]> granicus.if.org Git - imagemagick/blobdiff - magick/effect.c
(no commit message)
[imagemagick] / magick / effect.c
index d3bbc526d672b5d0c4485d2f87e94119e9f5a3e2..a028c9e238225344a32945fafb508b6745ab1551 100644 (file)
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 %                                 October 1996                                %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
-%  Copyright 1999-2009 ImageMagick Studio LLC, a non-profit organization      %
+%  Copyright 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC, a non-profit organization      %
 %  dedicated to making software imaging solutions freely available.           %
 %                                                                             %
 %  You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You may  %
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
   Include declarations.
 */
 #include "magick/studio.h"
-#include "magick/property.h"
+#include "magick/accelerate.h"
 #include "magick/blob.h"
 #include "magick/cache-view.h"
 #include "magick/color.h"
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 #include "magick/monitor.h"
 #include "magick/monitor-private.h"
 #include "magick/montage.h"
+#include "magick/morphology.h"
 #include "magick/paint.h"
 #include "magick/pixel-private.h"
 #include "magick/property.h"
@@ -141,42 +142,41 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
 #define AdaptiveBlurImageTag  "Convolve/Image"
 #define MagickSigma  (fabs(sigma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : sigma)
 
+  CacheView
+    *blur_view,
+    *edge_view,
+    *image_view;
+
   double
-    **kernel;
+    **kernel,
+    normalize;
 
   Image
     *blur_image,
     *edge_image,
     *gaussian_image;
 
-  long
-    j,
-    progress,
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
-  MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
 
-  MagickRealType
-    alpha,
-    bias,
-    normalize;
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    bias;
 
-  register long
-    i,
-    u,
-    v;
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
 
-  unsigned long
+  size_t
     width;
 
-  CacheView
-    *blur_view,
-    *edge_view,
-    *image_view;
+  ssize_t
+    j,
+    k,
+    u,
+    v,
+    y;
 
   assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
@@ -224,32 +224,32 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
     }
   (void) ResetMagickMemory(kernel,0,(size_t) width*sizeof(*kernel));
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width; i+=2)
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i+=2)
   {
     kernel[i]=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) (width-i),(width-i)*
       sizeof(**kernel));
     if (kernel[i] == (double *) NULL)
       break;
-    j=0;
-    for (v=(-((long) (width-i)/2)); v <= (long) ((width-i)/2); v++)
+    normalize=0.0;
+    j=(ssize_t) (width-i)/2;
+    k=0;
+    for (v=(-j); v <= j; v++)
     {
-      for (u=(-((long) (width-i)/2)); u <= (long) ((width-i)/2); u++)
+      for (u=(-j); u <= j; u++)
       {
-        alpha=exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-        kernel[i][j]=(double) (alpha/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-        j++;
+        kernel[i][k]=(double) (exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*
+          MagickSigma))/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
+        normalize+=kernel[i][k];
+        k++;
       }
     }
-    normalize=0.0;
-    for (j=0; j < (long) ((width-i)*(width-i)); j++)
-      normalize+=kernel[i][j];
     if (fabs(normalize) <= MagickEpsilon)
       normalize=1.0;
     normalize=1.0/normalize;
-    for (j=0; j < (long) ((width-i)*(width-i)); j++)
-      kernel[i][j]=(double) (normalize*kernel[i][j]);
+    for (k=0; k < (j*j); k++)
+      kernel[i][k]=normalize*kernel[i][k];
   }
-  if (i < (long) width)
+  if (i < (ssize_t) width)
     {
       for (i-=2; i >= 0; i-=2)
         kernel[i]=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel[i]);
@@ -263,31 +263,31 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  bias=image->bias;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&zero);
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
+  SetMagickPixelPacketBias(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   edge_view=AcquireCacheView(edge_image);
   blur_view=AcquireCacheView(blur_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) blur_image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) blur_image->rows; y++)
   {
     register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+      *restrict indexes;
 
     register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p,
-      *__restrict r;
+      *restrict p,
+      *restrict r;
 
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict blur_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict blur_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
         continue;
       }
     blur_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(blur_view);
-    for (x=0; x < (long) blur_image->columns; x++)
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) blur_image->columns; x++)
     {
       MagickPixelPacket
         pixel;
@@ -310,48 +310,49 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
         gamma;
 
       register const double
-        *__restrict k;
+        *restrict k;
 
-      register long
+      register ssize_t
         i,
         u,
         v;
 
       gamma=0.0;
-      i=(long) (width*QuantumScale*PixelIntensity(r)+0.5);
+      i=(ssize_t) ceil((double) width*QuantumScale*PixelIntensity(r)-0.5);
       if (i < 0)
         i=0;
       else
-        if (i > (long) width)
-          i=(long) width;
+        if (i > (ssize_t) width)
+          i=(ssize_t) width;
       if ((i & 0x01) != 0)
         i--;
-      p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,x-((long) (width-i)/2L),y-(long)
-        ((width-i)/2L),width-i,width-i,exception);
+      p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,x-((ssize_t) (width-i)/2L),y-
+        (ssize_t) ((width-i)/2L),width-i,width-i,exception);
       if (p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL)
         break;
       indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
-      pixel=zero;
+      pixel=bias;
       k=kernel[i];
-      for (v=0; v < (long) (width-i); v++)
+      for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) (width-i); v++)
       {
-        for (u=0; u < (long) (width-i); u++)
+        for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) (width-i); u++)
         {
           alpha=1.0;
           if (((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->matte != MagickFalse))
-            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-p->opacity));
+            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*GetAlphaPixelComponent(p));
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*p->red;
+            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*GetRedPixelComponent(p);
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*p->green;
+            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*GetGreenPixelComponent(p);
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*p->blue;
+            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*GetBluePixelComponent(p);
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.opacity+=(*k)*p->opacity;
+            pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(p);
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-            pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*indexes[x+(width-i)*v+u];
+            pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x+(width-i)*
+              v+u);
           gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
           k++;
           p++;
@@ -359,16 +360,17 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       }
       gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
       if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-        q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red+bias);
+        SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
       if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-        q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green+bias);
+        SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
       if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-        q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue+bias);
+        SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
       if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-        q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity+bias);
+        SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
       if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
           (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-        blur_indexes[x]=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.index+bias);
+        SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+          pixel.index));
       q++;
       r++;
     }
@@ -393,7 +395,7 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   edge_view=DestroyCacheView(edge_view);
   image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
   edge_image=DestroyImage(edge_image);
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width;  i+=2)
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width;  i+=2)
     kernel[i]=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel[i]);
   kernel=(double **) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
   if (status == MagickFalse)
@@ -459,42 +461,41 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveSharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
 #define AdaptiveSharpenImageTag  "Convolve/Image"
 #define MagickSigma  (fabs(sigma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : sigma)
 
+  CacheView
+    *sharp_view,
+    *edge_view,
+    *image_view;
+
   double
-    **kernel;
+    **kernel,
+    normalize;
 
   Image
     *sharp_image,
     *edge_image,
     *gaussian_image;
 
-  long
-    j,
-    progress,
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
-  MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
 
-  MagickRealType
-    alpha,
-    bias,
-    normalize;
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    bias;
 
-  register long
-    i,
-    u,
-    v;
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
 
-  unsigned long
+  size_t
     width;
 
-  CacheView
-    *sharp_view,
-    *edge_view,
-    *image_view;
+  ssize_t
+    j,
+    k,
+    u,
+    v,
+    y;
 
   assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
@@ -542,32 +543,32 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveSharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
       ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
     }
   (void) ResetMagickMemory(kernel,0,(size_t) width*sizeof(*kernel));
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width; i+=2)
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i+=2)
   {
     kernel[i]=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) (width-i),(width-i)*
       sizeof(**kernel));
     if (kernel[i] == (double *) NULL)
       break;
-    j=0;
-    for (v=(-((long) (width-i)/2)); v <= (long) ((width-i)/2); v++)
+    normalize=0.0;
+    j=(ssize_t) (width-i)/2;
+    k=0;
+    for (v=(-j); v <= j; v++)
     {
-      for (u=(-((long) (width-i)/2)); u <= (long) ((width-i)/2); u++)
+      for (u=(-j); u <= j; u++)
       {
-        alpha=exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-        kernel[i][j]=(double) (-alpha/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-        j++;
+        kernel[i][k]=(double) (-exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*
+          MagickSigma))/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
+        normalize+=kernel[i][k];
+        k++;
       }
     }
-    normalize=0.0;
-    for (j=0; j < (long) ((width-i)*(width-i)); j++)
-      normalize+=kernel[i][j];
     if (fabs(normalize) <= MagickEpsilon)
       normalize=1.0;
     normalize=1.0/normalize;
-    for (j=0; j < (long) ((width-i)*(width-i)); j++)
-      kernel[i][j]=(double) (normalize*kernel[i][j]);
+    for (k=0; k < (j*j); k++)
+      kernel[i][k]=normalize*kernel[i][k];
   }
-  if (i < (long) width)
+  if (i < (ssize_t) width)
     {
       for (i-=2; i >= 0; i-=2)
         kernel[i]=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel[i]);
@@ -581,31 +582,31 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveSharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  bias=image->bias;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&zero);
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
+  SetMagickPixelPacketBias(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   edge_view=AcquireCacheView(edge_image);
   sharp_view=AcquireCacheView(sharp_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) sharp_image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) sharp_image->rows; y++)
   {
     register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+      *restrict indexes;
 
     register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p,
-      *__restrict r;
+      *restrict p,
+      *restrict r;
 
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict sharp_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict sharp_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
@@ -618,7 +619,7 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveSharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
         continue;
       }
     sharp_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(sharp_view);
-    for (x=0; x < (long) sharp_image->columns; x++)
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) sharp_image->columns; x++)
     {
       MagickPixelPacket
         pixel;
@@ -628,48 +629,50 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveSharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
         gamma;
 
       register const double
-        *__restrict k;
+        *restrict k;
 
-      register long
+      register ssize_t
         i,
         u,
         v;
 
       gamma=0.0;
-      i=(long) (width*(QuantumRange-QuantumScale*PixelIntensity(r))+0.5);
+      i=(ssize_t) ceil((double) width*(QuantumRange-QuantumScale*
+        PixelIntensity(r))-0.5);
       if (i < 0)
         i=0;
       else
-        if (i > (long) width)
-          i=(long) width;
+        if (i > (ssize_t) width)
+          i=(ssize_t) width;
       if ((i & 0x01) != 0)
         i--;
-      p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,x-((long) (width-i)/2L),y-(long)
-        ((width-i)/2L),width-i,width-i,exception);
+      p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,x-((ssize_t) (width-i)/2L),y-
+        (ssize_t) ((width-i)/2L),width-i,width-i,exception);
       if (p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL)
         break;
       indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
       k=kernel[i];
-      pixel=zero;
-      for (v=0; v < (long) (width-i); v++)
+      pixel=bias;
+      for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) (width-i); v++)
       {
-        for (u=0; u < (long) (width-i); u++)
+        for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) (width-i); u++)
         {
           alpha=1.0;
           if (((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->matte != MagickFalse))
-            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-p->opacity));
+            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*GetAlphaPixelComponent(p));
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*p->red;
+            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*GetRedPixelComponent(p);
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*p->green;
+            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*GetGreenPixelComponent(p);
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*p->blue;
+            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*GetBluePixelComponent(p);
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-            pixel.opacity+=(*k)*p->opacity;
+            pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(p);
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-            pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*indexes[x+(width-i)*v+u];
+            pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x+(width-i)*
+              v+u);
           gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
           k++;
           p++;
@@ -677,16 +680,17 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveSharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
       }
       gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
       if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-        q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red+bias);
+        SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
       if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-        q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green+bias);
+        SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
       if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-        q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue+bias);
+        SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
       if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-        q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity+bias);
+        SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
       if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
           (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-        sharp_indexes[x]=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.index+bias);
+        SetIndexPixelComponent(sharp_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+          pixel.index));
       q++;
       r++;
     }
@@ -711,7 +715,7 @@ MagickExport Image *AdaptiveSharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
   edge_view=DestroyCacheView(edge_view);
   image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
   edge_image=DestroyImage(edge_image);
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width;  i+=2)
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width;  i+=2)
     kernel[i]=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel[i]);
   kernel=(double **) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
   if (status == MagickFalse)
@@ -771,23 +775,19 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
   return(blur_image);
 }
 
-static double *GetBlurKernel(unsigned long width,const MagickRealType sigma)
+static double *GetBlurKernel(const size_t width,const double sigma)
 {
-#define KernelRank 3
-
   double
-    *kernel;
-
-  long
-    bias;
-
-  MagickRealType
-    alpha,
+    *kernel,
     normalize;
 
-  register long
+  register ssize_t
     i;
 
+  ssize_t
+    j,
+    k;
+
   /*
     Generate a 1-D convolution kernel.
   */
@@ -795,18 +795,17 @@ static double *GetBlurKernel(unsigned long width,const MagickRealType sigma)
   kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,sizeof(*kernel));
   if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
     return(0);
-  (void) ResetMagickMemory(kernel,0,(size_t) width*sizeof(*kernel));
-  bias=KernelRank*(long) width/2;
-  for (i=(-bias); i <= bias; i++)
-  {
-    alpha=exp((-((double) (i*i))/(double) (2.0*KernelRank*KernelRank*
-      MagickSigma*MagickSigma)));
-    kernel[(i+bias)/KernelRank]+=(double) (alpha/(MagickSQ2PI*sigma));
-  }
   normalize=0.0;
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+  j=(ssize_t) width/2;
+  i=0;
+  for (k=(-j); k <= j; k++)
+  {
+    kernel[i]=(double) (exp(-((double) k*k)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma))/
+      (MagickSQ2PI*MagickSigma));
     normalize+=kernel[i];
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+    i++;
+  }
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
     kernel[i]/=normalize;
   return(kernel);
 }
@@ -817,35 +816,34 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
 {
 #define BlurImageTag  "Blur/Image"
 
+  CacheView
+    *blur_view,
+    *image_view;
+
   double
     *kernel;
 
   Image
     *blur_image;
 
-  long
-    progress,
-    x,
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
-  MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
 
-  MagickRealType
+  MagickPixelPacket
     bias;
 
-  register long
+  register ssize_t
     i;
 
-  unsigned long
+  size_t
     width;
 
-  CacheView
-    *blur_view,
-    *image_view;
+  ssize_t
+    x,
+    y;
 
   /*
     Initialize blur image attributes.
@@ -884,13 +882,13 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
         *k;
 
       (void) LogMagickEvent(TransformEvent,GetMagickModule(),
-        "  BlurImage with %ld kernel:",width);
+        "  BlurImage with %.20g kernel:",(double) width);
       message=AcquireString("");
       k=kernel;
-      for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+      for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
       {
         *message='\0';
-        (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%ld: ",i);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%.20g: ",(double) i);
         (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
         (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%g ",*k++);
         (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
@@ -903,34 +901,34 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&zero);
-  bias=image->bias;
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
+  SetMagickPixelPacketBias(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   blur_view=AcquireCacheView(blur_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) blur_image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) blur_image->rows; y++)
   {
     register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+      *restrict indexes;
 
     register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p;
+      *restrict p;
 
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict blur_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict blur_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
-    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((long) width/2L),y,image->columns+
-      width,1,exception);
+    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((ssize_t) width/2L),y,
+      image->columns+width,1,exception);
     q=GetCacheViewAuthenticPixels(blur_view,0,y,blur_image->columns,1,
       exception);
     if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
@@ -940,66 +938,67 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       }
     indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
     blur_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(blur_view);
-    for (x=0; x < (long) blur_image->columns; x++)
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) blur_image->columns; x++)
     {
       MagickPixelPacket
         pixel;
 
       register const double
-        *__restrict k;
+        *restrict k;
 
       register const PixelPacket
-        *__restrict kernel_pixels;
+        *restrict kernel_pixels;
 
-      register long
+      register ssize_t
         i;
 
-      pixel=zero;
+      pixel=bias;
       k=kernel;
       kernel_pixels=p;
       if (((channel & OpacityChannel) == 0) || (image->matte == MagickFalse))
         {
-          for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
           {
-            pixel.red+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->red;
-            pixel.green+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->green;
-            pixel.blue+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->blue;
+            pixel.red+=(*k)*GetRedPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.green+=(*k)*GetGreenPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.blue+=(*k)*GetBluePixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
             k++;
             kernel_pixels++;
           }
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(pixel.red+bias);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(pixel.green+bias);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(pixel.blue+bias);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
             {
               k=kernel;
               kernel_pixels=p;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->opacity;
+                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
                 k++;
                 kernel_pixels++;
               }
-              q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity+bias);
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
             }
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
             {
               register const IndexPacket
-                *__restrict kernel_indexes;
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
 
               k=kernel;
               kernel_indexes=indexes;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                pixel.index+=(*k)*(*kernel_indexes);
+                pixel.index+=(*k)*GetIndexPixelComponent(kernel_indexes);
                 k++;
                 kernel_indexes++;
               }
-              blur_indexes[x]=RoundToQuantum(pixel.index+bias);
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(
+                pixel.index));
             }
         }
       else
@@ -1009,57 +1008,59 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
             gamma;
 
           gamma=0.0;
-          for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
           {
-            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
-              kernel_pixels->opacity));
-            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels->red;
-            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels->green;
-            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels->blue;
+            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+              GetAlphaPixelComponent(kernel_pixels));
+            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*GetRedPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*GetGreenPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*GetBluePixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
             gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
             k++;
             kernel_pixels++;
           }
           gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red+bias);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green+bias);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue+bias);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
             {
               k=kernel;
               kernel_pixels=p;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->opacity;
+                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
                 k++;
                 kernel_pixels++;
               }
-              q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity+bias);
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
             }
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
             {
               register const IndexPacket
-                *__restrict kernel_indexes;
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
 
               k=kernel;
               kernel_pixels=p;
               kernel_indexes=indexes;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
-                  kernel_pixels->opacity));
+                alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+                  GetAlphaPixelComponent(kernel_pixels));
                 pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*(*kernel_indexes);
                 k++;
                 kernel_pixels++;
                 kernel_indexes++;
               }
-              blur_indexes[x]=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.index+bias);
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+                pixel.index));
             }
         }
+      indexes++;
       p++;
       q++;
     }
@@ -1087,29 +1088,29 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(blur_image);
   blur_view=AcquireCacheView(blur_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (x=0; x < (long) blur_image->columns; x++)
+  for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) blur_image->columns; x++)
   {
     register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+      *restrict indexes;
 
     register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p;
+      *restrict p;
 
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict blur_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      y;
+      *restrict blur_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      y;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
-    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,x,-((long) width/2L),1,image->rows+
-      width,exception);
+    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,x,-((ssize_t) width/2L),1,
+      image->rows+width,exception);
     q=GetCacheViewAuthenticPixels(blur_view,x,0,1,blur_image->rows,exception);
     if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
       {
@@ -1118,66 +1119,67 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       }
     indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
     blur_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(blur_view);
-    for (y=0; y < (long) blur_image->rows; y++)
+    for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) blur_image->rows; y++)
     {
       MagickPixelPacket
         pixel;
 
       register const double
-        *__restrict k;
+        *restrict k;
 
       register const PixelPacket
-        *__restrict kernel_pixels;
+        *restrict kernel_pixels;
 
-      register long
+      register ssize_t
         i;
 
-      pixel=zero;
+      pixel=bias;
       k=kernel;
       kernel_pixels=p;
       if (((channel & OpacityChannel) == 0) || (image->matte == MagickFalse))
         {
-          for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
           {
-            pixel.red+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->red;
-            pixel.green+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->green;
-            pixel.blue+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->blue;
+            pixel.red+=(*k)*GetRedPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.green+=(*k)*GetGreenPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.blue+=(*k)*GetBluePixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
             k++;
             kernel_pixels++;
           }
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(pixel.red+bias);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(pixel.green+bias);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(pixel.blue+bias);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
             {
               k=kernel;
               kernel_pixels=p;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->opacity;
+                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
                 k++;
                 kernel_pixels++;
               }
-              q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity+bias);
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
             }
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
             {
               register const IndexPacket
-                *__restrict kernel_indexes;
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
 
               k=kernel;
               kernel_indexes=indexes;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                pixel.index+=(*k)*(*kernel_indexes);
+                pixel.index+=(*k)*GetIndexPixelComponent(kernel_indexes);
                 k++;
                 kernel_indexes++;
               }
-              blur_indexes[y]=RoundToQuantum(pixel.index+bias);
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+y,ClampToQuantum(
+                pixel.index));
             }
         }
       else
@@ -1187,57 +1189,59 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
             gamma;
 
           gamma=0.0;
-          for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
           {
-            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
-              kernel_pixels->opacity));
-            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels->red;
-            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels->green;
-            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels->blue;
+            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+              GetAlphaPixelComponent(kernel_pixels));
+            pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*GetRedPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*GetGreenPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
+            pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*GetBluePixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
             gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
             k++;
             kernel_pixels++;
           }
           gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red+bias);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green+bias);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue+bias);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
             {
               k=kernel;
               kernel_pixels=p;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*kernel_pixels->opacity;
+                pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(kernel_pixels);
                 k++;
                 kernel_pixels++;
               }
-              q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity+bias);
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
             }
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
             {
               register const IndexPacket
-                *__restrict kernel_indexes;
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
 
               k=kernel;
               kernel_pixels=p;
               kernel_indexes=indexes;
-              for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+              for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
               {
-                alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
-                  kernel_pixels->opacity));
+                alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+                  GetAlphaPixelComponent(kernel_pixels));
                 pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*(*kernel_indexes);
                 k++;
                 kernel_pixels++;
                 kernel_indexes++;
               }
-              blur_indexes[y]=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.index+bias);
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+y,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+                pixel.index));
             }
         }
+      indexes++;
       p++;
       q++;
     }
@@ -1271,346 +1275,368 @@ MagickExport Image *BlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
-%     D e s p e c k l e I m a g e                                             %
+%     C o n v o l v e I m a g e                                               %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %
-%  DespeckleImage() reduces the speckle noise in an image while perserving the
-%  edges of the original image.
+%  ConvolveImage() applies a custom convolution kernel to the image.
 %
-%  The format of the DespeckleImage method is:
+%  The format of the ConvolveImage method is:
 %
-%      Image *DespeckleImage(const Image *image,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *ConvolveImage(const Image *image,const size_t order,
+%        const double *kernel,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *ConvolveImageChannel(const Image *image,const ChannelType channel,
+%        const size_t order,const double *kernel,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 %
 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 %
 %    o image: the image.
 %
+%    o channel: the channel type.
+%
+%    o order: the number of columns and rows in the filter kernel.
+%
+%    o kernel: An array of double representing the convolution kernel.
+%
 %    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
 %
 */
 
-static Quantum **DestroyPixelThreadSet(Quantum **pixels)
-{
-  register long
-    i;
-
-  assert(pixels != (Quantum **) NULL);
-  for (i=0; i < (long) GetOpenMPMaximumThreads(); i++)
-    if (pixels[i] != (Quantum *) NULL)
-      pixels[i]=(Quantum *) RelinquishMagickMemory(pixels[i]);
-  pixels=(Quantum **) RelinquishAlignedMemory(pixels);
-  return(pixels);
-}
-
-static Quantum **AcquirePixelThreadSet(const size_t count)
-{
-  register long
-    i;
-
-  Quantum
-    **pixels;
-
-  unsigned long
-    number_threads;
-
-  number_threads=GetOpenMPMaximumThreads();
-  pixels=(Quantum **) AcquireAlignedMemory(number_threads,sizeof(*pixels));
-  if (pixels == (Quantum **) NULL)
-    return((Quantum **) NULL);
-  (void) ResetMagickMemory(pixels,0,number_threads*sizeof(*pixels));
-  for (i=0; i < (long) number_threads; i++)
-  {
-    pixels[i]=(Quantum *) AcquireQuantumMemory(count,sizeof(**pixels));
-    if (pixels[i] == (Quantum *) NULL)
-      return(DestroyPixelThreadSet(pixels));
-  }
-  return(pixels);
-}
-
-static void Hull(const long x_offset,const long y_offset,
-  const unsigned long columns,const unsigned long rows,Quantum *f,Quantum *g,
-  const int polarity)
+MagickExport Image *ConvolveImage(const Image *image,const size_t order,
+  const double *kernel,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-  long
-    y;
-
-  MagickRealType
-    v;
-
-  register long
-    x;
-
-  register Quantum
-    *p,
-    *q,
-    *r,
-    *s;
+  Image
+    *convolve_image;
 
-  assert(f != (Quantum *) NULL);
-  assert(g != (Quantum *) NULL);
-  p=f+(columns+2);
-  q=g+(columns+2);
-  r=p+(y_offset*((long) columns+2)+x_offset);
-  for (y=0; y < (long) rows; y++)
-  {
-    p++;
-    q++;
-    r++;
-    if (polarity > 0)
-      for (x=(long) columns; x != 0; x--)
-      {
-        v=(MagickRealType) (*p);
-        if ((MagickRealType) *r >= (v+(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2)))
-          v+=ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
-        *q=(Quantum) v;
-        p++;
-        q++;
-        r++;
-      }
-    else
-      for (x=(long) columns; x != 0; x--)
-      {
-        v=(MagickRealType) (*p);
-        if ((MagickRealType) *r <= (v-(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2)))
-          v-=(long) ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
-        *q=(Quantum) v;
-        p++;
-        q++;
-        r++;
-      }
-    p++;
-    q++;
-    r++;
-  }
-  p=f+(columns+2);
-  q=g+(columns+2);
-  r=q+(y_offset*((long) columns+2)+x_offset);
-  s=q-(y_offset*((long) columns+2)+x_offset);
-  for (y=0; y < (long) rows; y++)
-  {
-    p++;
-    q++;
-    r++;
-    s++;
-    if (polarity > 0)
-      for (x=(long) columns; x != 0; x--)
-      {
-        v=(MagickRealType) (*q);
-        if (((MagickRealType) *s >=
-             (v+(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2))) &&
-            ((MagickRealType) *r > v))
-          v+=ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
-        *p=(Quantum) v;
-        p++;
-        q++;
-        r++;
-        s++;
-      }
-    else
-      for (x=(long) columns; x != 0; x--)
-      {
-        v=(MagickRealType) (*q);
-        if (((MagickRealType) *s <=
-             (v-(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2))) &&
-            ((MagickRealType) *r < v))
-          v-=(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
-        *p=(Quantum) v;
-        p++;
-        q++;
-        r++;
-        s++;
-      }
-    p++;
-    q++;
-    r++;
-    s++;
-  }
+  convolve_image=ConvolveImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,order,kernel,
+    exception);
+  return(convolve_image);
 }
 
-MagickExport Image *DespeckleImage(const Image *image,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+MagickExport Image *ConvolveImageChannel(const Image *image,
+  const ChannelType channel,const size_t order,const double *kernel,
+  ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-#define DespeckleImageTag  "Despeckle/Image"
+#define ConvolveImageTag  "Convolve/Image"
 
   CacheView
-    *despeckle_view,
+    *convolve_view,
     *image_view;
 
-  Image
-    *despeckle_image;
+  double
+    *normal_kernel;
 
-  long
-    channel;
+  Image
+    *convolve_image;
 
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
-  Quantum
-    **buffers,
-    **pixels;
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
+
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    bias;
+
+  MagickRealType
+    gamma;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
 
   size_t
-    length;
+    width;
 
-  static const int
-    X[4] = {0, 1, 1,-1},
-    Y[4] = {1, 0, 1, 1};
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
   /*
-    Allocate despeckled image.
+    Initialize convolve image attributes.
   */
-  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
+  assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
   if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
     (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
   assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
   assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  despeckle_image=CloneImage(image,image->columns,image->rows,MagickTrue,
-    exception);
-  if (despeckle_image == (Image *) NULL)
+  width=order;
+  if ((width % 2) == 0)
+    ThrowImageException(OptionError,"KernelWidthMustBeAnOddNumber");
+  convolve_image=CloneImage(image,0,0,MagickTrue,exception);
+  if (convolve_image == (Image *) NULL)
     return((Image *) NULL);
-  if (SetImageStorageClass(despeckle_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
+  if (SetImageStorageClass(convolve_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
     {
-      InheritException(exception,&despeckle_image->exception);
-      despeckle_image=DestroyImage(despeckle_image);
+      InheritException(exception,&convolve_image->exception);
+      convolve_image=DestroyImage(convolve_image);
       return((Image *) NULL);
     }
-  /*
-    Allocate image buffers.
-  */
-  length=(size_t) ((image->columns+2)*(image->rows+2));
-  pixels=AcquirePixelThreadSet(length);
-  buffers=AcquirePixelThreadSet(length);
-  if ((pixels == (Quantum **) NULL) || (buffers == (Quantum **) NULL))
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
     {
-      if (buffers != (Quantum **) NULL)
-        buffers=DestroyPixelThreadSet(buffers);
-      if (pixels != (Quantum **) NULL)
-        pixels=DestroyPixelThreadSet(pixels);
-      despeckle_image=DestroyImage(despeckle_image);
-      ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
-    }
-  /*
-    Reduce speckle in the image.
+      char
+        format[MaxTextExtent],
+        *message;
+
+      register const double
+        *k;
+
+      ssize_t
+        u,
+        v;
+
+      (void) LogMagickEvent(TransformEvent,GetMagickModule(),
+        "  ConvolveImage with %.20gx%.20g kernel:",(double) width,(double)
+        width);
+      message=AcquireString("");
+      k=kernel;
+      for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
+      {
+        *message='\0';
+        (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%.20g: ",(double) v);
+        (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
+        for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
+        {
+          (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%g ",*k++);
+          (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
+        }
+        (void) LogMagickEvent(TransformEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",message);
+      }
+      message=DestroyString(message);
+    }
+  /*
+    Normalize kernel.
+  */
+  normal_kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory(width*width,
+    sizeof(*normal_kernel));
+  if (normal_kernel == (double *) NULL)
+    {
+      convolve_image=DestroyImage(convolve_image);
+      ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+    }
+  gamma=0.0;
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) (width*width); i++)
+    gamma+=kernel[i];
+  gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) (width*width); i++)
+    normal_kernel[i]=gamma*kernel[i];
+  /*
+    Convolve image.
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
+  progress=0;
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
+  SetMagickPixelPacketBias(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
-  despeckle_view=AcquireCacheView(despeckle_image);
+  convolve_view=AcquireCacheView(convolve_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (channel=0; channel <= 3; channel++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
   {
-    long
-      j,
-      y;
+    MagickBooleanType
+      sync;
 
-    register long
-      i,
-      id,
-      x;
+    register const IndexPacket
+      *restrict indexes;
 
-    register Quantum
-      *buffer,
-      *pixel;
+    register const PixelPacket
+      *restrict p;
+
+    register IndexPacket
+      *restrict convolve_indexes;
+
+    register PixelPacket
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
-    id=GetOpenMPThreadId();
-    pixel=pixels[id];
-    (void) ResetMagickMemory(pixel,0,length*sizeof(*pixel));
-    buffer=buffers[id];
-    j=(long) image->columns+2;
-    for (y=0; y < (long) image->rows; y++)
-    {
-      register const PixelPacket
-        *__restrict p;
-
-      p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,0,y,image->columns,1,exception);
-      if (p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL)
-        break;
-      j++;
-      for (x=0; x < (long) image->columns; x++)
+    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((ssize_t) width/2L),y-(ssize_t)
+      (width/2L),image->columns+width,width,exception);
+    q=GetCacheViewAuthenticPixels(convolve_view,0,y,convolve_image->columns,1,
+      exception);
+    if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
       {
-        switch (channel)
-        {
-          case 0: pixel[j]=p->red; break;
-          case 1: pixel[j]=p->green; break;
-          case 2: pixel[j]=p->blue; break;
-          case 3: pixel[j]=p->opacity; break;
-          default: break;
-        }
-        p++;
-        j++;
+        status=MagickFalse;
+        continue;
       }
-      j++;
-    }
-    (void) ResetMagickMemory(buffer,0,length*sizeof(*buffer));
-    for (i=0; i < 4; i++)
-    {
-      Hull(X[i],Y[i],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,1);
-      Hull(-X[i],-Y[i],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,1);
-      Hull(-X[i],-Y[i],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,-1);
-      Hull(X[i],Y[i],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,-1);
-    }
-    j=(long) image->columns+2;
-    for (y=0; y < (long) image->rows; y++)
+    indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
+    convolve_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(convolve_view);
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
     {
-      MagickBooleanType
-        sync;
+      MagickPixelPacket
+        pixel;
 
-      register PixelPacket
-        *__restrict q;
+      register const double
+        *restrict k;
 
-      q=GetCacheViewAuthenticPixels(despeckle_view,0,y,despeckle_image->columns,
-        1,exception);
-      if (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL)
-        break;
-      j++;
-      for (x=0; x < (long) image->columns; x++)
-      {
-        switch (channel)
+      register const PixelPacket
+        *restrict kernel_pixels;
+
+      register ssize_t
+        u;
+
+      ssize_t
+        v;
+
+      pixel=bias;
+      k=normal_kernel;
+      kernel_pixels=p;
+      if (((channel & OpacityChannel) == 0) || (image->matte == MagickFalse))
         {
-          case 0: q->red=pixel[j]; break;
-          case 1: q->green=pixel[j]; break;
-          case 2: q->blue=pixel[j]; break;
-          case 3: q->opacity=pixel[j]; break;
-          default: break;
+          for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
+          {
+            for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
+            {
+              pixel.red+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].red;
+              pixel.green+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].green;
+              pixel.blue+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].blue;
+              k++;
+            }
+            kernel_pixels+=image->columns+width;
+          }
+          if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.red));
+          if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.green));
+          if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.blue));
+          if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
+            {
+              k=normal_kernel;
+              kernel_pixels=p;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
+                {
+                  pixel.opacity+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].opacity;
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_pixels+=image->columns+width;
+              }
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
+            }
+          if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
+              (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
+            {
+              register const IndexPacket
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
+
+              k=normal_kernel;
+              kernel_indexes=indexes;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
+                {
+                  pixel.index+=(*k)*GetIndexPixelComponent(kernel_indexes+u);
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_indexes+=image->columns+width;
+              }
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(convolve_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(
+                pixel.index));
+            }
         }
-        q++;
-        j++;
-      }
-      sync=SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(despeckle_view,exception);
-      if (sync == MagickFalse)
+      else
         {
-          status=MagickFalse;
-          break;
+          MagickRealType
+            alpha,
+            gamma;
+
+          gamma=0.0;
+          for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
+          {
+            for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
+            {
+              alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
+                kernel_pixels[u].opacity));
+              pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels[u].red;
+              pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels[u].green;
+              pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*kernel_pixels[u].blue;
+              gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
+              k++;
+            }
+            kernel_pixels+=image->columns+width;
+          }
+          gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
+          if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
+          if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
+          if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
+          if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
+            {
+              k=normal_kernel;
+              kernel_pixels=p;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
+                {
+                  pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(kernel_pixels+u);
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_pixels+=image->columns+width;
+              }
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
+            }
+          if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
+              (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
+            {
+              register const IndexPacket
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
+
+              k=normal_kernel;
+              kernel_pixels=p;
+              kernel_indexes=indexes;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
+                {
+                  alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
+                    kernel_pixels[u].opacity));
+                  pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*GetIndexPixelComponent(
+                    kernel_indexes+u);
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_pixels+=image->columns+width;
+                kernel_indexes+=image->columns+width;
+              }
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(convolve_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+                pixel.index));
+            }
         }
-      j++;
+      indexes++;
+      p++;
+      q++;
     }
+    sync=SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(convolve_view,exception);
+    if (sync == MagickFalse)
+      status=MagickFalse;
     if (image->progress_monitor != (MagickProgressMonitor) NULL)
       {
         MagickBooleanType
           proceed;
 
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_DespeckleImage)
+  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_ConvolveImageChannel)
 #endif
-        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,DespeckleImageTag,channel,3);
+        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,ConvolveImageTag,progress++,image->rows);
         if (proceed == MagickFalse)
           status=MagickFalse;
       }
   }
-  despeckle_view=DestroyCacheView(despeckle_view);
+  convolve_image->type=image->type;
+  convolve_view=DestroyCacheView(convolve_view);
   image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
-  buffers=DestroyPixelThreadSet(buffers);
-  pixels=DestroyPixelThreadSet(pixels);
-  despeckle_image->type=image->type;
+  normal_kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(normal_kernel);
   if (status == MagickFalse)
-    despeckle_image=DestroyImage(despeckle_image);
-  return(despeckle_image);
+    convolve_image=DestroyImage(convolve_image);
+  return(convolve_image);
 }
 \f
 /*
@@ -1618,149 +1644,313 @@ MagickExport Image *DespeckleImage(const Image *image,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
-%     E d g e I m a g e                                                       %
+%     D e s p e c k l e I m a g e                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %
-%  EdgeImage() finds edges in an image.  Radius defines the radius of the
-%  convolution filter.  Use a radius of 0 and EdgeImage() selects a suitable
-%  radius for you.
+%  DespeckleImage() reduces the speckle noise in an image while perserving the
+%  edges of the original image.
 %
-%  The format of the EdgeImage method is:
+%  The format of the DespeckleImage method is:
 %
-%      Image *EdgeImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-%        ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *DespeckleImage(const Image *image,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 %
 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 %
 %    o image: the image.
 %
-%    o radius: the radius of the pixel neighborhood.
-%
 %    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
 %
 */
-MagickExport Image *EdgeImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  ExceptionInfo *exception)
+
+static void Hull(const ssize_t x_offset,const ssize_t y_offset,
+  const size_t columns,const size_t rows,Quantum *f,Quantum *g,
+  const int polarity)
 {
-  Image
-    *edge_image;
+  MagickRealType
+    v;
 
-  double
-    *kernel;
+  register Quantum
+    *p,
+    *q,
+    *r,
+    *s;
 
-  register long
-    i;
+  register ssize_t
+    x;
 
-  unsigned long
-    width;
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
-  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
-  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
-  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
-    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
-  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
-  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth1D(radius,0.5);
-  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,width*sizeof(*kernel));
-  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
-    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
-  for (i=0; i < (long) (width*width); i++)
-    kernel[i]=(-1.0);
-  kernel[i/2]=(double) (width*width-1.0);
-  edge_image=ConvolveImage(image,width,kernel,exception);
-  kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
-  return(edge_image);
-}
-\f
-/*
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%     E m b o s s I m a g e                                                   %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-%  EmbossImage() returns a grayscale image with a three-dimensional effect.
-%  We convolve the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and
-%  standard deviation (sigma).  For reasonable results, radius should be
-%  larger than sigma.  Use a radius of 0 and Emboss() selects a suitable
-%  radius for you.
-%
-%  The format of the EmbossImage method is:
-%
-%      Image *EmbossImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-%        const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
-%
-%  A description of each parameter follows:
-%
-%    o image: the image.
-%
-%    o radius: the radius of the pixel neighborhood.
-%
-%    o sigma: the standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels.
-%
-%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
-%
-*/
-MagickExport Image *EmbossImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+  assert(f != (Quantum *) NULL);
+  assert(g != (Quantum *) NULL);
+  p=f+(columns+2);
+  q=g+(columns+2);
+  r=p+(y_offset*((ssize_t) columns+2)+x_offset);
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) rows; y++)
+  {
+    p++;
+    q++;
+    r++;
+    if (polarity > 0)
+      for (x=(ssize_t) columns; x != 0; x--)
+      {
+        v=(MagickRealType) (*p);
+        if ((MagickRealType) *r >= (v+(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2)))
+          v+=ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
+        *q=(Quantum) v;
+        p++;
+        q++;
+        r++;
+      }
+    else
+      for (x=(ssize_t) columns; x != 0; x--)
+      {
+        v=(MagickRealType) (*p);
+        if ((MagickRealType) *r <= (v-(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2)))
+          v-=(ssize_t) ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
+        *q=(Quantum) v;
+        p++;
+        q++;
+        r++;
+      }
+    p++;
+    q++;
+    r++;
+  }
+  p=f+(columns+2);
+  q=g+(columns+2);
+  r=q+(y_offset*((ssize_t) columns+2)+x_offset);
+  s=q-(y_offset*((ssize_t) columns+2)+x_offset);
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) rows; y++)
+  {
+    p++;
+    q++;
+    r++;
+    s++;
+    if (polarity > 0)
+      for (x=(ssize_t) columns; x != 0; x--)
+      {
+        v=(MagickRealType) (*q);
+        if (((MagickRealType) *s >=
+             (v+(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2))) &&
+            ((MagickRealType) *r > v))
+          v+=ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
+        *p=(Quantum) v;
+        p++;
+        q++;
+        r++;
+        s++;
+      }
+    else
+      for (x=(ssize_t) columns; x != 0; x--)
+      {
+        v=(MagickRealType) (*q);
+        if (((MagickRealType) *s <=
+             (v-(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(2))) &&
+            ((MagickRealType) *r < v))
+          v-=(MagickRealType) ScaleCharToQuantum(1);
+        *p=(Quantum) v;
+        p++;
+        q++;
+        r++;
+        s++;
+      }
+    p++;
+    q++;
+    r++;
+    s++;
+  }
+}
+
+MagickExport Image *DespeckleImage(const Image *image,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-  double
-    *kernel;
+#define DespeckleImageTag  "Despeckle/Image"
+
+  CacheView
+    *despeckle_view,
+    *image_view;
 
   Image
-    *emboss_image;
+    *despeckle_image;
 
-  long
-    j;
+  MagickBooleanType
+    status;
 
-  MagickRealType
-    alpha;
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
 
-  register long
-    i,
-    u,
-    v;
+  Quantum
+    *restrict buffers,
+    *restrict pixels;
 
-  unsigned long
-    width;
+  size_t
+    length,
+    number_channels;
 
-  assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
+  static const ssize_t
+    X[4] = {0, 1, 1,-1},
+    Y[4] = {1, 0, 1, 1};
+
+  /*
+    Allocate despeckled image.
+  */
+  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
   if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
     (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
   assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
   assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth2D(radius,sigma);
-  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,width*sizeof(*kernel));
-  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
-    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
-  i=0;
-  j=(long) width/2;
-  for (v=(-((long) width/2)); v <= (long) (width/2); v++)
+  despeckle_image=CloneImage(image,image->columns,image->rows,MagickTrue,
+    exception);
+  if (despeckle_image == (Image *) NULL)
+    return((Image *) NULL);
+  if (SetImageStorageClass(despeckle_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
+    {
+      InheritException(exception,&despeckle_image->exception);
+      despeckle_image=DestroyImage(despeckle_image);
+      return((Image *) NULL);
+    }
+  /*
+    Allocate image buffers.
+  */
+  length=(size_t) ((image->columns+2)*(image->rows+2));
+  pixels=(Quantum *) AcquireQuantumMemory(length,2*sizeof(*pixels));
+  buffers=(Quantum *) AcquireQuantumMemory(length,2*sizeof(*pixels));
+  if ((pixels == (Quantum *) NULL) || (buffers == (Quantum *) NULL))
+    {
+      if (buffers != (Quantum *) NULL)
+        buffers=(Quantum *) RelinquishMagickMemory(buffers);
+      if (pixels != (Quantum *) NULL)
+        pixels=(Quantum *) RelinquishMagickMemory(pixels);
+      despeckle_image=DestroyImage(despeckle_image);
+      ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+    }
+  /*
+    Reduce speckle in the image.
+  */
+  status=MagickTrue;
+  number_channels=(size_t) (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace ? 5 : 4);
+  image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
+  despeckle_view=AcquireCacheView(despeckle_image);
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) number_channels; i++)
   {
-    for (u=(-((long) width/2)); u <= (long) (width/2); u++)
+    register Quantum
+      *buffer,
+      *pixel;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      k,
+      x;
+
+    ssize_t
+      j,
+      y;
+
+    if (status == MagickFalse)
+      continue;
+    pixel=pixels;
+    (void) ResetMagickMemory(pixel,0,length*sizeof(*pixel));
+    buffer=buffers;
+    j=(ssize_t) image->columns+2;
+    for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
     {
-      alpha=exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-      kernel[i]=(double) (((u < 0) || (v < 0) ? -8.0 : 8.0)*alpha/
-        (2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-      if (u != j)
-        kernel[i]=0.0;
-      i++;
+      register const IndexPacket
+        *restrict indexes;
+
+      register const PixelPacket
+        *restrict p;
+
+      p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,0,y,image->columns,1,exception);
+      if (p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL)
+        break;
+      indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
+      j++;
+      for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
+      {
+        switch (i)
+        {
+          case 0: pixel[j]=GetRedPixelComponent(p); break;
+          case 1: pixel[j]=GetGreenPixelComponent(p); break;
+          case 2: pixel[j]=GetBluePixelComponent(p); break;
+          case 3: pixel[j]=GetOpacityPixelComponent(p); break;
+          case 4: pixel[j]=GetBlackPixelComponent(indexes+x); break;
+          default: break;
+        }
+        p++;
+        j++;
+      }
+      j++;
+    }
+    (void) ResetMagickMemory(buffer,0,length*sizeof(*buffer));
+    for (k=0; k < 4; k++)
+    {
+      Hull(X[k],Y[k],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,1);
+      Hull(-X[k],-Y[k],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,1);
+      Hull(-X[k],-Y[k],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,-1);
+      Hull(X[k],Y[k],image->columns,image->rows,pixel,buffer,-1);
+    }
+    j=(ssize_t) image->columns+2;
+    for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
+    {
+      MagickBooleanType
+        sync;
+
+      register IndexPacket
+        *restrict indexes;
+
+      register PixelPacket
+        *restrict q;
+
+      q=GetCacheViewAuthenticPixels(despeckle_view,0,y,despeckle_image->columns,
+        1,exception);
+      if (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL)
+        break;
+      indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(image_view);
+      j++;
+      for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
+      {
+        switch (i)
+        {
+          case 0: SetRedPixelComponent(q,pixel[j]); break;
+          case 1: SetGreenPixelComponent(q,pixel[j]); break;
+          case 2: SetBluePixelComponent(q,pixel[j]); break;
+          case 3: SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,pixel[j]); break;
+          case 4: SetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x,pixel[j]); break;
+          default: break;
+        }
+        q++;
+        j++;
+      }
+      sync=SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(despeckle_view,exception);
+      if (sync == MagickFalse)
+        {
+          status=MagickFalse;
+          break;
+        }
+      j++;
     }
-    j--;
+    if (image->progress_monitor != (MagickProgressMonitor) NULL)
+      {
+        MagickBooleanType
+          proceed;
+
+        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,DespeckleImageTag,(MagickOffsetType) i,
+          number_channels);
+        if (proceed == MagickFalse)
+          status=MagickFalse;
+      }
   }
-  emboss_image=ConvolveImage(image,width,kernel,exception);
-  if (emboss_image != (Image *) NULL)
-    (void) EqualizeImage(emboss_image);
-  kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
-  return(emboss_image);
+  despeckle_view=DestroyCacheView(despeckle_view);
+  image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
+  buffers=(Quantum *) RelinquishMagickMemory(buffers);
+  pixels=(Quantum *) RelinquishMagickMemory(pixels);
+  despeckle_image->type=image->type;
+  if (status == MagickFalse)
+    despeckle_image=DestroyImage(despeckle_image);
+  return(despeckle_image);
 }
 \f
 /*
@@ -1768,73 +1958,118 @@ MagickExport Image *EmbossImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
-%     G a u s s i a n B l u r I m a g e                                       %
+%     E d g e I m a g e                                                       %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %
-%  GaussianBlurImage() blurs an image.  We convolve the image with a
-%  Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).
-%  For reasonable results, the radius should be larger than sigma.  Use a
-%  radius of 0 and GaussianBlurImage() selects a suitable radius for you
+%  EdgeImage() finds edges in an image.  Radius defines the radius of the
+%  convolution filter.  Use a radius of 0 and EdgeImage() selects a suitable
+%  radius for you.
 %
-%  The format of the GaussianBlurImage method is:
+%  The format of the EdgeImage method is:
 %
-%      Image *GaussianBlurImage(const Image *image,onst double radius,
-%        const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
-%      Image *GaussianBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
-%        const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
+%      Image *EdgeImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
 %        ExceptionInfo *exception)
 %
 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 %
 %    o image: the image.
 %
-%    o channel: the channel type.
-%
-%    o radius: the radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
-%      pixel.
-%
-%    o sigma: the standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels.
+%    o radius: the radius of the pixel neighborhood.
 %
 %    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
 %
 */
-
-MagickExport Image *GaussianBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+MagickExport Image *EdgeImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+  ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
   Image
-    *blur_image;
-
-  blur_image=GaussianBlurImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,radius,sigma,
-    exception);
-  return(blur_image);
-}
+    *edge_image;
 
-MagickExport Image *GaussianBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
-  const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
-  ExceptionInfo *exception)
-{
   double
     *kernel;
 
-  Image
-    *blur_image;
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
 
-  MagickRealType
-    alpha;
+  size_t
+    width;
 
-  register long
-    i,
-    u,
-    v;
+  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
+  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
+    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
+  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
+  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
+  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth1D(radius,0.5);
+  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,width*sizeof(*kernel));
+  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
+    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) (width*width); i++)
+    kernel[i]=(-1.0);
+  kernel[i/2]=(double) (width*width-1.0);
+  edge_image=ConvolveImage(image,width,kernel,exception);
+  kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
+  return(edge_image);
+}
+\f
+/*
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%     E m b o s s I m a g e                                                   %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  EmbossImage() returns a grayscale image with a three-dimensional effect.
+%  We convolve the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and
+%  standard deviation (sigma).  For reasonable results, radius should be
+%  larger than sigma.  Use a radius of 0 and Emboss() selects a suitable
+%  radius for you.
+%
+%  The format of the EmbossImage method is:
+%
+%      Image *EmbossImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+%        const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%
+%  A description of each parameter follows:
+%
+%    o image: the image.
+%
+%    o radius: the radius of the pixel neighborhood.
+%
+%    o sigma: the standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels.
+%
+%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
+%
+*/
+MagickExport Image *EmbossImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+  const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
+  double
+    *kernel;
+
+  Image
+    *emboss_image;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
 
-  unsigned long
+  size_t
     width;
 
-  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
+  ssize_t
+    j,
+    k,
+    u,
+    v;
+
+  assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
   if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
     (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
@@ -1844,19 +2079,27 @@ MagickExport Image *GaussianBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,width*sizeof(*kernel));
   if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
     ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+  j=(ssize_t) width/2;
+  k=j;
   i=0;
-  for (v=(-((long) width/2)); v <= (long) (width/2); v++)
+  for (v=(-j); v <= j; v++)
   {
-    for (u=(-((long) width/2)); u <= (long) (width/2); u++)
+    for (u=(-j); u <= j; u++)
     {
-      alpha=exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-      kernel[i]=(double) (alpha/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
+      kernel[i]=(double) (((u < 0) || (v < 0) ? -8.0 : 8.0)*
+        exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma))/
+        (2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
+      if (u != k)
+        kernel[i]=0.0;
       i++;
     }
+    k--;
   }
-  blur_image=ConvolveImageChannel(image,channel,width,kernel,exception);
+  emboss_image=ConvolveImage(image,width,kernel,exception);
+  if (emboss_image != (Image *) NULL)
+    (void) EqualizeImage(emboss_image);
   kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
-  return(blur_image);
+  return(emboss_image);
 }
 \f
 /*
@@ -1864,451 +2107,318 @@ MagickExport Image *GaussianBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
-%     M e d i a n F i l t e r I m a g e                                       %
+%     F i l t e r I m a g e                                                   %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %
-%  MedianFilterImage() applies a digital filter that improves the quality
-%  of a noisy image.  Each pixel is replaced by the median in a set of
-%  neighboring pixels as defined by radius.
+%  FilterImage() applies a custom convolution kernel to the image.
 %
-%  The algorithm was contributed by Mike Edmonds and implements an insertion
-%  sort for selecting median color-channel values.  For more on this algorithm
-%  see "Skip Lists: A probabilistic Alternative to Balanced Trees" by William
-%  Pugh in the June 1990 of Communications of the ACM.
+%  The format of the FilterImage method is:
 %
-%  The format of the MedianFilterImage method is:
-%
-%      Image *MedianFilterImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+%      Image *FilterImage(const Image *image,const KernelInfo *kernel,
 %        ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *FilterImageChannel(const Image *image,const ChannelType channel,
+%        const KernelInfo *kernel,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 %
 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 %
 %    o image: the image.
 %
-%    o radius: the radius of the pixel neighborhood.
+%    o channel: the channel type.
+%
+%    o kernel: the filtering kernel.
 %
 %    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
 %
 */
 
-#define MedianListChannels  5
-
-typedef struct _MedianListNode
+MagickExport Image *FilterImage(const Image *image,const KernelInfo *kernel,
+  ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-  unsigned long
-    next[9],
-    count,
-    signature;
-} MedianListNode;
+  Image
+    *filter_image;
 
-typedef struct _MedianSkipList
+  filter_image=FilterImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,kernel,exception);
+  return(filter_image);
+}
+
+MagickExport Image *FilterImageChannel(const Image *image,
+  const ChannelType channel,const KernelInfo *kernel,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-  long
-    level;
+#define FilterImageTag  "Filter/Image"
 
-  MedianListNode
-    *nodes;
-} MedianSkipList;
+  CacheView
+    *filter_view,
+    *image_view;
 
-typedef struct _MedianPixelList
-{
-  unsigned long
-    center,
-    seed,
-    signature;
+  Image
+    *filter_image;
 
-  MedianSkipList
-    lists[MedianListChannels];
-} MedianPixelList;
+  MagickBooleanType
+    status;
 
-static MedianPixelList *DestroyMedianPixelList(MedianPixelList *pixel_list)
-{
-  register long
-    i;
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
 
-  if (pixel_list == (MedianPixelList *) NULL)
-    return((MedianPixelList *) NULL);
-  for (i=0; i < MedianListChannels; i++)
-    if (pixel_list->lists[i].nodes != (MedianListNode *) NULL)
-      pixel_list->lists[i].nodes=(MedianListNode *) RelinquishMagickMemory(
-        pixel_list->lists[i].nodes);
-  pixel_list=(MedianPixelList *) RelinquishAlignedMemory(pixel_list);
-  return(pixel_list);
-}
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    bias;
 
-static MedianPixelList **DestroyMedianPixelListThreadSet(
-  MedianPixelList **pixel_list)
-{
-  register long
-    i;
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
-  assert(pixel_list != (MedianPixelList **) NULL);
-  for (i=0; i < (long) GetOpenMPMaximumThreads(); i++)
-    if (pixel_list[i] != (MedianPixelList *) NULL)
-      pixel_list[i]=DestroyMedianPixelList(pixel_list[i]);
-  pixel_list=(MedianPixelList **) RelinquishAlignedMemory(pixel_list);
-  return(pixel_list);
-}
+  /*
+    Initialize filter image attributes.
+  */
+  assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
+  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
+    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
+  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
+  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
+  if ((kernel->width % 2) == 0)
+    ThrowImageException(OptionError,"KernelWidthMustBeAnOddNumber");
+  filter_image=CloneImage(image,0,0,MagickTrue,exception);
+  if (filter_image == (Image *) NULL)
+    return((Image *) NULL);
+  if (SetImageStorageClass(filter_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
+    {
+      InheritException(exception,&filter_image->exception);
+      filter_image=DestroyImage(filter_image);
+      return((Image *) NULL);
+    }
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
+    {
+      char
+        format[MaxTextExtent],
+        *message;
 
-static MedianPixelList *AcquireMedianPixelList(const unsigned long width)
-{
-  MedianPixelList
-    *pixel_list;
+      register const double
+        *k;
 
-  register long
-    i;
+      ssize_t
+        u,
+        v;
 
-  pixel_list=(MedianPixelList *) AcquireAlignedMemory(1,sizeof(*pixel_list));
-  if (pixel_list == (MedianPixelList *) NULL)
-    return(pixel_list);
-  (void) ResetMagickMemory((void *) pixel_list,0,sizeof(*pixel_list));
-  pixel_list->center=width*width/2;
-  for (i=0; i < MedianListChannels; i++)
+      (void) LogMagickEvent(TransformEvent,GetMagickModule(),
+        "  FilterImage with %.20gx%.20g kernel:",(double) kernel->width,(double)
+        kernel->height);
+      message=AcquireString("");
+      k=kernel->values;
+      for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) kernel->height; v++)
+      {
+        *message='\0';
+        (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%.20g: ",(double) v);
+        (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
+        for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) kernel->width; u++)
+        {
+          (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%g ",*k++);
+          (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
+        }
+        (void) LogMagickEvent(TransformEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",message);
+      }
+      message=DestroyString(message);
+    }
+  status=AccelerateConvolveImage(image,kernel,filter_image,exception);
+  if (status == MagickTrue)
+    return(filter_image);
+  /*
+    Filter image.
+  */
+  status=MagickTrue;
+  progress=0;
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
+  SetMagickPixelPacketBias(image,&bias);
+  image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
+  filter_view=AcquireCacheView(filter_image);
+#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
+#endif
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
   {
-    pixel_list->lists[i].nodes=(MedianListNode *) AcquireQuantumMemory(65537UL,
-      sizeof(*pixel_list->lists[i].nodes));
-    if (pixel_list->lists[i].nodes == (MedianListNode *) NULL)
-      return(DestroyMedianPixelList(pixel_list));
-    (void) ResetMagickMemory(pixel_list->lists[i].nodes,0,65537UL*
-      sizeof(*pixel_list->lists[i].nodes));
-  }
-  pixel_list->signature=MagickSignature;
-  return(pixel_list);
-}
-
-static MedianPixelList **AcquireMedianPixelListThreadSet(
-  const unsigned long width)
-{
-  register long
-    i;
+    MagickBooleanType
+      sync;
 
-  MedianPixelList
-    **pixel_list;
+    register const IndexPacket
+      *restrict indexes;
 
-  unsigned long
-    number_threads;
+    register const PixelPacket
+      *restrict p;
 
-  number_threads=GetOpenMPMaximumThreads();
-  pixel_list=(MedianPixelList **) AcquireAlignedMemory(number_threads,
-    sizeof(*pixel_list));
-  if (pixel_list == (MedianPixelList **) NULL)
-    return((MedianPixelList **) NULL);
-  (void) ResetMagickMemory(pixel_list,0,number_threads*sizeof(*pixel_list));
-  for (i=0; i < (long) number_threads; i++)
-  {
-    pixel_list[i]=AcquireMedianPixelList(width);
-    if (pixel_list[i] == (MedianPixelList *) NULL)
-      return(DestroyMedianPixelListThreadSet(pixel_list));
-  }
-  return(pixel_list);
-}
+    register IndexPacket
+      *restrict filter_indexes;
 
-static void AddNodeMedianPixelList(MedianPixelList *pixel_list,
-  const long channel,const unsigned long color)
-{
-  register long
-    level;
+    register PixelPacket
+      *restrict q;
 
-  register MedianSkipList
-    *list;
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
-  unsigned long
-    search,
-    update[9];
+    if (status == MagickFalse)
+      continue;
+    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((ssize_t) kernel->width/2L),
+      y-(ssize_t) (kernel->height/2L),image->columns+kernel->width,
+      kernel->height,exception);
+    q=GetCacheViewAuthenticPixels(filter_view,0,y,filter_image->columns,1,
+      exception);
+    if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
+      {
+        status=MagickFalse;
+        continue;
+      }
+    indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
+    filter_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(filter_view);
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
+    {
+      MagickPixelPacket
+        pixel;
 
-  /*
-    Initialize the node.
-  */
-  list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
-  list->nodes[color].signature=pixel_list->signature;
-  list->nodes[color].count=1;
-  /*
-    Determine where it belongs in the list.
-  */
-  search=65536UL;
-  for (level=list->level; level >= 0; level--)
-  {
-    while (list->nodes[search].next[level] < color)
-      search=list->nodes[search].next[level];
-    update[level]=search;
-  }
-  /*
-    Generate a pseudo-random level for this node.
-  */
-  for (level=0; ; level++)
-  {
-    pixel_list->seed=(pixel_list->seed*42893621L)+1L;
-    if ((pixel_list->seed & 0x300) != 0x300)
-      break;
-  }
-  if (level > 8)
-    level=8;
-  if (level > (list->level+2))
-    level=list->level+2;
-  /*
-    If we're raising the list's level, link back to the root node.
-  */
-  while (level > list->level)
-  {
-    list->level++;
-    update[list->level]=65536UL;
-  }
-  /*
-    Link the node into the skip-list.
-  */
-  do
-  {
-    list->nodes[color].next[level]=list->nodes[update[level]].next[level];
-    list->nodes[update[level]].next[level]=color;
-  }
-  while (level-- > 0);
-}
+      register const double
+        *restrict k;
 
-static MagickPixelPacket GetMedianPixelList(MedianPixelList *pixel_list)
-{
-  MagickPixelPacket
-    pixel;
+      register const PixelPacket
+        *restrict kernel_pixels;
 
-  register long
-    channel;
+      register ssize_t
+        u;
 
-  register MedianSkipList
-    *list;
+      ssize_t
+        v;
 
-  unsigned long
-    center,
-    color,
-    count;
-
-  unsigned short
-    channels[MedianListChannels];
-
-  /*
-    Find the median value for each of the color.
-  */
-  center=pixel_list->center;
-  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
-  {
-    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
-    color=65536UL;
-    count=0;
-    do
-    {
-      color=list->nodes[color].next[0];
-      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
-    }
-    while (count <= center);
-    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) color;
-  }
-  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
-  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
-  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
-  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
-  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
-  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
-  return(pixel);
-}
-
-static inline void InsertMedianPixelList(const Image *image,
-  const PixelPacket *pixel,const IndexPacket *indexes,
-  MedianPixelList *pixel_list)
-{
-  unsigned long
-    signature;
-
-  unsigned short
-    index;
-
-  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(pixel->red);
-  signature=pixel_list->lists[0].nodes[index].signature;
-  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
-    pixel_list->lists[0].nodes[index].count++;
-  else
-    AddNodeMedianPixelList(pixel_list,0,index);
-  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(pixel->green);
-  signature=pixel_list->lists[1].nodes[index].signature;
-  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
-    pixel_list->lists[1].nodes[index].count++;
-  else
-    AddNodeMedianPixelList(pixel_list,1,index);
-  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(pixel->blue);
-  signature=pixel_list->lists[2].nodes[index].signature;
-  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
-    pixel_list->lists[2].nodes[index].count++;
-  else
-    AddNodeMedianPixelList(pixel_list,2,index);
-  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(pixel->opacity);
-  signature=pixel_list->lists[3].nodes[index].signature;
-  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
-    pixel_list->lists[3].nodes[index].count++;
-  else
-    AddNodeMedianPixelList(pixel_list,3,index);
-  if (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace)
-    index=ScaleQuantumToShort(*indexes);
-  signature=pixel_list->lists[4].nodes[index].signature;
-  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
-    pixel_list->lists[4].nodes[index].count++;
-  else
-    AddNodeMedianPixelList(pixel_list,4,index);
-}
-
-static void ResetMedianPixelList(MedianPixelList *pixel_list)
-{
-  int
-    level;
-
-  register long
-    channel;
-
-  register MedianListNode
-    *root;
-
-  register MedianSkipList
-    *list;
-
-  /*
-    Reset the skip-list.
-  */
-  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
-  {
-    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
-    root=list->nodes+65536UL;
-    list->level=0;
-    for (level=0; level < 9; level++)
-      root->next[level]=65536UL;
-  }
-  pixel_list->seed=pixel_list->signature++;
-}
-
-MagickExport Image *MedianFilterImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  ExceptionInfo *exception)
-{
-#define MedianFilterImageTag  "MedianFilter/Image"
-
-  Image
-    *median_image;
-
-  long
-    progress,
-    y;
-
-  MagickBooleanType
-    status;
-
-  MedianPixelList
-    **pixel_list;
-
-  unsigned long
-    width;
-
-  CacheView
-    *image_view,
-    *median_view;
-
-  /*
-    Initialize median image attributes.
-  */
-  assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
-  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
-  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
-    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
-  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
-  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth2D(radius,0.5);
-  if ((image->columns < width) || (image->rows < width))
-    ThrowImageException(OptionError,"ImageSmallerThanKernelRadius");
-  median_image=CloneImage(image,image->columns,image->rows,MagickTrue,
-    exception);
-  if (median_image == (Image *) NULL)
-    return((Image *) NULL);
-  if (SetImageStorageClass(median_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
-    {
-      InheritException(exception,&median_image->exception);
-      median_image=DestroyImage(median_image);
-      return((Image *) NULL);
-    }
-  pixel_list=AcquireMedianPixelListThreadSet(width);
-  if (pixel_list == (MedianPixelList **) NULL)
-    {
-      median_image=DestroyImage(median_image);
-      ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
-    }
-  /*
-    Median filter each image row.
-  */
-  status=MagickTrue;
-  progress=0;
-  image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
-  median_view=AcquireCacheView(median_image);
-#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
-#endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) median_image->rows; y++)
-  {
-    register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
-
-    register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p;
-
-    register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict median_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      id,
-      x;
-
-    register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
-
-    if (status == MagickFalse)
-      continue;
-    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((long) width/2L),y-(long) (width/
-      2L),image->columns+width,width,exception);
-    q=QueueCacheViewAuthenticPixels(median_view,0,y,median_image->columns,1,
-      exception);
-    if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
-      {
-        status=MagickFalse;
-        continue;
-      }
-    indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
-    median_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(median_view);
-    id=GetOpenMPThreadId();
-    for (x=0; x < (long) median_image->columns; x++)
-    {
-      MagickPixelPacket
-        pixel;
-
-      register const PixelPacket
-        *__restrict r;
+      pixel=bias;
+      k=kernel->values;
+      kernel_pixels=p;
+      if (((channel & OpacityChannel) == 0) || (image->matte == MagickFalse))
+        {
+          for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) kernel->width; v++)
+          {
+            for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) kernel->height; u++)
+            {
+              pixel.red+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].red;
+              pixel.green+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].green;
+              pixel.blue+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].blue;
+              k++;
+            }
+            kernel_pixels+=image->columns+kernel->width;
+          }
+          if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.red));
+          if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.green));
+          if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.blue));
+          if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
+            {
+              k=kernel->values;
+              kernel_pixels=p;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) kernel->width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) kernel->height; u++)
+                {
+                  pixel.opacity+=(*k)*kernel_pixels[u].opacity;
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_pixels+=image->columns+kernel->width;
+              }
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
+            }
+          if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
+              (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
+            {
+              register const IndexPacket
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
 
-      register const IndexPacket
-        *__restrict s;
+              k=kernel->values;
+              kernel_indexes=indexes;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) kernel->width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) kernel->height; u++)
+                {
+                  pixel.index+=(*k)*GetIndexPixelComponent(kernel_indexes+u);
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_indexes+=image->columns+kernel->width;
+              }
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(filter_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(
+                pixel.index));
+            }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          MagickRealType
+            alpha,
+            gamma;
 
-      register long
-        u,
-        v;
+          gamma=0.0;
+          for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) kernel->width; v++)
+          {
+            for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) kernel->height; u++)
+            {
+              alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
+                GetOpacityPixelComponent(kernel_pixels+u)));
+              pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*GetRedPixelComponent(kernel_pixels+u);
+              pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*GetGreenPixelComponent(kernel_pixels+u);
+              pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*GetBluePixelComponent(kernel_pixels+u);
+              gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
+              k++;
+            }
+            kernel_pixels+=image->columns+kernel->width;
+          }
+          gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
+          if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
+          if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
+          if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
+          if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
+            {
+              k=kernel->values;
+              kernel_pixels=p;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) kernel->width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) kernel->height; u++)
+                {
+                  pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(kernel_pixels+u);
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_pixels+=image->columns+kernel->width;
+              }
+              SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
+            }
+          if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
+              (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
+            {
+              register const IndexPacket
+                *restrict kernel_indexes;
 
-      r=p;
-      s=indexes+x;
-      ResetMedianPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
-      for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
-      {
-        for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
-          InsertMedianPixelList(image,r+u,s+u,pixel_list[id]);
-        r+=image->columns+width;
-        s+=image->columns+width;
-      }
-      pixel=GetMedianPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
-      SetPixelPacket(median_image,&pixel,q,median_indexes+x);
+              k=kernel->values;
+              kernel_pixels=p;
+              kernel_indexes=indexes;
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) kernel->width; v++)
+              {
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) kernel->height; u++)
+                {
+                  alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
+                    kernel_pixels[u].opacity));
+                  pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*GetIndexPixelComponent(
+                    kernel_indexes+u);
+                  k++;
+                }
+                kernel_pixels+=image->columns+kernel->width;
+                kernel_indexes+=image->columns+kernel->width;
+              }
+              SetIndexPixelComponent(filter_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+                pixel.index));
+            }
+        }
+      indexes++;
       p++;
       q++;
     }
-    if (SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(median_view,exception) == MagickFalse)
+    sync=SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(filter_view,exception);
+    if (sync == MagickFalse)
       status=MagickFalse;
     if (image->progress_monitor != (MagickProgressMonitor) NULL)
       {
@@ -2316,18 +2426,19 @@ MagickExport Image *MedianFilterImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
           proceed;
 
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_MedianFilterImage)
+  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_FilterImageChannel)
 #endif
-        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,MedianFilterImageTag,progress++,
-          image->rows);
+        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,FilterImageTag,progress++,image->rows);
         if (proceed == MagickFalse)
           status=MagickFalse;
       }
   }
-  median_view=DestroyCacheView(median_view);
+  filter_image->type=image->type;
+  filter_view=DestroyCacheView(filter_view);
   image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
-  pixel_list=DestroyMedianPixelListThreadSet(pixel_list);
-  return(median_image);
+  if (status == MagickFalse)
+    filter_image=DestroyImage(filter_image);
+  return(filter_image);
 }
 \f
 /*
@@ -2335,27 +2446,24 @@ MagickExport Image *MedianFilterImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
-%     M o t i o n B l u r I m a g e                                           %
+%     G a u s s i a n B l u r I m a g e                                       %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %
-%  MotionBlurImage() simulates motion blur.  We convolve the image with a
+%  GaussianBlurImage() blurs an image.  We convolve the image with a
 %  Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).
-%  For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma.  Use a
-%  radius of 0 and MotionBlurImage() selects a suitable radius for you.
-%  Angle gives the angle of the blurring motion.
-%
-%  Andrew Protano contributed this effect.
+%  For reasonable results, the radius should be larger than sigma.  Use a
+%  radius of 0 and GaussianBlurImage() selects a suitable radius for you
 %
-%  The format of the MotionBlurImage method is:
+%  The format of the GaussianBlurImage method is:
 %
-%    Image *MotionBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-%      const double sigma,const double angle,ExceptionInfo *exception)
-%    Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,const ChannelType channel,
-%      const double radius,const double sigma,const double angle,
-%      ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *GaussianBlurImage(const Image *image,onst double radius,
+%        const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *GaussianBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
+%        const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
+%        ExceptionInfo *exception)
 %
 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 %
@@ -2364,54 +2472,138 @@ MagickExport Image *MedianFilterImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
 %    o channel: the channel type.
 %
 %    o radius: the radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
-%    o radius: the radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting
-%      the center pixel.
+%      pixel.
 %
 %    o sigma: the standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels.
 %
-%    o angle: Apply the effect along this angle.
-%
 %    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
 %
 */
 
-static double *GetMotionBlurKernel(unsigned long width,
-  const MagickRealType sigma)
+MagickExport Image *GaussianBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+  const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-#define KernelRank 3
+  Image
+    *blur_image;
 
+  blur_image=GaussianBlurImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,radius,sigma,
+    exception);
+  return(blur_image);
+}
+
+MagickExport Image *GaussianBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
+  const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
+  ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
   double
     *kernel;
 
-  long
-    bias;
+  Image
+    *blur_image;
 
-  MagickRealType
-    alpha,
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
+
+  size_t
+    width;
+
+  ssize_t
+    j,
+    u,
+    v;
+
+  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
+  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
+    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
+  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
+  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
+  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth2D(radius,sigma);
+  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,width*sizeof(*kernel));
+  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
+    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+  j=(ssize_t) width/2;
+  i=0;
+  for (v=(-j); v <= j; v++)
+  {
+    for (u=(-j); u <= j; u++)
+      kernel[i++]=(double) (exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*
+        MagickSigma))/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
+  }
+  blur_image=ConvolveImageChannel(image,channel,width,kernel,exception);
+  kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
+  return(blur_image);
+}
+\f
+/*
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%     M o t i o n B l u r I m a g e                                           %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  MotionBlurImage() simulates motion blur.  We convolve the image with a
+%  Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).
+%  For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma.  Use a
+%  radius of 0 and MotionBlurImage() selects a suitable radius for you.
+%  Angle gives the angle of the blurring motion.
+%
+%  Andrew Protano contributed this effect.
+%
+%  The format of the MotionBlurImage method is:
+%
+%    Image *MotionBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+%      const double sigma,const double angle,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%    Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,const ChannelType channel,
+%      const double radius,const double sigma,const double angle,
+%      ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%
+%  A description of each parameter follows:
+%
+%    o image: the image.
+%
+%    o channel: the channel type.
+%
+%    o radius: the radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
+%    o radius: the radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting
+%      the center pixel.
+%
+%    o sigma: the standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels.
+%
+%    o angle: Apply the effect along this angle.
+%
+%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
+%
+*/
+
+static double *GetMotionBlurKernel(const size_t width,const double sigma)
+{
+  double
+    *kernel,
     normalize;
 
-  register long
+  register ssize_t
     i;
 
   /*
-    Generate a 1-D convolution kernel.
+   Generate a 1-D convolution kernel.
   */
   (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"...");
   kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,sizeof(*kernel));
   if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
     return(kernel);
-  (void) ResetMagickMemory(kernel,0,(size_t) width*sizeof(*kernel));
-  bias=(long) (KernelRank*width);
-  for (i=0; i < (long) bias; i++)
-  {
-    alpha=exp((-((double) (i*i))/(double) (2.0*KernelRank*KernelRank*
-      MagickSigma*MagickSigma)));
-    kernel[i/KernelRank]+=(double) alpha/(MagickSQ2PI*sigma);
-  }
   normalize=0.0;
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
+  {
+    kernel[i]=(double) (exp((-((double) i*i)/(double) (2.0*MagickSigma*
+      MagickSigma)))/(MagickSQ2PI*MagickSigma));
     normalize+=kernel[i];
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+  }
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
     kernel[i]/=normalize;
   return(kernel);
 }
@@ -2431,12 +2623,9 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
   const double angle,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-  typedef struct _OffsetInfo
-  {
-    long
-      x,
-      y;
-  } OffsetInfo;
+  CacheView
+    *blur_view,
+    *image_view;
 
   double
     *kernel;
@@ -2444,15 +2633,14 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   Image
     *blur_image;
 
-  long
-    progress,
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
+
   MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
+    bias;
 
   OffsetInfo
     *offset;
@@ -2460,15 +2648,14 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   PointInfo
     point;
 
-  register long
+  register ssize_t
     i;
 
-  unsigned long
+  size_t
     width;
 
-  CacheView
-    *blur_view,
-    *image_view;
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
   assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
@@ -2502,32 +2689,32 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
     }
   point.x=(double) width*sin(DegreesToRadians(angle));
   point.y=(double) width*cos(DegreesToRadians(angle));
-  for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
   {
-    offset[i].x=(long) ((i*point.y)/hypot(point.x,point.y)+0.5);
-    offset[i].y=(long) ((i*point.x)/hypot(point.x,point.y)+0.5);
+    offset[i].x=(ssize_t) ceil((double) (i*point.y)/hypot(point.x,point.y)-0.5);
+    offset[i].y=(ssize_t) ceil((double) (i*point.x)/hypot(point.x,point.y)-0.5);
   }
   /*
     Motion blur image.
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&zero);
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   blur_view=AcquireCacheView(blur_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status) omp_throttle(1)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
   {
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict blur_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict blur_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
@@ -2539,7 +2726,7 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
         continue;
       }
     blur_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(blur_view);
-    for (x=0; x < (long) image->columns; x++)
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
     {
       MagickPixelPacket
         qixel;
@@ -2547,20 +2734,20 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       PixelPacket
         pixel;
 
+      register const IndexPacket
+        *restrict indexes;
+
       register double
-        *__restrict k;
+        *restrict k;
 
-      register long
+      register ssize_t
         i;
 
-      register const IndexPacket
-        *__restrict indexes;
-
       k=kernel;
-      qixel=zero;
+      qixel=bias;
       if (((channel & OpacityChannel) == 0) || (image->matte == MagickFalse))
         {
-          for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
           {
             (void) GetOneCacheViewVirtualPixel(image_view,x+offset[i].x,y+
               offset[i].y,&pixel,exception);
@@ -2576,16 +2763,16 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
             k++;
           }
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(qixel.red);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(qixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(qixel.green);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(qixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(qixel.blue);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(qixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-            q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(qixel.opacity);
+            SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(qixel.opacity));
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-            blur_indexes[x]=(IndexPacket) RoundToQuantum(qixel.index);
+            SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(qixel.index));
         }
       else
         {
@@ -2595,11 +2782,12 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
 
           alpha=0.0;
           gamma=0.0;
-          for (i=0; i < (long) width; i++)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) width; i++)
           {
             (void) GetOneCacheViewVirtualPixel(image_view,x+offset[i].x,y+
               offset[i].y,&pixel,exception);
-            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-pixel.opacity));
+            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+              GetAlphaPixelComponent(&pixel));
             qixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*pixel.red;
             qixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*pixel.green;
             qixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*pixel.blue;
@@ -2607,23 +2795,24 @@ MagickExport Image *MotionBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
             if (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace)
               {
                 indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
-                qixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*(*indexes);
+                qixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes);
               }
             gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
             k++;
           }
           gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.red);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*qixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.green);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*qixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.blue);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*qixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-            q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(qixel.opacity);
+            SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(qixel.opacity));
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-            blur_indexes[x]=(IndexPacket) RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.index);
+            SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+              qixel.index));
         }
       q++;
     }
@@ -2709,9 +2898,6 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
   ImageInfo
     *preview_info;
 
-  long
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     proceed;
 
@@ -2724,13 +2910,16 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
   RectangleInfo
     geometry;
 
-  register long
+  register ssize_t
     i,
     x;
 
-  unsigned long
+  size_t
     colors;
 
+  ssize_t
+    y;
+
   /*
     Open output image file.
   */
@@ -2786,10 +2975,11 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
       }
       case RollPreview:
       {
-        x=(long) ((i+1)*thumbnail->columns)/NumberTiles;
-        y=(long) ((i+1)*thumbnail->rows)/NumberTiles;
+        x=(ssize_t) ((i+1)*thumbnail->columns)/NumberTiles;
+        y=(ssize_t) ((i+1)*thumbnail->rows)/NumberTiles;
         preview_image=RollImage(thumbnail,x,y,exception);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"roll %ldx%ld",x,y);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"roll %+.20gx%+.20g",
+          (double) x,(double) y);
         break;
       }
       case HuePreview:
@@ -2808,7 +2998,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         preview_image=CloneImage(thumbnail,0,0,MagickTrue,exception);
         if (preview_image == (Image *) NULL)
           break;
-        (void) FormatMagickString(factor,MaxTextExtent,"100,%g",2.0*percentage);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(factor,MaxTextExtent,"100,%g",
+          2.0*percentage);
         (void) ModulateImage(preview_image,factor);
         (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"modulate %s",factor);
         break;
@@ -2840,7 +3031,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         if (preview_image != (Image *) NULL)
           for (x=0; x < i; x++)
             (void) ContrastImage(preview_image,MagickTrue);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"contrast (%ld)",i+1);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"contrast (%.20g)",
+          (double) i+1);
         break;
       }
       case DullPreview:
@@ -2850,7 +3042,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
           break;
         for (x=0; x < i; x++)
           (void) ContrastImage(preview_image,MagickFalse);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"+contrast (%ld)",i+1);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"+contrast (%.20g)",
+          (double) i+1);
         break;
       }
       case GrayscalePreview:
@@ -2863,7 +3056,7 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         quantize_info.colorspace=GRAYColorspace;
         (void) QuantizeImage(&quantize_info,preview_image);
         (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,
-          "-colorspace gray -colors %ld",colors);
+          "-colorspace gray -colors %.20g",(double) colors);
         break;
       }
       case QuantizePreview:
@@ -2874,7 +3067,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         colors<<=1;
         quantize_info.number_colors=colors;
         (void) QuantizeImage(&quantize_info,preview_image);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"colors %ld",colors);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"colors %.20g",(double)
+          colors);
         break;
       }
       case DespecklePreview:
@@ -2890,12 +3084,14 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         preview_image=DespeckleImage(thumbnail,exception);
         if (preview_image == (Image *) NULL)
           break;
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"despeckle (%ld)",i+1);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"despeckle (%.20g)",
+          (double) i+1);
         break;
       }
       case ReduceNoisePreview:
       {
-        preview_image=ReduceNoiseImage(thumbnail,radius,exception);
+        preview_image=StatisticImage(thumbnail,NonpeakStatistic,(size_t) radius,
+          (size_t) radius,exception);
         (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"noise %g",radius);
         break;
       }
@@ -2939,15 +3135,16 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
             break;
           }
         }
-        preview_image=ReduceNoiseImage(thumbnail,(double) i,exception);
+        preview_image=StatisticImage(thumbnail,NonpeakStatistic,(size_t) i,
+          (size_t) i,exception);
         (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"+noise %s",factor);
         break;
       }
       case SharpenPreview:
       {
         preview_image=SharpenImage(thumbnail,radius,sigma,exception);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"sharpen %gx%g",radius,
-          sigma);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"sharpen %gx%g",
+          radius,sigma);
         break;
       }
       case BlurPreview:
@@ -2977,7 +3174,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
       case SpreadPreview:
       {
         preview_image=SpreadImage(thumbnail,radius,exception);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"spread %g",radius+0.5);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"spread %g",
+          radius+0.5);
         break;
       }
       case SolarizePreview:
@@ -2996,8 +3194,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         degrees+=10.0;
         preview_image=ShadeImage(thumbnail,MagickTrue,degrees,degrees,
           exception);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"shade %gx%g",degrees,
-          degrees);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"shade %gx%g",
+          degrees,degrees);
         break;
       }
       case RaisePreview:
@@ -3005,13 +3203,14 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         preview_image=CloneImage(thumbnail,0,0,MagickTrue,exception);
         if (preview_image == (Image *) NULL)
           break;
-        geometry.width=(unsigned long) (2*i+2);
-        geometry.height=(unsigned long) (2*i+2);
+        geometry.width=(size_t) (2*i+2);
+        geometry.height=(size_t) (2*i+2);
         geometry.x=i/2;
         geometry.y=i/2;
         (void) RaiseImage(preview_image,&geometry,MagickTrue);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"raise %lux%lu%+ld%+ld",
-          geometry.width,geometry.height,geometry.x,geometry.y);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,
+          "raise %.20gx%.20g%+.20g%+.20g",(double) geometry.width,(double)
+          geometry.height,(double) geometry.x,(double) geometry.y);
         break;
       }
       case SegmentPreview:
@@ -3044,8 +3243,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
       {
         degrees+=5.0f;
         preview_image=WaveImage(thumbnail,0.5*degrees,2.0*degrees,exception);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"wave %gx%g",0.5*degrees,
-          2.0*degrees);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"wave %gx%g",
+          0.5*degrees,2.0*degrees);
         break;
       }
       case OilPaintPreview:
@@ -3058,8 +3257,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
       {
         preview_image=CharcoalImage(thumbnail,(double) radius,(double) sigma,
           exception);
-        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"charcoal %gx%g",radius,
-          sigma);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"charcoal %gx%g",
+          radius,sigma);
         break;
       }
       case JPEGPreview:
@@ -3076,8 +3275,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
         preview_image=CloneImage(thumbnail,0,0,MagickTrue,exception);
         if (preview_image == (Image *) NULL)
           break;
-        preview_info->quality=(unsigned long) percentage;
-        (void) FormatMagickString(factor,MaxTextExtent,"%lu",
+        preview_info->quality=(size_t) percentage;
+        (void) FormatMagickString(factor,MaxTextExtent,"%.20g",(double)
           preview_info->quality);
         file=AcquireUniqueFileResource(filename);
         if (file != -1)
@@ -3106,12 +3305,12 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
             1024.0/1024.0);
         else
           if (GetBlobSize(preview_image) >= 1024)
-            (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"quality %s\n%gkb ",
-              factor,(double) ((MagickOffsetType) GetBlobSize(preview_image))/
-              1024.0);
+            (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,
+              "quality %s\n%gkb ",factor,(double) ((MagickOffsetType)
+              GetBlobSize(preview_image))/1024.0);
           else
-            (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"quality %s\n%lub ",
-              factor,(unsigned long) GetBlobSize(thumbnail));
+            (void) FormatMagickString(label,MaxTextExtent,"quality %s\n%.20gb ",
+              factor,(double) GetBlobSize(thumbnail));
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -3124,7 +3323,8 @@ MagickExport Image *PreviewImage(const Image *image,const PreviewType preview,
     (void) DeleteImageProperty(preview_image,"label");
     (void) SetImageProperty(preview_image,"label",label);
     AppendImageToList(&images,preview_image);
-    proceed=SetImageProgress(image,PreviewImageTag,i,NumberTiles);
+    proceed=SetImageProgress(image,PreviewImageTag,(MagickOffsetType) i,
+      NumberTiles);
     if (proceed == MagickFalse)
       break;
   }
@@ -3209,18 +3409,21 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImage(const Image *image,const double angle,
 MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   const ChannelType channel,const double angle,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
+  CacheView
+    *blur_view,
+    *image_view;
+
   Image
     *blur_image;
 
-  long
-    progress,
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
+
   MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
+    bias;
 
   MagickRealType
     blur_radius,
@@ -3232,15 +3435,14 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   PointInfo
     blur_center;
 
-  register long
+  register ssize_t
     i;
 
-  unsigned long
+  size_t
     n;
 
-  CacheView
-    *blur_view,
-    *image_view;
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
   /*
     Allocate blur image.
@@ -3263,8 +3465,7 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   blur_center.x=(double) image->columns/2.0;
   blur_center.y=(double) image->rows/2.0;
   blur_radius=hypot(blur_center.x,blur_center.y);
-  n=(unsigned long) fabs(4.0*DegreesToRadians(angle)*sqrt((double) blur_radius)+
-    2UL);
+  n=(size_t) fabs(4.0*DegreesToRadians(angle)*sqrt((double) blur_radius)+2UL);
   theta=DegreesToRadians(angle)/(MagickRealType) (n-1);
   cos_theta=(MagickRealType *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) n,
     sizeof(*cos_theta));
@@ -3277,7 +3478,7 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
     }
   offset=theta*(MagickRealType) (n-1)/2.0;
-  for (i=0; i < (long) n; i++)
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) n; i++)
   {
     cos_theta[i]=cos((double) (theta*i-offset));
     sin_theta[i]=sin((double) (theta*i-offset));
@@ -3287,25 +3488,25 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&zero);
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   blur_view=AcquireCacheView(blur_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) blur_image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) blur_image->rows; y++)
   {
     register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+      *restrict indexes;
 
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict blur_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict blur_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
@@ -3317,7 +3518,7 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
         continue;
       }
     blur_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(blur_view);
-    for (x=0; x < (long) blur_image->columns; x++)
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) blur_image->columns; x++)
     {
       MagickPixelPacket
         qixel;
@@ -3332,10 +3533,10 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       PointInfo
         center;
 
-      register long
+      register ssize_t
         i;
 
-      unsigned long
+      size_t
         step;
 
       center.x=(double) x-blur_center.x;
@@ -3345,7 +3546,7 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
         step=1;
       else
         {
-          step=(unsigned long) (blur_radius/radius);
+          step=(size_t) (blur_radius/radius);
           if (step == 0)
             step=1;
           else
@@ -3353,15 +3554,15 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
               step=n-1;
         }
       normalize=0.0;
-      qixel=zero;
+      qixel=bias;
       if (((channel & OpacityChannel) == 0) || (image->matte == MagickFalse))
         {
-          for (i=0; i < (long) n; i+=step)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) n; i+=(ssize_t) step)
           {
-            (void) GetOneCacheViewVirtualPixel(image_view,(long) (blur_center.x+
-              center.x*cos_theta[i]-center.y*sin_theta[i]+0.5),(long) (
-              blur_center.y+center.x*sin_theta[i]+center.y*cos_theta[i]+0.5),
-              &pixel,exception);
+            (void) GetOneCacheViewVirtualPixel(image_view,(ssize_t)
+              (blur_center.x+center.x*cos_theta[i]-center.y*sin_theta[i]+0.5),
+              (ssize_t) (blur_center.y+center.x*sin_theta[i]+center.y*
+              cos_theta[i]+0.5),&pixel,exception);
             qixel.red+=pixel.red;
             qixel.green+=pixel.green;
             qixel.blue+=pixel.blue;
@@ -3376,16 +3577,17 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
           normalize=1.0/(fabs((double) normalize) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 :
             normalize);
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(normalize*qixel.red);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(normalize*qixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(normalize*qixel.green);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(normalize*qixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(normalize*qixel.blue);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(normalize*qixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-            q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(normalize*qixel.opacity);
+            SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(normalize*qixel.opacity));
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-            blur_indexes[x]=(IndexPacket) RoundToQuantum(normalize*qixel.index);
+            SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(normalize*
+              qixel.index));
         }
       else
         {
@@ -3395,13 +3597,14 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
 
           alpha=1.0;
           gamma=0.0;
-          for (i=0; i < (long) n; i+=step)
+          for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) n; i+=(ssize_t) step)
           {
-            (void) GetOneCacheViewVirtualPixel(image_view,(long) (blur_center.x+
-              center.x*cos_theta[i]-center.y*sin_theta[i]+0.5),(long) (
-              blur_center.y+center.x*sin_theta[i]+center.y*cos_theta[i]+0.5),
-              &pixel,exception);
-            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-pixel.opacity));
+            (void) GetOneCacheViewVirtualPixel(image_view,(ssize_t)
+              (blur_center.x+center.x*cos_theta[i]-center.y*sin_theta[i]+0.5),
+              (ssize_t) (blur_center.y+center.x*sin_theta[i]+center.y*
+              cos_theta[i]+0.5),&pixel,exception);
+            alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+              GetAlphaPixelComponent(&pixel));
             qixel.red+=alpha*pixel.red;
             qixel.green+=alpha*pixel.green;
             qixel.blue+=alpha*pixel.blue;
@@ -3418,16 +3621,17 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
           normalize=1.0/(fabs((double) normalize) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 :
             normalize);
           if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-            q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.red);
+            SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*qixel.red));
           if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-            q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.green);
+            SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*qixel.green));
           if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-            q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.blue);
+            SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*qixel.blue));
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
-            q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(normalize*qixel.opacity);
+            SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(normalize*qixel.opacity));
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
               (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
-            blur_indexes[x]=(IndexPacket) RoundToQuantum(gamma*qixel.index);
+            SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+              qixel.index));
         }
       q++;
     }
@@ -3460,114 +3664,100 @@ MagickExport Image *RadialBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
-%     R e d u c e N o i s e I m a g e                                         %
+%     S e l e c t i v e B l u r I m a g e                                     %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %                                                                             %
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 %
-%  ReduceNoiseImage() smooths the contours of an image while still preserving
-%  edge information.  The algorithm works by replacing each pixel with its
-%  neighbor closest in value.  A neighbor is defined by radius.  Use a radius
-%  of 0 and ReduceNoise() selects a suitable radius for you.
+%  SelectiveBlurImage() selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.
+%  It is similar to the unsharpen mask that sharpens everything with contrast
+%  above a certain threshold.
 %
-%  The format of the ReduceNoiseImage method is:
+%  The format of the SelectiveBlurImage method is:
 %
-%      Image *ReduceNoiseImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-%        ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *SelectiveBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+%        const double sigma,const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
+%        const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
+%        const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 %
 %  A description of each parameter follows:
 %
 %    o image: the image.
 %
-%    o radius: the radius of the pixel neighborhood.
+%    o channel: the channel type.
+%
+%    o radius: the radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
+%      pixel.
+%
+%    o sigma: the standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels.
+%
+%    o threshold: only pixels within this contrast threshold are included
+%      in the blur operation.
 %
 %    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
 %
 */
 
-static MagickPixelPacket GetNonpeakMedianPixelList(MedianPixelList *pixel_list)
+static inline MagickBooleanType SelectiveContrast(const PixelPacket *p,
+  const PixelPacket *q,const double threshold)
 {
-  MagickPixelPacket
-    pixel;
-
-  register long
-    channel;
-
-  register MedianSkipList
-    *list;
-
-  unsigned long
-    center,
-    color,
-    count,
-    previous,
-    next;
+  if (fabs(PixelIntensity(p)-PixelIntensity(q)) < threshold)
+    return(MagickTrue);
+  return(MagickFalse);
+}
 
-  unsigned short
-    channels[5];
+MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+  const double sigma,const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
+  Image
+    *blur_image;
 
-  /*
-    Finds the median value for each of the color.
-  */
-  center=pixel_list->center;
-  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
-  {
-    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
-    color=65536UL;
-    next=list->nodes[color].next[0];
-    count=0;
-    do
-    {
-      previous=color;
-      color=next;
-      next=list->nodes[color].next[0];
-      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
-    }
-    while (count <= center);
-    if ((previous == 65536UL) && (next != 65536UL))
-      color=next;
-    else
-      if ((previous != 65536UL) && (next == 65536UL))
-        color=previous;
-    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) color;
-  }
-  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
-  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
-  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
-  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
-  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
-  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
-  return(pixel);
+  blur_image=SelectiveBlurImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,radius,sigma,
+    threshold,exception);
+  return(blur_image);
 }
 
-MagickExport Image *ReduceNoiseImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  ExceptionInfo *exception)
+MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
+  const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
+  const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
 {
-#define ReduceNoiseImageTag  "ReduceNoise/Image"
+#define SelectiveBlurImageTag  "SelectiveBlur/Image"
 
-  Image
-    *noise_image;
+  CacheView
+    *blur_view,
+    *image_view;
 
-  long
-    progress,
-    y;
+  double
+    *kernel;
+
+  Image
+    *blur_image;
 
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
-  MedianPixelList
-    **pixel_list;
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
 
-  unsigned long
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    bias;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
+
+  size_t
     width;
 
-  CacheView
-    *image_view,
-    *noise_view;
+  ssize_t
+    j,
+    u,
+    v,
+    y;
 
   /*
-    Initialize noise image attributes.
+    Initialize blur image attributes.
   */
   assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
@@ -3575,263 +3765,42 @@ MagickExport Image *ReduceNoiseImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
     (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
   assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
   assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth2D(radius,0.5);
-  if ((image->columns < width) || (image->rows < width))
-    ThrowImageException(OptionError,"ImageSmallerThanKernelRadius");
-  noise_image=CloneImage(image,image->columns,image->rows,MagickTrue,
-    exception);
-  if (noise_image == (Image *) NULL)
-    return((Image *) NULL);
-  if (SetImageStorageClass(noise_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
-    {
-      InheritException(exception,&noise_image->exception);
-      noise_image=DestroyImage(noise_image);
-      return((Image *) NULL);
-    }
-  pixel_list=AcquireMedianPixelListThreadSet(width);
-  if (pixel_list == (MedianPixelList **) NULL)
-    {
-      noise_image=DestroyImage(noise_image);
-      ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
-    }
-  /*
-    Reduce noise image.
-  */
-  status=MagickTrue;
-  progress=0;
-  image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
-  noise_view=AcquireCacheView(noise_image);
-#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
-#endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) noise_image->rows; y++)
-  {
-    register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
-
-    register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p;
-
-    register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict noise_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      id,
-      x;
-
-    register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
-
-    if (status == MagickFalse)
-      continue;
-    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((long) width/2L),y-(long) (width/
-      2L),image->columns+width,width,exception);
-    q=QueueCacheViewAuthenticPixels(noise_view,0,y,noise_image->columns,1,
-      exception);
-    if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
-      {
-        status=MagickFalse;
-        continue;
-      }
-    indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
-    noise_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(noise_view);
-    id=GetOpenMPThreadId();
-    for (x=0; x < (long) noise_image->columns; x++)
-    {
-      MagickPixelPacket
-        pixel;
-
-      register const PixelPacket
-        *__restrict r;
-
-      register const IndexPacket
-        *__restrict s;
-
-      register long
-        u,
-        v;
-
-      r=p;
-      s=indexes+x;
-      ResetMedianPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
-      for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
-      {
-        for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
-          InsertMedianPixelList(image,r+u,s+u,pixel_list[id]);
-        r+=image->columns+width;
-        s+=image->columns+width;
-      }
-      pixel=GetNonpeakMedianPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
-      SetPixelPacket(noise_image,&pixel,q,noise_indexes+x);
-      p++;
-      q++;
-    }
-    if (SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(noise_view,exception) == MagickFalse)
-      status=MagickFalse;
-    if (image->progress_monitor != (MagickProgressMonitor) NULL)
-      {
-        MagickBooleanType
-          proceed;
-
-#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_ReduceNoiseImage)
-#endif
-        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,ReduceNoiseImageTag,progress++,
-          image->rows);
-        if (proceed == MagickFalse)
-          status=MagickFalse;
-      }
-  }
-  noise_view=DestroyCacheView(noise_view);
-  image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
-  pixel_list=DestroyMedianPixelListThreadSet(pixel_list);
-  return(noise_image);
-}
-\f
-/*
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%     S e l e c t i v e B l u r I m a g e                                     %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-%  SelectiveBlurImage() selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.
-%  It is similar to the unsharpen mask that sharpens everything with contrast
-%  above a certain threshold.
-%
-%  The format of the SelectiveBlurImage method is:
-%
-%      Image *SelectiveBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-%        const double sigma,const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
-%      Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
-%        const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
-%        const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
-%
-%  A description of each parameter follows:
-%
-%    o image: the image.
-%
-%    o channel: the channel type.
-%
-%    o radius: the radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
-%      pixel.
-%
-%    o sigma: the standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels.
-%
-%    o threshold: only pixels within this contrast threshold are included
-%      in the blur operation.
-%
-%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
-%
-*/
-
-static inline MagickBooleanType SelectiveContrast(const PixelPacket *p,
-  const PixelPacket *q,const double threshold)
-{
-  if (fabs(PixelIntensity(p)-PixelIntensity(q)) < threshold)
-    return(MagickTrue);
-  return(MagickFalse);
-}
-
-MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  const double sigma,const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
-{
-  Image
-    *blur_image;
-
-  blur_image=SelectiveBlurImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,radius,sigma,
-    threshold,exception);
-  return(blur_image);
-}
-
-MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
-  const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
-  const double threshold,ExceptionInfo *exception)
-{
-#define SelectiveBlurImageTag  "SelectiveBlur/Image"
-
-  double
-    alpha,
-    *kernel;
-
-  Image
-    *blur_image;
-
-  long
-    progress,
-    v,
-    y;
-
-  MagickBooleanType
-    status;
-
-  MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
-
-  MagickRealType
-    bias;
-
-  register long
-    i,
-    u;
-
-  unsigned long
-    width;
-
-  CacheView
-    *blur_view,
-    *image_view;
-
-  /*
-    Initialize blur image attributes.
-  */
-  assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
-  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
-  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
-    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
-  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
-  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth1D(radius,sigma);
-  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,width*sizeof(*kernel));
-  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
-    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
-  i=0;
-  for (v=(-((long) width/2)); v <= (long) (width/2); v++)
-  {
-    for (u=(-((long) width/2)); u <= (long) (width/2); u++)
-    {
-      alpha=exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-      kernel[i]=(double) (alpha/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-      i++;
-    }
-  }
-  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
+  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth1D(radius,sigma);
+  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width,width*sizeof(*kernel));
+  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
+    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+  j=(ssize_t) width/2;
+  i=0;
+  for (v=(-j); v <= j; v++)
+  {
+    for (u=(-j); u <= j; u++)
+      kernel[i++]=(double) (exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*
+        MagickSigma))/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
+  }
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
     {
       char
         format[MaxTextExtent],
         *message;
 
-      long
-        u,
-        v;
-
       register const double
         *k;
 
+      ssize_t
+        u,
+        v;
+
       (void) LogMagickEvent(TransformEvent,GetMagickModule(),
-        "  SelectiveBlurImage with %ldx%ld kernel:",width,width);
+        "  SelectiveBlurImage with %.20gx%.20g kernel:",(double) width,(double)
+        width);
       message=AcquireString("");
       k=kernel;
-      for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
+      for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
       {
         *message='\0';
-        (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%ld: ",v);
+        (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%.20g: ",(double) v);
         (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
-        for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
+        for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
         {
           (void) FormatMagickString(format,MaxTextExtent,"%+f ",*k++);
           (void) ConcatenateString(&message,format);
@@ -3854,14 +3823,14 @@ MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&zero);
-  bias=image->bias;
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
+  SetMagickPixelPacketBias(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   blur_view=AcquireCacheView(blur_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
   {
     MagickBooleanType
       sync;
@@ -3870,24 +3839,24 @@ MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       gamma;
 
     register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+      *restrict indexes;
 
     register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p;
+      *restrict p;
 
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict blur_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict blur_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
-    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((long) width/2L),y-(long) (width/
-      2L),image->columns+width,width,exception);
+    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((ssize_t) width/2L),y-(ssize_t)
+      (width/2L),image->columns+width,width,exception);
     q=GetCacheViewAuthenticPixels(blur_view,0,y,blur_image->columns,1,
       exception);
     if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
@@ -3897,59 +3866,59 @@ MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
       }
     indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
     blur_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(blur_view);
-    for (x=0; x < (long) image->columns; x++)
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
     {
-      long
-        j,
-        v;
-
       MagickPixelPacket
         pixel;
 
       register const double
-        *__restrict k;
+        *restrict k;
 
-      register long
+      register ssize_t
         u;
 
-      pixel=zero;
+      ssize_t
+        j,
+        v;
+
+      pixel=bias;
       k=kernel;
       gamma=0.0;
       j=0;
       if (((channel & OpacityChannel) == 0) || (image->matte == MagickFalse))
         {
-          for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
+          for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
           {
-            for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
+            for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
             {
               if (SelectiveContrast(p+u+j,q,threshold) != MagickFalse)
                 {
-                  pixel.red+=(*k)*(p+u+j)->red;
-                  pixel.green+=(*k)*(p+u+j)->green;
-                  pixel.blue+=(*k)*(p+u+j)->blue;
+                  pixel.red+=(*k)*GetRedPixelComponent(p+u+j);
+                  pixel.green+=(*k)*GetGreenPixelComponent(p+u+j);
+                  pixel.blue+=(*k)*GetBluePixelComponent(p+u+j);
                   gamma+=(*k);
                   k++;
                 }
             }
-            j+=image->columns+width;
+            j+=(ssize_t) (image->columns+width);
           }
           if (gamma != 0.0)
             {
               gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
               if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-                q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red+bias);
+                SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
               if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-                q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green+bias);
+                SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
               if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-                q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue+bias);
+                SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
             }
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
             {
               gamma=0.0;
               j=0;
-              for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
               {
-                for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
                 {
                   if (SelectiveContrast(p+u+j,q,threshold) != MagickFalse)
                     {
@@ -3958,13 +3927,14 @@ MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
                       k++;
                     }
                 }
-                j+=image->columns+width;
+                j+=(ssize_t) (image->columns+width);
               }
               if (gamma != 0.0)
                 {
                   gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 :
                     gamma);
-                  q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.opacity+bias);
+                  SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+                    pixel.opacity));
                 }
             }
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
@@ -3972,24 +3942,25 @@ MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
             {
               gamma=0.0;
               j=0;
-              for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
               {
-                for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
                 {
                   if (SelectiveContrast(p+u+j,q,threshold) != MagickFalse)
                     {
-                      pixel.index+=(*k)*indexes[x+u+j];
+                      pixel.index+=(*k)*GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x+u+j);
                       gamma+=(*k);
                       k++;
                     }
                 }
-                j+=image->columns+width;
+                j+=(ssize_t) (image->columns+width);
               }
               if (gamma != 0.0)
                 {
                   gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 :
                     gamma);
-                  blur_indexes[x]=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.index+bias);
+                  SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+                    pixel.index));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -3998,56 +3969,56 @@ MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
           MagickRealType
             alpha;
 
-          for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
+          for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
           {
-            for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
+            for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
             {
               if (SelectiveContrast(p+u+j,q,threshold) != MagickFalse)
                 {
-                  alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
-                    (p+u+j)->opacity));
-                  pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*(p+u+j)->red;
-                  pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*(p+u+j)->green;
-                  pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*(p+u+j)->blue;
-                  pixel.opacity+=(*k)*(p+u+j)->opacity;
+                  alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+                    GetAlphaPixelComponent(p+u+j));
+                  pixel.red+=(*k)*alpha*GetRedPixelComponent(p+u+j);
+                  pixel.green+=(*k)*alpha*GetGreenPixelComponent(p+u+j);
+                  pixel.blue+=(*k)*alpha*GetBluePixelComponent(p+u+j);
+                  pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(p+u+j);
                   gamma+=(*k)*alpha;
                   k++;
                 }
             }
-            j+=image->columns+width;
+            j+=(ssize_t) (image->columns+width);
           }
           if (gamma != 0.0)
             {
               gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 : gamma);
               if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
-                q->red=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red+bias);
+                SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.red));
               if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
-                q->green=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green+bias);
+                SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.green));
               if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
-                q->blue=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue+bias);
+                SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(gamma*pixel.blue));
             }
           if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
             {
               gamma=0.0;
               j=0;
-              for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
               {
-                for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
                 {
                   if (SelectiveContrast(p+u+j,q,threshold) != MagickFalse)
                     {
-                      pixel.opacity+=(*k)*(p+u+j)->opacity;
+                      pixel.opacity+=(*k)*GetOpacityPixelComponent(p+u+j);
                       gamma+=(*k);
                       k++;
                     }
                 }
-                j+=image->columns+width;
+                j+=(ssize_t) (image->columns+width);
               }
               if (gamma != 0.0)
                 {
                   gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 :
                     gamma);
-                  q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity+bias);
+                  SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
                 }
             }
           if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
@@ -4055,26 +4026,28 @@ MagickExport Image *SelectiveBlurImageChannel(const Image *image,
             {
               gamma=0.0;
               j=0;
-              for (v=0; v < (long) width; v++)
+              for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) width; v++)
               {
-                for (u=0; u < (long) width; u++)
+                for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) width; u++)
                 {
                   if (SelectiveContrast(p+u+j,q,threshold) != MagickFalse)
                     {
-                      alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*(QuantumRange-
-                        (p+u+j)->opacity));
-                      pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*indexes[x+u+j];
+                      alpha=(MagickRealType) (QuantumScale*
+                        GetAlphaPixelComponent(p+u+j));
+                      pixel.index+=(*k)*alpha*GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x+
+                        u+j);
                       gamma+=(*k);
                       k++;
                     }
                 }
-                j+=image->columns+width;
+                j+=(ssize_t) (image->columns+width);
               }
               if (gamma != 0.0)
                 {
                   gamma=1.0/(fabs((double) gamma) <= MagickEpsilon ? 1.0 :
                     gamma);
-                  blur_indexes[x]=RoundToQuantum(gamma*pixel.index+bias);
+                  SetIndexPixelComponent(blur_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(gamma*
+                    pixel.index));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -4144,22 +4117,24 @@ MagickExport Image *ShadeImage(const Image *image,const MagickBooleanType gray,
 {
 #define ShadeImageTag  "Shade/Image"
 
+  CacheView
+    *image_view,
+    *shade_view;
+
   Image
     *shade_image;
 
-  long
-    progress,
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
+
   PrimaryInfo
     light;
 
-  CacheView
-    *image_view,
-    *shade_view;
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
   /*
     Initialize shaded image attributes.
@@ -4195,9 +4170,9 @@ MagickExport Image *ShadeImage(const Image *image,const MagickBooleanType gray,
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   shade_view=AcquireCacheView(shade_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
   {
     MagickRealType
       distance,
@@ -4208,16 +4183,16 @@ MagickExport Image *ShadeImage(const Image *image,const MagickBooleanType gray,
       normal;
 
     register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p,
-      *__restrict s0,
-      *__restrict s1,
-      *__restrict s2;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict p,
+      *restrict s0,
+      *restrict s1,
+      *restrict s2;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
@@ -4236,7 +4211,7 @@ MagickExport Image *ShadeImage(const Image *image,const MagickBooleanType gray,
     s0=p+1;
     s1=s0+image->columns+2;
     s2=s1+image->columns+2;
-    for (x=0; x < (long) image->columns; x++)
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
     {
       /*
         Determine the surface normal and compute shading.
@@ -4263,15 +4238,18 @@ MagickExport Image *ShadeImage(const Image *image,const MagickBooleanType gray,
         }
       if (gray != MagickFalse)
         {
-          q->red=(Quantum) shade;
-          q->green=(Quantum) shade;
-          q->blue=(Quantum) shade;
+          SetRedPixelComponent(q,shade);
+          SetGreenPixelComponent(q,shade);
+          SetBluePixelComponent(q,shade);
         }
       else
         {
-          q->red=RoundToQuantum(QuantumScale*shade*s1->red);
-          q->green=RoundToQuantum(QuantumScale*shade*s1->green);
-          q->blue=RoundToQuantum(QuantumScale*shade*s1->blue);
+          SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(QuantumScale*shade*
+            GetRedPixelComponent(s1)));
+          SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(QuantumScale*shade*
+            GetGreenPixelComponent(s1)));
+          SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(QuantumScale*shade*
+            GetBluePixelComponent(s1)));
         }
       q->opacity=s1->opacity;
       s0++;
@@ -4344,126 +4322,898 @@ MagickExport Image *ShadeImage(const Image *image,const MagickBooleanType gray,
 %
 */
 
-MagickExport Image *SharpenImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+MagickExport Image *SharpenImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+  const double sigma,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
+  Image
+    *sharp_image;
+
+  sharp_image=SharpenImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,radius,sigma,exception);
+  return(sharp_image);
+}
+
+MagickExport Image *SharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
+  const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
+  ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
+  double
+    *kernel,
+    normalize;
+
+  Image
+    *sharp_image;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
+
+  size_t
+    width;
+
+  ssize_t
+    j,
+    u,
+    v;
+
+  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
+  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
+    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
+  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
+  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
+  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth2D(radius,sigma);
+  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width*width,sizeof(*kernel));
+  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
+    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+  normalize=0.0;
+  j=(ssize_t) width/2;
+  i=0;
+  for (v=(-j); v <= j; v++)
+  {
+    for (u=(-j); u <= j; u++)
+    {
+      kernel[i]=(double) (-exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*
+        MagickSigma))/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
+      normalize+=kernel[i];
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+  kernel[i/2]=(double) ((-2.0)*normalize);
+  sharp_image=ConvolveImageChannel(image,channel,width,kernel,exception);
+  kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
+  return(sharp_image);
+}
+\f
+/*
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%     S p r e a d I m a g e                                                   %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  SpreadImage() is a special effects method that randomly displaces each
+%  pixel in a block defined by the radius parameter.
+%
+%  The format of the SpreadImage method is:
+%
+%      Image *SpreadImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+%        ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%
+%  A description of each parameter follows:
+%
+%    o image: the image.
+%
+%    o radius:  Choose a random pixel in a neighborhood of this extent.
+%
+%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
+%
+*/
+MagickExport Image *SpreadImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
+  ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
+#define SpreadImageTag  "Spread/Image"
+
+  CacheView
+    *image_view,
+    *spread_view;
+
+  Image
+    *spread_image;
+
+  MagickBooleanType
+    status;
+
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
+
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    bias;
+
+  RandomInfo
+    **restrict random_info;
+
+  size_t
+    width;
+
+  ssize_t
+    y;
+
+  /*
+    Initialize spread image attributes.
+  */
+  assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
+  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
+  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
+    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
+  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
+  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
+  spread_image=CloneImage(image,image->columns,image->rows,MagickTrue,
+    exception);
+  if (spread_image == (Image *) NULL)
+    return((Image *) NULL);
+  if (SetImageStorageClass(spread_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
+    {
+      InheritException(exception,&spread_image->exception);
+      spread_image=DestroyImage(spread_image);
+      return((Image *) NULL);
+    }
+  /*
+    Spread image.
+  */
+  status=MagickTrue;
+  progress=0;
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(spread_image,&bias);
+  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth1D(radius,0.5);
+  random_info=AcquireRandomInfoThreadSet();
+  image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
+  spread_view=AcquireCacheView(spread_image);
+#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status) omp_throttle(1)
+#endif
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) spread_image->rows; y++)
+  {
+    const int
+      id = GetOpenMPThreadId();
+
+    MagickPixelPacket
+      pixel;
+
+    register IndexPacket
+      *restrict indexes;
+
+    register PixelPacket
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
+
+    if (status == MagickFalse)
+      continue;
+    q=QueueCacheViewAuthenticPixels(spread_view,0,y,spread_image->columns,1,
+      exception);
+    if (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL)
+      {
+        status=MagickFalse;
+        continue;
+      }
+    indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(spread_view);
+    pixel=bias;
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) spread_image->columns; x++)
+    {
+      (void) InterpolateMagickPixelPacket(image,image_view,
+        UndefinedInterpolatePixel,(double) x+width*(GetPseudoRandomValue(
+        random_info[id])-0.5),(double) y+width*(GetPseudoRandomValue(
+        random_info[id])-0.5),&pixel,exception);
+      SetPixelPacket(spread_image,&pixel,q,indexes+x);
+      q++;
+    }
+    if (SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(spread_view,exception) == MagickFalse)
+      status=MagickFalse;
+    if (image->progress_monitor != (MagickProgressMonitor) NULL)
+      {
+        MagickBooleanType
+          proceed;
+
+#if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
+  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_SpreadImage)
+#endif
+        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,SpreadImageTag,progress++,image->rows);
+        if (proceed == MagickFalse)
+          status=MagickFalse;
+      }
+  }
+  spread_view=DestroyCacheView(spread_view);
+  image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
+  random_info=DestroyRandomInfoThreadSet(random_info);
+  return(spread_image);
+}
+\f
+/*
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%     S t a t i s t i c I m a g e                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%                                                                             %
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+%
+%  StatisticImage() makes each pixel the min / max / median / mode / etc. of
+%  the neighborhood of the specified width and height.
+%
+%  The format of the StatisticImage method is:
+%
+%      Image *StatisticImage(const Image *image,const StatisticType type,
+%        const size_t width,const size_t height,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%      Image *StatisticImageChannel(const Image *image,
+%        const ChannelType channel,const StatisticType type,
+%        const size_t width,const size_t height,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+%
+%  A description of each parameter follows:
+%
+%    o image: the image.
+%
+%    o channel: the image channel.
+%
+%    o type: the statistic type (median, mode, etc.).
+%
+%    o width: the width of the pixel neighborhood.
+%
+%    o height: the height of the pixel neighborhood.
+%
+%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
+%
+*/
+
+#define ListChannels  5
+
+typedef struct _ListNode
+{
+  size_t
+    next[9],
+    count,
+    signature;
+} ListNode;
+
+typedef struct _SkipList
+{
+  ssize_t
+    level;
+
+  ListNode
+    *nodes;
+} SkipList;
+
+typedef struct _PixelList
+{
+  size_t
+    length,
+    seed,
+    signature;
+
+  SkipList
+    lists[ListChannels];
+} PixelList;
+
+static PixelList *DestroyPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
+
+  if (pixel_list == (PixelList *) NULL)
+    return((PixelList *) NULL);
+  for (i=0; i < ListChannels; i++)
+    if (pixel_list->lists[i].nodes != (ListNode *) NULL)
+      pixel_list->lists[i].nodes=(ListNode *) RelinquishMagickMemory(
+        pixel_list->lists[i].nodes);
+  pixel_list=(PixelList *) RelinquishMagickMemory(pixel_list);
+  return(pixel_list);
+}
+
+static PixelList **DestroyPixelListThreadSet(PixelList **pixel_list)
+{
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
+
+  assert(pixel_list != (PixelList **) NULL);
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) GetOpenMPMaximumThreads(); i++)
+    if (pixel_list[i] != (PixelList *) NULL)
+      pixel_list[i]=DestroyPixelList(pixel_list[i]);
+  pixel_list=(PixelList **) RelinquishMagickMemory(pixel_list);
+  return(pixel_list);
+}
+
+static PixelList *AcquirePixelList(const size_t width,const size_t height)
+{
+  PixelList
+    *pixel_list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
+
+  pixel_list=(PixelList *) AcquireMagickMemory(sizeof(*pixel_list));
+  if (pixel_list == (PixelList *) NULL)
+    return(pixel_list);
+  (void) ResetMagickMemory((void *) pixel_list,0,sizeof(*pixel_list));
+  pixel_list->length=width*height;
+  for (i=0; i < ListChannels; i++)
+  {
+    pixel_list->lists[i].nodes=(ListNode *) AcquireQuantumMemory(65537UL,
+      sizeof(*pixel_list->lists[i].nodes));
+    if (pixel_list->lists[i].nodes == (ListNode *) NULL)
+      return(DestroyPixelList(pixel_list));
+    (void) ResetMagickMemory(pixel_list->lists[i].nodes,0,65537UL*
+      sizeof(*pixel_list->lists[i].nodes));
+  }
+  pixel_list->signature=MagickSignature;
+  return(pixel_list);
+}
+
+static PixelList **AcquirePixelListThreadSet(const size_t width,
+  const size_t height)
+{
+  PixelList
+    **pixel_list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    i;
+
+  size_t
+    number_threads;
+
+  number_threads=GetOpenMPMaximumThreads();
+  pixel_list=(PixelList **) AcquireQuantumMemory(number_threads,
+    sizeof(*pixel_list));
+  if (pixel_list == (PixelList **) NULL)
+    return((PixelList **) NULL);
+  (void) ResetMagickMemory(pixel_list,0,number_threads*sizeof(*pixel_list));
+  for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) number_threads; i++)
+  {
+    pixel_list[i]=AcquirePixelList(width,height);
+    if (pixel_list[i] == (PixelList *) NULL)
+      return(DestroyPixelListThreadSet(pixel_list));
+  }
+  return(pixel_list);
+}
+
+static void AddNodePixelList(PixelList *pixel_list,const ssize_t channel,
+  const size_t color)
+{
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    level;
+
+  size_t
+    search,
+    update[9];
+
+  /*
+    Initialize the node.
+  */
+  list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+  list->nodes[color].signature=pixel_list->signature;
+  list->nodes[color].count=1;
+  /*
+    Determine where it belongs in the list.
+  */
+  search=65536UL;
+  for (level=list->level; level >= 0; level--)
+  {
+    while (list->nodes[search].next[level] < color)
+      search=list->nodes[search].next[level];
+    update[level]=search;
+  }
+  /*
+    Generate a pseudo-random level for this node.
+  */
+  for (level=0; ; level++)
+  {
+    pixel_list->seed=(pixel_list->seed*42893621L)+1L;
+    if ((pixel_list->seed & 0x300) != 0x300)
+      break;
+  }
+  if (level > 8)
+    level=8;
+  if (level > (list->level+2))
+    level=list->level+2;
+  /*
+    If we're raising the list's level, link back to the root node.
+  */
+  while (level > list->level)
+  {
+    list->level++;
+    update[list->level]=65536UL;
+  }
+  /*
+    Link the node into the skip-list.
+  */
+  do
+  {
+    list->nodes[color].next[level]=list->nodes[update[level]].next[level];
+    list->nodes[update[level]].next[level]=color;
+  } while (level-- > 0);
+}
+
+static MagickPixelPacket GetMaximumPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    pixel;
+
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
+
+  size_t
+    color,
+    maximum;
+
+  ssize_t
+    count;
+
+  unsigned short
+    channels[ListChannels];
+
+  /*
+    Find the maximum value for each of the color.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
+  {
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    color=65536L;
+    count=0;
+    maximum=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+    do
+    {
+      color=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+      if (color > maximum)
+        maximum=color;
+      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
+    } while (count < (ssize_t) pixel_list->length);
+    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) maximum;
+  }
+  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
+  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
+  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
+  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
+  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
+  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
+  return(pixel);
+}
+
+static MagickPixelPacket GetMeanPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    pixel;
+
+  MagickRealType
+    sum;
+
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
+
+  size_t
+    color;
+
+  ssize_t
+    count;
+
+  unsigned short
+    channels[ListChannels];
+
+  /*
+    Find the mean value for each of the color.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
+  {
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    color=65536L;
+    count=0;
+    sum=0.0;
+    do
+    {
+      color=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+      sum+=(MagickRealType) list->nodes[color].count*color;
+      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
+    } while (count < (ssize_t) pixel_list->length);
+    sum/=pixel_list->length;
+    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) sum;
+  }
+  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
+  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
+  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
+  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
+  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
+  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
+  return(pixel);
+}
+
+static MagickPixelPacket GetMedianPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    pixel;
+
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
+
+  size_t
+    color;
+
+  ssize_t
+    count;
+
+  unsigned short
+    channels[ListChannels];
+
+  /*
+    Find the median value for each of the color.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
+  {
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    color=65536L;
+    count=0;
+    do
+    {
+      color=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
+    } while (count <= (ssize_t) (pixel_list->length >> 1));
+    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) color;
+  }
+  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
+  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
+  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
+  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
+  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
+  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
+  return(pixel);
+}
+
+static MagickPixelPacket GetMinimumPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    pixel;
+
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
+
+  size_t
+    color,
+    minimum;
+
+  ssize_t
+    count;
+
+  unsigned short
+    channels[ListChannels];
+
+  /*
+    Find the minimum value for each of the color.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
+  {
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    count=0;
+    color=65536UL;
+    minimum=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+    do
+    {
+      color=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+      if (color < minimum)
+        minimum=color;
+      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
+    } while (count < (ssize_t) pixel_list->length);
+    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) minimum;
+  }
+  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
+  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
+  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
+  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
+  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
+  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
+  return(pixel);
+}
+
+static MagickPixelPacket GetModePixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    pixel;
+
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
+
+  size_t
+    color,
+    max_count,
+    mode;
+
+  ssize_t
+    count;
+
+  unsigned short
+    channels[5];
+
+  /*
+    Make each pixel the 'predominate color' of the specified neighborhood.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
+  {
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    color=65536L;
+    mode=color;
+    max_count=list->nodes[mode].count;
+    count=0;
+    do
+    {
+      color=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+      if (list->nodes[color].count > max_count)
+        {
+          mode=color;
+          max_count=list->nodes[mode].count;
+        }
+      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
+    } while (count < (ssize_t) pixel_list->length);
+    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) mode;
+  }
+  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
+  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
+  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
+  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
+  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
+  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
+  return(pixel);
+}
+
+static MagickPixelPacket GetNonpeakPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    pixel;
+
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
+
+  size_t
+    color,
+    next,
+    previous;
+
+  ssize_t
+    count;
+
+  unsigned short
+    channels[5];
+
+  /*
+    Finds the non peak value for each of the colors.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
+  {
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    color=65536L;
+    next=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+    count=0;
+    do
+    {
+      previous=color;
+      color=next;
+      next=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
+    } while (count <= (ssize_t) (pixel_list->length >> 1));
+    if ((previous == 65536UL) && (next != 65536UL))
+      color=next;
+    else
+      if ((previous != 65536UL) && (next == 65536UL))
+        color=previous;
+    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) color;
+  }
+  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
+  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
+  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
+  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
+  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
+  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
+  return(pixel);
+}
+
+static MagickPixelPacket GetStandardDeviationPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  MagickPixelPacket
+    pixel;
+
+  MagickRealType
+    sum,
+    sum_squared;
+
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
+
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
+
+  size_t
+    color;
+
+  ssize_t
+    count;
+
+  unsigned short
+    channels[ListChannels];
+
+  /*
+    Find the standard-deviation value for each of the color.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
+  {
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    color=65536L;
+    count=0;
+    sum=0.0;
+    sum_squared=0.0;
+    do
+    {
+      register ssize_t
+        i;
+
+      color=list->nodes[color].next[0];
+      sum+=(MagickRealType) list->nodes[color].count*color;
+      for (i=0; i < (ssize_t) list->nodes[color].count; i++)
+        sum_squared+=((MagickRealType) color)*((MagickRealType) color);
+      count+=list->nodes[color].count;
+    } while (count < (ssize_t) pixel_list->length);
+    sum/=pixel_list->length;
+    sum_squared/=pixel_list->length;
+    channels[channel]=(unsigned short) sqrt(sum_squared-(sum*sum));
+  }
+  GetMagickPixelPacket((const Image *) NULL,&pixel);
+  pixel.red=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[0]);
+  pixel.green=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[1]);
+  pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[2]);
+  pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[3]);
+  pixel.index=(MagickRealType) ScaleShortToQuantum(channels[4]);
+  return(pixel);
+}
+
+static inline void InsertPixelList(const Image *image,const PixelPacket *pixel,
+  const IndexPacket *indexes,PixelList *pixel_list)
 {
-  Image
-    *sharp_image;
+  size_t
+    signature;
 
-  sharp_image=SharpenImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,radius,sigma,exception);
-  return(sharp_image);
+  unsigned short
+    index;
+
+  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(GetRedPixelComponent(pixel));
+  signature=pixel_list->lists[0].nodes[index].signature;
+  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
+    pixel_list->lists[0].nodes[index].count++;
+  else
+    AddNodePixelList(pixel_list,0,index);
+  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(GetGreenPixelComponent(pixel));
+  signature=pixel_list->lists[1].nodes[index].signature;
+  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
+    pixel_list->lists[1].nodes[index].count++;
+  else
+    AddNodePixelList(pixel_list,1,index);
+  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(GetBluePixelComponent(pixel));
+  signature=pixel_list->lists[2].nodes[index].signature;
+  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
+    pixel_list->lists[2].nodes[index].count++;
+  else
+    AddNodePixelList(pixel_list,2,index);
+  index=ScaleQuantumToShort(GetOpacityPixelComponent(pixel));
+  signature=pixel_list->lists[3].nodes[index].signature;
+  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
+    pixel_list->lists[3].nodes[index].count++;
+  else
+    AddNodePixelList(pixel_list,3,index);
+  if (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace)
+    index=ScaleQuantumToShort(GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes));
+  signature=pixel_list->lists[4].nodes[index].signature;
+  if (signature == pixel_list->signature)
+    pixel_list->lists[4].nodes[index].count++;
+  else
+    AddNodePixelList(pixel_list,4,index);
 }
 
-MagickExport Image *SharpenImageChannel(const Image *image,
-  const ChannelType channel,const double radius,const double sigma,
-  ExceptionInfo *exception)
+static inline MagickRealType MagickAbsoluteValue(const MagickRealType x)
 {
-  double
-    *kernel;
+  if (x < 0)
+    return(-x);
+  return(x);
+}
 
-  Image
-    *sharp_image;
+static void ResetPixelList(PixelList *pixel_list)
+{
+  int
+    level;
 
-  MagickRealType
-    alpha,
-    normalize;
+  register ListNode
+    *root;
 
-  register long
-    i,
-    u,
-    v;
+  register SkipList
+    *list;
 
-  unsigned long
-    width;
+  register ssize_t
+    channel;
 
-  assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
-  assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
-  if (image->debug != MagickFalse)
-    (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
-  assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
-  assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth2D(radius,sigma);
-  kernel=(double *) AcquireQuantumMemory((size_t) width*width,sizeof(*kernel));
-  if (kernel == (double *) NULL)
-    ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
-  i=0;
-  normalize=0.0;
-  for (v=(-((long) width/2)); v <= (long) (width/2); v++)
+  /*
+    Reset the skip-list.
+  */
+  for (channel=0; channel < 5; channel++)
   {
-    for (u=(-((long) width/2)); u <= (long) (width/2); u++)
-    {
-      alpha=exp(-((double) u*u+v*v)/(2.0*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-      kernel[i]=(double) (-alpha/(2.0*MagickPI*MagickSigma*MagickSigma));
-      normalize+=kernel[i];
-      i++;
-    }
+    list=pixel_list->lists+channel;
+    root=list->nodes+65536UL;
+    list->level=0;
+    for (level=0; level < 9; level++)
+      root->next[level]=65536UL;
   }
-  kernel[i/2]=(double) ((-2.0)*normalize);
-  sharp_image=ConvolveImageChannel(image,channel,width,kernel,exception);
-  kernel=(double *) RelinquishMagickMemory(kernel);
-  return(sharp_image);
+  pixel_list->seed=pixel_list->signature++;
 }
-\f
-/*
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%     S p r e a d I m a g e                                                   %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%                                                                             %
-%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
-%
-%  SpreadImage() is a special effects method that randomly displaces each
-%  pixel in a block defined by the radius parameter.
-%
-%  The format of the SpreadImage method is:
-%
-%      Image *SpreadImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-%        ExceptionInfo *exception)
-%
-%  A description of each parameter follows:
-%
-%    o image: the image.
-%
-%    o radius:  Choose a random pixel in a neighborhood of this extent.
-%
-%    o exception: return any errors or warnings in this structure.
-%
-*/
-MagickExport Image *SpreadImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
-  ExceptionInfo *exception)
-{
-#define SpreadImageTag  "Spread/Image"
 
+MagickExport Image *StatisticImage(const Image *image,const StatisticType type,
+  const size_t width,const size_t height,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
   Image
-    *spread_image;
+    *statistic_image;
 
-  long
-    progress,
-    y;
+  statistic_image=StatisticImageChannel(image,DefaultChannels,type,width,
+    height,exception);
+  return(statistic_image);
+}
 
-  MagickBooleanType
-    status;
+MagickExport Image *StatisticImageChannel(const Image *image,
+  const ChannelType channel,const StatisticType type,const size_t width,
+  const size_t height,ExceptionInfo *exception)
+{
+#define StatisticWidth \
+  (width == 0 ? GetOptimalKernelWidth2D((double) width,0.5) : width)
+#define StatisticHeight \
+  (height == 0 ? GetOptimalKernelWidth2D((double) height,0.5) : height)
+#define StatisticImageTag  "Statistic/Image"
 
-  MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
+  CacheView
+    *image_view,
+    *statistic_view;
 
-  RandomInfo
-    **random_info;
+  Image
+    *statistic_image;
+
+  MagickBooleanType
+    status;
 
-  ResampleFilter
-    **resample_filter;
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
 
-  unsigned long
-    width;
+  PixelList
+    **restrict pixel_list;
 
-  CacheView
-    *image_view;
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
   /*
-    Initialize spread image attributes.
+    Initialize statistics image attributes.
   */
   assert(image != (Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
@@ -4471,65 +5221,164 @@ MagickExport Image *SpreadImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
     (void) LogMagickEvent(TraceEvent,GetMagickModule(),"%s",image->filename);
   assert(exception != (ExceptionInfo *) NULL);
   assert(exception->signature == MagickSignature);
-  spread_image=CloneImage(image,image->columns,image->rows,MagickTrue,
+  statistic_image=CloneImage(image,image->columns,image->rows,MagickTrue,
     exception);
-  if (spread_image == (Image *) NULL)
+  if (statistic_image == (Image *) NULL)
     return((Image *) NULL);
-  if (SetImageStorageClass(spread_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
+  if (SetImageStorageClass(statistic_image,DirectClass) == MagickFalse)
     {
-      InheritException(exception,&spread_image->exception);
-      spread_image=DestroyImage(spread_image);
+      InheritException(exception,&statistic_image->exception);
+      statistic_image=DestroyImage(statistic_image);
       return((Image *) NULL);
     }
+  pixel_list=AcquirePixelListThreadSet(StatisticWidth,StatisticHeight);
+  if (pixel_list == (PixelList **) NULL)
+    {
+      statistic_image=DestroyImage(statistic_image);
+      ThrowImageException(ResourceLimitError,"MemoryAllocationFailed");
+    }
   /*
-    Spread image.
+    Make each pixel the min / max / median / mode / etc. of the neighborhood.
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(spread_image,&zero);
-  width=GetOptimalKernelWidth1D(radius,0.5);
-  resample_filter=AcquireResampleFilterThreadSet(image,MagickTrue,exception);
-  random_info=AcquireRandomInfoThreadSet();
-  image_view=AcquireCacheView(spread_image);
+  image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
+  statistic_view=AcquireCacheView(statistic_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) spread_image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) statistic_image->rows; y++)
   {
-    MagickPixelPacket
-      pixel;
+    const int
+      id = GetOpenMPThreadId();
 
-    register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+    register const IndexPacket
+      *restrict indexes;
 
-    register long
-      id,
-      x;
+    register const PixelPacket
+      *restrict p;
+
+    register IndexPacket
+      *restrict statistic_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
-    q=QueueCacheViewAuthenticPixels(image_view,0,y,spread_image->columns,1,
-      exception);
-    if (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL)
+    p=GetCacheViewVirtualPixels(image_view,-((ssize_t) StatisticWidth/2L),y-
+      (ssize_t) (StatisticHeight/2L),image->columns+StatisticWidth,
+      StatisticHeight,exception);
+    q=QueueCacheViewAuthenticPixels(statistic_view,0,y,statistic_image->columns,      1,exception);
+    if ((p == (const PixelPacket *) NULL) || (q == (PixelPacket *) NULL))
       {
         status=MagickFalse;
         continue;
       }
-    indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(image_view);
-    pixel=zero;
-    id=GetOpenMPThreadId();
-    for (x=0; x < (long) spread_image->columns; x++)
+    indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
+    statistic_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(statistic_view);
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) statistic_image->columns; x++)
     {
-      (void) ResamplePixelColor(resample_filter[id],(double) x+width*
-        (GetPseudoRandomValue(random_info[id])-0.5),(double) y+width*
-        (GetPseudoRandomValue(random_info[id])-0.5),&pixel);
-      SetPixelPacket(spread_image,&pixel,q,indexes+x);
+      MagickPixelPacket
+        pixel;
+
+      register const IndexPacket
+        *restrict s;
+
+      register const PixelPacket
+        *restrict r;
+
+      register ssize_t
+        u,
+        v;
+
+      r=p;
+      s=indexes+x;
+      ResetPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+      for (v=0; v < (ssize_t) StatisticHeight; v++)
+      {
+        for (u=0; u < (ssize_t) StatisticWidth; u++)
+          InsertPixelList(image,r+u,s+u,pixel_list[id]);
+        r+=image->columns+StatisticWidth;
+        s+=image->columns+StatisticWidth;
+      }
+      GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&pixel);
+      SetMagickPixelPacket(image,p+StatisticWidth*StatisticHeight/2,indexes+
+        StatisticWidth*StatisticHeight/2+x,&pixel);
+      switch (type)
+      {
+        case GradientStatistic:
+        {
+          MagickPixelPacket
+            maximum,
+            minimum;
+
+          minimum=GetMinimumPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          maximum=GetMaximumPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          pixel.red=MagickAbsoluteValue(maximum.red-minimum.red);
+          pixel.green=MagickAbsoluteValue(maximum.green-minimum.green);
+          pixel.blue=MagickAbsoluteValue(maximum.blue-minimum.blue);
+          pixel.opacity=MagickAbsoluteValue(maximum.opacity-minimum.opacity);
+          if (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace)
+            pixel.index=MagickAbsoluteValue(maximum.index-minimum.index);
+          break;
+        }
+        case MaximumStatistic:
+        {
+          pixel=GetMaximumPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          break;
+        }
+        case MeanStatistic:
+        {
+          pixel=GetMeanPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          break;
+        }
+        case MedianStatistic:
+        default:
+        {
+          pixel=GetMedianPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          break;
+        }
+        case MinimumStatistic:
+        {
+          pixel=GetMinimumPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          break;
+        }
+        case ModeStatistic:
+        {
+          pixel=GetModePixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          break;
+        }
+        case NonpeakStatistic:
+        {
+          pixel=GetNonpeakPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          break;
+        }
+        case StandardDeviationStatistic:
+        {
+          pixel=GetStandardDeviationPixelList(pixel_list[id]);
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
+        SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.red));
+      if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
+        SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.green));
+      if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
+        SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.blue));
+      if (((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0) &&
+          (image->matte != MagickFalse))
+        SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
+      if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
+          (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
+        SetIndexPixelComponent(statistic_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(pixel.index));
+      p++;
       q++;
     }
-    if (SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(image_view,exception) == MagickFalse)
+    if (SyncCacheViewAuthenticPixels(statistic_view,exception) == MagickFalse)
       status=MagickFalse;
     if (image->progress_monitor != (MagickProgressMonitor) NULL)
       {
@@ -4537,17 +5386,18 @@ MagickExport Image *SpreadImage(const Image *image,const double radius,
           proceed;
 
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_SpreadImage)
+  #pragma omp critical (MagickCore_StatisticImage)
 #endif
-        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,SpreadImageTag,progress++,image->rows);
+        proceed=SetImageProgress(image,StatisticImageTag,progress++,
+          image->rows);
         if (proceed == MagickFalse)
           status=MagickFalse;
       }
   }
+  statistic_view=DestroyCacheView(statistic_view);
   image_view=DestroyCacheView(image_view);
-  random_info=DestroyRandomInfoThreadSet(random_info);
-  resample_filter=DestroyResampleFilterThreadSet(resample_filter);
-  return(spread_image);
+  pixel_list=DestroyPixelListThreadSet(pixel_list);
+  return(statistic_image);
 }
 \f
 /*
@@ -4613,25 +5463,27 @@ MagickExport Image *UnsharpMaskImageChannel(const Image *image,
 {
 #define SharpenImageTag  "Sharpen/Image"
 
+  CacheView
+    *image_view,
+    *unsharp_view;
+
   Image
     *unsharp_image;
 
-  long
-    progress,
-    y;
-
   MagickBooleanType
     status;
 
+  MagickOffsetType
+    progress;
+
   MagickPixelPacket
-    zero;
+    bias;
 
   MagickRealType
     quantum_threshold;
 
-  CacheView
-    *image_view,
-    *unsharp_view;
+  ssize_t
+    y;
 
   assert(image != (const Image *) NULL);
   assert(image->signature == MagickSignature);
@@ -4647,31 +5499,31 @@ MagickExport Image *UnsharpMaskImageChannel(const Image *image,
   */
   status=MagickTrue;
   progress=0;
-  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&zero);
+  GetMagickPixelPacket(image,&bias);
   image_view=AcquireCacheView(image);
   unsharp_view=AcquireCacheView(unsharp_image);
 #if defined(MAGICKCORE_OPENMP_SUPPORT)
-  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static,1) shared(progress,status)
+  #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic,4) shared(progress,status)
 #endif
-  for (y=0; y < (long) image->rows; y++)
+  for (y=0; y < (ssize_t) image->rows; y++)
   {
     MagickPixelPacket
       pixel;
 
     register const IndexPacket
-      *__restrict indexes;
+      *restrict indexes;
 
     register const PixelPacket
-      *__restrict p;
+      *restrict p;
 
     register IndexPacket
-      *__restrict unsharp_indexes;
-
-    register long
-      x;
+      *restrict unsharp_indexes;
 
     register PixelPacket
-      *__restrict q;
+      *restrict q;
+
+    register ssize_t
+      x;
 
     if (status == MagickFalse)
       continue;
@@ -4685,55 +5537,58 @@ MagickExport Image *UnsharpMaskImageChannel(const Image *image,
       }
     indexes=GetCacheViewVirtualIndexQueue(image_view);
     unsharp_indexes=GetCacheViewAuthenticIndexQueue(unsharp_view);
-    pixel=zero;
-    for (x=0; x < (long) image->columns; x++)
+    pixel=bias;
+    for (x=0; x < (ssize_t) image->columns; x++)
     {
       if ((channel & RedChannel) != 0)
         {
-          pixel.red=p->red-(MagickRealType) q->red;
+          pixel.red=GetRedPixelComponent(p)-(MagickRealType)
+            GetRedPixelComponent(q);
           if (fabs(2.0*pixel.red) < quantum_threshold)
-            pixel.red=(MagickRealType) p->red;
+            pixel.red=(MagickRealType) GetRedPixelComponent(p);
           else
-            pixel.red=(MagickRealType) p->red+(pixel.red*amount);
-          q->red=RoundToQuantum(pixel.red);
+            pixel.red=(MagickRealType) GetRedPixelComponent(p)+
+              (pixel.red*amount);
+          SetRedPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.red));
         }
       if ((channel & GreenChannel) != 0)
         {
-          pixel.green=p->green-(MagickRealType) q->green;
+          pixel.green=GetGreenPixelComponent(p)-(MagickRealType) q->green;
           if (fabs(2.0*pixel.green) < quantum_threshold)
-            pixel.green=(MagickRealType) p->green;
+            pixel.green=(MagickRealType) GetGreenPixelComponent(p);
           else
-            pixel.green=(MagickRealType) p->green+(pixel.green*amount);
-          q->green=RoundToQuantum(pixel.green);
+            pixel.green=(MagickRealType) GetGreenPixelComponent(p)+(pixel.green*amount);
+          SetGreenPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.green));
         }
       if ((channel & BlueChannel) != 0)
         {
-          pixel.blue=p->blue-(MagickRealType) q->blue;
+          pixel.blue=GetBluePixelComponent(p)-(MagickRealType) q->blue;
           if (fabs(2.0*pixel.blue) < quantum_threshold)
-            pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) p->blue;
+            pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) GetBluePixelComponent(p);
           else
-            pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) p->blue+(pixel.blue*amount);
-          q->blue=RoundToQuantum(pixel.blue);
+            pixel.blue=(MagickRealType) GetBluePixelComponent(p)+(pixel.blue*amount);
+          SetBluePixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.blue));
         }
       if ((channel & OpacityChannel) != 0)
         {
-          pixel.opacity=p->opacity-(MagickRealType) q->opacity;
+          pixel.opacity=GetOpacityPixelComponent(p)-(MagickRealType) q->opacity;
           if (fabs(2.0*pixel.opacity) < quantum_threshold)
-            pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) p->opacity;
+            pixel.opacity=(MagickRealType) GetOpacityPixelComponent(p);
           else
-            pixel.opacity=p->opacity+(pixel.opacity*amount);
-          q->opacity=RoundToQuantum(pixel.opacity);
+            pixel.opacity=GetOpacityPixelComponent(p)+(pixel.opacity*amount);
+          SetOpacityPixelComponent(q,ClampToQuantum(pixel.opacity));
         }
       if (((channel & IndexChannel) != 0) &&
           (image->colorspace == CMYKColorspace))
         {
-          pixel.index=unsharp_indexes[x]-(MagickRealType) indexes[x];
+          pixel.index=GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x)-(MagickRealType)
+            GetIndexPixelComponent(unsharp_indexes+x);
           if (fabs(2.0*pixel.index) < quantum_threshold)
-            pixel.index=(MagickRealType) unsharp_indexes[x];
+            pixel.index=(MagickRealType) GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x);
           else
-            pixel.index=(MagickRealType) unsharp_indexes[x]+(pixel.index*
-              amount);
-          unsharp_indexes[x]=RoundToQuantum(pixel.index);
+            pixel.index=(MagickRealType) GetIndexPixelComponent(indexes+x)+
+              (pixel.index*amount);
+          SetIndexPixelComponent(unsharp_indexes+x,ClampToQuantum(pixel.index));
         }
       p++;
       q++;