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- --><title>Configuration Sections - Apache HTTP Server</title><link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /><link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head><body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p><p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p><img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div><div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div><div id="path"><a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Configuration Sections</h1> <p>Directives in the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> may apply to the
+ -->
+<title>Configuration Sections - Apache HTTP Server</title>
+<link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
+<link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
+<link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style/css/prettify.css" />
+<script src="./style/scripts/prettify.js" type="text/javascript">
+</script>
+
+<link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head>
+<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
+<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Configuration Sections</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> |
+<a href="./fr/sections.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
+<a href="./ja/sections.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
+<a href="./ko/sections.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
+<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
+</div>
+ <p>Directives in the <a href="configuring.html">configuration files</a> may apply to the
entire server, or they may be restricted to apply only to particular
directories, files, hosts, or URLs. This document describes how to
use configuration section containers or <code>.htaccess</code> files
to change the scope of other configuration directives.</p>
-</div><div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#file-and-web">Filesystem and Webspace</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy">Proxy</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mergin">How the sections are merged</a></li></ul></div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="types" id="types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></h2>
-
-<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#file-and-web">Filesystem, Webspace, and Boolean Expressions</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy">Proxy</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#merging">How the sections are merged</a></li>
+</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="types" id="types">Types of Configuration Section Containers</a></h2>
+
+<table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
<p>There are two basic types of containers. Most containers are
evaluated for each request. The enclosed directives are applied only
-for those requests that match the containers. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code> containers, on the
-other hand, are evaluated only at server startup and restart. If
-their conditions are true at startup, then the enclosed directives
-will apply to all requests. If the conditions are not true, the
-enclosed directives will be ignored.</p>
+for those requests that match the containers. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>, and
+<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code>
+containers, on the other hand, are evaluated only at server startup
+and restart. If their conditions are true at startup, then the
+enclosed directives will apply to all requests. If the conditions are
+not true, the enclosed directives will be ignored.</p>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> directive
encloses directives that will only be applied if an appropriate
-parameter is defined on the <code>httpd</code> command line. For example,
+parameter is defined on the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> command line. For example,
with the following configuration, all requests will be redirected
to another site only if the server is started using
<code>httpd -DClosedForNow</code>:</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<IfDefine ClosedForNow><br />
-Redirect / http://otherserver.example.com/<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<IfDefine ClosedForNow>
+ Redirect / http://otherserver.example.com/
</IfDefine>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>
directive is very similar, except it encloses directives that will
to work all the time, because it can suppress useful error messages
about missing modules.</p>
-<p>In the following example, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfiles">MimeMagicFiles</a></code> directive will be
+<p>In the following example, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code> directive will be
applied only if <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code> is available.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c><br />
-MimeMagicFile conf/magic<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c>
+ MimeMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
+
+<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code>
+directive is very similar to <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>, except it encloses directives that will
+only be applied if a particular version of the server is executing. This
+module is designed for the use in test suites and large networks which have to
+deal with different httpd versions and different configurations.</p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<IfVersion >= 2.4>
+ # this happens only in versions greater or
+ # equal 2.4.0.
+</IfVersion>
+</pre>
-<p>Both <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code>
-and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>
+
+<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifdefine"><IfDefine></a></code>,
+<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#ifmodule"><IfModule></a></code>, and the
+<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html#ifversion"><IfVersion></a></code>
can apply negative conditions by preceding their test with "!".
Also, these sections can be nested to achieve more complex
restrictions.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="file-and-web" id="file-and-web">Filesystem and Webspace</a></h2>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="file-and-web" id="file-and-web">Filesystem, Webspace, and Boolean Expressions</a></h2>
<p>The most commonly used configuration section containers are the
ones that change the configuration of particular places in the
filesystem or webspace. First, it is important to understand the
difference between the two. The filesystem is the view of your disks
as seen by your operating system. For example, in a default install,
-Apache resides at <code>/usr/local/apache2</code> in the Unix
+Apache httpd resides at <code>/usr/local/apache2</code> in the Unix
filesystem or <code>"c:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2"</code> in
the Windows filesystem. (Note that forward slashes should always be
-used as the path separator in Apache, even for Windows.) In contrast,
+used as the path separator in Apache httpd configuration files, even for Windows.) In contrast,
the webspace is the view of your site as delivered by the web server
and seen by the client. So the path <code>/dir/</code> in the
webspace corresponds to the path
<code>/usr/local/apache2/htdocs/dir/</code> in the filesystem of a
-default Apache install on Unix. The webspace need not map directly to
+default Apache httpd install on Unix. The webspace need not map directly to
the filesystem, since webpages may be generated dynamically
from databases or other locations.</p>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>
-directives, along with their regex counterparts, apply directives to
+directives, along with their <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regex</a>
+counterparts, apply directives to
parts of the filesystem. Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> section apply to
the named filesystem directory and all subdirectories of that
-directory. The same effect can be obtained using <a href="howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess files</a>. For example, in the
+directory (as well as the files in those directories).
+The same effect can be obtained using <a href="howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess files</a>. For example, in the
following configuration, directory indexes will be enabled for the
<code>/var/web/dir1</code> directory and all subdirectories.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Directory /var/web/dir1><br />
-Options +Indexes<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Directory /var/web/dir1>
+ Options +Indexes
</Directory>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
<p>Directives enclosed in a <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> section apply to any file with
the specified name, regardless of what directory it lies in.
deny access to any file named <code>private.html</code> regardless
of where it is found.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Files private.html><br />
-Order allow,deny<br />
-Deny from all<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Files private.html>
+ Require all denied
</Files>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
<p>To address files found in a particular part of the filesystem, the
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> and
of <code>private.html</code> found under the <code>/var/web/dir1/</code>
directory.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Directory /var/web/dir1><br />
-<Files private.html><br />
-Order allow,deny<br />
-Deny from all<br />
-</Files><br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Directory /var/web/dir1>
+ <Files private.html>
+ Require all denied
+ </Files>
</Directory>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
<h3><a name="webspace" id="webspace">Webspace Containers</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
-directive and its regex counterpart, on the other hand, change the
+directive and its <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regex</a> counterpart, on
+the other hand, change the
configuration for content in the webspace. For example, the following
configuration prevents access to any URL-path that begins in /private.
In particular, it will apply to requests for
<code>http://yoursite.example.com/private/dir/file.html</code> as well
as any other requests starting with the <code>/private</code> string.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Location /private><br />
-Order Allow,Deny<br />
-Deny from all<br />
-</Location>
-</code></p></div>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<LocationMatch ^/private>
+ Require all denied
+</LocationMatch>
+</pre>
+
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
directive need not have anything to do with the filesystem.
For example, the following example shows how to map a particular
-URL to an internal Apache handler provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>.
+URL to an internal Apache HTTP Server handler provided by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>.
No file called <code>server-status</code> needs to exist in the
filesystem.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Location /server-status><br />
-SetHandler server-status<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Location /server-status>
+ SetHandler server-status
</Location>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<h3><a name="overlapping-webspace" id="overlapping-webspace">Overlapping Webspace</a></h3>
+<p>In order to have two overlapping URLs one has to consider the order in which
+certain sections or directives are evaluated. For
+<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> this would be:</p>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Location /foo>
+</Location>
+<Location /foo/bar>
+</Location>
+</pre>
+
+<p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_alias.html#alias"><Alias></a></code>es on the other hand,
+are mapped vice-versa:</p>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+Alias /foo/bar /srv/www/uncommon/bar
+Alias /foo /srv/www/common/foo
+</pre>
+
+<p>The same is true for the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code>
+directives:</p>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+ProxyPass /special-area http://special.example.com smax=5 max=10
+ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid nofailover=On
+</pre>
+
<h3><a name="wildcards" id="wildcards">Wildcards and Regular Expressions</a></h3>
matches any sequence of characters, "?" matches any single character,
and "[<em>seq</em>]" matches any character in <em>seq</em>. The "/"
character will not be matched by any wildcard; it must be specified
-explictly.</p>
+explicitly.</p>
<p>If even more flexible matching is required, each
-container has a regular-expression (regex) counterpart <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> that allow
+container has a regular expression (regex) counterpart <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> that allow
perl-compatible
-<a href="glossary.html#regex">regular expressions</a>
+<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>
to be used in choosing the matches. But see the section below on
configuration merging to find out how using regex sections will change
how directives are applied.</p>
<p>A non-regex wildcard section that changes the configuration of
all user directories could look as follows:</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Directory /home/*/public_html><br />
-Options Indexes<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Directory /home/*/public_html>
+ Options Indexes
</Directory>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
<p>Using regex sections, we can deny access to many types of image files
at once:</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<FilesMatch \.(?i:gif|jpe?g|png)$><br />
-Order allow,deny<br />
-Deny from all<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<FilesMatch \.(?i:gif|jpe?g|png)$>
+ Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3><a name="expressions" id="expressions">Boolean expressions</a></h3>
+<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>
+directive change the configuration depending on a condition which can be
+expressed by a boolean expression. For example, the following configuration
+denies access if the HTTP Referer header does not start with
+"http://www.example.com/".</p>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<If "!(%{HTTP_REFERER} -strmatch 'http://www.example.com/*')">
+ Require all denied
+</If>
+</pre>
+
location, allowing your restrictions to be circumvented.
For example, consider the following configuration:</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Location /dir/><br />
-Order allow,deny<br />
-Deny from all<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Location /dir/>
+ Require all denied
</Location>
-</code></p></div>
+</pre>
+
<p>This works fine if the request is for
<code>http://yoursite.example.com/dir/</code>. But what if you are on
to all requests regardless of the specific URL.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
+<h3><a name="nesting" id="nesting">Nesting of sections</a></h3>
+
+<p>Some section types can be nested inside other section types. One the one
+hand, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> can be used
+inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>. On
+the other hand, <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code> can
+be used inside <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>,
+<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>, and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> sections. The regex
+counterparts of the named section behave identically.</p>
+
+<p>Nested sections are merged after non-nested sections of the same type.</p>
+
+
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
container encloses directives that apply to specific hosts.
This is useful when serving multiple hosts from the same machine
with a different configuration for each. For more information,
see the <a href="vhosts/">Virtual Host Documentation</a>.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></h2>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></h2>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code>
to sites accessed through <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>'s proxy server
that match the specified URL. For example, the following configuration
will prevent the proxy server from being used to access the
-<code>cnn.com</code> website.</p>
+<code>www.example.com</code> website.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Proxy http://cnn.com/*><br />
-Order allow,deny<br />
-Deny from all<br />
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Proxy http://www.example.com/*>
+ Require all granted
</Proxy>
-</code></p></div>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="whatwhere" id="whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></h2>
+</pre>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="whatwhere" id="whatwhere">What Directives are Allowed?</a></h2>
<p>To find out what directives are allowed in what types of
configuration sections, check the <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Context</a> of the directive.
-Everything that is allowed in
+Everything that is allowed in
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>
sections is also syntactically allowed in
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>,
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code>,
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>,
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code>
-sections. There are some exceptions, however.</p>
+sections. There are some exceptions, however:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> directive
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#filesmatch"><FilesMatch></a></code>
sections.</li>
</ul>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="mergin" id="mergin">How the sections are merged</a></h2>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="merging" id="merging">How the sections are merged</a></h2>
<p>The configuration sections are applied in a very particular order.
Since this can have important effects on how configuration directives
<ol>
<li> <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> (except regular expressions)
- and .htaccess done simultaneously (with .htaccess, if allowed,
- overriding <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>)</li>
+ and <code>.htaccess</code> done simultaneously (with
+ <code>.htaccess</code>, if allowed, overriding
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>)</li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directorymatch"><DirectoryMatch></a></code>
(and <code><Directory ~></code>)</li>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>
and <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> done simultaneously</li>
+
+ <li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#if"><If></a></code>
+ </li>
+
</ol>
<p>Apart from <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, each group is processed in
the virtual host definition. This allows virtual hosts to
override the main server configuration.</p>
- <p>Later sections override earlier ones.</p>
+ <p>When the request is served by <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>, the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html#proxy"><Proxy></a></code>
+ container takes the place of the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> container in the processing
+ order.</p>
+
+ <p>Later sections override earlier ones, however each module is responsible
+ for interpreting what form this override takes. A later configuration section
+ with directives from a given module might cause a conceptual "merge" of some
+ directives, all directives, or a complete replacement of the modules
+ configuration with the module defaults and directives explicitly listed in
+ the later context.</p>
<div class="note"><h3>Technical Note</h3>
There is actually a
this example will be applied in the order A > B > C > D >
E.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Location /><br />
-E<br />
-</Location><br />
-<br />
-<Files f.html><br />
-D<br />
-</Files><br />
-<br />
-<VirtualHost *><br />
-<Directory /a/b><br />
-B<br />
-</Directory><br />
-</VirtualHost><br />
-<br />
-<DirectoryMatch "^.*b$"><br />
-C<br />
-</DirectoryMatch><br />
-<br />
-<Directory /a/b><br />
-A<br />
-</Directory><br />
-<br />
-</code></p></div>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Location />
+ E
+</Location>
+
+<Files f.html>
+ D
+</Files>
+
+<VirtualHost *>
+<Directory /a/b>
+ B
+</Directory>
+</VirtualHost>
+
+<DirectoryMatch "^.*b$">
+ C
+</DirectoryMatch>
+
+<Directory /a/b>
+ A
+</Directory>
+
+</pre>
+
<p>For a more concrete example, consider the following. Regardless of
any access restrictions placed in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections, the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section will be
evaluated last and will allow unrestricted access to the server. In
other words, order of merging is important, so be careful!</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-<Location /><br />
-Order deny,allow<br />
-Allow from all<br />
-</Location><br />
-<br />
-# Woops! This <Directory> section will have no effect<br />
-<Directory /><br />
-Order allow,deny<br />
-Allow from all<br />
-Deny from badguy.example.com<br />
-</Directory>
-</code></p></div>
-
-
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+<Location />
+ Require all granted
+</Location>
-</div></div><div id="footer"><p class="apache">Maintained by the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Apache HTTP Server Documentation Project</a></p><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div></body></html>
\ No newline at end of file
+# Woops! This <Directory> section will have no effect
+<Directory />
+ <RequireAll>
+ Require all granted
+ Require not host badguy.example.com
+ </RequireAll>
+</Directory>
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+</div></div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/sections.html" title="English"> en </a> |
+<a href="./fr/sections.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
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+<a href="./tr/sections.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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