[ObjCARC] Add an new attribute, objc_externally_retained

[ObjCARC] Add an new attribute, objc_externally_retained

This attribute, called "objc_externally_retained", exposes clang's
notion of pseudo-__strong variables in ARC. Pseudo-strong variables
"borrow" their initializer, meaning that they don't retain/release
it, instead assuming that someone else is keeping their value alive.

If a function is annotated with this attribute, implicitly strong
parameters of that function aren't implicitly retained/released in
the function body, and are implicitly const. This is useful to expose
for performance reasons, most functions don't need the extra safety
of the retain/release, so programmers can opt out as needed.

This attribute can also apply to declarations of local variables,
with similar effect.

Differential revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D55865

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/cfe/trunk@350422 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8