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href="../www/command-line-options.html#delete">‑delete</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#density">‑density</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#depth">‑depth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#descend">‑descend</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#deskew">‑deskew</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#despeckle">‑despeckle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#direction">‑direction</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#displace">‑displace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#display">‑display</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dispose">‑dispose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">‑dissimilarity‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissolve">‑dissolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#distort">‑distort</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dither">‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#draw">‑draw</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#edge">‑edge</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#emboss">‑emboss</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encipher">‑encipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encoding">‑encoding</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#endian">‑endian</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#enhance">‑enhance</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#equalize">‑equalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate">‑evaluate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">‑evaluate‑sequence</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extent">‑extent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extract">‑extract</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#family">‑family</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#features">‑features</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fft">‑fft</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fill">‑fill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#filter">‑filter</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flatten">‑flatten</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flip">‑flip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#floodfill">‑floodfill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flop">‑flop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#font">‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#foreground">‑foreground</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format">‑format</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format_identify_">‑format[identify]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame">‑frame</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame_import_">‑frame[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#function">‑function</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fuzz">‑fuzz</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fx">‑fx</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gamma">‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">‑gaussian‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#geometry">‑geometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gravity">‑gravity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#green-primary">‑green‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#hald-clut">‑hald‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#help">‑help</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#highlight-color">‑highlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_import_">‑pause[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pen">‑pen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ping">‑ping</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pointsize">‑pointsize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#polaroid">‑polaroid</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#posterize">‑posterize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#precision">‑precision</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#preview">‑preview</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#print">‑print</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#process">‑process</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#profile">‑profile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#s
ubimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
-otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>, and .... </p>
+otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="adaptive-blur" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
- "direction",
<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Off</kbd> or
- <kbd>Deactivate</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
- Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
- existing data, just turns off the use of that data. This is the same as
- the older <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
+ Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
+ should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
+ preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
+ channel. </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>On</kbd> or
- <kbd>Activate</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
- Enables the image's use of transparency. If transparency data does not
- already exist, allocates the data and sets it to opaque. If the image has
- transparency data, the channel is enabled and the transparency data is not changed or modified in any way. This is NOT
- the same as the older <a href="#matte" >-matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
+ Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
+ existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
- Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and if it was previously
- turned off resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had the
- alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect. This is the same as the older <a href="#matte">-matte</a> operator. </td></tr>
+ Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
+ then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
+ the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
- Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
- opaque. </td></tr>
+ Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
+ </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
- Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
- transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the same
- size as the original and with all its original RGB data still intact,
- but fully transparent. </td></tr>
+ Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
+ transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
+ same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
+ intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
- '<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate a
- gray-scale mask of the image's shape. This is the inverse of
- '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'. </td></tr>
+ '<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
+ a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
+ intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
+ </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
- gray-scale intensity of the image, as an alpha mask, into the alpha
- channel, converting a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped image
- ready to be colored appropriately. The color channels are not modified.
- </td></tr>
+ gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
+ a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
+ appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
</table>
<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
-"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
+"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
-set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> on</kbd>". That is,
-"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>" will ensure that the written
-image is opaque if the original image had no transparency channel enabled,
-regardless if transparency data is already present. </p>
+Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
-will be added when drawing such objects. </p>
+are added when drawing such objects. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="append" id="append"></a>-append</h4>
<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
-position relative to each other can be controled by the current <a
+position relative to each other can be control
led by the current <a
href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
-<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image will become 50% gray. </p>
+<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
-dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrmas or cartoon like images.
+dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
</p>
<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
'<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
-values
will be used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
->-channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', channels will be modified
+values
is used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
+>-channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', channels are modified
together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
-mi
mimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
+mi
nimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
values. </p>
<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
special '<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
-which color values
will be used and modified. As the default <a
+which color values
are used and modified. As the default <a
href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', the
-'<CODE>sync</CODE>' will ensure that the color channels will be modified
+'<CODE>sync</CODE>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
transparency. </p>
-
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="auto-orient" id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
</div>
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a name="blend" id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">percent</em></h4>
+ <h4><a name="blend" id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given
absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
-<kbd>-blend 30</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
-'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70</kbd>.</p>
+<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
+'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
+<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
+<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
</div>
-<p>Where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. If a radius of 0 is specified, ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
+determines the actual amount of bluring that will take place. </p>
-<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction, then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
+array which will hold the calculated gaussian distribution. It should be an
+integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
+radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
+</p>
+
+<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
+operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
+aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
+should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
+times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
+
+<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
+by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
+we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
+then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are ignored. </p>
+<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the
+<em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
+ignored. </p>
-<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
+<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
+href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
-<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more functionality.</p>
+<p>The <a href="#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
+href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
+'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
+size colors by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
+overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
+with the default compose method of '<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may
+be replaced by the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
+<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
+functionality.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="bordercolor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a linear transform and applied using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
-<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result will be totally midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation will be a a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
+<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
-<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this function. All achievable slopes will be zero or positive.</p>
+<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
-<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5 at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result will be totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result will be totally black.</p>
+<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5 at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is totally black.</p>
-<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%' symbol will be no different than leaving it off.</p>
+<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%' symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="cache" id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
+option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
+"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> caption</kbd>". </p>
+
+<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
+href="../www/escape.html">Format and
+Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
+is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
+
+<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
+class="arg">@</em>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
+remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
+no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
+
+<p>Caption meta-data ais not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
+<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
+instead.</p>
+
+<p>For example,</p>
+
+<p class="crtsnip">
+ -caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
+</p>
+
+<p>produces an image caption of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
+that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
+480.</p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="cdl" id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
</div>
<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
<pre class="text">
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
- <ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
- <SOPNode>
- <Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
- <Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
- <Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
- </SOPNode>
- <SATNode>
- <Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
- </SATNode>
- </ColorCorrection>
-</ColorCorrectionCollection>
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
+ <ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
+ <SOPNode>
+ <Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
+ <Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
+ <Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
+ </SOPNode>
+ <SATNode>
+ <Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
+ </SATNode>
+ </ColorCorrection>
+</ColorCorrectionCollection>
</pre>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>, <kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>, <kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, <kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list channel</a>.</p>
-
-<p>The channels above can be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
+<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
-For example, to negate only the alpha channel of an image, use</p>
+For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
+you can either use </p>
<p class="crtsnip">
- -channel Alpha -negate
+ -channel Red,Blue
+</p>
+<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
+<p class="crtsnip">
+ -channel RB
</p>
-Some operators also allow the use of a special channel flag
-'<code>sync</code>'. If present operators that understand this flag will
-apply the exact same image modification to all the image channels in the image
-so as to ensure that colors are kept 'in-sync'. Without this flag such
-operators will apply there function to each channel separately. See <a
-href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and <a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>
-for examples of such an operator. </p>
+<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
+special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
+but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
+will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
+
+<br>
+
+<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
+'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
+operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
+syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
+operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
+channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
+setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
+
+<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
+<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
+together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
+it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
+independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
+
+<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kdb>Convolve</kdb>' method
+and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
+the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
+to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
+processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
+contribute to the final result. </p>
+
+Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in syncronous, and
+treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
+setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
+How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
+Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
+</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
+channel</a>.</p>
+
+<br>
<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
-'<kbd>RGB,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all channels
-except the opacity channel, and that all the color channels are to be modified
-in exactly the same way. The 'plus' form <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
-will reset the value back to this default. </p>
+'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
+channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
+to be modified in exactly the same way, with a understanding of transprancy
+(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
+href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
include the following.
<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
+<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
+<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
<a href="#function">-function</a>,
<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
+<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
-<a href="#separate">-separate</a>, and
+<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
</p>
-<p>Warning, some operators behave different
ally when the <a href="#channel"
+<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="#channel"
>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
-href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivelent of the
-default). For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default
-gray-scale the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel"
->-channel</a> setting has been defined. </p>
+href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
+default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
+flag. </p>
+
+<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
+the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
+has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
-resulting in 'halo' effects. </p>
+resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
+convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
+and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
-<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images some operators will read the
+<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
-alpha channel present,
but the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
-the operator to apply the alpha channel. The <a href="#clut">-clut</a>
-operator is a good example of this. </p>
+alpha channel present,
and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
+the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
+href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
-<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, conatins no
+<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
-assumed that image represents a gray-scale graident which will be used for the
+assumed that image represents a gray-scale gradient which is used for the
replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easilly viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
+<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', though there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is better than the original. </p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option places comments in a non-pixel portion of the image file. For a comment to be visibly written on the image itself, use the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options.</p>
+<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
+option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
+"<kbd><a href="#set">-set</a> comment</kbd>". </p>
-<p>Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image, when writing to an image format that supports comments. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters listed under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option. The comment is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via "Comment" tag or similar mechanism. </p>
+<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
+href="../www/escape.html">Format and
+Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
+is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
+
+<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
+class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
+remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
+no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
+
+<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
+<a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options
+instead.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
- -comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
+ -comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
</p>
-<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
-
-<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Comments in a file are literal; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
+<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> (assuming
+that the image <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> has a width of 512 and a height of
+480.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="compose" id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The description of composition uses abstract terminology in order to allow
-the description to be more precise, while avoiding constant values which are
-specific to a particular build configuration. Each image pixel is represented
-by red, green, and blue levels (which are equal for a gray pixel). The
-build-dependent value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> is the maximum integral
-value which may be stored, per pixel, in the red, green, or blue channels of
-the image. Each image pixel may also optionally (if the image matte channel is
-enabled) have an associated level of opacity, ranging from <em>opaque</em> to
-<em>transparent</em>, which may be used to determine the influence of the pixel
-color when compositing the pixel with another image pixel. If the image matte
-channel is disabled, then all pixels in the image are treated as opaque. The
-color of an opaque pixel is fully visible while the color of a transparent
-pixel color is entirely absent (pixel color is ignored).</p>
-
-<p>By definition, raster images have a rectangular shape. All image rows are of
-equal length, as are all image columns. By treating the alpha channel as a
-visual "mask" the rectangular image may be given a "shape" by treating the
-alpha channel as a cookie-cutter for the image. This is done by setting the
-pixels within the shape to be opaque, with pixels outside the shape set as
-transparent. Pixels on the boundary of the shape may be between opaque and
-transparent in order to provide antialiasing (visually smooth edges). The
-description of the composition operators use this concept of image "shape" in
-order to make the description of the operators easier to understand. While it
-is convenient to describe the operators in terms of "shapes" they are by no
-means limited to mask-style operations since they are based on continuous
-floating-point mathematics rather than simple boolean operations.</p>
-
-<p>The following alpha blending (Duff-Porter) compose methods are available:</p>
-
-<table class="doc">
- <tbody>
- <tr valign="top">
- <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
- <th align="left">Description</th>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">clear</td>
- <td valign="top">Both the color and the alpha of the destination are
- cleared. Neither the source nor the destination are used (except for
- destinations size and other meta-data which is always preserved.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">src</td>
- <td valign="top">The source is copied to the destination. The destination
- is not used as input, though it is cleared.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">dst</td>
- <td valign="top">The destination is left untouched. The source image is
- completely ignored.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">src-over</td>
- <td valign="top">The source is composited over the destination. this is
- the default alpha blending compose method, when neither the compose
- setting is set, nor is set in the image meta-data.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">dst-over</td>
- <td valign="top">The destination is composited over the source and the
- result replaces the destination.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">src-in</td>
- <td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination
- replaces the destination.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">dst-in</td>
- <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source
- replaces the destination. Areas not overlaid are cleared.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">src-out</td>
- <td valign="top">The part of the source lying outside of the destination
- replaces the destination.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">dst-out</td>
- <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying outside of the source
- replaces the destination.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">src-atop</td>
- <td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination is
- composited onto the destination.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">dst-atop</td>
- <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source is
- composited over the source and replaces the destination. Areas not
- overlaid are cleared. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">xor</td>
- <td valign="top">The part of the source that lies outside of the
- destination is combined with the part of the destination that lies
- outside of the source. Source or Destination, but not both. </td>
- </tr>
-
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>Any of the 'Src-*' methods can also be specified without the 'Src-' part.
-For example the defaul compose method can be specified as just 'Over'.</p>
-
-
-<p>The following mathemathical composition methods are also available. </p>
-
-<p>Typically these use the default 'Over' alpha blending when transparencies
-are also involved, except for 'Plus', 'Minus', 'Add', and 'Subtract', which
-also composes the alpha channel using the same process as the color channels.
-This allows them to be used for special image masking techniques. </p>
-
-<table class="doc">
- <tbody>
- <tr valign="top">
- <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
- <th align="left">Description</th>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">multiply</td>
- <td valign="top">The source is multiplied by the destination and replaces the destination. The resultant color is always at least as dark as either of the two constituent colors. Multiplying any color with black produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">screen</td>
- <td valign="top">The source and destination are complemented and then multiplied and then replace the destination. The resultant color is always at least as light as either of the two constituent colors. Screening any color with white produces white. Screening any color with black leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">plus</td>
- <td valign="top">The source is added to the destination and replaces the
- destination. This operator is useful for averaging or a controled
- merger of two images, rather than a direct overlay.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">add</td>
- <td valign="top">As per 'plus' but transparency data is treated as matte
- values. As such any transparent areas in either image remain
- transparent. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">minus</td>
- <td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
- destination image. When transparency is involved, opaque areas is
- subtracted from any destination opaque areas. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">subtract</td>
- <td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
- destination image. When transparency is involved transparent areas are
- subtracted, so only the opaque areas in the source remain opaque in
- the destination image. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">difference</td>
- <td valign="top">Subtracts the darker of the two constituent colors from
- the lighter. Painting with white inverts the destination color.
- Painting with black produces no change.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">exclusion</td>
- <td valign="top">Produces an effect similar to that of 'difference', but
- appears as lower contrast. Painting with white inverts the
- destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">darken</td>
- <td valign="top">Selects the darker of the destination and source colors.
- The destination is replaced with the source when the source is darker,
- otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">lighten</td>
- <td valign="top">Selects the lighter of the destination and source colors.
- The destination is replaced with the source when the source is
- lighter, otherwise it is left unchanged. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">linear-dodge</td>
- <td valign="top">This is equivelent to 'Plus' in that the color channels
- are simply added, however it does not 'Plus' the alpha channel, but
- uses the normal 'Over' alpha blending, which transparencies are
- involved. Produces a sort of additive multiply-like result. Added
- ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">linear-burn</td>
- <td valign="top">As 'Linear-Dodge', but also subtract one from the result.
- Sort of a additive 'Screen' of the images. Added ImageMagick version
- 6.5.4-3. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">color-dodge</td>
- <td valign="top">Brightens the destination color to reflect the source
- color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">color-burn</td>
- <td valign="top">Darkens the destination color to reflect the source
- color. Painting with white produces no change. Fixed in ImageMagick
- version 6.5.4-3. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">overlay</td>
- <td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the
- destination color. Source colors overlay the destination whilst
- preserving its highlights and shadows. The destination color is not
- replaced, but is mixed with the source color to reflect the lightness
- or darkness of the destination.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">hard-light</td>
- <td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the source
- color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
- is lightened as if it were screened. If the source color is darker
- than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were multiplied. The
- degree of lightening or darkening is proportional to the difference
- between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5 the
- destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces
- black or white.</td>
- </tr>
-
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">linear-light</td>
- <td valign="top">Like 'Hard-Light' but using linear-dodge and linear-burn
- instead. Increases contrast slightly with an impact on the
- foreground's tonal values.</td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">soft-light</td>
- <td valign="top">Darkens or lightens the colors, dependent on the source
- color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
- is lightened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination
- is darkened, as if it were burned in. The degree of darkening or
- lightening is proportional to the difference between the source color
- and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5, the destination is unchanged. Painting
- with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area,
- but does not result in pure black or white. Fixed in ImageMagick
- version 6.5.4-3. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">pegtop-light</td>
- <td valign="top">Almost equivelent to 'Soft-Light', but using a
- continuious mathematical formula rather than two conditionally
- selected formulae. Added ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">vivid-light</td>
- <td valign="top">A modified 'Linear-Light' designed to preserve very stong
- primary and secondary colors in the image. Added ImageMagick version
- 6.5.4-3. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">pin-light</td>
- <td valign="top">Similar to 'Hard-Light', but using sharp linear shadings,
- to similate the effects of a strong 'pinhole' light source. Added
- ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
- </tr>
-
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-
-<p>Also included are these special purpose compose methods:</p>
-
-<table class="doc">
- <tbody>
- <tr valign="top">
- <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
- <th align="left">Description</th>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">copy-*</td>
- <td valign="top">Copy the specified channel (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan,
- Magenta, Yellow, Black, or Opacity) in the source image to the
- same channel in the destination image. If the channel specified
- does not exist in the source image, (which can only happen for methods,
- '<kbd>copy-opacity</kbd>' or '<kbd>copy-black</kbd>') then it is
- assumed that the source image is a special grayscale channel image
- of the values to be copied. </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">change-mask</td>
- <td valign="top">Replace any destination pixel that is the similar to the source images pixel (as defined by the current <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> factor), with transparency. </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>On top of these composed methods are a few special ones that not only require
-the two images that are being merged or overlaid, but have some extra numerical
-arguments, which are tabled below. </p>
-
-<p>In the "<code>composite</code>" command these composition methods are
-selected using special options with the arguments needed. They are usually,
-but not always, the same name as the composte 'method' they use, and replaces
-the normal use of the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting in the
-"<code>composite</code>" command. For example... </p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>composite ... -blend 50x50 ...</span></p>
-<p>As of IM v6.5.3-4 the "<code>convert</code>" command can now also supply
-these extra arguments to its <a href="#composite" >-composite</a> operator,
-using the special <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'. This means you can now make use of
-these special argumented <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> methods, those the
-argument and the method both need to be set separatally. For example... </p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert ... -compose blend -set option:compose:args 50x50 -composite ...</span></p>
-<p>The following is a table of these special 'argumented' compose methods,
-with a brief summary of what they do. For more details see the equivalent
-"composite" command option name. </p>
-
-<table class="doc">
- <tbody>
- <tr valign="top">
- <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
- <th align="left">Description</th>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">dissolve</td>
- <td valign="top">Arguments:
- <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
- <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#dissolve">-dissolve</a>
- <br>Dissolve the 'source' image by the percentage given before overlaying
- 'over' the 'destination' image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em> is
- greater than 100, it starts dissolving the main image so it will
- become transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If
- both percentages are given, each image are dissolved to the
- percentages given.
- </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">blend</td>
- <td valign="top">Arguments:
- <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
- <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#blend">-blend</a>
- <br>Average the images together ('plus') according to the percentages
- given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage value
- is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
- the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is
- a <kbd>-blend 30</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of
- the 'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend
- 30x70</kbd>.
- </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">mathematics</td>
- <td valign="top">Arguments: <em class="arg">A, B, C, D</em>
- <br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
- <br>Merge the source and destination images according to the formula
- <br> <code>A*Sc*Dc + B*Sc + C*Dc + D</code>
- <br>Can be used to generate a custom composition method that would
- otherwise need to be implemented using the slow <a href="#fx">-fx</a>
- DIY image operator. Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3.
- </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">modulate</td>
- <td valign="top">Arguments:
- <em class="arg">brightness</em>[x<em class="arg">saturation</em>]
- <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#watermark">-watermark</a>
- <br>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination
- image's brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and
- the <em class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations
- color saturation attribute is just direct modified by the <em
- class="arg">saturation</em> percentage, which defaults to 100 percent
- (no color change).
-
- </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">displace</td>
- <td valign="top">Arguments:
- <em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em>][!][%]
- <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#displace">-displace</a>
- <br>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask'
- image, is used as a relative displacement map, which is used to
- displace the lookup of what part of the destination image is seen at
- each point of the overlaid area. Much like the displacement map is a
- 'lens' that distorts the original 'background' image behind it.
- <br><br>
- The X-scale is modilated by the 'red' channel of the overlay image
- while the Y-scale is modulated by the green channel, (the mask image
- if given is rolled into green channel of the overlay image. This
- separation allows you to modulate the X and Y lookup displacement
- separatally allowing you to di 2 dimentional displacements, rather
- than 1 dimentional verctored displacements (using grayscale image).
- <br><br>
- If the overlay image contains transparency this is used as a mask
- of the resulting image to remove 'invalid' pixels.
- <br><br>
- The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
- overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
- percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
- <br><br>
- Special flags were added Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
- </td>
- </tr>
+<p>See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
+a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">distort</td>
- <td valign="top">Arguments:
- <em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em
- >[+<em class="arg">X-center</em>+<em class="arg">Y-center</em>]][!][%]
- <br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
- <br>Exactly as per 'Displace' (above), but using absolute coordinates,
- relative to the center of the overlay (or that given). Basically
- allows you to generate absolute distortion maps where 'black' will
- look up the left/top edge, and 'white' looks up the bottom/right
- edge of the destination image, according to the scale given.
- <br><br>
- The '!' flag not only switches percentage scaling, to use the
- destination image, but also the image the center offset of the lookup.
- This means the overlay can lookup a completely different region of the
- destination image.
- <br><br>
- Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
- </td>
- </tr>
-
- <tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top">blur</td>
- <td valign="top">Arguments:
- <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em
- >[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]
- <br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>"
- <a href="#blur-composite">-blur</a>
- <br>A Variable Blur Mapping Composition method, where each pixel in the
- overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA),
- with an ellipse (typically a circle) of the given sigma size, scaled
- according to overlay (source image) grayscale mapping.
- <br><br>
- As per 'Displace' and 'Distort', the red channel will modulate the
- width of the ellipse, while the green channel will modulate the height
- of the ellipse. However at this time the ellipse angle is not
- modulated though this may be a future posibility (perhaps with a
- special flag to enable use of blur channel for this purpose).
- <br><br>
- Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-0.
- </td>
- </tr>
+<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
+images together in some way. This includes the operators,
+<a href="#composite">-composite</a>,
+<a href="#layers">-layers</a> composite,
+<a href="#flatten">-flatten</a>,
+<a href="#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
+<a href="#layers">-layers</a> merge,
+<a href="#border">-border</a>,
+<a href="#frame">-frame</a>,
+and <a href="#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<p>To print a complete list of all the available compose operators, use <a href="#list">-list compose</a>.</p>
+<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<kbd>composite</kbd>"
+command. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="composite" id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on the current image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
-appropriatally for the compose method. </p>
+appropriately for the compose method. </p>
<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
->-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</kbd> (or
+>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</kbd> (or
prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
-setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
+setting is in use. Specif
ying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
<h4><a name="define" id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add coder/decoder specific options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add specific global settings generally used to control
+coders and image processing operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
+while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
+control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
+beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
+href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format)
+as "Artifacts". </p>
+
+<p>If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
+definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
+options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
+previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
+existing definitions.</p>
-<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use while reading and writing image data. Definitions may be passed to coders and decoders to control options that are specific to certain image formats. If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all existing definitions.</p>
+<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
+href="#set" >-set "option:<em class="arg">key</em>" "<em class="arg"
+>value</em>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
+Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
-<p>The following definitions may be created:</p>
+<p>Such settings are global in scope, and effect all images and operations. </p>
+
+<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
+available:</p>
<ul>
+
<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
- <dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the DCM image format.</dd><br />
+<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
+ DCM image format.</dd><br />
+
<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
- <dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g. <kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd><br />
+<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
+ <kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd><br />
+
<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
- <dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd><br />
+<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define
+ jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd><br />
+
<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
- <dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128. It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd><br />
+<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128.
+ It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
+ requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd><br />
+
<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
- <dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined, this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75 results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd><br />
+<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
+ compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
+ range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
+ this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
+ results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd><br />
+
<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd><br />
+
<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
- <dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale, indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image, you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>, <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index, which can range from 1 to 8. In such files, the color samples always have 8-bit depth.</dd><br />
+<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
+ encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
+ normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
+ quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
+ PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
+ can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
+ indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
+ you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
+ wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>,
+ <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to
+ reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
+ indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
+ which can range from 1 to 8. In such files, the color samples always have
+ 8-bit depth.</dd><br />
+
<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
- <dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask operator instead of the image operator.</dd><br />
+<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create
+ Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask
+ operator instead of the image operator.</dd><br />
+
<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
- <dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a single precision floating-point format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:).</dd>
+<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a floating-point
+ format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
+ to preserve negative values. If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
+ included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
+ If <a href="#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
+ double precision floating point format.</dd>
+
</ul>
-<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
+<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
+pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
-<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files, use:</p>
+<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
+<kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
+use:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
</p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="delay" id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
-will be used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
+is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
-it is also posible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
+it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
-easilly copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
+easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
into the overlay area. </p>
<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
-displacements can occur (positivally or negativally). However, if you also
+displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
-then the <em class="arg">composite image</em> will be used for horizontal X
+the <em class="arg">composite image</em> is used for horizontal X
displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
-any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimentional displacements, rather
-than a simple 1 dimentional vector displacements. </p>
+any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
+than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
-<p>Alternativally rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
+<p>Alteratively rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
</p>
-<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image will be used as a
+<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
-<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dipose</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
-is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it will become
+is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
</table>
- This is actually an alternative way of specifing a 2 dimensional linear
+ This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
- of control points (as defined below). Idealy 3 sets or 12 floating
+ of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
- rotation and scaling is performed, without any posible shearing,
+ rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
- alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing the
- calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can see
- the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a href="#verbose"
- >-verbose</a> setting. </td>
+ alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
+ the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
+ see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
+ href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other varients. </td>
</tr>
-<!-- still under development, do not display - Anthony
<tr valign="top">
- <td valign="top"><kbd>Bilinear</kbd></td>
+ <td valign="top"><kbd>BilinearForward</kbd><br/>
+ <kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd></td>
<td valign="top">
- Bilinear (reversed) Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of
- coordinate pairs, or 16 values (see below). Not that lines may not
- appear straight after distortion, though the distance between
- coordinates will remain consistant. </td>
+ Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
+ 16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
+ distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
+ consistent. <br/>
+
+ The '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' is used to map rectangles to any
+ quadrilateral, while the '<kbd>BilinearReverse</kbd>' form maps any
+ quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straigth line edges
+ in each case. <br/>
+
+ Note that '<kbd>BilinearForward</kbd>' can generate invalid pixels
+ which will be colored using the <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
+ color setting. Also if the quadraterial becomes 'flipped' the image
+ may dissappear. <br/>
+
+ There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
+ attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
+ preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
+
+ </td>
</tr>
--->
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd> </td>
<td valign="top">
- Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion basied on a set of 8
+ Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion biased on a set of 8
pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
- As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recomended some
+ As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
a high quality result. </td>
<td valign="top">
Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
href="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
- Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pincussion distortion appropriate to
+ Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
lines straight again. <br/>
of the radial polynomial,
so that it forms the function <br/>
Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>*r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>*r<sup>2</sup> +
- <em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )
+ <em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
+ Note that this is not the reverse of the '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>'
+ distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
+
</td>
</tr>
<td valign="top">
Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
- href="http://www.ems-i.com/smshelp/Data_Module/Interpolation/Inverse_Distance_Weighted.htm"
- >Shepards Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized'
- distortions of the image around the given control point. For best
- results extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of
- the corners and other unchanging parts of the image. <br/>
-
- The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, pins or
- sticks. It basically uses the <a href="#sparse-color"
- >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name to generate separate X and Y
- displacement maps (see <a href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source
- image color look-up. </td>
+ href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
+ Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
+ of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
+ the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
+ extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
+ corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
+ their movement. <br/>
+
+ The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
+ pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
+ position, distorting te surface of the jelly. <br/>
+
+ Internally it is equivelent to generating a displacement map (see <a
+ href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
+ the <a href="#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
+ </td>
</tr>
</table>
-<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list distort</a>.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list
+distort</a>.</p>
<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
understand.</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
- convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \ <br/>
- -distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \ <br/>
- rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
-<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for a
-distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to
-produce the best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the
-ideal number of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a
-simpler form of distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates
-(usally a linear '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
-
-<p>By using more coodinates you can make use of image registration tool to
-find matching coordinate pairs in overlaping images, so as to improve the 'fit'
-of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the 'fit'
-worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
+convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \<br/>
+ -distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \<br/>
+ rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
+<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
+a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
+best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
+of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
+distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usally a linear
+'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
+
+<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
+find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
+'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
+'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
-magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller), a
-special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
-produce a higher quality image. For example you can use a
-'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the
-way to the horizon. </p>
-
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \ <br/>
- -distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \ <br/>
- checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
+magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller),
+a special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
+produce a higher quality image. For example you can use
+a '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all
+the way to the horizon. </p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
+convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \<br/>
+ -distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \<br/>
+ checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
-the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you
-use the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the
-operator will attempt (if posible) to show the whole of the distorted image,
-while retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This
-offset may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove
-if it is unwanted. </p>
+the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
+the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
+will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
+retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
+may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
+is unwanted. </p>
<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
-above settings. It is algorithmically slower, though in ImageMagick it may be faster.
-</p>
+above settings. It is algorithmically slower however, though that may not be
+the case in ImageMagick's implementation. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighbouring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
+<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
</p>
-<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given dimensions. See <a href="#compose">-compose</a> for a description of the composite operators.</p>
+<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
+dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
+dimensions. See <a href="../www/compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
+a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="encoding" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
</thead>
<tbody>
+ <tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
+<p><kbd>Exp or Exponential</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and works on normalized pixel values. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Exp</kbd> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and thus outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The formula is expressed below. </p>
+
+ <div style="text-align:center;">
+ exp(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b>)
+ </div>
+
+<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a
+href="#-function" >-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be the result.</p>
+
<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
<div style="text-align:center;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
+<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
+display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
+image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \ <br /> -gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg</span></p>
+
<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
-<p>then the image will be <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
+<p>the image is <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
equivalent to:</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
-<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It
will be either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers" target="_blank">Complex Numbers</a>.<p>
+<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It
is either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers" target="_blank">Complex Numbers</a>.<p>
<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
-<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it
will be padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images will be square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
+<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it
is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
-<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> also will be square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</a>
+<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> is also square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</a>
<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
<h4><a name="filter" id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing or
+distorting an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image (see <a
-href="#resize">-resize</a>). For example you can use a simple resize filter
-such as:</p>
+<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
+operations such as <a href="#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="#distort"
+>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
<pre class="text">
Point Hermite Cubic
Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
</pre>
-<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided, but are
-by default <kbd>blackman</kbd>-windowed. However these filters define a
-windowing filter for the Sinc or Bessel filter function, as appropriate for
-the scaling operator used (usally Sinc for orthogonal <a href="#resize"
->-resize</a>). Windowed filters include: </p>
+<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided (as well
+as a faster <kbd>SincFast</kbd> equivalent form). However these filters are
+generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
+clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
+except via expert settings (see below). </p>
+
+Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
+function that the <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
+using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
+operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
<pre class="text">
Lanczos Hamming Parzen
<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
-<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to <kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
+<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
+<kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or
+if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
+<kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list filter</a> option.</p>
+<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list
+filter</a> option.</p>
<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
-use of these expert settings:</p>
+use of these expert settings (see also <a href="#define" >-define</a> and <a
+href="#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
<dl class="doc">
-<dt>-set filter:blur <em>factor</em></dt>
+<dt>-define filter:blur=<em>factor</em></dt>
<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
- blurry or < 1.0 for sharp.</dd>
-
-<dt>-set filter:support <em>radius</em></dt>
-<dd>Set the filter support radius.</dd>
-
-<dt>-set filter:lobes <em>count</em></dt>
+ blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
+ Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
+ results. </dd>
+
+<dt>-define filter:support=<em>radius</em></dt>
+<dd>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
+ thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
+ filters have a default 'prefered' support size. Some filters like
+ <kbd>Lagrange</kbd> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
+ this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
+ the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
+ </dd>
+
+<dt>-define filter:lobes=<em>count</em></dt>
<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
- alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter.</dd>
+ alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
+ designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
+ image distorts.</dd>
-<dt>-set filter:b <em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
-<dt>-set filter:c <em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
+<dt>-define filter:b=<em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
+<dt>-define filter:c=<em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
- filter.
+ filter. Values meaning was defined by a research paper by
+ Mitchell-Netravali.
-<dt>-set filter:filter <em>filter</em></dt>
+<dt>-define filter:filter=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
- you to directly use a 'windowing filter' such as <kbd>blackman</kbd>,
+ you to directly use a windowing filter such as <kbd>Blackman</kbd>,
rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
- 'Bessel'. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the following
- expert setting is also defined.</dd>
-
-<dt>-set filter:window <em>filter</em></dt>
-<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>bessel</kbd> and
- <kbd>sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
- support range) with the given filter. This allows you to use a filter that
- is not normally used as a windowing function, such as <kbd>box</kbd>,
- (which effectivally turns off the windowing function). </dd>
+ 'Bessel' functions. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the
+ following expert setting is also defined.</dd>
+
+<dt>-define filter:window=<em>filter_function</em></dt>
+<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and
+ <kbd>Sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
+ support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
+ function that is not normally used as a windowing function, such as
+ <kbd>Box</kbd>, (which effectively turns off the windowing function),
+ to window a <kbd>Sinc</kbd>, or the function the previous setting defined.
+ </dd>
+
+<dt>-define filter:verbose=<em>1</em></dt>
+<dd>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
+ selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
+ filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
+ easily graphed. </dd>
+
+<dd>Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other
+ filters. The <kbd>Lanczos</kbd> filter for example is defined in terms of
+ a <kbd>SincFast</kbd> windowed <kbd>SincFast</kbd> filter, while
+ <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> is defined as a <kbd>Cubic</kbd> filter with specific
+ 'B' and 'C' settings. </dd>
</dl>
-<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Lanczos-Bessel filter:</p>
+<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Bessel windowed Bessel filter:</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
-filters), are provided for image processing experts who have studied and
-understood how resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an
-understanding of the defination of the actual filters involved, using expert
-settings are more likely to be detremental to your image resizing.</p>
+filters, and 'verbose' for viewing the internal filter selection), are
+provided for image processing experts who have studied and understood how
+resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an understanding of the
+definition of the actual filters involved, using expert settings are more
+likely to be detrimental to your image resizing.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
+<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor"
+>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
+
+<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em
+class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
+height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
+in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is
+a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that
+the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
+thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
+<em>y</em> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
+</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
+href="#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
+'<kbd>Over</kbd>' composition method. It generates a image of the appropriate
+size with the current <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
+draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
+href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
+center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
+'<kbd>Over</kbd>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
+href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness <em>y</em> pixels. (Negative offsets make no sense here.) The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
+<p>The image composition is not
+affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
+<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
+<em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value. The formula is:</p>
<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
</div>
-<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. Specify a radius of 0 and ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value is the important argument, and
+determines the actual amount of bluring that will take place. </p>
+
+<p>The <em class="arg" >Radius</em> is only used to determine the size of the
+array which will hold the calculated gaussian distribution. It should be an
+integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
+radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
+</p>
+
+<p>The larger the <em class="arg" >Radius</em> the radius the slower the
+operation is. However too small a <em class="arg" >Radius</em>, and sever
+aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <em class="arg" >Radius</em>
+should be at least twice the <em class="arg" >Sigma</em> value, though three
+times will produce a more accurite result. </p>
<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
-full 2-dimentional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
-neighbouring pixels. </p>
+full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
+neighboring pixels. </p>
<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="/www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
-<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> preceds this option, copious
+<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
image histogram, and others.</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
-<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding will be at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.
+<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.
<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-interger floating point
+<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG, MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
+<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
+or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
+a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
+MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
-<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript image. </p>
+<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label
+assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
+image. </p>
-<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="#format">-format</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
+<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
+attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image
+Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
</p>
-<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the "<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
+<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the
+"<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
+is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
+existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
+from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
-<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
+<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
+via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
+visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or
+during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
-<p>The label font can be specified with <a href="#font">-font</a>, and the
-other font attribute settings.</p>
-
-<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
+<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em
+class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
+remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
+formatting characters are recognized.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according to
- <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual canvas
- size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
+ <tr><td></td>
+ <td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
+ to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
+ canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
- added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td>
- </tr>
+ added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
+ <tr><td></td>
+ <td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
preserved. </td>
image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
+ <tr><td></td>
+ <td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
</tr>
- <tr><td></td><td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
+ <tr><td></td>
+ <td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
transparency from an image.</td>
</tr>
<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
- virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by defination, image layers
+ virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by definition, image layers
with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
edges.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
- offset but without knowning the final canvas size. The resulting image
+ offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The resulting image
will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
any image file format. </td>
</tr>
result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
- however you can get a vast improvment in the final animation size. </td>
+ however you can get a vast improvement in the final animation size. </td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash seperated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
value value for each color channel is determined by the
'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
-<p>This effectivally means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
-is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectivally, with all the other
+<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
+is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
-adjusted separatally using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
+adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
-respectivally, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
+respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
-respectivally. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
+respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
color (+ form). </p>
-limit area 10mb
</p>
-<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertedly upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
+<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
<p class="crtsnip">
-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<pre class="text">
+ Align
+ Alpha
+ Boolean
+ Channel
+ Class
+ ClipPath
+ Coder
+ Color
+ Colorspace
+ Command
+ Compose
+ Compress
+ Configure
+ DataType
+ Debug
+ Decoration
+ Delegate
+ Direction
+ Dispose
+ Distort
+ Dither
+ Endian
+ Evaluate
+ FillRule
+ Filter
+ Font
+ Format
+ Function
+ Gravity
+ ImageList
+ Intent
+ Interlace
+ Interpolate
+ Kernel
Layers
LineCap
LineJoin
VirtualPixel
</pre>
-<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments available:</p>
+<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
+list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
+available:</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
+<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
+href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
-<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format characters:</p>
+<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
+characters:</p>
<pre class="text">
%d domain
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times, otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em> times.</p>
+<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
+otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em>
+times.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="lowlight-color" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
blue
</pre>
-<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in <kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
+<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
+Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
+the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
+<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
+class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
p pad component (always 0)
</pre>
-<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g. bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
+<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
+bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="mask" id="mask"></a>-mask
<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
-<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
+<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
+style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="maximum" id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
<p>Choose from:</p>
<pre class="text">
- AE absolute number of different pixels
- MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
- MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
- MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
- PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
- PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
- RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
+ AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
+ MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
+ MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
+ MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
+ PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
+ PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
+ RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
</pre>
<p>The '<kbd>AE</kbd>' or absolute count of pixels that are different, can be
-controled using a <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor to ignore pixels which
+control
led using a <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor to ignore pixels which
only changed by a small amount. The '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' can be used to find the
size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
-'similar'. </p>
+'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' can be used to find out the factor needed
+for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
-normalized) from the single comparision run. </p>
+normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
+
+<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
+metrics</a> option.</p>
-<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list metrics</a> option.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="minimum" id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
-<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame, Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
+<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
+Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
-<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>'
-argument for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available
-in your ImageMagick installation.</p>
+<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
+for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
+ImageMagick installation.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="modulate" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em
+class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <A
+HREF="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
+Morphology</A>. </P>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="mosaic" id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
</div>
direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
-definate sense of direction of movement. </p>
+definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
-setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
+setting is in use. Specif
ying any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</A> for more details.
<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
<pre class="text">
- threshold
- checks
- o2x2
- o3x3
- o4x4
- o8x8
- h4x4a
- h6x6a
- h8x8a
- h4x4o
- h6x6o
- h8x8o
- h16x16o
+threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
+checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
+o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
+o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
+o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
+o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
+h4x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
+h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
+h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
+h4x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
+h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
+h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
+h16x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
+c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
+c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
+c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
+c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
+c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
+c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
</pre>
-<p>The '<kbd>o</kbd>' maps are ordered diffused pixel threshold maps, while the
-'<kbd>h</kbd>' maps are halftone threshold maps which are either 'a' angled, or
-'o' orthogonal. The '<kbd>checks</kbd>' produce a 3 level checkerbord dither
+<p> The <kbd>checks</kbd> pattern produces a 3 level checkerbord dither
pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
-personal or system "<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd>" XML file. </p>
+personal or system <kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd> XML file. </p>
<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
threshold</a> option.</p>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is
0 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 85. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
+<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is
1 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 92. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
-<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 85 results in a request for 16:1 compression. The quality value 100 results in a request for non-lossy compression.</p>
+<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
-<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression levels range from 0 (fastest compression) to 100 (best but slowest). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression.</p>
+<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression. The default PNG compression is 75.</p>
<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
-<p>The default is quality is 85, which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
+<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
-<p>When writing a JNG image with transparency, two quality values are required, one for the main image and one for the grayscale image that conveys the alpha channel. These are written as a single integer equal to the main image quality plus 1000 times the opacity quality. For example, if you want to use quality 85 for the main image and quality 90 to compress the opacity data, use <a href="#quality">-quality 90085</a>.</p>
-
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="quantize" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors in this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors using this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use the <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a> option.</p>
+<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
+of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
+href="#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reducion also happens
+automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
+GIF, and PNG8.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="sample" id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale image using pixel sampling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p><a href="#sample">-sample</a> ignores the current <a href="#resize">-resize</a> <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. The results are equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd>, though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster. </p>
+<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
+image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When minifying,
+pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped over). </p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
+<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
+a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd> (nearest
+neighbour), though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
+avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
+the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
+
+<p>The key feature of the <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
+will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
+
+<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
+ignored, unlike <a href="#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>minify/magnify the image using pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
+together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifing. </p>
+
+<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with
+a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>box</kbd>. Though it is a lot
+faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
+completely ignores the current <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
+
+<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
+multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels avergaed together to
+produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
+a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
+noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
+light conditions. </p>
-<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#scale">-scale</a> option uses a simpler, faster algorithm than <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, and it ignores the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting if one is present. Offsets, if present in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="scene" id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
<h4><a name="selective-blur" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
</div>
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a name="selective-blur" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
+</div>
+
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> or as a percentage.</p>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="separate" id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
</div>
<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
- <h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">attribute value</em></h4>
+ <h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">key value</em></h4>
+ <h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>+set <em class="arg">key</em></h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set an image attribute for all images in the current image sequence, after they have been created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sets image attributes and properties for images in the current
+image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
+<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
+in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="#set">+set</a> form of the
+option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
+appropriate. </p>
+
+<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
+'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
+href="#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
+href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
+assigned before the image is read in, by using a <em class="arg">key</em> of
+the same name. </p>
+
+<p>If the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match a specific known
+'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
+'properity' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="#verbose"
+>-verbose</a> information ("<kbd>info:</kbd>" output format) as "Properties".
+</p>
+
+<p>This includes string 'properities' that are set by and assigned to images
+using the options <a href="#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="#label"
+>-label</a>, <a href="#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
+a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent
+Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
+<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format and Print Image
+Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \</span><span class='crtout'> -format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:</span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23</span></p>
+<p>Other well known 'properities' that can be include:
+'<kbd>date:create</kbd>' and '<kbd>date:modify</kbd>' and
+'<kbd>signature</kbd>'. </p>
+
+<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
+the '<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
+see <a href="#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
+control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="#set">-set page</a>
+option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<kbd>page</kbd>'
+attribute. </p>
-<p>Attributes of interest include <a href="#comment">-comment</a>, <a href="#delay">-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a>, and <a href="#page">-page</a>. For example:</p>
+<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
+For example,</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
+<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
+example only 'properties' prefixed with "<kbd>filename:</kbd>" can be used to
+modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'</span></p>
+<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<kbd>option:</kbd>" the setting will
+be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
+href="#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are globel in scope, they
+can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properities' of one specific image,
+in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
+the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
+
+<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \</span><span class='crtout'> label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif</span></p>
+<p>Note that <a href="../www/escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
+a 'artifact' if the given <em class="arg">key</em> does not match an existing
+'attribute' or 'properity'. </p>
+
+<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
+with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
-<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' \ <br/> rose.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
-<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also set the
-'<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of images already in memory, but allows you to
-separately set the virtual canvas's size and offset components, and also allows
-relative offset changes, and automatic canvas size re-calculating. The above
-<a href="#set">-set</a> option is purely a direct, unmodified assignment of the
-virtual canvas (page) meta-data. </p>
-<p>Set image options by prefixing the value with <kbd>option:</kbd>. Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="shade" id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top">shepards</td>
- <td valign="top">Colors points basied on the ratio of inverse distance
+ <td valign="top">Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
colors. </td>
</tr>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from the following.</p>
+<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
+the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from
+the following.</p>
<pre class="text">
Any
<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a name="subimage-search" id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>search for subimage.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
+
+<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
+of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
+(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
+be the "match score" image.</p>
+
+<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
+position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
+be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
+this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
+reported. Note that this may or may nor be a perfect match, and the actual
+brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
+possible matching loctions. </p>
+
+<p>Note that the search will try to compare teh sub-image at every possible
+location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
+sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="swap" id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
</div>
<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
-<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch the last two images in the sequence.</p>
+<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
+images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch
+the last two images in the sequence.</p>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="swirl" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
+<div style="margin: auto;">
+ <h4><a name="synchronize" id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h4>
+</div>
+
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>synchronize image to storage device.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="taint" id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified even if it isn't.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="text-font" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
+
+<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
+href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
+
+
<div style="margin: auto;">
<h4><a name="transparent" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
</div>
<h4><a name="verbose" id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
</div>
-<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option preceds the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
+<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option preced
es the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
<div style="margin: auto;">
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