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<h1>Create, Edit, or Compose Bitmap Images With These Command-line Options</h1>
<p class="navigation-index">
-[ <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-blur">‑adaptive‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">‑adaptive‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adaptive-sharpen">‑adaptive‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#adjoin">‑adjoin</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#affine">‑affine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#alpha">‑alpha</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#annotate">‑annotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#antialias">‑antialias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#append">‑append</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#attenuate">‑attenuate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#authenticate">‑authenticate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">‑auto‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#auto-level">‑auto‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#auto-orient">‑auto‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#backdrop">‑backdrop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#background">‑background</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bench">‑bench</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-point-compensation">‑black‑point‑compensation</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blend">‑blend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blue-primary">‑blue‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blue-shift">‑blue‑shift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#blur">‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#border">‑border</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bordercolor">‑bordercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#borderwidth">‑borderwidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#brightness-contrast">‑brightness‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#cache">‑cache</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#caption">‑caption</a> <span class='bull'> • 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href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
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class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">‑auto‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">‑auto‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient">‑auto‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#backdrop">‑backdrop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#background">‑background</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bench">‑bench</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#black-point-compensation">‑black‑point‑compensation</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blend">‑blend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blue-primary">‑blue‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blue-shift">‑blue‑shift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#border">‑border</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">‑bordercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#borderwidth">‑borderwidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#brightness-contrast">‑brightness‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#cache">‑cache</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#caption">‑caption</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#cdl">‑cdl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#charcoal">‑charcoal</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">‑chop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">‑clamp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">‑clip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">‑clip‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">‑clip‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">‑clone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#clut">‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">‑coalesce</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colorize">‑colorize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colormap">‑colormap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#color-matrix">‑color‑matrix</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace">‑colorspace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#combine">‑combine</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#comment">‑comment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">‑compose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#composite">‑composite</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">‑compress</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">‑contrast‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">‑crop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#cycle">‑cycle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">‑debug</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">‑decipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct">‑deconstruct</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#define">‑define</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#delay">‑delay</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#delete">‑delete</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#density">‑density</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">‑depth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#descend">‑descend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#deskew">‑deskew</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#despeckle">‑despeckle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#direction">‑direction</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#displace">‑displace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#display">‑display</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">‑dispose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">‑dissimilarity‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dissolve">‑dissolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">‑distort</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">‑draw</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#duplicate">‑duplicate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#edge">‑edge</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#emboss">‑emboss</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">‑encipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#encoding">‑encoding</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">‑endian</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#enhance">‑enhance</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#equalize">‑equalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">‑evaluate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">‑evaluate‑sequence</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">‑extent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#extract">‑extract</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a 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class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_">‑format[identify]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">‑frame</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#frame_import_">‑frame[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#function">‑function</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">‑fuzz</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#fx">‑fx</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">‑gaussian‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">‑geometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">‑gravity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#green-primary">‑green‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">‑hald‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#help">‑help</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#highlight-color">‑highlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a 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href="command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#smush">‑smush</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic">‑statistic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
<div class="doc-section">
<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
-href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
+href="command-line-tools.html">command-line
tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
-otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
+otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
+
+<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em
+class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it
+defaults to 1.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a>
+option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm.
+Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
+<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em
+class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it
+defaults to 1.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case
ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if
more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by
-adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
+adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
make distinct names for each image. </p>
-<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file
(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
-automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
-where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
+automagically enable <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
+where the <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those
who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an
example, the command</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by
-<a href="#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p>
<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will
save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...
<ol>
<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
-<li>the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or
+<li>the <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or
<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output
filename.
</ol></p>
<h4><a id="affine"></a>-affine
<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em
class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>[,<em
- class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>]
+ class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>]</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a
-href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in
quotes or without spaces. </p>
are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
-class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
+class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions,
respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
-<p>See <a href="#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
-href="#distort">-distort</a> method '<kbd>Affineprojection</kbd> for more
+<p>See <a href="
command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> method '<kbd>Affineprojection</kbd> for more
information </p>
-<p class="crtsnip">
- -affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
-</p>
+<p class="crtsnip"> -affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em
+class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> </p>
-<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
+<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em
+class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
</p>
-<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
-<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
+<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle
+<em>a</em> by letting <em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em>
+= sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
</p>
-<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
+<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a>
+transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="command-line-options.html#affine"
+>-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices
+of the individual transformations.</p>
-<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
+<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the
+matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
</td></tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td valign="top"><kbd>Remove</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top">
+ Composite the image over the background color.
+ </td></tr>
+
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
</tbody>
</table>
-<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
-"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
->-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
-Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
+<p>Note that while the <a href="command-line-options.html#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
+"<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="command-line-options.html#matte"
+>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a>
+Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="annotate"></a>
-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
- -annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
- -annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
+ -annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em
+ class="arg">text</em><br /> -annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em
+ class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em
+ class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
-
-
-<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
-
-<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
-
-<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
-<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
-
-<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
-
-<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
+<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise
+control over text annotations, use <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>
+control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text,
+while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
+class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text
+relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
+
+<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>
+or <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em
+class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The
+direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em
+class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical
+convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is
+conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
+
+<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em
+class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em
+class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix
+equation.</p> <div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
+
+<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em
+class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the
+bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is
+probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this
+case leads to nice results.</p>
+
+<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em>
+is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file
+<kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded
+formatting characters are recognized.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
-drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
+drawn. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
are added when drawing such objects. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
-images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
+images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#append">+append</a> to
stack images left-to-right. </p>
<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
-current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
+current <a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
-href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>If unset the value is equivelent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
+<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting
+a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The
+encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
-<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
+<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>
+and <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
-href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
+href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
</p>
-<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
-'<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
-values is used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
+<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
+'<em>sync</em>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine which color
+values is used and modified. As the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
>-channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', channels are modified
together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
-href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
+href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
values. </p>
<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
-for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
+for the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
defined images. </p>
-<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
-href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
+<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="
command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch"
>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
-problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
+problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level"
>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
-<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
-special '<em>sync</em>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
+<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
+special '<em>sync</em>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine
which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
-href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', the
+href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<em>RGB,sync</em>', the
'<em>sync</em>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
transparency. </p>
the image, for correct viewing. </p>
<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
-camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
+camera, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
-result. If the
he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
-href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
+result. If the EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
+<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding
+other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is
+specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format
+described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
+<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is
+specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
+<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg"
+>iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance,
+consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the
+-duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent
+to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
-<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance[4]: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
+<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per
+second, using 4 threads and 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for
+a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
+<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that
+positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
-<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
+<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing
+with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
+especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
+detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at
+zero.</p>
-<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
+<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
negative results without clipping to the color value range
(0..QuantumRange).</p>
-<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
-<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
-</p>
+<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
+href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
+about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
+href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages or this
+<a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
+entry. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
-</p>
+<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
+value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the
+desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
</p>
-<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
+<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the slower the
operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
-times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
+times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
-<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
+<p>This option differs from <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
-<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
</p>
<h4>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
-defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
+defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Gaussian
weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
horizontal clock-wise. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the
-<em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
+<em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
ignored. </p>
<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
-href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
+href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
-<p>The <a href="#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
-href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
+<p>The <a href="
command-line-options.html#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
+href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
-size colors by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
+size colors by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
-be replaced by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
-<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
+be replaced by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
+<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
functionality.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
+<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
<h4><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
-<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
+<p>You may also use <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
transformation to all channels.</p>
<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
linear transform and applied
-using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
+using <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
<h4><a id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='command-line-options.html#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
-"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
+"<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
-href="../www/escape.html">Format and
+href="escape.html">Format and
Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
-<p>Caption meta-data ais not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
-<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
+<p>Caption meta-data is not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
+<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
instead.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
-channel RB
</p>
-<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
+<p>All the channels that are present in an image can be specified using the
special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
<br />
-<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
+<p>On top of the normal channel selection an extra flag can be specified,
'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
-syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
+synchronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
-channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
+channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
-<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
-<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
+<p>For example for operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
+<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kbd>Convolve</kbd>' method
-and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kbd>Convolve</kbd>' method
+and the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
contribute to the final result. </p>
-<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in syncronous, and
-treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
+<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in synchronous, and
+treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
+<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
channel</a>.</p>
<br />
-<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
+<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to the value
'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
-to be modified in exactly the same way, with a understanding of transprancy
+to be modified in exactly the same way, with an understanding of transparency
(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
-href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
-<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
+<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
include the following.
-<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
-<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
-<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
-<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
-<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
-<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
-<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
-<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
-<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
-<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
-<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
-<a href="#function">-function</a>,
-<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
-<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
-<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
-<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
-<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
-<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
-<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
-<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
-<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
-<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
-<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
-<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
-<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
+<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
+<a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
+<a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
</p>
-<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="#channel"
+<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
-href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
+href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
flag. </p>
-<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
-the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
+<p>For example <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
+the image before thresholding, if no <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
-<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
-href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
+<p>Also some operators such as <a href="
command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
-href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
+href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
-resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
+resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>
convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
-alpha channel present, and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
+alpha channel present, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
-href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
-<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
-</div>
-
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em>
and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em>
portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of
columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of
the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by
-a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
+a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
-<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
-<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more typically
-used with as <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and a '<kbd>+0+0</kbd>' offset
-so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a href="#shave"
->-shave</a> whcih removes equal numbers of pixels from oppisite sides of the image.
-</p>
+<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more
+typically used with as <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and zero
+offsets so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a
+href="command-line-options.html#shave" >-shave</a> which removes equal numbers of pixels from oppisite
+sides of the image. </p>
+
+<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> effectively undoes the results of a <a
+href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <em
+class="arg">geometry</em> and <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
+</div>
-<p>Using <a href="#chop">-chop</a> will effectivally undo the results of a
-<a href="#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <em class="arg">geometry</em>
-and <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<p>For example, in the command</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
-<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML
+library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
as normal. </p>
<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
-a rectangular <a href="#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
-mask (thrid) image in a three image <a href="#composite" >-composite</a>,
+a rectangular <a href="command-line-options.html#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
+mask (thrid) image in a three image <a href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a>,
operation. </p>
<h4><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This is almost identicate to <a href="#clip">-clip</a>. </p>
+<p>This is almost identical to <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make a clone of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
dash (e.g. <kbd>0−4</kbd>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
spaces (e.g. <kbd>0,2,5</kbd>). A value of '<kbd>0−−1</kbd> will
-effectivally clone all the images. </p>
+effectively clone all the images. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
-in the image sequence, and is thus equivelent to using a argument of
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
+in the image sequence, and is thus equivalent to using a argument of
'<kbd>−1</kbd>'. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
-href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
+href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
-<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
+<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
-href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
+href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
-href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
-set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
+href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
+set, it is treated by the <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
-transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
-href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
+transparency (i.e. <a href="
command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
</p>
-<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
+<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
of a 3D color cube. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
-its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
+its <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
images. </p>
<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
-the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', although
+the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', although
there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
better than the original. </p>
<h4><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
<h4><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer
-to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
+to <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
therefore your image may look very different than intended.
palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
reducing the number of colors. Refer to
-the <a href="../www/quantize.html">
+the <a href="quantize.html">
color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
<pre class="text">
-convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
- " 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
- 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
- 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
- 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
- 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
+ convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
+ " 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
+ 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
+ 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
+ 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
+ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
+ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
</pre>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
<p>Choices are:</p>
<pre class="text">
- CMY
- CMYK
- Gray
- HSB
- HSL
- HWB
- Lab
- Log
- OHTA
- Rec601Luma
- Rec601YCbCr
- Rec709Luma
- Rec709YCbCr
- RGB
- sRGB
- Transparent
- XYZ
- YCbCr
- YCC
- YIQ
- YPbPr
- YUV
+ CMY CMYK Gray HSB
+ HSL HWB Lab Log
+ OHTA Rec601Luma Rec601YCbCr Rec709Luma
+ Rec709YCbCr RGB sRGB Transparent
+ XYZ YCbCr YCC YIQ
+ YPbPr YUV
</pre>
-<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
+colorspace</a>.</p>
-<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
+<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale
+colorspaces, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
<table class="doc">
<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000*R−0.454153*G−0.045847*B)*(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
- <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if R ≤ .04045 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if G ≤ .04045 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
+ <tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if B ≤ .04045 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240*R+0.3575790*G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
+<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>) of the
+combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the
+sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this
+means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second
+to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
-<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
-</p>
+<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a
+href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same.
+Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the
+original. </p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
</div>
<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
-"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
+"<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
-href="../www/escape.html">Format and
+href="escape.html">Format and
Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
-<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
+<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
instead.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
+<p>See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
images together in some way. This includes the operators,
-<a href="#composite">-composite</a>,
-<a href="#layers">-layers</a> composite,
-<a href="#flatten">-flatten</a>,
-<a href="#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
-<a href="#layers">-layers</a> merge,
-<a href="#border">-border</a>,
-<a href="#frame">-frame</a>,
-and <a href="#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
+<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> composite,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> merge,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a>,
+<a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a>,
+and <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
command. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
-according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
+according to the current <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
-href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
+href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a>
settings. </p>
<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
Y-displacement image instead. </p>
-<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
+<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
-href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
+href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
appropriately for the compose method. </p>
-<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
+<p>Some <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
-href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
+href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd
+class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd
+class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd
+class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd
+class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
+compress</a>.</p>
-<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
+<p>Specify <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an
+uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified
+image file.</p>
-<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
+<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been
+enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be
+read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
-<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
+<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the
+JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally
+not recommended.</p>
-<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
+<p>
+When writing an ICO file, you may request that the images be encoded in
+PNG format, by specifying <kbd>Zip</kbd> compression.</p>
+
+<p>
+When writing a JNG file, specify <kbd>Zip</kbd> compression to request that
+the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <kbd>JPEG</kbd>
+to request that it be encoded in JPG "JDAA" format.</p>
+
+<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level
+to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders.
+Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the
+sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling
+the chroma channels.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
+<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and
+darker elements of the image. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance
+the image or <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image
+contrast.</p>
<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
</div>
<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
-<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
+<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
-clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
+clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize"
>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
-preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
-setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
+preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
+setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
-<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
+<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
normalization of mathematical images. </p>
<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
-<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
+<p>Note that the <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
</p>
-<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
+<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
-href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
+href="high-dynamic-range.html">High
Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
-
-<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
-
-<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
-
-<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+
+<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em
+class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains
+after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the
+<em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left
+corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the
+amount to be removed, use <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
+
+<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are
+present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the
+cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of
+the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper
+left corner of the image. If the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
+present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>
+gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to
+the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
+<kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured
+upward between the bottom edges.</p>
+
+<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are
+omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input
+image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if
+the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
missed' warning given. </p>
-<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
+<p>It might be necessary to <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to
+cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the
+upper-left corner of the visible image.
+
+Similarly you may want to use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> after cropping to
+remove the page offset that will be left behind. This is especially true when
+you are going to write to an image format such as PNG that supports an image
+offset.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
+<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It
+can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or
+a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains:
+<kbd>Accelerate</kbd>, <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>,
+<kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>,
+<kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>,
+<kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>,
+<kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
-<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
+<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user
+events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
-<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
+<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
+debug</a>.</p>
-<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
+<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging
+output.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
-<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
+<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="resources.html#environment"
+>environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd>
+environment variable are the same as for the <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a>
+option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by
+<a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
+<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em
+class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
-<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
+<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
+href="../www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
+Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
+<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a
+href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with
+a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image.
+</p>
-<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
+<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation
+sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the
+animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
-<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
+<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a>
+method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
-href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
+href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
as "Artifacts". </p>
<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
-options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
-previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
+options. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
+previously created. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
existing definitions.</p>
<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
-href="#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
->value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
+href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
+>value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
<p>The <em>option</em> and <em>key</em> are case-independent (they are
available:</p>
<dl>
+
+<dt>compose:args=<em class="arg">arguments</em></dt>
+<dd>Sets certain compose argument values when using convert ... -compose ...
+ -composite. See <a href="compose.html"
+ >Image Composition</a></dd>
+
+<dt>distort:scale=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+ <dd>Sets the output scaling factor for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
+ >-distort</a></dd>
+
+<dt>distort:viewport=WxH+X+Y</dt>
+ <dd>Sets the viewport for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a></dd>
+
<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
DCM image format.</dd>
can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
- wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>,
- <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to
+ wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a>,
+ <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> directives to
reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
8-bit depth.</dd>
+<dt>png:compression-filter=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+ <dd> valid values are 0 through 7. 0-4 are the corresponding PNG filters,
+ 5 means adaptive filtering except for images with a colormap, 6 means
+ adaptive filtering for all images, 7 means MNG "loco" compression.</dd>
+
+<dt>png:compression-level=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+ <dd> valid values are 0 through 9, with 0 providing the least but fastest
+ compression and 9 usually providing the best and always the slowest.</dd>
+
+<dt>png:compression-strategy=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+ <dd> valid values are 0 through 4, meaning default, filtered, huffman_only,
+ rle, and fixed ZLIB compression strategy. If you are using an old zlib
+ that does not support Z_RLE (before 1.2.0) or Z_FIXED (before 1.2.2.2),
+ values 3 and 4, respectively, will use the zlib default strategy
+ instead.</dd>
+
+<dt>png:format=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+ <dd> valid values are <em class="arg">png8</em>, <em class="arg">png24</em>,
+ and <em class="arg">png32</em>. This property can be useful for specifying
+ the specific PNG format to be used, when the usual method of prepending the
+ format name to the output filename is inconvenient, such as when writing
+ a PNG-encoded ICO file.</dd>
+
<dt>png:exclude-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dt>png:include-chunk=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dd>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
list. Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use
all lowercase names if you prefer.</p>
+ <p>The "include-chunk" and "exclude-chunk" lists only affect the behavior
+ of the PNG encoder and have no effect on the PNG decoder.</p>
+
<p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is excluded and
the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk is included, the <kbd>gAMA</kbd> chunk will
only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
can achieve this with a single define:</p>
<pre class="text">
- -define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
+ -define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
</pre>
+ <p>As a special case, if the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk is not excluded and
+ the PNG encoder recognizes that the image contains the sRGB ICC profile,
+ the PNG encoder will write the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk instead of the entire
+ 3144-byte ICC profile. To force the PNG encoder to write the sRGB
+ profile as an <kbd>iCCP</kbd> chunk in the output PNG instead of the
+ <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk, exclude the <kbd>sRGB</kbd> chunk.</p>
+
<p>The critical PNG chunks <kbd>IHDR</kbd>, <kbd>PLTE</kbd>,
- <kbd>IDAT</kbd>, and <kbd>IEND</kbd> cannot be excluded. Any of
- these entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
+ <kbd>IDAT</kbd>, and <kbd>IEND</kbd> cannot be excluded. Any such
+ entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
<p>If the ancillary PNG <kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk is excluded and the
image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
<kbd>tRNS</kbd> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
- <p>The <a href="#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
+ <p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
following for PNG output:</p>
<pre class="text">
- -define png:include-chunk=none,gama
+ -define png:include-chunk=none,trns,gama
</pre>
<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
PNG specification.</p>
- </dd>
+
+ <p>Any chunk names that are not known to ImageMagick are ignored
+ if they appear in either the "include-chunk" or "exclude-chunk" list.
+ The ancillary chunks currently known to ImageMagick are
+ <kbd>bKGD</kbd>, <kbd>cHRM</kbd>, <kbd>gAMA</kbd>, <kbd>iCCP</kbd>,
+ <kbd>oFFs</kbd>, <kbd>pHYs</kbd>, <kbd>sRGB</kbd>, <kbd>tEXt</kbd>,
+ <kbd>tRNS</kbd>, <kbd>vpAg</kbd>, and <kbd>zTXt</kbd>.</p>
+
+ <p>You can also put <kbd>date</kbd> in the list to include or exclude
+ the "Date:create" and "Date:modify" text chunks that ImageMagick normally
+ inserts in the output PNG.</p>
+
+</dd>
+
+<dt>png:preserve-colormap</dt>
+ <dd>Use the existing image->colormap. Normally the PNG encoder will
+ try to optimize the palette, eliminating unused entries and putting
+ the transparent colors first. If this flag is set, that behavior
+ is suppressed.</dd>
<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
- to preserve negative values. If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
+ to preserve negative values. If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
- If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
+ If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
double precision floating point format.</dd>
+<dt>showkernel=1</em></dt>
+<dd>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
+ href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</dd>
+
+<dt>tiff:quantum:polarity=min-is-black
+<br />
+tiff:quantum:polarity=min-is-white</dt>
+ <dd>Toggles the photometric interpretation</dd>
+
+<dt>tiff:rows-per-strip=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
+ <dd>Sets the number of rows per strip</dd>
+
+<dt>tiff:tile-geometry=<em class="arg">WxH</em></dt>
+<dd>Sets the tile size for pyramid tiffs. Requires the suffix PTIF: before the
+ outputname</dd>
+
+
</dl>
<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
use:</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
+<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences
+<em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the
+next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image
+sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
+<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current
+value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay
+<em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if
+you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does
+not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed
+to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the
+<kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as
+a file redirection.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
+ <h4><a id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">indexes</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the images specified by index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
+<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
+0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1
+represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with
+a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use
+<kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for
+rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
+<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster
+image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such
+as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution
+provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or
+raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a
+href="command-line-options.html#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter
+instead.</p>
-<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
+<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one
+point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are
+normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300,
+600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use
+a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the
+number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
-<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
+<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the
+stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image
+resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not
+stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using
+its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard
+file header.</p>
-<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and
+does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the
+rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied
+to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different
+resolution, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
+<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option
+to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
+or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop
+<em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel
+width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
<h4><a id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
-<p>Alteratively rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
+<p>Alternatively rather than supplying two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
</p>
<h4><a id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
+<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this
+X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
<pre class="text">
-Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
-None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
-Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
-Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
+ Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
+ None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
+ Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
+ Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
</pre>
<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
-<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
-<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
distortions. <br/>
More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
- squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
+ squares fitted to best match a linear affine distortion. If only 2
control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
</em></div>
- See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
+ See <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
- href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other varients. </td>
+ href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other variants. </td>
</tr>
The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
- quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straigth line edges
+ quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straight line edges
in each case. <br/>
Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
- which will be colored using the <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
- color setting. Also if the quadraterial becomes 'flipped' the image
- may dissappear. <br/>
+ which will be colored using the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
+ color setting. Also if the quadrilateral becomes 'flipped' the image
+ may disappear. <br/>
There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
- distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
+ distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panorama
effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
linear distortion. <br/>
Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
- <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
+ <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">
Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
- at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
- '<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
+ at the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
+ '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
</table>
The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
- (as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
+ (as if using <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
the same arguments. <br/>
- If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
+ If the plus form of distort (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
<td valign="top">
Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
- Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
+ Dersch</a>, perform a barrel or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
lines straight again. <br/>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
- This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
+ This is very similar to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
of the radial polynomial,
so that it forms the function <br/>
The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
- position, distorting te surface of the jelly. <br/>
+ position, distorting the surface of the jelly. <br/>
- Internally it is equiv
elent to generating a displacement map (see <a
- href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
- the <a href="#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
+ Internally it is equiv
alent to generating a displacement map (see <a
+ href="command-line-options.html#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
+ the <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
</td>
</tr>
</table>
-<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list
+<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
distort</a>.</p>
<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
understand.</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>
convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \<br/>
-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \<br/>
rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
-distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usally a linear
+distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usually a linear
'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
-href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
+href="command-line-options.html#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
the way to the horizon. </p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>
convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
-using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
+using a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
-'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
-will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
+'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a>
+will use the current <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
the rest of the ground. </p>
<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
-the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
+the plus form of the operator (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
-may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
+may need to be removed using <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
is unwanted. </p>
-<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
+<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>
option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
image space.</p>
-<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
+<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
-<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
-href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
-and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
+<p>Setting <a href="
command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
+href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
+and the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
-produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
-and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
+produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="command-line-options.html#rotate" >-rotate</a>
+and/or <a href="command-line-options.html#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
<h4><a id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to
+images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically
+when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
+<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the
+eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This
+reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of
+a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of
+colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
-setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
+setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
color gradients. </p>
-<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
-href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
+<p>The color reduction operators <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a
+href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced
+color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic
+color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such
+as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used
+in these cases. </p>
-<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
+<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>
+to generate purely random dither. Or use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither
+patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
+<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic
+primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel
+operations.</p>
<p>The shape primitives:</p>
East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
</pre>
-<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
+<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not
+interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in
+scope to the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
<pre class="text">
- rotate degrees
- translate dx,dy
- scale sx,sy
- skewX degrees
- skewY degrees
+ rotate degrees
+ translate dx,dy
+ scale sx,sy
+ skewX degrees
+ skewY degrees
</pre>
<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
<pre class="text">
- color x0,y0 method
- matte x0,y0 method
+ color x0,y0 method
+ matte x0,y0 method
</pre>
-<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
+<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the
+"outline" of a shape) with the <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a
+href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
-<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
+<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the
+pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates,
+<em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd>
+primitive is not affected by <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a
+href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
-<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
+<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the
+upper left and lower right corners.</p>
-<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
+<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as
+a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners
+to be removed.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
+<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled).
+Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
-<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in
+to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for
+<kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the
+arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end
+points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment
+of an ellipse is filled.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
+<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the
+center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of
+the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150
+0,360).</p>
-<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
-</p>
+<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or
+more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply
+a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start
+point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then
+a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>. </p>
-<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
+<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or
+optional comma. </p>
-<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
+<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to
+150,150 use:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
</p>
-<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
-draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
+<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three
+or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the
+<em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any
+intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points
+are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective
+control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If
+one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one
+control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If
+more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points
+act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order
+to draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the
+<kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with
+the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
</p>
-<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
+<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of
+moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw
+a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the
+current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths
+(i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by
+one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as
+<em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a
+href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
+<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the
+image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and
+filename:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
-dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
+dimensions. See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
-<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
+The "special augmented compose operators" such as "dissolve" that require
+arguments cannot be used at present with the <kbd>-draw image</kbd> option.
+ </p>
-<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
+<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text
+coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in
+single or double quotes.</p>
+
+<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like
+magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
<p class="crtsnip">
- -draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
+ -draw "text 100,100 'Works like magick!' "
</p>
-<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
+<p>See the <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way
+to annotate an image with text.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and
+text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
+option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the
+region.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text
+primitives.</p>
<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect
+to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
-<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
-matrix.</p>
+<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized
+from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a>
+option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
+option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed
+by the appearance of another <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option. If another
+<a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is
+reinitialized from the initial affine matrix.</p>
-<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
+<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the
+fill color (see <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with
+a method:</p>
<pre class="text">
point
reset
</pre>
-<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
+<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The
+<kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd>
+method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
+<kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
+pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor
+pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all
+pixels.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
+<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
+Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive
+for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte
+value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte
+value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
+<kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
+color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd>
+changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a
+href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the
+matte value of all pixels.</p>
-<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
+<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#box">-box</a>
+respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use
+these options <em>before</em> the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
-<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
+<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather
+than 1.png).</p>
-<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
+<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="magick-vector-graphics.html" >Magick
+Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="duplicate"></a>-duplicate <em class="arg">count,indexes</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>duplicate an image one or more times.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>Specify the count and the image to duplicate by its index in the sequence.
+The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the
+sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify
+a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g.
+0,2). Use <kbd>+duplicate</kbd> to duplicate the last image in the current
+image sequence.</p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
</div>
<h4><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
+<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg"
+>filename</em>.</p>
-<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
+<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
+href="../www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
+Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>,
+<kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>,
+<kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>,
+<kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
+<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the
+image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then
+equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
-<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
+<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness
+-equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
-<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
+<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal
+components transformation that puts most of the information in the first
+channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize
+-colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
+<p>(See the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator for some
+multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more
+elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
-<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
+<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the
+following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to
+below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while
+a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum
+(installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If
+normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other
+calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em
+class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
<table class="doc">
<col width="25%" />
<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
- <tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="command-line-options.html#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
-href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
+href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
-<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
+<a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
-href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
+href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >+level</a> operator, with
appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
-Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
-'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
+Please note, however, that <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
+'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
'alpha' values.</p>
-<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
+<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides
+addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore
+equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the
+interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
-<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The formula is expressed below. </p>
+<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and
+works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with
+<kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential
+function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and
+thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The
+formula is expressed below. </p>
<div style="text-align:center;">
exp(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b>)
</div>
-<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a
-href="#-function" >-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be the result.</p>
+<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a href="command-line-options.html#-function"
+>-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be
+the result.</p>
-<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
+<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on
+normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em
+class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling
+factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The
+formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
<div style="text-align:center;">
log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
-href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
+href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
-with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
+with <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
</div>
-<p>See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
+<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or
+logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>To print a complete list of <a
+href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence</a> operators, use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
+<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color.
+To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em>
+specification or precede with a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To
+specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
+>-compose</a>.</p>
+
<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ <br /> -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ <br /> -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg</span></p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
+<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw
+image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $
magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $
</span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
<p>the image is <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
equivalent to:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
-</p>
+<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for
+rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font
+(e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g.,
+"Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found). </p>
-<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
-</p>
+<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
+href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
-
-<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
-
-<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
-<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
-<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
-
-<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
-
-<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
+<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
+users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal
+(spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is
+represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying
+amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along
+the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are
+complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for
+example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier
+Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier
+Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier
+Transform</a>.</p>
+
+<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the
+output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two
+separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports
+multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the
+frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be
+visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated
+into a two-component image representation. The first component is the
+magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex
+number. See for example, <a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image
+formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF,
+PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these
+formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
+<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase
+image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
+<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image
+as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can
+force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a
+href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
+
+<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it
+is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input
+image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom
+and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and
+phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
+
+<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within
+[0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled.
+Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but is scaled to span the full
+dynamic range. (The first few releases had non-HDRI scaled but HDRI not
+scaled). The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain
+very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In
+order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log
+function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to
+enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can
+be done, for example, as follows:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
-<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
-
-<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
-
-<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> is also square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</p>
-
-<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
-<a href="../www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
-</p>
+<p>where either <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 or <a
+href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> is used to scale the image to full dynamic
+range, first. The argument to the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log
+typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of
+detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more
+visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
+use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real
+and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
+
+<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values,
+this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must
+use either MIFF, TIF, PFM or MPC formats for the real and imaginary component
+results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional
+values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part. With either
+MIFF or TIF, one should add -define quantum:format=32, to allow those image
+types to work properly in HDRI mode without clipping.</p>
+
+<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> are also square, even dimensioned images due to the same
+padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component
+images.</p>
+
+<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
+href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
+about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
+href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages, <a
+href="http://www.fmwconcepts.com/imagemagick/fourier_transforms/fourier.html"
+>Fred's Fourier Processing With ImageMagick page</a> or this <a
+ href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging" >Wikipedia</a>
+ entry. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
+<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA,
+HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="color.html" >Color Names</a> for
+a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
-<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
+<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or
+the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
</p>
-<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
distorting an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
-operations such as <a href="#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="#distort"
+operations such as <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
<pre class="text">
except via expert settings (see below). </p>
<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
-function that the <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
+function that the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list
+<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
filter</a> option.</p>
<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
-use of these expert settings (see also <a href="#define" >-define</a> and <a
-href="#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
+use of these expert settings (see also <a href="
command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> and <a
+href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
<dl class="doc">
<dt>-define filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
image distorts.</dd>
+<dt>-define filter:sigma=<em>value</em></dt>
+<dd>The 'sigma' value used to define the <kbd>Gaussian</kbd> filter. Default
+ sigma value is '<kbd>0.5</kbd>'. It only effects <kbd>Gaussian</kbd> but
+ does not shrink (but may enlarge) the filter's 'support'. It can be used
+ to generate very small blurs but without the filter 'missing' pixels due
+ to using a small support setting. A larger value of '<kbd>0.707</kbd>'
+ (a value of '1/sqrt(2)') is another common setting. </dd>
+
<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
- the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
- are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
- filter. Values meaning was defined by a research paper by
+ the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> cubic windowing function. If only one of the values
+ are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Cubic-Keys' filter.
+ The values meaning was defined by a research paper by
Mitchell-Netravali.</dd>
+<dt>-define filter:kaiser-beta=<em>value</em></dt>
+<dd>The 'alpha' value used to as part of the Kaiser Windowing function.
+ Default value is '6.5'. It only effects Kaiser windowing function, and
+ does not effect any other attributes.</dd>
+
+<dd>Before IM v6.7.6-10, this option was known as "filter:alpha", (an
+ inheritance from the very old "zoom" program). It was changed to bring the
+ function in line with more modern academic research usage, and better
+ assign it be more definitive. </dd>
+
+<dt>-define filter:kaiser-alpha=<em>value</em></dt>
+<dd>This value when multiplied by 'PI' is equivelent to "kaiser-beta", and
+ will override that setting. It only effects Kaiser windowing function,
+ and does not effect any other attributes. </dd>
+
<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
-<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
- you to directly use a windowing filter such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
- rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
- 'Bessel' functions. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the
- following expert setting is also defined.</dd>
+<dd>Use this function directly as the weighting filter. This will allow
+ you to directly use a windowing function such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
+ as a resampling filter, rather than as its normal usage as a windowing
+ function. </dd>
+
+<dd>If defined, no windowing function also defined, the window function is set
+ to <kbd>Box</kbd>). Directly specifying <kbd>Sinc</kbd> or <kbd>Jinc</kbd>
+ as a filter will also do this. </dd>
<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
-<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and
- <kbd>Sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
+<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Sinc</kbd> and
+ <kbd>Jinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
- function that is not normally used as a windowing function, such as
- <kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns off the windowing function),
- to window a <kbd>Sinc</kbd>, or the function the previous setting defined.
- </dd>
+ function to be used as a windowing function for these IIR filters. </dd>
+
+<dd>Many of the defined filters are actually windowing functions for these IIR
+ filters. A typical choices is <kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns
+ off the windowing function). </dd>
<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
- -set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \<br/>
+ -set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \<br/>
-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \<br/>
-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
-<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
-filters, and 'verbose' for viewing the internal filter selection), are
-provided for image processing experts who have studied and understood how
-resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the
-definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more
-likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.</p>
+<p>To extract the data for a raw windowing function, combine it with
+a '<kbd>Box</kbd>' filter. For example the '<kbd>Welsh</kbd> parabolic
+windowing function. </p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert null: -define filter:filter=Box \<br/>
+ -define filter:window=Welsh \<br/>
+ -define filter:support=1.0 \<br/>
+ -define filter:verbose=1 \<br/>
+ -resize 2 null: > window_welsh.dat<br/>
+ gnuplot<br/>
+ set grid<br/>
+ plot "window_welsh.dat" with lines</span></p>
+<p>Note that the use of expert options is provided for image processing experts
+who have studied and understand how resize filters work. Without this
+knowledge, and an understanding of the definition of the actual filters
+involved, using expert settings are more likely to be detrimental to your image
+resizing.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
+<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction. The image will be mirrored
+upside-down. </p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>Flood fill starts from the given 'seed point' which is not gravity effected.
+Any color that matches within <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> color distance of the
+given <em class="arg">color</em> argument, connected to that 'seed point'
+will be replaced with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> color. </p>
+
+<p>Note that if the pixel at the 'seed point' does not itself match the given
+<em class="arg">color</em> (according to <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a>), then no
+action will be taken. </p>
+
+<p>This operator works more like the <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</A> option, than
+a more general flood fill that reads the matching color directly at the 'seed
+point'. For this form of flood fill, look at <a href="command-line-options.html#draw" >-draw</a> and
+its 'color floodfill' drawing method. </p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
+<p>Reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction, just like the image in
+a vertical mirror. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list font</a>
+option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
-<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
+<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
+href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color for menus.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
+<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="../www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
+<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any
+image to the image <a href="formats.html">format</a> you specify.
+For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#list">-list format</a>.</p>
-<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
+<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the
+filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with
+the image format type specified with <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a>. For
+example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the
+input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image
+filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
+<p>See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
+Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this
+option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor"
+<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor"
>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is
<em>y</em> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
</p>
-<p>The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
-href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
+<p>The <a href="
command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
+href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
-size with the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
+size with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
-href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
+href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
-href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
+href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
<p>The image composition is not
-affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
+affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
+<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify
+each of the color values for each previously set <a
+href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a
+href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the
+calculations are handled.</p>
-<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
+<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in
+ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
-<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
+<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of
+numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em
+class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em
+class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
<pre class="text">
- Polynomial
- Sinusoid
- Arcsin
- Arctan
+ Polynomial
+ Sinusoid
+ Arcsin
+ Arctan
</pre>
-<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a> operators,
+use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
<dl class="doc">
<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
<dd>
-<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
+
+<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters,
+these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree.
+That is, entering</p>
<div style="text-align: center">
-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd>
+(the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>,
+<kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em>
+polynomials) of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a
+href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some
+correspondences follow.</p>
<table class="doc">
<col width="35%" />
</tr>
</table>
-<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since
+polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy
+desired.</p>
+
</dd>
<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
<dd>
-<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
+<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values
+sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These
+values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
<div style="text-align: center">
-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
</div>
-<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
+<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function
+corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.)
+The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally
+<b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
<div style="text-align: center">
<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2*π* (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
</div>
-<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
+<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9
+(when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between
+.7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
</p>
-<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
+<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em
+class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em>
+is 0.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and
+<kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing
+varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
<table class="doc">
<tr>
-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
</p>
-<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
+<p>with all values given in terms of normalized color values (0.0 for black,
1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
+<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must
+be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color
+in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an
+image with <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target
+background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for
+these differences.</p>
-<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by
+appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255,
+65535, or 4294967295).</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
+<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>,
+the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
+string.</p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
+<p>See <a href="fx.html">FX,
+The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this
+option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
+<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look
+different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to
+adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from
+<kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and
+gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may
+result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only
+eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
-<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
+<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to
+a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the
+normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the
+same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
-<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
+<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of
+the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g.,
+<kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the
+image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option
+is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute
+(e.g. PNG images). Write the "file gamma" which is the reciprocal of the
+display gamma; e.g., if your image is sRGB and you want to write a PNG gAMA
+chunk, use
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.png +gamma .45455 output.png</span></p>(0.45455 is 1/2.2)</p>
-<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
+<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
+ <h4><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
-times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
+times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
-<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
+<p>This differs from the faster <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
neighboring pixels. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
-<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
-<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
-list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
+<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>,
+<kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>,
+<kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete list of <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
installation.</p>
-<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
-
-<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
-
-<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
-<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
-
-<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
+<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For
+example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within
+the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a
+href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the
+text primitive of <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> is affected by the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the
+<a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that
+take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
+
+<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option
+or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an
+offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested
+by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following
+command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions
+200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a>
+is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is
+<kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point
+(100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving
+(100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at
+that point. (In addition, the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the
+region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel
+coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
+<p>When used as an option to <a href="composite.html">composite</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates
+within the composite.</p>
+
+<p>When used as an option to <a href="montage.html">montage</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates
+within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
to apply the transform to the image. </p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
-href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
+href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
-<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
-of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
+<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
+of the individual color channels, usually involving a simpler gray-scale
image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
mapping. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
+<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same
+manner as the <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to
+handle negative offsets.</p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
+<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size;
+the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em
+class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the
+number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="miff.html">MIFF</a> for
+a description of the image class.</p>
-<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
+<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors
+in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a
+href="quantize.html">color
+reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
-<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
+<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
image histogram, and others.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
+<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
+users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase
+images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial
+domain. See for example, <a
+href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>,
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and
+<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
-<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
+<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of
+the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
<p>or</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
-<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
+<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when
+the original image, prior to the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a> or <a
+href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at
+the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
-<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
+<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
+use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real
+and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal
+(spatial) domain.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
+<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it
+at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is
+calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such
+<kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
-<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In
+other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence.
+Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see
+<a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute,
+Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
-<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
+<p>The default intent is Perceptual for the sRGB colorspace and undefined for the RGB and gray colorspaces.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
<p>Choose from:</p>
<pre class="text">
- none
- line
- plane
- partition
- JPEG
- GIF
- PNG
+ none
+ line
+ plane
+ partition
+ JPEG
+ GIF
+ PNG
</pre>
-<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
+<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image
+formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
-<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
-image.G, and image.B).</p>
+<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to
+individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).</p>
-<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
-image.</p>
+<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced
+PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd> image.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
+interlace</a>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
<pre class="text">
- integer: The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
- nearest-neighbor: The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
- average: The average color of the surrounding four pixels
- bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
- mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
- bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
- spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
- filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
+ integer The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
+ nearest-neighbor The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
+ average The average color of the surrounding four pixels
+ bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
+ mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
+ bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
+ spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
+ filter Use resize <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> settings
</pre>
-<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
->-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
->-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
+<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
+>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#transform"
+>-transform</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
-<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
-<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
+<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
-or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
+or created. You can use the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
image. </p>
<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
-attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image
+attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
-is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
+is read in. If a <a href="command-line-options.html#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
-visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or
+visible on the image itself, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option, or
during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
-the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
+the local background color, from which to separate the foreground color. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
- href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
+ href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
+ <tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
+ <tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
- <td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
+ <td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce"
>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
<tr><td></td>
- <td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
- to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
+ <td>The <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
+ to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
- href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
+ href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
- results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
+ results from the application of the GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose"
>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
</td>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">flatten</td>
<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
- canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
- and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
+ canvas using the current <a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a> color,
+ and <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
- <td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
+ <td>This usually used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td>
<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
- canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
+ canvas with real pixels, or to underlay an opaque color to remove
transparency from an image.</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">merge</td>
<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
- layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
- without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
- prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
- negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
+ layers to create a new layer image just large enough to hold all the
+ image without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset
+ will preserve the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
+ negative. The virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
</td>
- </tr>
+ </tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
- as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
+ <tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with
+ negative offsets as few image file formats handle them correctly.
+ Following this operation method with <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>
+ will remove the layer offset, and create a image in which all the
+ overlaid image positions relative to each other is preserved, though
+ not necessarily exactly where you specified them.
+ </td>
+ </tr>
+
+ <tr><td></td><td>See also 'trim-bounds' below which is closely related but
+ without doing the'flatten' to merge the images together. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
- of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
- virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by definition, image layers
- with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
- edges.</td>
+ of the first image in a positive direction only so as to hold all the
+ image layers. However as a virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin,
+ by its own definition, image layers with a negative offsets will still
+ become clipped by the top and left edges. See 'merge' or 'trim-bounds'
+ if this could be a problem. </td>
+
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
- offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The resulting image
- will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
- any image file format. </td>
+ <tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image
+ using various offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The
+ resulting image will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so
+ can be saved to any image file format. </td>
</tr>
the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
- then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
+ <tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found.
+ But then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
optimizers seen. </td>
</tr>
'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
- result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
- is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
- the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
- however you can get a vast improvement in the final animation size. </td>
+ <tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal
+ style will result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames,
+ though this is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is
+ better than the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some
+ animations however you can get a vast improvement in the final
+ animation size. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
- animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
+ animation by more than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
</td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
- into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
- color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
- disposed image of the last frame. </td>
+ <tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation
+ to compress into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one
+ (transparent) color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating
+ the current disposed image of the last frame. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
</td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
- whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
- sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
- part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
+ <tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay
+ across the whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into
+ smaller sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been
+ used as part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
warning is then issued). </td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
- partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
- displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
- optimization in GIF animations. </td>
+ <tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which
+ provide partial intermediary updates between the frames that are
+ actually displayed to users. These frames are usually added for
+ improved frame optimization in GIF animations. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
- a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
- there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
- the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
- remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
- minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
- canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
- </td>
+ a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified or
+ merged, only the individual image virtual canvas size and offset.
+ All the images is given the same canvas size, and and will have
+ a positive offset, but will remain in the same position relative to
+ each other. As a result of the minimal canvas size at least one image
+ will touch every edge of that canvas. The image data touching those
+ edges however may be transparent. </td>
+ </tr>
+
+ <tr><td></td><td>The result is much like if you used 'merge' followed by a
+ <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> option, except that all the images
+ have been kept separate. If 'flatten' is used after using
+ 'trim-bounds' you will get the same result. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
-<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
->-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
->-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
-href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
-href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
->-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
+<p>The operators <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
+>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic"
+>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods and may be depreciated in
+the future. Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#repage"
+>-repage</a> operators, the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the
+GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>
+settings. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
-white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
-point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
-contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
-both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
-will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
-omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
+white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to
+100%; if the white point is omitted it is set to (<em
+class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center contrast changes.
+If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string, both black and white
+points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma will do a <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is omitted, the
+default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
-the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
-zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
-<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
-to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
-adjusted. </p>
-
-<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
-adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
-operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
-<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
-adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
-the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
-
-<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
+the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to zero
+(or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to <em
+class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct
+contrast adjustments to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting
+image will then be adjusted. </p>
+
+<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator
+(<kbd>+level</kbd>) or adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument
+list, will cause the operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That
+is a zero, or <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.)
+in the original image, is adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to
+de-contrast, or compress the channel values within the image. The
+'<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the
+image is made. </p>
+
+<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
limit the effect of this operator. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
+<p>This function is exactly like <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a>, except that the
value value for each color channel is determined by the
'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
-described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
+described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
+<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>,
+<kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
-<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
+<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are
+in bytes. Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resource limits
+with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB).<p>
+
+<p>By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB
+memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the
+available resources on your computer if this information is available. When
+any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take
+compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits
+memory:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $
magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'></span></p><pre class="text">
-File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'></span></p><pre class="text">
+ File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
+ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited
</pre>
-<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
-
-<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
-
-<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
+<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one
+of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and
+disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings
+and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of
+allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the
+request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the
+<kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
+
+<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical
+image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in
+memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the
+<kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If
+a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file
+is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the
+<kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if
+the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are
+automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program
+fails.</p>
+
+<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource
+limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax
+your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process
+images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all
+or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows
+other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under
+these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick
+workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For
+example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from
+the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can
+simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-limit area 10mb
</p>
-<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
+<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically
+cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images
+typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can
+be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users
+might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk
+limit as well:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
-<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
-
-<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory|open|destroy|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
+<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set
+with <a href="resources.html#environment" >environment variables</a>. Set the
+environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>,
+<kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>,
+<kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>,
+<kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of
+image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads
+of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
+
+<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug cache</a> to
+their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the
+pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how
+resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output
+through <kbd>grep memory|open|destroy|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
</p>
-<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
-</p>
+<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache
+Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="architecture.html#cache
+">Architecture</a> page. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
+<p>This is very similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
-be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
-href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
+be stretched. However it then stretch
es those colors using the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
-<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
+<p>note however that a <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
-<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
+<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
normalization of mathematical images. </p>
<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<pre class="text">
- Align
- Alpha
- Boolean
- Channel
- Class
- ClipPath
- Coder
- Color
- Colorspace
- Command
- Compose
- Compress
- Configure
- DataType
- Debug
- Decoration
- Delegate
- Direction
- Dispose
- Distort
- Dither
- Endian
- Evaluate
- FillRule
- Filter
- Font
- Format
- Function
- Gravity
- ImageList
- Intent
- Interlace
- Interpolate
- Kernel
- Layers
- LineCap
- LineJoin
- List
- Locale
- LogEvent
- Log
- Magic
- Method
- Metric
- Mime
- Mode
- Morphology
- Module
- Noise
- Orientation
- Policy
- PolicyDomain
- PolicyRights
- Preview
- Primitive
- QuantumFormat
- Resource
- SparseColor
- Storage
- Stretch
- Style
- Threshold
- Type
- Units
- Validate
- VirtualPixel
+ Align Alpha Boolean Channel
+ Class ClipPath Coder Color
+ Colorspace Command Compose Compress
+ Configure DataType Debug Decoration
+ Delegate Direction Dispose Distort
+ Dither Endian Evaluate FillRule
+ Filter Font Format Function
+ Gravity ImageList Intent Interlace
+ Interpolate Kernel Layers LineCap
+ LineJoin List Locale LogEvent
+ Log Magic Method Metric
+ Mime Mode Morphology Module
+ Noise Orientation Policy PolicyDomain
+ PolicyRights Preview Primitive QuantumFormat
+ Resource SparseColor Storage Stretch
+ Style Threshold Type Units
+ Validate VirtualPixel
</pre>
<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
available:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
-href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
+href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
characters:</p>
<pre class="text">
- %d domain
- %e event
- %f function
- %l line
- %m module
- %p process ID
- %r real CPU time
- %t wall clock time
- %u user CPU time
- %% percent sign
- \n newline
- \r carriage return
+ %d domain
+ %e event
+ %f function
+ %l line
+ %m module
+ %p process ID
+ %r real CPU time
+ %t wall clock time
+ %u user CPU time
+ %% percent sign
+ \n newline
+ \r carriage return
</pre>
<p>For example:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
<pre class="text">
- best
- default
- gray
- red
- green
- blue
+ best
+ default
+ gray
+ red
+ green
+ blue
</pre>
<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
<h4><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
<pre class="text">
- r red pixel component
- g green pixel component
- b blue pixel component
- a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
- o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
- i grayscale intensity pixel component
- c cyan pixel component
- m magenta pixel component
- y yellow pixel component
- k black pixel component
- p pad component (always 0)
+ r red pixel component
+ g green pixel component
+ b blue pixel component
+ a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
+ o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
+ i grayscale intensity pixel component
+ c cyan pixel component
+ m magenta pixel component
+ y yellow pixel component
+ k black pixel component
+ p pad component (always 0)
</pre>
<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Prevent updates to image pixels specified by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
+<p>This the same as using a mask used for composite masking operations, with
+grayscale values causing blended updates of the image the mask is attached to.
+</P>
+
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#mask">+mask</a> to remove the mask from images.</p>
+
+<p>Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> which work in the same way,
+but with strict boolean masking. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
+<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>Select the 'maximum' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
+
+<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</A> of the same
+name. </p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
+ <h4><a id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>Select the 'middle' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
+
+<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</A> of the same
+name. </p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
<p>Choose from:</p>
<pre class="text">
- AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
- FUZZ mean color distance
- MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
- MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
- MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
- NCC normalized cross correlation
- PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
- PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
- RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
+ AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
+ FUZZ mean color distance
+ MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
+ MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
+ MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
+ NCC normalized cross correlation
+ PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
+ PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
+ RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
</pre>
<p>Control the '<kbd>AE</kbd>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
-with the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
+with the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
only changed by a small amount). Use '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' to find the
-size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
-'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' dtermines the factor needed
+size of the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
+'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' determines the factor needed
for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
-<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
+<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
metrics</a> option.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>Select the 'minimal' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
+
+<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</A> of the same
+name. </p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
+ <h4><a id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make each pixel the 'predominate color' of the neighborhood.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make each pixel the 'predominant color' of the neighborhood.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>]</td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
-<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
-for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
+<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
+for a list of <a href="command-line-options.html#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
ImageMagick installation.</p>
<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
-twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
+twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a> the image
before and after. </p>
<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
-href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
+href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
-appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
+appearance of a metamorphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
-href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
+href="command-line-options.html#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <a
+<p>Until I get around to writing a
n option summary for this, see <a
href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
Morphology</a>. </p>
<h4><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
+ <h4><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
+<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes
+black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">+negate</a> to only
+negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
+ <h4><a id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
+<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the
+objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating
+undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel
+with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been
+found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is
+a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
-<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
+<p>Use <kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to
+specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise. This is equivelent
+to using a <kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >-statistic</a> NonPeak</kbd> operation,
+which should be used in preference.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em
+class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise
+types:</p>
<pre class="text">
-Gaussian
-Impulse
-Laplacian
-Multiplicative
-Poisson
-Random
-Uniform
+ Gaussian
+ Impulse
+ Laplacian
+ Multiplicative
+ Poisson
+ Random
+ Uniform
</pre>
-<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
+<p>The amount of noise added can be controled by the <kbd><a
+href="command-line-options.html#attunuuate" >-attenuate</a></kbd> setting. If unset the value is
+equivelent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition.</p>
-<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
-the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
+<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
+
+<p>Also see the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allows
+the use of a controlling value to specify the amount of noise that should be
added to an image. </p>
values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
-<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
-is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
-(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
+<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize" >-normalize</a>
+is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
+(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
-preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
-setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
+preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
+setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
-<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
-Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
+<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
+Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
<pre class="text">
-threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
-checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
-o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
-o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
-o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
-o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
-h4x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
-h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
-h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
-h4x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
-h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
-h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
-h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
-c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
-c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
-c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
-c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
-c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
-c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
+ threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
+ checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
+ o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
+ o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
+ o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
+ o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
+ h4x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
+ h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
+ h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
+ h4x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
+ h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
+ h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
+ h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
+ c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
+ c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
+ c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
+ c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
+ c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
+ c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
</pre>
-<p> The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerbord dither
-pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
-personal or system <kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. </p>
+<p> The <kbd>threshold</kbd> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
+This could be used with <em class="arg" >level</em> to do the equivalent of <a
+href="command-line-options.html#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors.
+</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
-threshold</a> option.</p>
+<p>The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither
+pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid
+white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white.
+</p>
+
+<p>You can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> for ordered
+dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system
+<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</A>
+for more details of configuration files. </p>
-<p>It is recommended that the <a href="#map" >+map</a> operator be used after
-applying <a href="#ordered-dither" >-ordered-dither</a> to reduce the number of
-colors an animated image sequence, to less that 256 colors. This ensures that
-a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
-limited file format such as GIF. </p>
+<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the
+<a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list threshold</a> option.</p>
-<p>Note that at this time the exact same threshold dithering map is used for
-all color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for
-different channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. (possible
-future expansion) </p>
+<p>Note that at this time the same threshold dithering map is used for all
+color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for different
+channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. Also as the maps are
+simple threshold levels, the halftone and circle maps will create incomplete
+circles along the edges of a colored area. Also all the effects are purely
+on/off boolean effects, without anti-aliasing to make the circles smooth
+looking. Large dots can be made to look better with a small amount of blurring
+after being created. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
-described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
+described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
given.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
the target color. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
-as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
-transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
+as <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
+transparency rather than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
-channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
+channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
-href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
<pre class="text">
- bottom-left
- bottom-right
- left-bottom
- left-top
- right-bottom
- right-top
- top-left
- top-right
- undefined
+ bottom-left
+ bottom-right
+ left-bottom
+ left-top
+ right-bottom
+ right-top
+ top-left
+ top-right
+ undefined
</pre>
-<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
+<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list
orientation</a> option.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+
+<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em
+class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other
+<em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a
+href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
-<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
+<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em
+class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em
+class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels.
+The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
-<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
-<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
+<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<thead>
<tr valign="top">
<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
</table>
-
-
-<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
-
-<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
+<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image
+format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this
+purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas
+and are not affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To
+position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a><em
+class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG
+file, a <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in
+the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values
+that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and
+height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the
+sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to
+determine its dimensions.</p>
+
+<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a
+href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower
+left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em
+class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the
+page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the
+page. The default gravity for the <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option is <em
+class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em
+class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left
+corner of the page, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
+present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
-<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
+<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a>.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
+<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular
+neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
<h4><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
<h4><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
+<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g.
+<kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from
+these previews:</p>
<pre class="text">
- Rotate
- Shear
- Roll
- Hue
- Saturation
- Brightness
- Gamma
- Spiff
- Dull
- Grayscale
- Quantize
- Despeckle
- ReduceNoise
- Add Noise
- Sharpen
- Blur
- Threshold
- EdgeDetect
- Spread
- Shade
- Raise
- Segment
- Solarize
- Swirl
- Implode
- Wave
- OilPaint
- CharcoalDrawing
- JPEG
+ Rotate Shear Roll Hue
+ Saturation Brightness Gamma Spiff
+ Dull Grayscale Quantize Despeckle
+ ReduceNoise Add Noise Sharpen Blur
+ Threshold EdgeDetect Spread Shade
+ Raise Segment Solarize Swirl
+ Implode Wave OilPaint CharcoalDrawing
+ JPEG
</pre>
-<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
+<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ...
+argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g.
+"Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to
+pass to the process module.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
-
-<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
-
-<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
-
-<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
-
-<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
-<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
-<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
-CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
+<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an
+ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile
+to the image.</p>
+
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to
+remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so
+wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we
+remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile
+"!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
+
+<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the
+image file. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and
+comments).</p>
+
+<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option is not
+used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em
+class="arg">APP1, 8BIM, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
+
+<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the
+<em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
+<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the
+original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a
+href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and
+therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the
+command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is
+CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
+<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra
+conversion steps can yield unwanted results. CMYK profiles are often very
+asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
</p>
-<p>The <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option can also be used to inject
-previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
-the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
-programming interface:</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename></span></p>
-<p>where <em>x</em> is a location flag and
-<em class="arg">filename</em> is a file containing the chunk
-name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
-This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
-be included in the file.</p>
-
-<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
-or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
-of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
-subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
-
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>-profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 -profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 92. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
+<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and
+highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression).
+The default is to use the estimated quality of your input image if it can
+be determined, otherwise 92. When the quality is greater than 90, then the
+chroma channels are not downsampled.
+Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the
+factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
+
+<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which
+is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect
+on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
-<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
+<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear
+equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This
+non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by
+the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy
+compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
-<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
+<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib
+compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). The default
+PNG "quality" is 75, which means compression level 7 with adaptive PNG
+filtering, unless the image has a color map, in which case it means
+compression level 7 with no PNG filtering.</p>
-<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression. The default PNG compression is 75.</p>
+<p>For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is
+fastest but not necessarily the worst compression.</p>
-<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
+<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified PNG filter-type is used for
+all scanlines:</p>
<pre class="text">
- 0: none
- 1: sub
- 2: up
- 3: average
- 4: Paeth
+ 0: none
+ 1: sub
+ 2: up
+ 3: average
+ 4: Paeth
</pre>
-<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
+<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater
+than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is
+used.</p>
-<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
+<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering
+with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
-<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
+<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color
+transformation (intrapixel differencing) and adaptive filtering
+with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
-<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
+<p>If the filter-type is 8 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy is used with
+ no PNG filtering.</p>
-<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
+<p>If the filter-type is 9 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy is used with
+ adaptive PNG filtering.</p>
+
+<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance or signature of PNG
+and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
+
+<p>Not all combinations of compression level, strategy, and PNG filter type
+can be obtained using the -quality option. For more precise control,
+you can use the PNG:compression-level=N, PNG:compression-strategy=N, and
+PNG:compression-filter=N defines, respectively, instead.
+See <a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a>. Values from the defines take precedence
+over values from the -quality option.</p>
+
+<p>For further information, see
+the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
-href="#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reducion also happens
+href="command-line-options.html#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reduction also happens
automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
GIF, and PNG8.</p>
<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
such actually mis-named. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
-</p>
+<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> to create
+a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">+raise</a>. </p>
-<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
+<p>Unlike the similar <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
+<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
-<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
+<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
-<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
-reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
-limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
+reducing those images using <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
+limit, then <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
-href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
+href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
-href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
+href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated
+in the same manner as in <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
-<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
+<p>If you have more than one <a href="display.html">display</a> application
+running simultaneously, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#window"> window</a> option to
+specify which application to control.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="render"></a>-render</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations.
+This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
+<p>This option is like <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
+<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original
+at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at
+3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to
+72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that
+only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of
+storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image
+resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a
+href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the
+resample resolution.</p>
-<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
+<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary
+embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will
+continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image
+resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
+ignored, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
-<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
+<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified
+filter.</p>
-<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
+<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light
+coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma
+correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
+<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right.
+A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
+<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
+height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less
+than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and
+the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is
+640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or
+<kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being
+misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
-<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
+<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
-<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
-a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
-neighbour), though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
+<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
+a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
+neighbour), though <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
-the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
+the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
-<p>The key feature of the <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
+<p>The key feature of the <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
-ignored, unlike <a href="#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
+ignored, unlike <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
+<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder
+for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use
+its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when
+writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a
+href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2
+downsampling method.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
-together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifing. </p>
+together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifying. </p>
-<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
-a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
+<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
+a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
-completely ignores the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
+completely ignores the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
-multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels avergaed together to
+multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels averaged together to
produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
+<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image
+should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified
+window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the
+specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups
+that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
+<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and
+identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This
+is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
-<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
+<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in
+each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid.
+<em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second
+derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect
+a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
-<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
+<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
of the color clusters is returned.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
-</div>
-
-<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4>-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
+ <h4><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> or as a percentage.</p>
+<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in
+contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <em
+class="QR">QuantumRange</em> or as a percentage.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
-<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
+<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect
+achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em
+class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia
+toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable
+tone.</p>
image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
-in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="#set">+set</a> form of the
+in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="command-line-options.html#set">+set</a> form of the
option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
appropriate. </p>
<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
-href="
#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
-href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
+href="
command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
+href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
assigned before the image is read in, by using a <em class="arg">key</em> of
the same name. </p>
<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
-'properity' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="#verbose"
+'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose"
>-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
</p>
-<p>This includes string 'properities' that are set by and assigned to images
-using the options <a href="#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="#label"
->-label</a>, <a href="#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
-a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent
+<p>This includes string 'properties' that are set by and assigned to images
+using the options <a href="command-line-options.html#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#label"
+>-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
+a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent
Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
-<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
+<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
-<p>Other well known 'properities' that can be include:
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
+<p>Other well known 'properties' that are availible include:
'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
-see <a href="#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
-control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="#set">-set page</a>
+see <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
+control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set page</a>
option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
attribute. </p>
<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
For example,</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
-href="#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are globel in scope, they
-can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properities' of one specific image,
+href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they
+can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properties' of one specific image,
in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
-<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
+<p>Note that <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
a 'artifact' if the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match an existing
-'attribute' or 'properity'. </p>
+'attribute' or 'property'. </p>
<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set profile</a> option can also be used to inject
+previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
+the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
+programming interface:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename> out.png</span></p>
+<p>where <em>x</em> is a location flag and
+<em class="arg">filename</em> is a file containing the chunk
+name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
+This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
+be included in the file.</p>
+
+<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
+or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
+of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
+subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
+
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 / <br/>
+ -profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02 out.png</span></p>
+<p> </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
+<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as
+the position of the light source. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">+shade</a> to return
+the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
+<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared
+memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support,
+and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension.
+Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
+ <h4><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">bias</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em>
+argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of
+the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom.
+Offsets are ignored.</p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
-
-<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
-
-<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
-
-<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
-<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
+<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em
+class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are
+given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical
+component.</p>
+
+<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e.,
+horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount
+of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears,
+<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the
+negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em
+class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em
+class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em
+class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the
+positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em
+class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em
+class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
+
+<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color
+defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified
+using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
+
+<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is
+important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not
+<em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For
+example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
+<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except
+for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates
+a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
+<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function
+without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em>
+indicates how much to increase the contrast. For example, near 0 is none, 3 is
+typical and 20 is a lot. Note that exactly zero is invalid, but 0.0001 is
+negligibly different from no change in contrast. <em
+class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant
+image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image
+contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to
+decrease the contrast.</p>
+
+<p>To achieve the equivalent of a sigmoidal brightness change, use <em
+class="arg">-sigmoidal-contrast brightnessx0%</em> to increase brightness and
+class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast brightnessx0%</em> to decrease brightness.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
+<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose
+dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or
+<kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the
+image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size
+640x512+256).</p>
<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
<pre class="text">
- 192x128
- 384x256
- 768x512
- 1536x1024
- 3072x2048
+ 192x128
+ 384x256
+ 768x512
+ 1536x1024
+ 3072x2048
</pre>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
+<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
+angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the
+direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="smush"></a>-smush <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
<h4><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
-<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
+<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when
+exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
<th align="left">Description</th>
</tr>
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td valign="top">barycentric</td>
+ <td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
+ Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
+ The gradient generated extends beyond the triangle created by those
+ 3 points. </td>
+ </tr>
+
+ <tr valign="top">
+ <td valign="top">bilinear</td>
+ <td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
+ fall back to barycentric. </td>
+ </tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
<td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
colors. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">barycentric</td>
- <td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
- Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
- Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">bilinear</td>
- <td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
- fall back to barycentric. </td>
+ <td valign="top">inverse</td>
+ <td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance.
+ This generates sharper points of color rather than rounded spots of
+ '<kbd>shepards</kbd>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the
+ average of colors. </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
-canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
+canvas (<a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >-repage</a>
offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
</p>
-<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
-modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
-default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
-enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
-transparency handling for images. </p>
+<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> are
+modified, which means that by default matte/alpha transparency channel is not
+effected. Typically transparency channel is turned off either before or after
+the operation. </P>
+
+Of course if some color points are transparent to generate a transparent
+gradient, then the image also requires transparency enabled to store the
+values. </p>
<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
+<p>This will add rows and columns of the current <a
+href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color into the given image according to the
+given <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> geometry setting. >See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Essentially <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> will divide the
+image into four quadrants, separating them by the inserted rows and columns.
+</P>
+
+If a dimension of geometry is zero no rows or columns will be added for that
+dimension. Similarly using a zero offset with the appropriate <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting will add rows and columns to the edges of
+the image, padding the image only along that one edge. Edge padding is what <a
+href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> is most commonly used for. </p>
+
+<p>If the exact same <em class="arg">geometry</em> and <a
+href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is later used with <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> the
+added added all splices removed. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
+<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the
+neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to
+swap.</p>
+
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a id="statistic"></a>-statistic <em class="arg">type</em> <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>]</td></tr></table>
+
+<p>Choose from these statistic types:</p>
+<pre class="text">
+ Gradient maximum difference in area
+ Maximum maximum value per channel in neighborhood
+ Minimum minimum value per channel in neighborhood
+ Mean average value per channel in neighborhood
+ Median median value per channel in neighborhood
+ Mode mode (most frequent) value per channel in neighborhood
+ Nonpeak value just before or after the median value per channel in neighborhood
+</pre>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
+<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the
+beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need
+this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size
+320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
+<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output
+image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses
+are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<pre class="text">
- char store pixels as unsigned characters
- double store pixels as doubles
- float store pixels as floats
- integer store pixels as integers
- long store pixels as longs
- quantum store pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
- short store pixels as unsigned shorts
+ char unsigned characters
+ double doubles
+ float floats
+ integer integers
+ long longs
+ quantum pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
+ short unsigned shorts
</pre>
<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
+<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to
+apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em
+class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
<pre class="text">
- Any
- Condensed
- Expanded
- ExtraCondensed
- ExtraExpanded
- Normal
- SemiCondensed
- SemiExpanded
- UltraCondensed
- UltraExpanded
+ Any
+ Condensed
+ Expanded
+ ExtraCondensed
+ ExtraExpanded
+ Normal
+ SemiCondensed
+ SemiExpanded
+ UltraCondensed
+ UltraExpanded
</pre>
-<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
+stretch</a>.</p>
-<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
+<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
+href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
+<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
-<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
the following.</p>
<pre class="text">
- Any
- Italic
- Normal
- Oblique
+ Any
+ Italic
+ Normal
+ Oblique
</pre>
-<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
+<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
+href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
-possible matching loctions. </p>
+possible matching locations. </p>
-<p>Note that the search will try to compare teh sub-image at every possible
+<p>Note that the search will try to compare the sub-image at every possible
location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
-images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch
+<p>For example, <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
+images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">+swap</a> to switch
the last two images in the sequence.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
+<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style)
+formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
-<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
+<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or
+OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and
+<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
</div>
<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
-<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
+<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as
+the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is
+a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used
+and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
-->
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
-
-<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
+<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the
+maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
+
+<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
+value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer,
+the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels
+are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the
+<kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is
+therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable
+recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as
+a percentage. </p>
+
+<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100%
+red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red
+channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged.
</p>
-<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
-<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
+<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would
+generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the
+input image.</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
-<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
+<p> See also <a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
+<p>This is similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized
+for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to
+reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a
+href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4>-tile</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
+<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="command-line-options.html#tile"
+>-tile</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for
+creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input
+formats. </p>
-<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
+<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="command-line-options.html#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image
+by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
-<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
+<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black,
+white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such
+as the various shades of grey.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>, <a href="montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
+<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to
+the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar.
+Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data,
+or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described
+under the <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a> option.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
</p>
-<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
+<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image
+titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
+<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
-href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
-described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
+described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
given. </p>
-<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
-<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
-href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
-current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
-However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
-that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
+<p>The <a href="
command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
+href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
+current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
+However the <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
+that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha"
>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
-href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
-href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
+href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
-href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
+href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
+<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes
+the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
-<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
+<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source
+image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory.
+However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the
+best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to
+the <a href="quantize.html"
+>color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
-<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>
+option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is
+required for this option to take effect.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
+<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner
+pixels. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> remove
+edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
-you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
-image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
+you to extract the result of the <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
+image. Use a <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
information if it is unwanted.</p>
<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
-<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
+<a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
- <p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, or <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>.</p>
+ <p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>,
+<kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>,
+<kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>,
+<kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, or <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>.</p>
-<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
+<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and
+truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a
+href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> option can be used to override this behavior. For
+example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though
+only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
-<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $ </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
+<p>Similarly, use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the
+encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the
+output format supports transparency.</p>
-<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
+<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
-<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
+<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
+<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently
+displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that
+the input file has been changed and update the displayed image
+accordingly.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
+<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or
+<kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction
+with the <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
+<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is
+convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation
+(sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use
+a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
<p>The parameters are:</p>
<pre class="text">
- radius: The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
- pixel (default 0).
- sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
- amount: The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
- image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
- threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
- difference amount (default 0.05).
+ radius The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
+ pixel (default 0).
+ sigma The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
+ amount The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
+ image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
+ threshold The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
+ difference amount (default 0.05).
</pre>
<h4><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option
+precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a> option or
+<kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
<pre class="text">
- background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
- black: the area surrounding the image is black
- checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
- dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
- edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
- gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
- horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
- horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
- mirror: mirror tile the image
- random: choose a random pixel from the image
- tile: tile the image (default)
- transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
- vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
- vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
- white: the area surrounding the image is white
+ background the area surrounding the image is the background color
+ black the area surrounding the image is black
+ checker-tile alternate squares with image and background color
+ dither non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
+ edge extend the edge pixel toward infinity
+ gray the area surrounding the image is gray
+ horizontal-tile horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
+ horizontal-tile-edge horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
+ mirror mirror tile the image
+ random choose a random pixel from the image
+ tile tile the image (default)
+ transparent the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
+ vertical-tile vertically tile the image, sides are background color
+ vertical-tile-edge vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
+ white the area surrounding the image is white
</pre>
<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
-<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
->-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
+<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
+>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>.
However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
-image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
-href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
+image proper, such as <a href="
command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
-<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a
+href="command-line-options.html#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
<pre class="text">
- StaticGray
- GrayScale
- StaticColor
- PseudoColor
- TrueColor
- DirectColor
- default
- visual id
+ StaticGray
+ GrayScale
+ StaticColor
+ PseudoColor
+ TrueColor
+ DirectColor
+ default
+ visual id
</pre>
-<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
+<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs.
+If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most
+simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
-saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
+<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em>
+of the wave.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
+<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to
+the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em
+class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
<table class="doc">
<col width="25%" />
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
- <tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
- <tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
- <tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
- <tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
- <tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>All </td>
+ <td>No effect. </td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Bold </td>
+ <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Bolder </td>
+ <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Lighter </td>
+ <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Normal </td>
+ <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
-<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
+weight</a>.</p>
-<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
+<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
+href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
+href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
<h4><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all
+pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
-</p>
+<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
+value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the
+desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
+<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd>
+to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
-<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
+<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If
+<kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the
+image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd>
+for details.</p>
-<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
+<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique
+colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a
+href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
- <p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
-
-<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-\r
-</div>\r
-\r
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- <span id="linkbar-west"> </span>\r
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- <span id="linkbar-east"> </span>\r
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- <span id="footer-west">© 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC</span>\r
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+ <p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
+
+<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+
+</div>
+
+<div id="linkbar">
+ <span id="linkbar-west"> </span>
+ <span id="linkbar-center">
+ <a href="../discourse-server">Discourse Server</a> •
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+ </span>
+ <span id="linkbar-east"> </span>
+ </div>
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projects / imagemagick / blobdiff