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-<title>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations - Apache HTTP Server</title>
+<title>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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+<img alt="" src="./images/feather.png" /></div>
<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
<div id="path">
<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations</h1>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notfound">File Not Found</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#other">Other URL Mapping Modules</a></li>
-</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+</ul><
h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="related" id="related">Related Modules and Directives</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#related" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
-<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html">mod_actions</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_
dir.html">mod_dir</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html#checkspelling">CheckSpelling</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreversecookiedomain">ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreversecookiepath">ProxyPassReverseCookiePath</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
+<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_actions.html">mod_actions</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_
autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html">mod_dir</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_negotiation.html">mod_negotiation</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html">mod_speling</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#aliasmatch">AliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_speling.html#checkspelling">CheckSpelling</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#errordocument">ErrorDocument</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreversecookiedomain">ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreversecookiepath">ProxyPassReverseCookiePath</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirect">Redirect</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#redirectmatch">RedirectMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptalias">ScriptAlias</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#scriptaliasmatch">ScriptAliasMatch</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_userdir.html#userdir">UserDir</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="documentroot" id="documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="documentroot" id="documentroot">DocumentRoot</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#documentroot" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
<p>In deciding what file to serve for a given request, httpd's
default behavior is to take the URL-Path for the request (the part
in the file <code>/var/www/html/fish/guppies.html</code> being
served to the requesting client.</p>
+ <p>If a directory is requested (i.e. a path ending with
+ <code>/</code>), the file served from that directory is defined by
+ the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code> directive.
+ For example, if <code>DocumentRoot</code> were set as above, and
+ you were to set:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>DirectoryIndex index.html index.php</code></p></div>
+
+ <p>Then a request for <code>http://www.example.com/fish/</code> will
+ cause httpd to attempt to serve the file
+ <code>/var/www/html/fish/index.html</code>. In the event that
+ that file does not exist, it will next attempt to serve the file
+ <code>/var/www/html/fish/index.php</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>If neither of these files existed, the next step is to
+ attempt to provide a directory index, if
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code> is loaded and configured to permit
+ that.</p>
+
<p>httpd is also capable of <a href="vhosts/">Virtual
Hosting</a>, where the server receives requests for more than one
host. In this case, a different <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> can be specified for each
(<code>httpd.conf</code>) and, possibly, once per additional <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host</a> you create.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="outside" id="outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="outside" id="outside">Files Outside the DocumentRoot</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#outside" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
<p>There are frequently circumstances where it is necessary to
allow web access to parts of the filesystem that are not strictly
<p>Alternatively, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code> directive will map any part
of the filesystem into the web space. For example, with</p>
-<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Alias /docs /var/web</pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Alias "/docs" "/var/web"</pre>
<p>the URL <code>http://www.example.com/docs/dir/file.html</code>
expression</a> based matching and substitution. For
example,</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
- ScriptAliasMatch ^/~([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/cgi-bin/(.+) /home/$1/cgi-bin/$2
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ScriptAliasMatch "^/~([a-zA-Z0-9]+)/cgi-bin/(.+)" "/home/$1/cgi-bin/$2"</pre>
<p>will map a request to
the resulting file as a CGI script.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="user" id="user">User Directories</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="user" id="user">User Directories</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#user" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
<p>Traditionally on Unix systems, the home directory of a
particular <em>user</em> can be referred to as
<code>/home/user/public_html/file.html</code>, use the following
<code>AliasMatch</code> directive:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
- AliasMatch ^/upages/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)(/(.*))?$ /home/$1/public_html/$3
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">AliasMatch "^/upages/([a-zA-Z0-9]+)(/(.*))?$" "/home/$1/public_html/$3"</pre>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="redirect" id="redirect">URL Redirection</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="redirect" id="redirect">URL Redirection</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#redirect" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
<p>The configuration directives discussed in the above sections
tell httpd to get content from a specific place in the filesystem
to the new directory <code>/bar/</code>, you can instruct clients
to request the content at the new location as follows:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
- Redirect permanent /foo/ http://www.example.com/bar/
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Redirect permanent "/foo/" "http://www.example.com/bar/"</pre>
<p>This will redirect any URL-Path starting in
for the site home page to a different site, but leave all other
requests alone, use the following configuration:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
- RedirectMatch permanent ^/$ http://www.example.com/startpage.html
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RedirectMatch permanent "^/$" "http://www.example.com/startpage.html"</pre>
<p>Alternatively, to temporarily redirect all pages on one site
to a particular page on another site, use the following:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
- RedirectMatch temp .* http://othersite.example.com/startpage.html
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RedirectMatch temp ".*" "http://othersite.example.com/startpage.html"</pre>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Reverse Proxy</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Reverse Proxy</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#proxy" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
<p>httpd also allows you to bring remote documents into the URL space
of the local server. This technique is called <em>reverse
and returns them to the client as if they were from the local
server.</p>
-<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-ProxyPass /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/<br />
-ProxyPassReverse /foo/ http://internal.example.com/bar/<br />
-ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain internal.example.com public.example.com<br />
-ProxyPassReverseCookiePath /foo/ /bar/
-</pre>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass "/foo/" "http://internal.example.com/bar/"
+ProxyPassReverse "/foo/" "http://internal.example.com/bar/"
+ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain internal.example.com public.example.com
+ProxyPassReverseCookiePath "/foo/" "/bar/"</pre>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> configures
content) in a page as it is being served to the client using
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_substitute.html">mod_substitute</a></code>.</p>
-<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-Substitute s/internal\.example\.com/www.example.com/i
-</pre>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Substitute s/internal\.example\.com/www.example.com/i</pre>
-<p>For more sophisticated rewriting of links in HTML and XHTML, the
+<p>For more sophisticated rewriting of links in HTML and XHTML, the
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_html.html">mod_proxy_html</a></code> module is also available. It allows you
to create maps of URLs that need to be rewritten, so that complex
proxying scenarios can be handled.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Rewriting Engine</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#rewrite" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
<p>When even more powerful substitution is required, the rewriting
engine provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
<a href="rewrite/">detailed mod_rewrite documentation</a>.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="notfound" id="notfound">File Not Found</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="notfound" id="notfound">File Not Found</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#notfound" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
<p>Inevitably, URLs will be requested for which no matching
file can be found in the filesystem. This can happen for
<p><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html">mod_dir</a></code> provides <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#fallbackresource">FallbackResource</a></code>, which can be used to map virtual
URIs to a real resource, which then serves them. This is a very
- useful replace
to <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> when implementing
- a 'front controler'</p>
+ useful replace
ment for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> when implementing
+ a 'front controller'</p>
<p>If all attempts to locate the content fail, httpd returns
an error page with HTTP status code 404 (file not found). The
document.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="other" id="other">Other URL Mapping Modules</a></h2>
+<h2><a name="other" id="other">Other URL Mapping Modules</a> <a title="Permanent link" href="#other" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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