bpo-34903: Document that some strptime formats only require 1 digit (GH-14149)

bpo-34903: Document that some strptime formats only require 1 digit (GH-14149)

For datetime.datetime.strptime(), the leading zero for some two-digit formats is optional.

This adds a footnote to the strftime/strptime documentation to reflect this fact, and adds some tests to ensure that it is true.

bpo-34903