Instantiate exception specifications when instantiating function types (other

Instantiate exception specifications when instantiating function types (other
than the type of a function declaration). We previously didn't instantiate
these at all! This also covers the pathological case where the only mention of
a parameter pack is within the exception specification; this gives us a second
way (other than alias templates) to reach the horrible state where a type
contains an unexpanded pack, but its canonical type does not.

This is a re-commit of r219977:

r219977 was reverted in r220038 because it hit a wrong-code bug in GCC 4.7.2.
(That's gcc.gnu.org/PR56135, and affects any implicit lambda-capture of
'this' within a template.)

r219977 was a re-commit of r217995, r218011, and r218053:

r217995 was reverted in r218058 because it hit a rejects-valid bug in MSVC.
(Incorrect overload resolution in the presence of using-declarations.)
It was re-committed in r219977 with a workaround for the MSVC rejects-valid.

r218011 was a workaround for an MSVC parser bug. (Incorrect desugaring of
unbraced range-based for loop).

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@221750 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8