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-<title>Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs) - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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-<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
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+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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-<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs
-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs)</h1>
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs
/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs)</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/mpm.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
<a href="./en/mpm.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="./es/mpm.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
+<a href="./fr/mpm.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
<a href="./ja/mpm.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
-<a href="./ko/mpm.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
+<a href="./ko/mpm.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
+<a href="./tr/mpm.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a> |
+<a href="./zh-cn/mpm.html" hreflang="zh-cn" rel="alternate" title="Simplified Chinese"> zh-cn </a></p>
</div>
<p>This document describes what a Multi-Processing Module is and
how they are used by the Apache HTTP Server.</p>
</div>
<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
-<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#choosing">Choosing an MPM</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#defaults">MPM Defaults</a></li>
-</ul></div>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#static">Building an MPM as a static module</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dynamic">Building an MPM as a DSO module</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="introduction" id="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
platforms in a range of different environments. Different
platforms and different environments often require different
features, or may have different ways of implementing the same
- feature most efficiently. Apache has always accommodated a wide
+ feature most efficiently. Apache httpd has always accommodated a wide
variety of environments through its modular design. This design
allows the webmaster to choose which features will be included
in the server by selecting which modules to load either at
compile-time or at run-time.</p>
- <p>Apache 2.0 extends this modular design to the most basic
+ <p>Apache HTTP Server 2.0 extends this modular design to the most basic
functions of a web server. The server ships with a selection of
Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs) which are responsible for
binding to network ports on the machine, accepting requests,
allows two important benefits:</p>
<ul>
- <li>Apache can more cleanly and efficiently support a wide
+ <li>Apache httpd can more cleanly and efficiently support a wide
variety of operating systems. In particular, the Windows
- version of Apache is now much more efficient, since
+ version of the server is now much more efficient, since
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_winnt.html">mpm_winnt</a></code> can use native
networking features in place of the POSIX layer used in
- Apache 1.3. This benefit also extends to other operating
+ Apache httpd 1.3. This benefit also extends to other operating
systems that implement specialized MPMs.</li>
<li>The server can be better customized for the needs of the
particular site. For example, sites that need a great deal of
- scalability can choose to use a threaded MPM like
+ scalability can choose to use a threaded MPM like
<code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code> or <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>, while sites requiring
stability or compatibility with older software can use a
- <code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>. In addition,
- special features like serving different hosts under different
- userids (<code class="module"><a href="./mod/perchild.html">perchild</a></code>) can be
- provided.</li>
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>.</li>
</ul>
- <p>At the user level, MPMs appear much like other Apache
+ <p>At the user level, MPMs appear much like other Apache httpd
modules. The main difference is that one and only one MPM must
be loaded into the server at any time. The list of available
MPMs appears on the <a href="mod/">module index page</a>.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="choosing" id="choosing">Choosing an MPM</a></h2>
-
- <p>MPMs must be chosen during configuration, and compiled into
- the server. Compilers are capable of optimizing a lot of
- functions if threads are used, but only if they know that
- threads are being used.</p>
-
- <p>To actually choose the desired MPM, use the argument
- <code>--with-mpm=<em>NAME</em></code> with the
- <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> script. <em>NAME</em> is the name of the
- desired MPM.</p>
-
- <p>Once the server has been compiled, it is possible to
- determine which MPM was chosen by using <code>./httpd
- -l</code>. This command will list every module that is compiled
- into the server, including the MPM.</p>
-</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
-<div class="section">
<h2><a name="defaults" id="defaults">MPM Defaults</a></h2>
<p>The following table lists the default MPMs for various operating
systems. This will be the MPM selected if you do not make another
choice at compile-time.</p>
-<table>
-
-<tr><td>BeOS</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/beos.html">beos</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Netware</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_netware.html">mpm_netware</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td>OS/2</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpmt_os2.html">mpmt_os2</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Unix</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code></td></tr>
-<tr><td>Windows</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_winnt.html">mpm_winnt</a></code></td></tr>
+<table class="bordered"><tr><td>Netware</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_netware.html">mpm_netware</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr class="odd"><td>OS/2</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpmt_os2.html">mpmt_os2</a></code></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Unix</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code>, or
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>, depending on platform capabilities</td></tr>
+<tr class="odd"><td>Windows</td><td><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_winnt.html">mpm_winnt</a></code></td></tr>
</table>
+
+<div class="note"><p>Here, 'Unix' is used to mean Unix-like operating systems, such as
+Linux, BSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, etc.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the case of Unix, the decision as to which MPM is installed is
+based on two questions:</p>
+<p>1. Does the system support threads?</p>
+<p>2. Does the system support thread-safe polling (Specifically, the
+kqueue and epoll functions)?</p>
+
+<p>If the answer to both questions is 'yes', the default MPM is
+<code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>.</p>
+
+<p>If The answer to #1 is 'yes', but the answer to #2 is 'no', the
+default will be <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code>.</p>
+
+<p>If the answer to both questions is 'no', then the default MPM will be
+<code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>.</p>
+
+<p>In practical terms, this means that the default will almost always be
+<code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code>, as all modern operating systems support these
+two features.</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="static" id="static">Building an MPM as a static module</a></h2>
+
+ <p>MPMs can be built as static modules on all platforms. A single MPM
+ is chosen at build time and linked into the server. The server must
+ be rebuilt in order to change the MPM.</p>
+
+ <p>To override the default MPM choice, use the
+ <code>--with-mpm=<em>NAME</em></code> option of the
+ <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> script. <em>NAME</em> is the name of the
+ desired MPM.</p>
+
+ <p>Once the server has been compiled, it is possible to determine which MPM
+ was chosen by using <code>./httpd -l</code>. This command will list every
+ module that is compiled into the server, including the MPM.</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="dynamic" id="dynamic">Building an MPM as a DSO module</a></h2>
+
+ <p>On Unix and similar platforms, MPMs can be built as DSO modules and
+ dynamically loaded into the server in the same manner as other DSO
+ modules. Building MPMs as DSO modules allows the MPM to be changed by
+ updating the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> directive
+ for the MPM instead of by rebuilding the server.</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so</pre>
+
+
+ <p>Attempting to <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code>
+ more than one MPM will result in a startup failure with the
+ following error.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>AH00534: httpd: Configuration error: More than one MPM
+ loaded.</code></p></div>
+
+ <p>This feature is enabled using the
+ <code>--enable-mpms-shared</code> option of the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>
+ script.
+ With argument <code><em>all</em></code>, all possible MPMs for the platform
+ will be installed. Alternately, a list of MPMs can be specified as the
+ argument.</p>
+
+ <p>The default MPM, either selected automatically or specified with the
+ <code>--with-mpm</code> option of the <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>
+ script, will be loaded in the generated server configuration file. Edit the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> directive to select a
+ different MPM.</p>
+
</div></div>
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+<a href="./fr/mpm.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
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