]> granicus.if.org Git - postgresql/blobdiff - src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c
Create the planner mechanism for optimizing simple MIN and MAX queries
[postgresql] / src / backend / optimizer / plan / planner.c
index 2c1081f2677ac7ddefaf9c24cbc63316c708dc76..b542fef61e26a697c1fbd44dec2be43147456b70 100644 (file)
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
  * planner.c
  *       The query optimizer external interface.
  *
- * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
  *
  *
  * IDENTIFICATION
- *       $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c,v 1.131 2002/11/26 03:01:58 tgl Exp $
+ *       $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/plan/planner.c,v 1.184 2005/04/11 23:06:55 tgl Exp $
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
 
 #include <limits.h>
 
+#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "executor/executor.h"
+#include "executor/nodeAgg.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
 #ifdef OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
 #include "optimizer/subselect.h"
 #include "optimizer/tlist.h"
 #include "optimizer/var.h"
-#include "parser/analyze.h"
 #include "parser/parsetree.h"
 #include "parser/parse_expr.h"
-#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h"
-#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
+#include "parser/parse_oper.h"
 #include "utils/selfuncs.h"
+#include "utils/syscache.h"
+
+
+ParamListInfo PlannerBoundParamList = NULL;            /* current boundParams */
 
 
 /* Expression kind codes for preprocess_expression */
-#define EXPRKIND_TARGET 0
-#define EXPRKIND_WHERE 1
-#define EXPRKIND_HAVING 2
+#define EXPRKIND_QUAL  0
+#define EXPRKIND_TARGET 1
+#define EXPRKIND_RTFUNC 2
+#define EXPRKIND_LIMIT 3
+#define EXPRKIND_ININFO 4
 
 
-static Node *pull_up_subqueries(Query *parse, Node *jtnode,
-                                  bool below_outer_join);
-static bool is_simple_subquery(Query *subquery);
-static bool has_nullable_targetlist(Query *subquery);
-static void resolvenew_in_jointree(Node *jtnode, int varno, List *subtlist);
-static Node *preprocess_jointree(Query *parse, Node *jtnode);
 static Node *preprocess_expression(Query *parse, Node *expr, int kind);
 static void preprocess_qual_conditions(Query *parse, Node *jtnode);
 static Plan *inheritance_planner(Query *parse, List *inheritlist);
 static Plan *grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction);
+static bool choose_hashed_grouping(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction,
+                                          Path *cheapest_path, Path *sorted_path,
+                                          List *sort_pathkeys, List *group_pathkeys,
+                                          double dNumGroups, AggClauseCounts *agg_counts);
+static bool hash_safe_grouping(Query *parse);
 static List *make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse, List *tlist,
-                                          AttrNumber **groupColIdx);
-static Plan *make_groupsortplan(Query *parse,
-                                                               List *groupClause,
-                                                               AttrNumber *grpColIdx,
-                                                               Plan *subplan);
+                                          AttrNumber **groupColIdx, bool *need_tlist_eval);
+static void locate_grouping_columns(Query *parse,
+                                               List *tlist,
+                                               List *sub_tlist,
+                                               AttrNumber *groupColIdx);
 static List *postprocess_setop_tlist(List *new_tlist, List *orig_tlist);
 
 
@@ -72,19 +78,25 @@ static List *postprocess_setop_tlist(List *new_tlist, List *orig_tlist);
  *
  *****************************************************************************/
 Plan *
-planner(Query *parse)
+planner(Query *parse, bool isCursor, int cursorOptions,
+               ParamListInfo boundParams)
 {
+       double          tuple_fraction;
        Plan       *result_plan;
        Index           save_PlannerQueryLevel;
-       List       *save_PlannerParamVar;
+       List       *save_PlannerParamList;
+       ParamListInfo save_PlannerBoundParamList;
 
        /*
         * The planner can be called recursively (an example is when
         * eval_const_expressions tries to pre-evaluate an SQL function). So,
         * these global state variables must be saved and restored.
         *
-        * These vars cannot be moved into the Query structure since their whole
-        * purpose is communication across multiple sub-Queries.
+        * Query level and the param list cannot be moved into the Query
+        * structure since their whole purpose is communication across
+        * multiple sub-Queries. Also, boundParams is explicitly info from
+        * outside the Query, and so is likewise better handled as a global
+        * variable.
         *
         * Note we do NOT save and restore PlannerPlanId: it exists to assign
         * unique IDs to SubPlan nodes, and we want those IDs to be unique for
@@ -92,26 +104,56 @@ planner(Query *parse)
         * subquery_planner, not here.
         */
        save_PlannerQueryLevel = PlannerQueryLevel;
-       save_PlannerParamVar = PlannerParamVar;
+       save_PlannerParamList = PlannerParamList;
+       save_PlannerBoundParamList = PlannerBoundParamList;
 
        /* Initialize state for handling outer-level references and params */
        PlannerQueryLevel = 0;          /* will be 1 in top-level subquery_planner */
-       PlannerParamVar = NIL;
+       PlannerParamList = NIL;
+       PlannerBoundParamList = boundParams;
+
+       /* Determine what fraction of the plan is likely to be scanned */
+       if (isCursor)
+       {
+               /*
+                * We have no real idea how many tuples the user will ultimately
+                * FETCH from a cursor, but it seems a good bet that he doesn't
+                * want 'em all.  Optimize for 10% retrieval (you gotta better
+                * number?      Should this be a SETtable parameter?)
+                */
+               tuple_fraction = 0.10;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               /* Default assumption is we need all the tuples */
+               tuple_fraction = 0.0;
+       }
 
        /* primary planning entry point (may recurse for subqueries) */
-       result_plan = subquery_planner(parse, -1.0 /* default case */ );
+       result_plan = subquery_planner(parse, tuple_fraction);
 
        Assert(PlannerQueryLevel == 0);
 
+       /*
+        * If creating a plan for a scrollable cursor, make sure it can run
+        * backwards on demand.  Add a Material node at the top at need.
+        */
+       if (isCursor && (cursorOptions & CURSOR_OPT_SCROLL))
+       {
+               if (!ExecSupportsBackwardScan(result_plan))
+                       result_plan = materialize_finished_plan(result_plan);
+       }
+
        /* executor wants to know total number of Params used overall */
-       result_plan->nParamExec = length(PlannerParamVar);
+       result_plan->nParamExec = list_length(PlannerParamList);
 
        /* final cleanup of the plan */
        set_plan_references(result_plan, parse->rtable);
 
        /* restore state for outer planner, if any */
        PlannerQueryLevel = save_PlannerQueryLevel;
-       PlannerParamVar = save_PlannerParamVar;
+       PlannerParamList = save_PlannerParamList;
+       PlannerBoundParamList = save_PlannerBoundParamList;
 
        return result_plan;
 }
@@ -143,44 +185,66 @@ subquery_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
 {
        List       *saved_initplan = PlannerInitPlan;
        int                     saved_planid = PlannerPlanId;
+       bool            hasOuterJoins;
        Plan       *plan;
        List       *newHaving;
        List       *lst;
+       ListCell   *l;
 
        /* Set up for a new level of subquery */
        PlannerQueryLevel++;
        PlannerInitPlan = NIL;
 
        /*
-        * Check to see if any subqueries in the rangetable can be merged into
-        * this query.
+        * Look for IN clauses at the top level of WHERE, and transform them
+        * into joins.  Note that this step only handles IN clauses originally
+        * at top level of WHERE; if we pull up any subqueries in the next
+        * step, their INs are processed just before pulling them up.
         */
-       parse->jointree = (FromExpr *)
-               pull_up_subqueries(parse, (Node *) parse->jointree, false);
+       parse->in_info_list = NIL;
+       if (parse->hasSubLinks)
+               parse->jointree->quals = pull_up_IN_clauses(parse,
+                                                                                                parse->jointree->quals);
 
        /*
-        * If so, we may have created opportunities to simplify the jointree.
+        * Check to see if any subqueries in the rangetable can be merged into
+        * this query.
         */
        parse->jointree = (FromExpr *)
-               preprocess_jointree(parse, (Node *) parse->jointree);
+               pull_up_subqueries(parse, (Node *) parse->jointree, false);
 
        /*
-        * Detect whether any rangetable entries are RTE_JOIN kind; if not,
-        * we can avoid the expense of doing flatten_join_alias_vars().
-        * This must be done after we have done pull_up_subqueries, of course.
+        * Detect whether any rangetable entries are RTE_JOIN kind; if not, we
+        * can avoid the expense of doing flatten_join_alias_vars().  Also
+        * check for outer joins --- if none, we can skip
+        * reduce_outer_joins(). This must be done after we have done
+        * pull_up_subqueries, of course.
         */
        parse->hasJoinRTEs = false;
-       foreach(lst, parse->rtable)
+       hasOuterJoins = false;
+       foreach(l, parse->rtable)
        {
-               RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(lst);
+               RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(l);
 
                if (rte->rtekind == RTE_JOIN)
                {
                        parse->hasJoinRTEs = true;
-                       break;
+                       if (IS_OUTER_JOIN(rte->jointype))
+                       {
+                               hasOuterJoins = true;
+                               /* Can quit scanning once we find an outer join */
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
        }
 
+       /*
+        * Set hasHavingQual to remember if HAVING clause is present.  Needed
+        * because preprocess_expression will reduce a constant-true condition
+        * to an empty qual list ... but "HAVING TRUE" is not a semantic no-op.
+        */
+       parse->hasHavingQual = (parse->havingQual != NULL);
+
        /*
         * Do expression preprocessing on targetlist and quals.
         */
@@ -191,95 +255,118 @@ subquery_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
        preprocess_qual_conditions(parse, (Node *) parse->jointree);
 
        parse->havingQual = preprocess_expression(parse, parse->havingQual,
-                                                                                         EXPRKIND_HAVING);
+                                                                                         EXPRKIND_QUAL);
+
+       parse->limitOffset = preprocess_expression(parse, parse->limitOffset,
+                                                                                          EXPRKIND_LIMIT);
+       parse->limitCount = preprocess_expression(parse, parse->limitCount,
+                                                                                         EXPRKIND_LIMIT);
+
+       parse->in_info_list = (List *)
+               preprocess_expression(parse, (Node *) parse->in_info_list,
+                                                         EXPRKIND_ININFO);
 
        /* Also need to preprocess expressions for function RTEs */
-       foreach(lst, parse->rtable)
+       foreach(l, parse->rtable)
        {
-               RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(lst);
+               RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(l);
 
                if (rte->rtekind == RTE_FUNCTION)
                        rte->funcexpr = preprocess_expression(parse, rte->funcexpr,
-                                                                                                 EXPRKIND_TARGET);
-               /* These are not targetlist items, but close enough... */
+                                                                                                 EXPRKIND_RTFUNC);
        }
 
        /*
-        * Check for ungrouped variables passed to subplans in targetlist and
-        * HAVING clause (but not in WHERE or JOIN/ON clauses, since those are
-        * evaluated before grouping).  We can't do this any earlier because
-        * we must use the preprocessed targetlist for comparisons of grouped
-        * expressions.
-        */
-       if (parse->hasSubLinks &&
-               (parse->groupClause != NIL || parse->hasAggs))
-               check_subplans_for_ungrouped_vars(parse);
-
-       /*
-        * A HAVING clause without aggregates is equivalent to a WHERE clause
-        * (except it can only refer to grouped fields).  Transfer any
-        * agg-free clauses of the HAVING qual into WHERE.      This may seem like
-        * wasting cycles to cater to stupidly-written queries, but there are
-        * other reasons for doing it.  Firstly, if the query contains no aggs
-        * at all, then we aren't going to generate an Agg plan node, and so
-        * there'll be no place to execute HAVING conditions; without this
-        * transfer, we'd lose the HAVING condition entirely, which is wrong.
-        * Secondly, when we push down a qual condition into a sub-query, it's
-        * easiest to push the qual into HAVING always, in case it contains
-        * aggs, and then let this code sort it out.
+        * In some cases we may want to transfer a HAVING clause into WHERE.
+        * We cannot do so if the HAVING clause contains aggregates (obviously)
+        * or volatile functions (since a HAVING clause is supposed to be executed
+        * only once per group).  Also, it may be that the clause is so expensive
+        * to execute that we're better off doing it only once per group, despite
+        * the loss of selectivity.  This is hard to estimate short of doing the
+        * entire planning process twice, so we use a heuristic: clauses
+        * containing subplans are left in HAVING.  Otherwise, we move or copy
+        * the HAVING clause into WHERE, in hopes of eliminating tuples before
+        * aggregation instead of after.
+        *
+        * If the query has explicit grouping then we can simply move such a
+        * clause into WHERE; any group that fails the clause will not be
+        * in the output because none of its tuples will reach the grouping
+        * or aggregation stage.  Otherwise we must have a degenerate
+        * (variable-free) HAVING clause, which we put in WHERE so that
+        * query_planner() can use it in a gating Result node, but also keep
+        * in HAVING to ensure that we don't emit a bogus aggregated row.
+        * (This could be done better, but it seems not worth optimizing.)
         *
         * Note that both havingQual and parse->jointree->quals are in
         * implicitly-ANDed-list form at this point, even though they are
-        * declared as Node *.  Also note that contain_agg_clause does not
-        * recurse into sub-selects, which is exactly what we need here.
+        * declared as Node *.
         */
        newHaving = NIL;
-       foreach(lst, (List *) parse->havingQual)
+       foreach(l, (List *) parse->havingQual)
        {
-               Node       *havingclause = (Node *) lfirst(lst);
+               Node       *havingclause = (Node *) lfirst(l);
 
-               if (contain_agg_clause(havingclause))
+               if (contain_agg_clause(havingclause) ||
+                       contain_volatile_functions(havingclause) ||
+                       contain_subplans(havingclause))
+               {
+                       /* keep it in HAVING */
                        newHaving = lappend(newHaving, havingclause);
-               else
+               }
+               else if (parse->groupClause)
+               {
+                       /* move it to WHERE */
                        parse->jointree->quals = (Node *)
                                lappend((List *) parse->jointree->quals, havingclause);
+               }
+               else
+               {
+                       /* put a copy in WHERE, keep it in HAVING */
+                       parse->jointree->quals = (Node *)
+                               lappend((List *) parse->jointree->quals,
+                                               copyObject(havingclause));
+                       newHaving = lappend(newHaving, havingclause);
+               }
        }
        parse->havingQual = (Node *) newHaving;
 
+       /*
+        * If we have any outer joins, try to reduce them to plain inner
+        * joins. This step is most easily done after we've done expression
+        * preprocessing.
+        */
+       if (hasOuterJoins)
+               reduce_outer_joins(parse);
+
+       /*
+        * See if we can simplify the jointree; opportunities for this may
+        * come from having pulled up subqueries, or from flattening explicit
+        * JOIN syntax.  We must do this after flattening JOIN alias
+        * variables, since eliminating explicit JOIN nodes from the jointree
+        * will cause get_relids_for_join() to fail.  But it should happen
+        * after reduce_outer_joins, anyway.
+        */
+       parse->jointree = (FromExpr *)
+               simplify_jointree(parse, (Node *) parse->jointree);
+
        /*
         * Do the main planning.  If we have an inherited target relation,
         * that needs special processing, else go straight to
         * grouping_planner.
         */
        if (parse->resultRelation &&
-        (lst = expand_inherted_rtentry(parse, parse->resultRelation, false))
-               != NIL)
+               (lst = expand_inherited_rtentry(parse, parse->resultRelation)) != NIL)
                plan = inheritance_planner(parse, lst);
        else
                plan = grouping_planner(parse, tuple_fraction);
 
        /*
         * If any subplans were generated, or if we're inside a subplan, build
-        * subPlan, extParam and locParam lists for plan nodes.
+        * initPlan list and extParam/allParam sets for plan nodes, and attach
+        * the initPlans to the top plan node.
         */
        if (PlannerPlanId != saved_planid || PlannerQueryLevel > 1)
-       {
-               (void) SS_finalize_plan(plan, parse->rtable);
-
-               /*
-                * At the moment, SS_finalize_plan doesn't handle initPlans and so
-                * we assign them to the topmost plan node.
-                */
-               plan->initPlan = PlannerInitPlan;
-               /* Must add the initPlans' extParams to the topmost node's, too */
-               foreach(lst, plan->initPlan)
-               {
-                       SubPlan    *subplan = (SubPlan *) lfirst(lst);
-
-                       plan->extParam = set_unioni(plan->extParam,
-                                                                               subplan->plan->extParam);
-               }
-       }
+               SS_finalize_plan(plan, parse->rtable);
 
        /* Return to outer subquery context */
        PlannerQueryLevel--;
@@ -289,423 +376,6 @@ subquery_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
        return plan;
 }
 
-/*
- * pull_up_subqueries
- *             Look for subqueries in the rangetable that can be pulled up into
- *             the parent query.  If the subquery has no special features like
- *             grouping/aggregation then we can merge it into the parent's jointree.
- *
- * below_outer_join is true if this jointree node is within the nullable
- * side of an outer join.  This restricts what we can do.
- *
- * A tricky aspect of this code is that if we pull up a subquery we have
- * to replace Vars that reference the subquery's outputs throughout the
- * parent query, including quals attached to jointree nodes above the one
- * we are currently processing!  We handle this by being careful not to
- * change the jointree structure while recursing: no nodes other than
- * subquery RangeTblRef entries will be replaced.  Also, we can't turn
- * ResolveNew loose on the whole jointree, because it'll return a mutated
- * copy of the tree; we have to invoke it just on the quals, instead.
- */
-static Node *
-pull_up_subqueries(Query *parse, Node *jtnode, bool below_outer_join)
-{
-       if (jtnode == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       if (IsA(jtnode, RangeTblRef))
-       {
-               int                     varno = ((RangeTblRef *) jtnode)->rtindex;
-               RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(varno, parse->rtable);
-               Query      *subquery = rte->subquery;
-
-               /*
-                * Is this a subquery RTE, and if so, is the subquery simple
-                * enough to pull up?  (If not, do nothing at this node.)
-                *
-                * If we are inside an outer join, only pull up subqueries whose
-                * targetlists are nullable --- otherwise substituting their tlist
-                * entries for upper Var references would do the wrong thing (the
-                * results wouldn't become NULL when they're supposed to). XXX
-                * This could be improved by generating pseudo-variables for such
-                * expressions; we'd have to figure out how to get the pseudo-
-                * variables evaluated at the right place in the modified plan
-                * tree. Fix it someday.
-                *
-                * Note: even if the subquery itself is simple enough, we can't pull
-                * it up if there is a reference to its whole tuple result.
-                * Perhaps a pseudo-variable is the answer here too.
-                */
-               if (rte->rtekind == RTE_SUBQUERY && is_simple_subquery(subquery) &&
-                       (!below_outer_join || has_nullable_targetlist(subquery)) &&
-                       !contain_whole_tuple_var((Node *) parse, varno, 0))
-               {
-                       int                     rtoffset;
-                       List       *subtlist;
-                       List       *rt;
-
-                       /*
-                        * First, recursively pull up the subquery's subqueries, so
-                        * that this routine's processing is complete for its jointree
-                        * and rangetable.      NB: if the same subquery is referenced
-                        * from multiple jointree items (which can't happen normally,
-                        * but might after rule rewriting), then we will invoke this
-                        * processing multiple times on that subquery.  OK because
-                        * nothing will happen after the first time.  We do have to be
-                        * careful to copy everything we pull up, however, or risk
-                        * having chunks of structure multiply linked.
-                        */
-                       subquery->jointree = (FromExpr *)
-                               pull_up_subqueries(subquery, (Node *) subquery->jointree,
-                                                                  below_outer_join);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Now make a modifiable copy of the subquery that we can run
-                        * OffsetVarNodes and IncrementVarSublevelsUp on.
-                        */
-                       subquery = copyObject(subquery);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Adjust level-0 varnos in subquery so that we can append its
-                        * rangetable to upper query's.
-                        */
-                       rtoffset = length(parse->rtable);
-                       OffsetVarNodes((Node *) subquery, rtoffset, 0);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Upper-level vars in subquery are now one level closer to their
-                        * parent than before.
-                        */
-                       IncrementVarSublevelsUp((Node *) subquery, -1, 1);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Replace all of the top query's references to the subquery's
-                        * outputs with copies of the adjusted subtlist items, being
-                        * careful not to replace any of the jointree structure.
-                        * (This'd be a lot cleaner if we could use
-                        * query_tree_mutator.)
-                        */
-                       subtlist = subquery->targetList;
-                       parse->targetList = (List *)
-                               ResolveNew((Node *) parse->targetList,
-                                                  varno, 0, subtlist, CMD_SELECT, 0);
-                       resolvenew_in_jointree((Node *) parse->jointree, varno, subtlist);
-                       Assert(parse->setOperations == NULL);
-                       parse->havingQual =
-                               ResolveNew(parse->havingQual,
-                                                  varno, 0, subtlist, CMD_SELECT, 0);
-
-                       foreach(rt, parse->rtable)
-                       {
-                               RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(rt);
-
-                               if (rte->rtekind == RTE_JOIN)
-                                       rte->joinaliasvars = (List *)
-                                               ResolveNew((Node *) rte->joinaliasvars,
-                                                                  varno, 0, subtlist, CMD_SELECT, 0);
-                       }
-
-                       /*
-                        * Now append the adjusted rtable entries to upper query. (We
-                        * hold off until after fixing the upper rtable entries; no
-                        * point in running that code on the subquery ones too.)
-                        */
-                       parse->rtable = nconc(parse->rtable, subquery->rtable);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Pull up any FOR UPDATE markers, too.  (OffsetVarNodes
-                        * already adjusted the marker values, so just nconc the
-                        * list.)
-                        */
-                       parse->rowMarks = nconc(parse->rowMarks, subquery->rowMarks);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Miscellaneous housekeeping.
-                        */
-                       parse->hasSubLinks |= subquery->hasSubLinks;
-                       /* subquery won't be pulled up if it hasAggs, so no work there */
-
-                       /*
-                        * Return the adjusted subquery jointree to replace the
-                        * RangeTblRef entry in my jointree.
-                        */
-                       return (Node *) subquery->jointree;
-               }
-       }
-       else if (IsA(jtnode, FromExpr))
-       {
-               FromExpr   *f = (FromExpr *) jtnode;
-               List       *l;
-
-               foreach(l, f->fromlist)
-                       lfirst(l) = pull_up_subqueries(parse, lfirst(l),
-                                                                                  below_outer_join);
-       }
-       else if (IsA(jtnode, JoinExpr))
-       {
-               JoinExpr   *j = (JoinExpr *) jtnode;
-
-               /* Recurse, being careful to tell myself when inside outer join */
-               switch (j->jointype)
-               {
-                       case JOIN_INNER:
-                               j->larg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->larg,
-                                                                                        below_outer_join);
-                               j->rarg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->rarg,
-                                                                                        below_outer_join);
-                               break;
-                       case JOIN_LEFT:
-                               j->larg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->larg,
-                                                                                        below_outer_join);
-                               j->rarg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->rarg,
-                                                                                        true);
-                               break;
-                       case JOIN_FULL:
-                               j->larg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->larg,
-                                                                                        true);
-                               j->rarg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->rarg,
-                                                                                        true);
-                               break;
-                       case JOIN_RIGHT:
-                               j->larg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->larg,
-                                                                                        true);
-                               j->rarg = pull_up_subqueries(parse, j->rarg,
-                                                                                        below_outer_join);
-                               break;
-                       case JOIN_UNION:
-
-                               /*
-                                * This is where we fail if upper levels of planner
-                                * haven't rewritten UNION JOIN as an Append ...
-                                */
-                               elog(ERROR, "UNION JOIN is not implemented yet");
-                               break;
-                       default:
-                               elog(ERROR, "pull_up_subqueries: unexpected join type %d",
-                                        j->jointype);
-                               break;
-               }
-       }
-       else
-               elog(ERROR, "pull_up_subqueries: unexpected node type %d",
-                        nodeTag(jtnode));
-       return jtnode;
-}
-
-/*
- * is_simple_subquery
- *       Check a subquery in the range table to see if it's simple enough
- *       to pull up into the parent query.
- */
-static bool
-is_simple_subquery(Query *subquery)
-{
-       /*
-        * Let's just make sure it's a valid subselect ...
-        */
-       if (!IsA(subquery, Query) ||
-               subquery->commandType != CMD_SELECT ||
-               subquery->resultRelation != 0 ||
-               subquery->into != NULL ||
-               subquery->isPortal)
-               elog(ERROR, "is_simple_subquery: subquery is bogus");
-
-       /*
-        * Can't currently pull up a query with setops. Maybe after querytree
-        * redesign...
-        */
-       if (subquery->setOperations)
-               return false;
-
-       /*
-        * Can't pull up a subquery involving grouping, aggregation, sorting,
-        * or limiting.
-        */
-       if (subquery->hasAggs ||
-               subquery->groupClause ||
-               subquery->havingQual ||
-               subquery->sortClause ||
-               subquery->distinctClause ||
-               subquery->limitOffset ||
-               subquery->limitCount)
-               return false;
-
-       /*
-        * Don't pull up a subquery that has any set-returning functions in
-        * its targetlist.      Otherwise we might well wind up inserting
-        * set-returning functions into places where they mustn't go, such as
-        * quals of higher queries.
-        */
-       if (expression_returns_set((Node *) subquery->targetList))
-               return false;
-
-       /*
-        * Hack: don't try to pull up a subquery with an empty jointree.
-        * query_planner() will correctly generate a Result plan for a
-        * jointree that's totally empty, but I don't think the right things
-        * happen if an empty FromExpr appears lower down in a jointree. Not
-        * worth working hard on this, just to collapse SubqueryScan/Result
-        * into Result...
-        */
-       if (subquery->jointree->fromlist == NIL)
-               return false;
-
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * has_nullable_targetlist
- *       Check a subquery in the range table to see if all the non-junk
- *       targetlist items are simple variables (and, hence, will correctly
- *       go to NULL when examined above the point of an outer join).
- *
- * A possible future extension is to accept strict functions of simple
- * variables, eg, "x + 1".
- */
-static bool
-has_nullable_targetlist(Query *subquery)
-{
-       List       *l;
-
-       foreach(l, subquery->targetList)
-       {
-               TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(l);
-
-               /* ignore resjunk columns */
-               if (tle->resdom->resjunk)
-                       continue;
-
-               /* Okay if tlist item is a simple Var */
-               if (tle->expr && IsA(tle->expr, Var))
-                       continue;
-
-               return false;
-       }
-       return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * Helper routine for pull_up_subqueries: do ResolveNew on every expression
- * in the jointree, without changing the jointree structure itself.  Ugly,
- * but there's no other way...
- */
-static void
-resolvenew_in_jointree(Node *jtnode, int varno, List *subtlist)
-{
-       if (jtnode == NULL)
-               return;
-       if (IsA(jtnode, RangeTblRef))
-       {
-               /* nothing to do here */
-       }
-       else if (IsA(jtnode, FromExpr))
-       {
-               FromExpr   *f = (FromExpr *) jtnode;
-               List       *l;
-
-               foreach(l, f->fromlist)
-                       resolvenew_in_jointree(lfirst(l), varno, subtlist);
-               f->quals = ResolveNew(f->quals,
-                                                         varno, 0, subtlist, CMD_SELECT, 0);
-       }
-       else if (IsA(jtnode, JoinExpr))
-       {
-               JoinExpr   *j = (JoinExpr *) jtnode;
-
-               resolvenew_in_jointree(j->larg, varno, subtlist);
-               resolvenew_in_jointree(j->rarg, varno, subtlist);
-               j->quals = ResolveNew(j->quals,
-                                                         varno, 0, subtlist, CMD_SELECT, 0);
-
-               /*
-                * We don't bother to update the colvars list, since it won't be
-                * used again ...
-                */
-       }
-       else
-               elog(ERROR, "resolvenew_in_jointree: unexpected node type %d",
-                        nodeTag(jtnode));
-}
-
-/*
- * preprocess_jointree
- *             Attempt to simplify a query's jointree.
- *
- * If we succeed in pulling up a subquery then we might form a jointree
- * in which a FromExpr is a direct child of another FromExpr.  In that
- * case we can consider collapsing the two FromExprs into one. This is
- * an optional conversion, since the planner will work correctly either
- * way.  But we may find a better plan (at the cost of more planning time)
- * if we merge the two nodes.
- *
- * NOTE: don't try to do this in the same jointree scan that does subquery
- * pullup!     Since we're changing the jointree structure here, that wouldn't
- * work reliably --- see comments for pull_up_subqueries().
- */
-static Node *
-preprocess_jointree(Query *parse, Node *jtnode)
-{
-       if (jtnode == NULL)
-               return NULL;
-       if (IsA(jtnode, RangeTblRef))
-       {
-               /* nothing to do here... */
-       }
-       else if (IsA(jtnode, FromExpr))
-       {
-               FromExpr   *f = (FromExpr *) jtnode;
-               List       *newlist = NIL;
-               List       *l;
-
-               foreach(l, f->fromlist)
-               {
-                       Node       *child = (Node *) lfirst(l);
-
-                       /* Recursively simplify the child... */
-                       child = preprocess_jointree(parse, child);
-                       /* Now, is it a FromExpr? */
-                       if (child && IsA(child, FromExpr))
-                       {
-                               /*
-                                * Yes, so do we want to merge it into parent?  Always do
-                                * so if child has just one element (since that doesn't
-                                * make the parent's list any longer).  Otherwise we have
-                                * to be careful about the increase in planning time
-                                * caused by combining the two join search spaces into
-                                * one.  Our heuristic is to merge if the merge will
-                                * produce a join list no longer than GEQO_RELS/2.
-                                * (Perhaps need an additional user parameter?)
-                                */
-                               FromExpr   *subf = (FromExpr *) child;
-                               int                     childlen = length(subf->fromlist);
-                               int                     myothers = length(newlist) + length(lnext(l));
-
-                               if (childlen <= 1 || (childlen + myothers) <= geqo_rels / 2)
-                               {
-                                       newlist = nconc(newlist, subf->fromlist);
-                                       f->quals = make_and_qual(subf->quals, f->quals);
-                               }
-                               else
-                                       newlist = lappend(newlist, child);
-                       }
-                       else
-                               newlist = lappend(newlist, child);
-               }
-               f->fromlist = newlist;
-       }
-       else if (IsA(jtnode, JoinExpr))
-       {
-               JoinExpr   *j = (JoinExpr *) jtnode;
-
-               /* Can't usefully change the JoinExpr, but recurse on children */
-               j->larg = preprocess_jointree(parse, j->larg);
-               j->rarg = preprocess_jointree(parse, j->rarg);
-       }
-       else
-               elog(ERROR, "preprocess_jointree: unexpected node type %d",
-                        nodeTag(jtnode));
-       return jtnode;
-}
-
 /*
  * preprocess_expression
  *             Do subquery_planner's preprocessing work for an expression,
@@ -715,24 +385,31 @@ preprocess_jointree(Query *parse, Node *jtnode)
 static Node *
 preprocess_expression(Query *parse, Node *expr, int kind)
 {
+       /*
+        * If the query has any join RTEs, replace join alias variables with
+        * base-relation variables. We must do this before sublink processing,
+        * else sublinks expanded out from join aliases wouldn't get
+        * processed.
+        */
+       if (parse->hasJoinRTEs)
+               expr = flatten_join_alias_vars(parse, expr);
+
        /*
         * Simplify constant expressions.
         *
-        * Note that at this point quals have not yet been converted to
-        * implicit-AND form, so we can apply eval_const_expressions directly.
+        * Note: this also flattens nested AND and OR expressions into N-argument
+        * form.  All processing of a qual expression after this point must be
+        * careful to maintain AND/OR flatness --- that is, do not generate a tree
+        * with AND directly under AND, nor OR directly under OR.
         */
        expr = eval_const_expressions(expr);
 
        /*
-        * If it's a qual or havingQual, canonicalize it, and convert it to
-        * implicit-AND format.
-        *
-        * XXX Is there any value in re-applying eval_const_expressions after
-        * canonicalize_qual?
+        * If it's a qual or havingQual, canonicalize it.
         */
-       if (kind != EXPRKIND_TARGET)
+       if (kind == EXPRKIND_QUAL)
        {
-               expr = (Node *) canonicalize_qual((Expr *) expr, true);
+               expr = (Node *) canonicalize_qual((Expr *) expr);
 
 #ifdef OPTIMIZER_DEBUG
                printf("After canonicalize_qual()\n");
@@ -742,20 +419,25 @@ preprocess_expression(Query *parse, Node *expr, int kind)
 
        /* Expand SubLinks to SubPlans */
        if (parse->hasSubLinks)
-               expr = SS_process_sublinks(expr);
+               expr = SS_process_sublinks(expr, (kind == EXPRKIND_QUAL));
+
+       /*
+        * XXX do not insert anything here unless you have grokked the
+        * comments in SS_replace_correlation_vars ...
+        */
 
        /* Replace uplevel vars with Param nodes */
        if (PlannerQueryLevel > 1)
                expr = SS_replace_correlation_vars(expr);
 
        /*
-        * If the query has any join RTEs, try to replace join alias variables
-        * with base-relation variables, to allow quals to be pushed down. We
-        * must do this after sublink processing, since it does not recurse
-        * into sublinks.
+        * If it's a qual or havingQual, convert it to implicit-AND format.
+        * (We don't want to do this before eval_const_expressions, since the
+        * latter would be unable to simplify a top-level AND correctly. Also,
+        * SS_process_sublinks expects explicit-AND format.)
         */
-       if (parse->hasJoinRTEs)
-               expr = flatten_join_alias_vars(expr, parse->rtable, false);
+       if (kind == EXPRKIND_QUAL)
+               expr = (Node *) make_ands_implicit((Expr *) expr);
 
        return expr;
 }
@@ -777,12 +459,12 @@ preprocess_qual_conditions(Query *parse, Node *jtnode)
        else if (IsA(jtnode, FromExpr))
        {
                FromExpr   *f = (FromExpr *) jtnode;
-               List       *l;
+               ListCell   *l;
 
                foreach(l, f->fromlist)
                        preprocess_qual_conditions(parse, lfirst(l));
 
-               f->quals = preprocess_expression(parse, f->quals, EXPRKIND_WHERE);
+               f->quals = preprocess_expression(parse, f->quals, EXPRKIND_QUAL);
        }
        else if (IsA(jtnode, JoinExpr))
        {
@@ -791,11 +473,11 @@ preprocess_qual_conditions(Query *parse, Node *jtnode)
                preprocess_qual_conditions(parse, j->larg);
                preprocess_qual_conditions(parse, j->rarg);
 
-               j->quals = preprocess_expression(parse, j->quals, EXPRKIND_WHERE);
+               j->quals = preprocess_expression(parse, j->quals, EXPRKIND_QUAL);
        }
        else
-               elog(ERROR, "preprocess_qual_conditions: unexpected node type %d",
-                        nodeTag(jtnode));
+               elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
+                        (int) nodeTag(jtnode));
 }
 
 /*--------------------
@@ -824,13 +506,14 @@ inheritance_planner(Query *parse, List *inheritlist)
 {
        int                     parentRTindex = parse->resultRelation;
        Oid                     parentOID = getrelid(parentRTindex, parse->rtable);
+       int                     mainrtlength = list_length(parse->rtable);
        List       *subplans = NIL;
        List       *tlist = NIL;
-       List       *l;
+       ListCell   *l;
 
        foreach(l, inheritlist)
        {
-               int                     childRTindex = lfirsti(l);
+               int                     childRTindex = lfirst_int(l);
                Oid                     childOID = getrelid(childRTindex, parse->rtable);
                Query      *subquery;
                Plan       *subplan;
@@ -842,6 +525,42 @@ inheritance_planner(Query *parse, List *inheritlist)
                /* Generate plan */
                subplan = grouping_planner(subquery, 0.0 /* retrieve all tuples */ );
                subplans = lappend(subplans, subplan);
+
+               /*
+                * XXX my goodness this next bit is ugly.  Really need to think about
+                * ways to rein in planner's habit of scribbling on its input.
+                *
+                * Planning of the subquery might have modified the rangetable,
+                * either by addition of RTEs due to expansion of inherited source
+                * tables, or by changes of the Query structures inside subquery
+                * RTEs.  We have to ensure that this gets propagated back to the
+                * master copy.  However, if we aren't done planning yet, we also
+                * need to ensure that subsequent calls to grouping_planner have
+                * virgin sub-Queries to work from.  So, if we are at the last
+                * list entry, just copy the subquery rangetable back to the master
+                * copy; if we are not, then extend the master copy by adding
+                * whatever the subquery added.  (We assume these added entries
+                * will go untouched by the future grouping_planner calls.  We are
+                * also effectively assuming that sub-Queries will get planned
+                * identically each time, or at least that the impacts on their
+                * rangetables will be the same each time.  Did I say this is ugly?)
+                */
+               if (lnext(l) == NULL)
+                       parse->rtable = subquery->rtable;
+               else
+               {
+                       int             subrtlength = list_length(subquery->rtable);
+
+                       if (subrtlength > mainrtlength)
+                       {
+                               List       *subrt;
+
+                               subrt = list_copy_tail(subquery->rtable, mainrtlength);
+                               parse->rtable = list_concat(parse->rtable, subrt);
+                               mainrtlength = subrtlength;
+                       }
+               }
+
                /* Save preprocessed tlist from first rel for use in Append */
                if (tlist == NIL)
                        tlist = subplan->targetlist;
@@ -850,6 +569,9 @@ inheritance_planner(Query *parse, List *inheritlist)
        /* Save the target-relations list for the executor, too */
        parse->resultRelations = inheritlist;
 
+       /* Mark result as unordered (probably unnecessary) */
+       parse->query_pathkeys = NIL;
+
        return (Plan *) make_append(subplans, true, tlist);
 }
 
@@ -863,16 +585,14 @@ inheritance_planner(Query *parse, List *inheritlist)
  * tuple_fraction is the fraction of tuples we expect will be retrieved
  *
  * tuple_fraction is interpreted as follows:
- *       < 0: determine fraction by inspection of query (normal case)
- *       0: expect all tuples to be retrieved
+ *       0: expect all tuples to be retrieved (normal case)
  *       0 < tuple_fraction < 1: expect the given fraction of tuples available
  *             from the plan to be retrieved
  *       tuple_fraction >= 1: tuple_fraction is the absolute number of tuples
  *             expected to be retrieved (ie, a LIMIT specification)
- * The normal case is to pass -1, but some callers pass values >= 0 to
- * override this routine's determination of the appropriate fraction.
  *
- * Returns a query plan.
+ * Returns a query plan.  Also, parse->query_pathkeys is returned as the
+ * actual output ordering of the plan (in pathkey format).
  *--------------------
  */
 static Plan *
@@ -885,11 +605,23 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
 
        if (parse->setOperations)
        {
+               List       *set_sortclauses;
+
                /*
                 * Construct the plan for set operations.  The result will not
                 * need any work except perhaps a top-level sort and/or LIMIT.
                 */
-               result_plan = plan_set_operations(parse);
+               result_plan = plan_set_operations(parse,
+                                                                                 &set_sortclauses);
+
+               /*
+                * Calculate pathkeys representing the sort order (if any) of the
+                * set operation's result.  We have to do this before overwriting
+                * the sort key information...
+                */
+               current_pathkeys = make_pathkeys_for_sortclauses(set_sortclauses,
+                                                                                               result_plan->targetlist);
+               current_pathkeys = canonicalize_pathkeys(parse, current_pathkeys);
 
                /*
                 * We should not need to call preprocess_targetlist, since we must
@@ -907,19 +639,12 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
                 * already, but let's make sure).
                 */
                if (parse->rowMarks)
-                       elog(ERROR, "SELECT FOR UPDATE is not allowed with UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT");
-
-               /*
-                * We set current_pathkeys NIL indicating we do not know sort
-                * order.  This is correct when the top set operation is UNION
-                * ALL, since the appended-together results are unsorted even if
-                * the subplans were sorted.  For other set operations we could be
-                * smarter --- room for future improvement!
-                */
-               current_pathkeys = NIL;
+                       ereport(ERROR,
+                                       (errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
+                                        errmsg("SELECT FOR UPDATE is not allowed with UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT")));
 
                /*
-                * Calculate pathkeys that represent ordering requirements
+                * Calculate pathkeys that represent result ordering requirements
                 */
                sort_pathkeys = make_pathkeys_for_sortclauses(parse->sortClause,
                                                                                                          tlist);
@@ -931,78 +656,29 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
                List       *sub_tlist;
                List       *group_pathkeys;
                AttrNumber *groupColIdx = NULL;
+               bool            need_tlist_eval = true;
+               QualCost        tlist_cost;
                double          sub_tuple_fraction;
                Path       *cheapest_path;
                Path       *sorted_path;
+               Path       *best_path;
                double          dNumGroups = 0;
                long            numGroups = 0;
-               int                     numAggs = 0;
-               int                     numGroupCols = length(parse->groupClause);
+               AggClauseCounts agg_counts;
+               int                     numGroupCols = list_length(parse->groupClause);
                bool            use_hashed_grouping = false;
 
-               /* Preprocess targetlist in case we are inside an INSERT/UPDATE. */
-               tlist = preprocess_targetlist(tlist,
-                                                                         parse->commandType,
-                                                                         parse->resultRelation,
-                                                                         parse->rtable);
+               MemSet(&agg_counts, 0, sizeof(AggClauseCounts));
 
-               /*
-                * Add TID targets for rels selected FOR UPDATE (should this be
-                * done in preprocess_targetlist?).  The executor uses the TID to
-                * know which rows to lock, much as for UPDATE or DELETE.
-                */
-               if (parse->rowMarks)
-               {
-                       List       *l;
-
-                       /*
-                        * We've got trouble if the FOR UPDATE appears inside
-                        * grouping, since grouping renders a reference to individual
-                        * tuple CTIDs invalid.  This is also checked at parse time,
-                        * but that's insufficient because of rule substitution, query
-                        * pullup, etc.
-                        */
-                       CheckSelectForUpdate(parse);
-
-                       /*
-                        * Currently the executor only supports FOR UPDATE at top
-                        * level
-                        */
-                       if (PlannerQueryLevel > 1)
-                               elog(ERROR, "SELECT FOR UPDATE is not allowed in subselects");
-
-                       foreach(l, parse->rowMarks)
-                       {
-                               Index           rti = lfirsti(l);
-                               char       *resname;
-                               Resdom     *resdom;
-                               Var                *var;
-                               TargetEntry *ctid;
-
-                               resname = (char *) palloc(32);
-                               snprintf(resname, 32, "ctid%u", rti);
-                               resdom = makeResdom(length(tlist) + 1,
-                                                                       TIDOID,
-                                                                       -1,
-                                                                       resname,
-                                                                       true);
-
-                               var = makeVar(rti,
-                                                         SelfItemPointerAttributeNumber,
-                                                         TIDOID,
-                                                         -1,
-                                                         0);
-
-                               ctid = makeTargetEntry(resdom, (Node *) var);
-                               tlist = lappend(tlist, ctid);
-                       }
-               }
+               /* Preprocess targetlist */
+               tlist = preprocess_targetlist(parse, tlist);
 
                /*
                 * Generate appropriate target list for subplan; may be different
                 * from tlist if grouping or aggregation is needed.
                 */
-               sub_tlist = make_subplanTargetList(parse, tlist, &groupColIdx);
+               sub_tlist = make_subplanTargetList(parse, tlist,
+                                                                                &groupColIdx, &need_tlist_eval);
 
                /*
                 * Calculate pathkeys that represent grouping/ordering
@@ -1015,15 +691,19 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
 
                /*
                 * Will need actual number of aggregates for estimating costs.
-                * Also, it's possible that optimization has eliminated all
-                * aggregates, and we may as well check for that here.
+                *
+                * Note: we do not attempt to detect duplicate aggregates here; a
+                * somewhat-overestimated count is okay for our present purposes.
+                *
+                * Note: think not that we can turn off hasAggs if we find no aggs.
+                * It is possible for constant-expression simplification to remove
+                * all explicit references to aggs, but we still have to follow
+                * the aggregate semantics (eg, producing only one output row).
                 */
                if (parse->hasAggs)
                {
-                       numAggs = length(pull_agg_clause((Node *) tlist)) +
-                               length(pull_agg_clause(parse->havingQual));
-                       if (numAggs == 0)
-                               parse->hasAggs = false;
+                       count_agg_clauses((Node *) tlist, &agg_counts);
+                       count_agg_clauses(parse->havingQual, &agg_counts);
                }
 
                /*
@@ -1044,29 +724,6 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
                else
                        parse->query_pathkeys = NIL;
 
-               /*
-                * Figure out whether we expect to retrieve all the tuples that
-                * the plan can generate, or to stop early due to outside factors
-                * such as a cursor.  If the caller passed a value >= 0, believe
-                * that value, else do our own examination of the query context.
-                */
-               if (tuple_fraction < 0.0)
-               {
-                       /* Initial assumption is we need all the tuples */
-                       tuple_fraction = 0.0;
-
-                       /*
-                        * Check for retrieve-into-portal, ie DECLARE CURSOR.
-                        *
-                        * We have no real idea how many tuples the user will ultimately
-                        * FETCH from a cursor, but it seems a good bet that he
-                        * doesn't want 'em all.  Optimize for 10% retrieval (you
-                        * gotta better number?  Should this be a SETtable parameter?)
-                        */
-                       if (parse->isPortal)
-                               tuple_fraction = 0.10;
-               }
-
                /*
                 * Adjust tuple_fraction if we see that we are going to apply
                 * limiting/grouping/aggregation/etc.  This is not overridable by
@@ -1230,286 +887,255 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
                                          &cheapest_path, &sorted_path);
 
                /*
-                * We couldn't canonicalize group_pathkeys and sort_pathkeys before
-                * running query_planner(), so do it now.
+                * We couldn't canonicalize group_pathkeys and sort_pathkeys
+                * before running query_planner(), so do it now.
                 */
                group_pathkeys = canonicalize_pathkeys(parse, group_pathkeys);
                sort_pathkeys = canonicalize_pathkeys(parse, sort_pathkeys);
 
                /*
-                * Consider whether we might want to use hashed grouping.
+                * If grouping, estimate the number of groups.  (We can't do this
+                * until after running query_planner(), either.)  Then decide
+                * whether we want to use hashed grouping.
                 */
                if (parse->groupClause)
                {
-                       /*
-                        * Always estimate the number of groups.  We can't do this until
-                        * after running query_planner(), either.
-                        */
-                       dNumGroups = estimate_num_groups(parse,
-                                                                                        parse->groupClause,
-                                                                                        cheapest_path->parent->rows);
-                       /* Also want it as a long int --- but 'ware overflow! */
-                       numGroups = (long) Min(dNumGroups, (double) LONG_MAX);
+                       List       *groupExprs;
+                       double          cheapest_path_rows;
 
                        /*
-                        * Executor doesn't support hashed aggregation with DISTINCT
-                        * aggregates.  (Doing so would imply storing *all* the input
-                        * values in the hash table, which seems like a certain loser.)
+                        * Beware of the possibility that cheapest_path->parent is NULL.
+                        * This could happen if user does something silly like
+                        *              SELECT 'foo' GROUP BY 1;
                         */
-                       if (!enable_hashagg)
-                               use_hashed_grouping = false;
-                       else if (parse->hasAggs &&
-                                        (contain_distinct_agg_clause((Node *) tlist) ||
-                                         contain_distinct_agg_clause(parse->havingQual)))
-                               use_hashed_grouping = false;
+                       if (cheapest_path->parent)
+                               cheapest_path_rows = cheapest_path->parent->rows;
                        else
-                       {
-                               /*
-                                * Use hashed grouping if (a) we think we can fit the
-                                * hashtable into SortMem, *and* (b) the estimated cost
-                                * is no more than doing it the other way.  While avoiding
-                                * the need for sorted input is usually a win, the fact
-                                * that the output won't be sorted may be a loss; so we
-                                * need to do an actual cost comparison.
-                                *
-                                * In most cases we have no good way to estimate the size of
-                                * the transition value needed by an aggregate; arbitrarily
-                                * assume it is 100 bytes.  Also set the overhead per hashtable
-                                * entry at 64 bytes.
-                                */
-                               int             hashentrysize = cheapest_path->parent->width + 64 +
-                                       numAggs * 100;
-
-                               if (hashentrysize * dNumGroups <= SortMem * 1024L)
-                               {
-                                       /*
-                                        * Okay, do the cost comparison.  We need to consider
-                                        *      cheapest_path + hashagg [+ final sort]
-                                        * versus either
-                                        *      cheapest_path [+ sort] + group or agg [+ final sort]
-                                        * or
-                                        *      presorted_path + group or agg [+ final sort]
-                                        * where brackets indicate a step that may not be needed.
-                                        * We assume query_planner() will have returned a
-                                        * presorted path only if it's a winner compared to
-                                        * cheapest_path for this purpose.
-                                        *
-                                        * These path variables are dummies that just hold cost
-                                        * fields; we don't make actual Paths for these steps.
-                                        */
-                                       Path            hashed_p;
-                                       Path            sorted_p;
-
-                                       cost_agg(&hashed_p, parse,
-                                                        AGG_HASHED, numAggs,
-                                                        numGroupCols, dNumGroups,
-                                                        cheapest_path->startup_cost,
-                                                        cheapest_path->total_cost,
-                                                        cheapest_path->parent->rows);
-                                       /* Result of hashed agg is always unsorted */
-                                       if (sort_pathkeys)
-                                               cost_sort(&hashed_p, parse, sort_pathkeys,
-                                                                 hashed_p.total_cost,
-                                                                 dNumGroups,
-                                                                 cheapest_path->parent->width);
-
-                                       if (sorted_path)
-                                       {
-                                               sorted_p.startup_cost = sorted_path->startup_cost;
-                                               sorted_p.total_cost = sorted_path->total_cost;
-                                               current_pathkeys = sorted_path->pathkeys;
-                                       }
-                                       else
-                                       {
-                                               sorted_p.startup_cost = cheapest_path->startup_cost;
-                                               sorted_p.total_cost = cheapest_path->total_cost;
-                                               current_pathkeys = cheapest_path->pathkeys;
-                                       }
-                                       if (!pathkeys_contained_in(group_pathkeys,
-                                                                                          current_pathkeys))
-                                       {
-                                               cost_sort(&sorted_p, parse, group_pathkeys,
-                                                                 sorted_p.total_cost,
-                                                                 cheapest_path->parent->rows,
-                                                                 cheapest_path->parent->width);
-                                               current_pathkeys = group_pathkeys;
-                                       }
-                                       if (parse->hasAggs)
-                                               cost_agg(&sorted_p, parse,
-                                                                AGG_SORTED, numAggs,
-                                                                numGroupCols, dNumGroups,
-                                                                sorted_p.startup_cost,
-                                                                sorted_p.total_cost,
-                                                                cheapest_path->parent->rows);
-                                       else
-                                               cost_group(&sorted_p, parse,
-                                                                  numGroupCols, dNumGroups,
-                                                                  sorted_p.startup_cost,
-                                                                  sorted_p.total_cost,
-                                                                  cheapest_path->parent->rows);
-                                       /* The Agg or Group node will preserve ordering */
-                                       if (sort_pathkeys &&
-                                               !pathkeys_contained_in(sort_pathkeys,
-                                                                                          current_pathkeys))
-                                       {
-                                               cost_sort(&sorted_p, parse, sort_pathkeys,
-                                                                 sorted_p.total_cost,
-                                                                 dNumGroups,
-                                                                 cheapest_path->parent->width);
-                                       }
+                               cheapest_path_rows = 1; /* assume non-set result */
 
-                                       /*
-                                        * Now make the decision using the top-level tuple
-                                        * fraction.  First we have to convert an absolute
-                                        * count (LIMIT) into fractional form.
-                                        */
-                                       if (tuple_fraction >= 1.0)
-                                               tuple_fraction /= dNumGroups;
+                       groupExprs = get_sortgrouplist_exprs(parse->groupClause,
+                                                                                                parse->targetList);
+                       dNumGroups = estimate_num_groups(parse,
+                                                                                        groupExprs,
+                                                                                        cheapest_path_rows);
+                       /* Also want it as a long int --- but 'ware overflow! */
+                       numGroups = (long) Min(dNumGroups, (double) LONG_MAX);
 
-                                       if (compare_fractional_path_costs(&hashed_p, &sorted_p,
-                                                                                                         tuple_fraction) <= 0)
-                                       {
-                                               /* Hashed is cheaper, so use it */
-                                               use_hashed_grouping = true;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       }
+                       use_hashed_grouping =
+                               choose_hashed_grouping(parse, tuple_fraction,
+                                                                          cheapest_path, sorted_path,
+                                                                          sort_pathkeys, group_pathkeys,
+                                                                          dNumGroups, &agg_counts);
                }
 
                /*
-                * Select the best path and create a plan to execute it.
-                *
-                * If we are doing hashed grouping, we will always read all the
-                * input tuples, so use the cheapest-total path.  Otherwise,
-                * trust query_planner's decision about which to use.
+                * Select the best path.  If we are doing hashed grouping, we will
+                * always read all the input tuples, so use the cheapest-total
+                * path. Otherwise, trust query_planner's decision about which to use.
                 */
-               if (sorted_path && !use_hashed_grouping)
-               {
-                       result_plan = create_plan(parse, sorted_path);
-                       current_pathkeys = sorted_path->pathkeys;
-               }
+               if (use_hashed_grouping || !sorted_path)
+                       best_path = cheapest_path;
                else
-               {
-                       result_plan = create_plan(parse, cheapest_path);
-                       current_pathkeys = cheapest_path->pathkeys;
-               }
+                       best_path = sorted_path;
 
                /*
-                * create_plan() returns a plan with just a "flat" tlist of required
-                * Vars.  We want to insert the sub_tlist as the tlist of the top
-                * plan node.  If the top-level plan node is one that cannot do
-                * expression evaluation, we must insert a Result node to project the
-                * desired tlist.
-                * Currently, the only plan node we might see here that falls into
-                * that category is Append.
+                * Check to see if it's possible to optimize MIN/MAX aggregates.
+                * If so, we will forget all the work we did so far to choose a
+                * "regular" path ... but we had to do it anyway to be able to
+                * tell which way is cheaper.
                 */
-               if (IsA(result_plan, Append))
-               {
-                       result_plan = (Plan *) make_result(sub_tlist, NULL, result_plan);
-               }
-               else
+               result_plan = optimize_minmax_aggregates(parse,
+                                                                                                tlist,
+                                                                                                best_path);
+               if (result_plan != NULL)
                {
                        /*
-                        * Otherwise, just replace the flat tlist with the desired tlist.
+                        * optimize_minmax_aggregates generated the full plan, with
+                        * the right tlist, and it has no sort order.
                         */
-                       result_plan->targetlist = sub_tlist;
-               }
-
-               /*
-                * Insert AGG or GROUP node if needed, plus an explicit sort step
-                * if necessary.
-                *
-                * HAVING clause, if any, becomes qual of the Agg node
-                */
-               if (use_hashed_grouping)
-               {
-                       /* Hashed aggregate plan --- no sort needed */
-                       result_plan = (Plan *) make_agg(parse,
-                                                                                       tlist,
-                                                                                       (List *) parse->havingQual,
-                                                                                       AGG_HASHED,
-                                                                                       numGroupCols,
-                                                                                       groupColIdx,
-                                                                                       numGroups,
-                                                                                       numAggs,
-                                                                                       result_plan);
-                       /* Hashed aggregation produces randomly-ordered results */
                        current_pathkeys = NIL;
                }
-               else if (parse->hasAggs)
+               else
                {
-                       /* Plain aggregate plan --- sort if needed */
-                       AggStrategy aggstrategy;
+                       /*
+                        * Normal case --- create a plan according to query_planner's
+                        * results.
+                        */
+                       result_plan = create_plan(parse, best_path);
+                       current_pathkeys = best_path->pathkeys;
 
-                       if (parse->groupClause)
+                       /*
+                        * create_plan() returns a plan with just a "flat" tlist of
+                        * required Vars.  Usually we need to insert the sub_tlist as the
+                        * tlist of the top plan node.  However, we can skip that if we
+                        * determined that whatever query_planner chose to return will be
+                        * good enough.
+                        */
+                       if (need_tlist_eval)
                        {
-                               if (!pathkeys_contained_in(group_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
+                               /*
+                                * If the top-level plan node is one that cannot do expression
+                                * evaluation, we must insert a Result node to project the
+                                * desired tlist.
+                                */
+                               if (!is_projection_capable_plan(result_plan))
                                {
-                                       result_plan = make_groupsortplan(parse,
-                                                                                                        parse->groupClause,
-                                                                                                        groupColIdx,
-                                                                                                        result_plan);
-                                       current_pathkeys = group_pathkeys;
+                                       result_plan = (Plan *) make_result(sub_tlist, NULL,
+                                                                                                          result_plan);
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Otherwise, just replace the subplan's flat tlist with
+                                        * the desired tlist.
+                                        */
+                                       result_plan->targetlist = sub_tlist;
                                }
-                               aggstrategy = AGG_SORTED;
+
                                /*
-                                * The AGG node will not change the sort ordering of its
-                                * groups, so current_pathkeys describes the result too.
+                                * Also, account for the cost of evaluation of the sub_tlist.
+                                *
+                                * Up to now, we have only been dealing with "flat" tlists,
+                                * containing just Vars.  So their evaluation cost is zero
+                                * according to the model used by cost_qual_eval() (or if you
+                                * prefer, the cost is factored into cpu_tuple_cost).  Thus we
+                                * can avoid accounting for tlist cost throughout
+                                * query_planner() and subroutines.  But now we've inserted a
+                                * tlist that might contain actual operators, sub-selects, etc
+                                * --- so we'd better account for its cost.
+                                *
+                                * Below this point, any tlist eval cost for added-on nodes
+                                * should be accounted for as we create those nodes.
+                                * Presently, of the node types we can add on, only Agg and
+                                * Group project new tlists (the rest just copy their input
+                                * tuples) --- so make_agg() and make_group() are responsible
+                                * for computing the added cost.
                                 */
+                               cost_qual_eval(&tlist_cost, sub_tlist);
+                               result_plan->startup_cost += tlist_cost.startup;
+                               result_plan->total_cost += tlist_cost.startup +
+                                       tlist_cost.per_tuple * result_plan->plan_rows;
                        }
                        else
                        {
-                               aggstrategy = AGG_PLAIN;
-                               /* Result will be only one row anyway; no sort order */
-                               current_pathkeys = NIL;
+                               /*
+                                * Since we're using query_planner's tlist and not the one
+                                * make_subplanTargetList calculated, we have to refigure any
+                                * grouping-column indexes make_subplanTargetList computed.
+                                */
+                               locate_grouping_columns(parse, tlist, result_plan->targetlist,
+                                                                               groupColIdx);
                        }
 
-                       result_plan = (Plan *) make_agg(parse,
-                                                                                       tlist,
-                                                                                       (List *) parse->havingQual,
-                                                                                       aggstrategy,
-                                                                                       numGroupCols,
-                                                                                       groupColIdx,
-                                                                                       numGroups,
-                                                                                       numAggs,
-                                                                                       result_plan);
-               }
-               else
-               {
                        /*
-                        * If there are no Aggs, we shouldn't have any HAVING qual anymore
+                        * Insert AGG or GROUP node if needed, plus an explicit sort step
+                        * if necessary.
+                        *
+                        * HAVING clause, if any, becomes qual of the Agg or Group node.
                         */
-                       Assert(parse->havingQual == NULL);
+                       if (use_hashed_grouping)
+                       {
+                               /* Hashed aggregate plan --- no sort needed */
+                               result_plan = (Plan *) make_agg(parse,
+                                                                                               tlist,
+                                                                                               (List *) parse->havingQual,
+                                                                                               AGG_HASHED,
+                                                                                               numGroupCols,
+                                                                                               groupColIdx,
+                                                                                               numGroups,
+                                                                                               agg_counts.numAggs,
+                                                                                               result_plan);
+                               /* Hashed aggregation produces randomly-ordered results */
+                               current_pathkeys = NIL;
+                       }
+                       else if (parse->hasAggs)
+                       {
+                               /* Plain aggregate plan --- sort if needed */
+                               AggStrategy aggstrategy;
 
-                       /*
-                        * If we have a GROUP BY clause, insert a group node (plus the
-                        * appropriate sort node, if necessary).
-                        */
-                       if (parse->groupClause)
+                               if (parse->groupClause)
+                               {
+                                       if (!pathkeys_contained_in(group_pathkeys,
+                                                                                          current_pathkeys))
+                                       {
+                                               result_plan = (Plan *)
+                                                       make_sort_from_groupcols(parse,
+                                                                                                        parse->groupClause,
+                                                                                                        groupColIdx,
+                                                                                                        result_plan);
+                                               current_pathkeys = group_pathkeys;
+                                       }
+                                       aggstrategy = AGG_SORTED;
+
+                                       /*
+                                        * The AGG node will not change the sort ordering of its
+                                        * groups, so current_pathkeys describes the result too.
+                                        */
+                               }
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       aggstrategy = AGG_PLAIN;
+                                       /* Result will be only one row anyway; no sort order */
+                                       current_pathkeys = NIL;
+                               }
+
+                               result_plan = (Plan *) make_agg(parse,
+                                                                                               tlist,
+                                                                                               (List *) parse->havingQual,
+                                                                                               aggstrategy,
+                                                                                               numGroupCols,
+                                                                                               groupColIdx,
+                                                                                               numGroups,
+                                                                                               agg_counts.numAggs,
+                                                                                               result_plan);
+                       }
+                       else if (parse->groupClause)
                        {
                                /*
-                                * Add an explicit sort if we couldn't make the path come out
-                                * the way the GROUP node needs it.
+                                * GROUP BY without aggregation, so insert a group node (plus
+                                * the appropriate sort node, if necessary).
+                                *
+                                * Add an explicit sort if we couldn't make the path come
+                                * out the way the GROUP node needs it.
                                 */
                                if (!pathkeys_contained_in(group_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
                                {
-                                       result_plan = make_groupsortplan(parse,
-                                                                                                        parse->groupClause,
-                                                                                                        groupColIdx,
-                                                                                                        result_plan);
+                                       result_plan = (Plan *)
+                                               make_sort_from_groupcols(parse,
+                                                                                                parse->groupClause,
+                                                                                                groupColIdx,
+                                                                                                result_plan);
                                        current_pathkeys = group_pathkeys;
                                }
 
                                result_plan = (Plan *) make_group(parse,
                                                                                                  tlist,
+                                                                                                 (List *) parse->havingQual,
                                                                                                  numGroupCols,
                                                                                                  groupColIdx,
                                                                                                  dNumGroups,
                                                                                                  result_plan);
                                /* The Group node won't change sort ordering */
                        }
-               }
-       } /* end of if (setOperations) */
+                       else if (parse->hasHavingQual)
+                       {
+                               /*
+                                * No aggregates, and no GROUP BY, but we have a HAVING qual.
+                                * This is a degenerate case in which we are supposed to emit
+                                * either 0 or 1 row depending on whether HAVING succeeds.
+                                * Furthermore, there cannot be any variables in either HAVING
+                                * or the targetlist, so we actually do not need the FROM table
+                                * at all!  We can just throw away the plan-so-far and generate
+                                * a Result node.  This is a sufficiently unusual corner case
+                                * that it's not worth contorting the structure of this routine
+                                * to avoid having to generate the plan in the first place.
+                                */
+                               result_plan = (Plan *) make_result(tlist,
+                                                                                                  parse->havingQual,
+                                                                                                  NULL);
+                       }
+               }                                               /* end of non-minmax-aggregate case */
+       }                                                       /* end of if (setOperations) */
 
        /*
         * If we were not able to make the plan come out in the right order,
@@ -1518,8 +1144,13 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
        if (parse->sortClause)
        {
                if (!pathkeys_contained_in(sort_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
-                       result_plan = make_sortplan(parse, tlist, result_plan,
-                                                                               parse->sortClause);
+               {
+                       result_plan = (Plan *)
+                               make_sort_from_sortclauses(parse,
+                                                                                  parse->sortClause,
+                                                                                  result_plan);
+                       current_pathkeys = sort_pathkeys;
+               }
        }
 
        /*
@@ -1527,18 +1158,24 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
         */
        if (parse->distinctClause)
        {
-               result_plan = (Plan *) make_unique(tlist, result_plan,
-                                                                                  parse->distinctClause);
+               result_plan = (Plan *) make_unique(result_plan, parse->distinctClause);
+
                /*
                 * If there was grouping or aggregation, leave plan_rows as-is
                 * (ie, assume the result was already mostly unique).  If not,
                 * it's reasonable to assume the UNIQUE filter has effects
                 * comparable to GROUP BY.
                 */
-               if (!parse->groupClause && !parse->hasAggs)
+               if (!parse->groupClause && !parse->hasHavingQual && !parse->hasAggs)
+               {
+                       List       *distinctExprs;
+
+                       distinctExprs = get_sortgrouplist_exprs(parse->distinctClause,
+                                                                                                       parse->targetList);
                        result_plan->plan_rows = estimate_num_groups(parse,
-                                                                                                                parse->distinctClause,
-                                                                                                                result_plan->plan_rows);
+                                                                                                                distinctExprs,
+                                                                                                result_plan->plan_rows);
+               }
        }
 
        /*
@@ -1546,31 +1183,205 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
         */
        if (parse->limitOffset || parse->limitCount)
        {
-               result_plan = (Plan *) make_limit(tlist, result_plan,
+               result_plan = (Plan *) make_limit(result_plan,
                                                                                  parse->limitOffset,
                                                                                  parse->limitCount);
        }
 
+       /*
+        * Return the actual output ordering in query_pathkeys for possible
+        * use by an outer query level.
+        */
+       parse->query_pathkeys = current_pathkeys;
+
        return result_plan;
 }
 
+/*
+ * choose_hashed_grouping - should we use hashed grouping?
+ */
+static bool
+choose_hashed_grouping(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction,
+                                          Path *cheapest_path, Path *sorted_path,
+                                          List *sort_pathkeys, List *group_pathkeys,
+                                          double dNumGroups, AggClauseCounts *agg_counts)
+{
+       int                     numGroupCols = list_length(parse->groupClause);
+       double          cheapest_path_rows;
+       int                     cheapest_path_width;
+       Size            hashentrysize;
+       List       *current_pathkeys;
+       Path            hashed_p;
+       Path            sorted_p;
+
+       /*
+        * Check can't-do-it conditions, including whether the grouping operators
+        * are hashjoinable.
+        *
+        * Executor doesn't support hashed aggregation with DISTINCT aggregates.
+        * (Doing so would imply storing *all* the input values in the hash table,
+        * which seems like a certain loser.)
+        */
+       if (!enable_hashagg)
+               return false;
+       if (agg_counts->numDistinctAggs != 0)
+               return false;
+       if (!hash_safe_grouping(parse))
+               return false;
+
+       /*
+        * Don't do it if it doesn't look like the hashtable will fit into
+        * work_mem.
+        *
+        * Beware here of the possibility that cheapest_path->parent is NULL.
+        * This could happen if user does something silly like
+        *              SELECT 'foo' GROUP BY 1;
+        */
+       if (cheapest_path->parent)
+       {
+               cheapest_path_rows = cheapest_path->parent->rows;
+               cheapest_path_width = cheapest_path->parent->width;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               cheapest_path_rows = 1;                         /* assume non-set result */
+               cheapest_path_width = 100;                      /* arbitrary */
+       }
+
+       /* Estimate per-hash-entry space at tuple width... */
+       hashentrysize = cheapest_path_width;
+       /* plus space for pass-by-ref transition values... */
+       hashentrysize += agg_counts->transitionSpace;
+       /* plus the per-hash-entry overhead */
+       hashentrysize += hash_agg_entry_size(agg_counts->numAggs);
+
+       if (hashentrysize * dNumGroups > work_mem * 1024L)
+               return false;
+
+       /*
+        * See if the estimated cost is no more than doing it the other way.
+        * While avoiding the need for sorted input is usually a win, the fact
+        * that the output won't be sorted may be a loss; so we need to do an
+        * actual cost comparison.
+        *
+        * We need to consider
+        *              cheapest_path + hashagg [+ final sort]
+        * versus either
+        *              cheapest_path [+ sort] + group or agg [+ final sort]
+        * or
+        *              presorted_path + group or agg [+ final sort]
+        * where brackets indicate a step that may not be needed. We assume
+        * query_planner() will have returned a presorted path only if it's a
+        * winner compared to cheapest_path for this purpose.
+        *
+        * These path variables are dummies that just hold cost fields; we don't
+        * make actual Paths for these steps.
+        */
+       cost_agg(&hashed_p, parse, AGG_HASHED, agg_counts->numAggs,
+                        numGroupCols, dNumGroups,
+                        cheapest_path->startup_cost, cheapest_path->total_cost,
+                        cheapest_path_rows);
+       /* Result of hashed agg is always unsorted */
+       if (sort_pathkeys)
+               cost_sort(&hashed_p, parse, sort_pathkeys, hashed_p.total_cost,
+                                 dNumGroups, cheapest_path_width);
+
+       if (sorted_path)
+       {
+               sorted_p.startup_cost = sorted_path->startup_cost;
+               sorted_p.total_cost = sorted_path->total_cost;
+               current_pathkeys = sorted_path->pathkeys;
+       }
+       else
+       {
+               sorted_p.startup_cost = cheapest_path->startup_cost;
+               sorted_p.total_cost = cheapest_path->total_cost;
+               current_pathkeys = cheapest_path->pathkeys;
+       }
+       if (!pathkeys_contained_in(group_pathkeys,
+                                                          current_pathkeys))
+       {
+               cost_sort(&sorted_p, parse, group_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
+                                 cheapest_path_rows, cheapest_path_width);
+               current_pathkeys = group_pathkeys;
+       }
+
+       if (parse->hasAggs)
+               cost_agg(&sorted_p, parse, AGG_SORTED, agg_counts->numAggs,
+                                numGroupCols, dNumGroups,
+                                sorted_p.startup_cost, sorted_p.total_cost,
+                                cheapest_path_rows);
+       else
+               cost_group(&sorted_p, parse, numGroupCols, dNumGroups,
+                                  sorted_p.startup_cost, sorted_p.total_cost,
+                                  cheapest_path_rows);
+       /* The Agg or Group node will preserve ordering */
+       if (sort_pathkeys &&
+               !pathkeys_contained_in(sort_pathkeys, current_pathkeys))
+               cost_sort(&sorted_p, parse, sort_pathkeys, sorted_p.total_cost,
+                                 dNumGroups, cheapest_path_width);
+
+       /*
+        * Now make the decision using the top-level tuple fraction.  First we
+        * have to convert an absolute count (LIMIT) into fractional form.
+        */
+       if (tuple_fraction >= 1.0)
+               tuple_fraction /= dNumGroups;
+
+       if (compare_fractional_path_costs(&hashed_p, &sorted_p,
+                                                                         tuple_fraction) < 0)
+       {
+               /* Hashed is cheaper, so use it */
+               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hash_safe_grouping - are grouping operators hashable?
+ *
+ * We assume hashed aggregation will work if the datatype's equality operator
+ * is marked hashjoinable.
+ */
+static bool
+hash_safe_grouping(Query *parse)
+{
+       ListCell   *gl;
+
+       foreach(gl, parse->groupClause)
+       {
+               GroupClause *grpcl = (GroupClause *) lfirst(gl);
+               TargetEntry *tle = get_sortgroupclause_tle(grpcl, parse->targetList);
+               Operator        optup;
+               bool            oprcanhash;
+
+               optup = equality_oper(exprType((Node *) tle->expr), true);
+               if (!optup)
+                       return false;
+               oprcanhash = ((Form_pg_operator) GETSTRUCT(optup))->oprcanhash;
+               ReleaseSysCache(optup);
+               if (!oprcanhash)
+                       return false;
+       }
+       return true;
+}
+
 /*---------------
  * make_subplanTargetList
  *       Generate appropriate target list when grouping is required.
  *
- * When grouping_planner inserts Aggregate or Group plan nodes above
- * the result of query_planner, we typically want to pass a different
+ * When grouping_planner inserts Aggregate, Group, or Result plan nodes
+ * above the result of query_planner, we typically want to pass a different
  * target list to query_planner than the outer plan nodes should have.
  * This routine generates the correct target list for the subplan.
  *
  * The initial target list passed from the parser already contains entries
  * for all ORDER BY and GROUP BY expressions, but it will not have entries
  * for variables used only in HAVING clauses; so we need to add those
- * variables to the subplan target list.  Also, if we are doing either
- * grouping or aggregation, we flatten all expressions except GROUP BY items
- * into their component variables; the other expressions will be computed by
- * the inserted nodes rather than by the subplan.  For example,
- * given a query like
+ * variables to the subplan target list.  Also, we flatten all expressions
+ * except GROUP BY items into their component variables; the other expressions
+ * will be computed by the inserted nodes rather than by the subplan.
+ * For example, given a query like
  *             SELECT a+b,SUM(c+d) FROM table GROUP BY a+b;
  * we want to pass this targetlist to the subplan:
  *             a,b,c,d,a+b
@@ -1582,10 +1393,17 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
  * the extra computation to recompute a+b at the outer level; see
  * replace_vars_with_subplan_refs() in setrefs.c.)
  *
+ * If we are grouping or aggregating, *and* there are no non-Var grouping
+ * expressions, then the returned tlist is effectively dummy; we do not
+ * need to force it to be evaluated, because all the Vars it contains
+ * should be present in the output of query_planner anyway.
+ *
  * 'parse' is the query being processed.
  * 'tlist' is the query's target list.
  * 'groupColIdx' receives an array of column numbers for the GROUP BY
- * expressions (if there are any) in the subplan's target list.
+ *                     expressions (if there are any) in the subplan's target list.
+ * 'need_tlist_eval' is set true if we really need to evaluate the
+ *                     result tlist.
  *
  * The result is the targetlist to be passed to the subplan.
  *---------------
@@ -1593,7 +1411,8 @@ grouping_planner(Query *parse, double tuple_fraction)
 static List *
 make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse,
                                           List *tlist,
-                                          AttrNumber **groupColIdx)
+                                          AttrNumber **groupColIdx,
+                                          bool *need_tlist_eval)
 {
        List       *sub_tlist;
        List       *extravars;
@@ -1602,11 +1421,14 @@ make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse,
        *groupColIdx = NULL;
 
        /*
-        * If we're not grouping or aggregating, nothing to do here;
+        * If we're not grouping or aggregating, there's nothing to do here;
         * query_planner should receive the unmodified target list.
         */
-       if (!parse->hasAggs && !parse->groupClause && !parse->havingQual)
+       if (!parse->hasAggs && !parse->groupClause && !parse->hasHavingQual)
+       {
+               *need_tlist_eval = true;
                return tlist;
+       }
 
        /*
         * Otherwise, start with a "flattened" tlist (having just the vars
@@ -1616,7 +1438,8 @@ make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse,
        sub_tlist = flatten_tlist(tlist);
        extravars = pull_var_clause(parse->havingQual, false);
        sub_tlist = add_to_flat_tlist(sub_tlist, extravars);
-       freeList(extravars);
+       list_free(extravars);
+       *need_tlist_eval = false;       /* only eval if not flat tlist */
 
        /*
         * If grouping, create sub_tlist entries for all GROUP BY expressions
@@ -1624,12 +1447,12 @@ make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse,
         * already), and make an array showing where the group columns are in
         * the sub_tlist.
         */
-       numCols = length(parse->groupClause);
+       numCols = list_length(parse->groupClause);
        if (numCols > 0)
        {
                int                     keyno = 0;
                AttrNumber *grpColIdx;
-               List       *gl;
+               ListCell   *gl;
 
                grpColIdx = (AttrNumber *) palloc(sizeof(AttrNumber) * numCols);
                *groupColIdx = grpColIdx;
@@ -1639,7 +1462,7 @@ make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse,
                        GroupClause *grpcl = (GroupClause *) lfirst(gl);
                        Node       *groupexpr = get_sortgroupclause_expr(grpcl, tlist);
                        TargetEntry *te = NULL;
-                       List       *sl;
+                       ListCell   *sl;
 
                        /* Find or make a matching sub_tlist entry */
                        foreach(sl, sub_tlist)
@@ -1650,17 +1473,16 @@ make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse,
                        }
                        if (!sl)
                        {
-                               te = makeTargetEntry(makeResdom(length(sub_tlist) + 1,
-                                                                                               exprType(groupexpr),
-                                                                                               exprTypmod(groupexpr),
-                                                                                               NULL,
-                                                                                               false),
-                                                                        groupexpr);
+                               te = makeTargetEntry((Expr *) groupexpr,
+                                                                        list_length(sub_tlist) + 1,
+                                                                        NULL,
+                                                                        false);
                                sub_tlist = lappend(sub_tlist, te);
+                               *need_tlist_eval = true;                /* it's not flat anymore */
                        }
 
                        /* and save its resno */
-                       grpColIdx[keyno++] = te->resdom->resno;
+                       grpColIdx[keyno++] = te->resno;
                }
        }
 
@@ -1668,89 +1490,50 @@ make_subplanTargetList(Query *parse,
 }
 
 /*
- * make_groupsortplan
- *             Add a Sort node to explicitly sort according to the GROUP BY clause.
+ * locate_grouping_columns
+ *             Locate grouping columns in the tlist chosen by query_planner.
  *
- * Note: the Sort node always just takes a copy of the subplan's tlist
- * plus ordering information.  (This might seem inefficient if the
- * subplan contains complex GROUP BY expressions, but in fact Sort
- * does not evaluate its targetlist --- it only outputs the same
- * tuples in a new order.  So the expressions we might be copying
- * are just dummies with no extra execution cost.)
+ * This is only needed if we don't use the sub_tlist chosen by
+ * make_subplanTargetList.     We have to forget the column indexes found
+ * by that routine and re-locate the grouping vars in the real sub_tlist.
  */
-static Plan *
-make_groupsortplan(Query *parse,
-                                  List *groupClause,
-                                  AttrNumber *grpColIdx,
-                                  Plan *subplan)
-{
-       List       *sort_tlist = new_unsorted_tlist(subplan->targetlist);
-       int                     keyno = 0;
-       List       *gl;
-
-       foreach(gl, groupClause)
-       {
-               GroupClause *grpcl = (GroupClause *) lfirst(gl);
-               TargetEntry *te = nth(grpColIdx[keyno] - 1, sort_tlist);
-               Resdom     *resdom = te->resdom;
-
-               /*
-                * Check for the possibility of duplicate group-by clauses ---
-                * the parser should have removed 'em, but the Sort executor
-                * will get terribly confused if any get through!
-                */
-               if (resdom->reskey == 0)
-               {
-                       /* OK, insert the ordering info needed by the executor. */
-                       resdom->reskey = ++keyno;
-                       resdom->reskeyop = grpcl->sortop;
-               }
-       }
-
-       Assert(keyno > 0);
-
-       return (Plan *) make_sort(parse, sort_tlist, subplan, keyno);
-}
-
-/*
- * make_sortplan
- *       Add a Sort node to implement an explicit ORDER BY clause.
- */
-Plan *
-make_sortplan(Query *parse, List *tlist, Plan *plannode, List *sortcls)
+static void
+locate_grouping_columns(Query *parse,
+                                               List *tlist,
+                                               List *sub_tlist,
+                                               AttrNumber *groupColIdx)
 {
-       List       *sort_tlist;
-       List       *i;
        int                     keyno = 0;
+       ListCell   *gl;
 
        /*
-        * First make a copy of the tlist so that we don't corrupt the
-        * original.
+        * No work unless grouping.
         */
-       sort_tlist = new_unsorted_tlist(tlist);
+       if (!parse->groupClause)
+       {
+               Assert(groupColIdx == NULL);
+               return;
+       }
+       Assert(groupColIdx != NULL);
 
-       foreach(i, sortcls)
+       foreach(gl, parse->groupClause)
        {
-               SortClause *sortcl = (SortClause *) lfirst(i);
-               TargetEntry *tle = get_sortgroupclause_tle(sortcl, sort_tlist);
-               Resdom     *resdom = tle->resdom;
+               GroupClause *grpcl = (GroupClause *) lfirst(gl);
+               Node       *groupexpr = get_sortgroupclause_expr(grpcl, tlist);
+               TargetEntry *te = NULL;
+               ListCell   *sl;
 
-               /*
-                * Check for the possibility of duplicate order-by clauses --- the
-                * parser should have removed 'em, but the executor will get
-                * terribly confused if any get through!
-                */
-               if (resdom->reskey == 0)
+               foreach(sl, sub_tlist)
                {
-                       /* OK, insert the ordering info needed by the executor. */
-                       resdom->reskey = ++keyno;
-                       resdom->reskeyop = sortcl->sortop;
+                       te = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(sl);
+                       if (equal(groupexpr, te->expr))
+                               break;
                }
-       }
-
-       Assert(keyno > 0);
+               if (!sl)
+                       elog(ERROR, "failed to locate grouping columns");
 
-       return (Plan *) make_sort(parse, sort_tlist, plannode, keyno);
+               groupColIdx[keyno++] = te->resno;
+       }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1760,13 +1543,14 @@ make_sortplan(Query *parse, List *tlist, Plan *plannode, List *sortcls)
  * We need to transpose sort key info from the orig_tlist into new_tlist.
  * NOTE: this would not be good enough if we supported resjunk sort keys
  * for results of set operations --- then, we'd need to project a whole
- * new tlist to evaluate the resjunk columns.  For now, just elog if we
+ * new tlist to evaluate the resjunk columns.  For now, just ereport if we
  * find any resjunk columns in orig_tlist.
  */
 static List *
 postprocess_setop_tlist(List *new_tlist, List *orig_tlist)
 {
-       List       *l;
+       ListCell   *l;
+       ListCell   *orig_tlist_item = list_head(orig_tlist);
 
        foreach(l, new_tlist)
        {
@@ -1774,19 +1558,18 @@ postprocess_setop_tlist(List *new_tlist, List *orig_tlist)
                TargetEntry *orig_tle;
 
                /* ignore resjunk columns in setop result */
-               if (new_tle->resdom->resjunk)
+               if (new_tle->resjunk)
                        continue;
 
-               Assert(orig_tlist != NIL);
-               orig_tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(orig_tlist);
-               orig_tlist = lnext(orig_tlist);
-               if (orig_tle->resdom->resjunk)
-                       elog(ERROR, "postprocess_setop_tlist: resjunk output columns not implemented");
-               Assert(new_tle->resdom->resno == orig_tle->resdom->resno);
-               Assert(new_tle->resdom->restype == orig_tle->resdom->restype);
-               new_tle->resdom->ressortgroupref = orig_tle->resdom->ressortgroupref;
+               Assert(orig_tlist_item != NULL);
+               orig_tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(orig_tlist_item);
+               orig_tlist_item = lnext(orig_tlist_item);
+               if (orig_tle->resjunk)                  /* should not happen */
+                       elog(ERROR, "resjunk output columns are not implemented");
+               Assert(new_tle->resno == orig_tle->resno);
+               new_tle->ressortgroupref = orig_tle->ressortgroupref;
        }
-       if (orig_tlist != NIL)
-               elog(ERROR, "postprocess_setop_tlist: resjunk output columns not implemented");
+       if (orig_tlist_item != NULL)
+               elog(ERROR, "resjunk output columns are not implemented");
        return new_tlist;
 }