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-<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.
3</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1>
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.
5</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
</div>
-<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
+<p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
<a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
-how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically
+how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically
configured virtual hosts.</p>
-<div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure
+<div class="warning">mod_rewrite is usually not the best way to configure
virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to
mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid
mod_rewrite</a> document.</div>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic
Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li>
-</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques and tricks</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li></ul></div>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2>
new VirtualHost sections.</p>
<p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname
- <code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
+ <code><strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
user, and serve their content out of
- <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p>
+ <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>. However, we want
+ <code>www.example.com</code> to be ommitted from this mapping.</p>
</dd>
<dt>Solution:</dt>
<dd>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-RewriteEngine on<br />
-<br />
-RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
-<br />
-RewriteCond %{lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}} ^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$<br />
-RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1
-</code></p></div></dd>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on
+
+RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower
+
+RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\.
+RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}} ^<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$
+RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1</pre>
+</dd>
<dt>Discussion</dt>
<dd>
- <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
+ <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
resolution - Apache does
- not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
+ not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS
records is beyond the scope of this document.</div>
captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>,
etc.</p>
+<p>The first <code>RewriteCond</code> checks to see if the hostname
+starts with <code>www.</code>, and if it does, the rewriting is
+skipped.</p>
+
<p>
As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really
isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead,
consider using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much
more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any
-dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
+dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>
Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2>
<p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same
- thing as <a href="#simple">the first example</a>. The first
+ thing as <a href="#per-hostname">the first example</a>. The first
half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for
some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the
<code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half
any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have
<code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-# get the server name from the Host: header<br />
-UseCanonicalName Off<br />
-<br />
-# splittable logs<br />
-LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br />
-CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br />
-<br />
-<Directory /www/hosts><br />
-<span class="indent">
- # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br />
- # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br />
- Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br />
-</span>
-</Directory><br />
-<br />
-RewriteEngine On<br />
-<br />
-# a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br />
-RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
-<br />
-## deal with normal documents first:<br />
-# allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br />
-RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
-# allow CGIs to work<br />
-RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
-# do the magic<br />
-RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br />
-<br />
-## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler<br />
-RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
-RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]<br />
-</code></p></div>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># get the server name from the Host: header
+UseCanonicalName Off
+
+# splittable logs
+LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon
+CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon
+
+<Directory "/www/hosts">
+ # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force
+ # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does
+ Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI
+</Directory>
+
+RewriteEngine On
+
+# a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all
+RewriteMap lowercase "int:tolower"
+
+## deal with normal documents first:
+# allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/icons/"
+# allow CGIs to work
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/cgi-bin/"
+# do the magic
+RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "/www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1"
+
+## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "^/cgi-bin/"
+RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "/www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1" [H=cgi-script]</pre>
+
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p>
-<div class="example"><p><code>
-RewriteEngine on<br />
-<br />
-RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
-<br />
-# define the map file<br />
-RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br />
-<br />
-# deal with aliases as above<br />
-RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
-RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
-RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
-# this does the file-based remap<br />
-RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
-RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br />
-<br />
-RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
-RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
-RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
-RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]
-</code></p></div>
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on
+
+RewriteMap lowercase "int:tolower"
+
+# define the map file
+RewriteMap vhost "txt:/www/conf/vhost.map"
+
+# deal with aliases as above
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/icons/"
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "!^/cgi-bin/"
+RewriteCond "${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}" "^(.+)$"
+# this does the file-based remap
+RewriteCond "${vhost:%1}" "^(/.*)$"
+RewriteRule "^/(.*)$" "%1/docs/$1"
+
+RewriteCond "%{REQUEST_URI}" "^/cgi-bin/"
+RewriteCond "${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}" "^(.+)$"
+RewriteCond "${vhost:%1}" "^(/.*)$"
+RewriteRule "^/cgi-bin/(.*)$" "%1/cgi-bin/$1" [H=cgi-script]</pre>
+
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+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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