bpo-36280: Add Constant.kind field (GH-12295)

bpo-36280: Add Constant.kind field (GH-12295)

The value is a string for string and byte literals, None otherwise.
It is 'u' for u"..." literals, 'b' for b"..." literals, '' for "..." literals.
The 'r' (raw) prefix is ignored.
Does not apply to f-strings.

This appears sufficient to make mypy capable of using the stdlib ast module instead of typed_ast (assuming a mypy patch I'm working on).

WIP: I need to make the tests pass. @ilevkivskyi @serhiy-storchaka

https://bugs.python.org/issue36280