bpo-36972: Add SupportsIndex (GH-13448)

bpo-36972: Add SupportsIndex (GH-13448)

In order to support typing checks calling hex(), oct() and bin() on user-defined classes, a SupportIndex protocol is required. The ability to check these at runtime would be good to add for completeness sake. This is pretty much just a copy of SupportsInt with the names tweaked.