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<div id="page-content">
<div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_proxy</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_proxy.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
<a href="../ja/mod/mod_proxy.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a></p>
</div>
-<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>HTTP/1.1 proxy/gateway server</td></tr>
+<table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Multi-protocol proxy/gateway server</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>proxy_module</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_proxy.c</td></tr></table>
network and to the Internet at large.</p>
</div>
- <p>This module implements a proxy/gateway for Apache. It implements
- proxying capability for <code>AJP13</code> (Apache JServe Protocol
- version 1.3), <code>FTP</code>, <code>CONNECT</code> (for SSL),
- <code>HTTP/0.9</code>, <code>HTTP/1.0</code>, and <code>HTTP/1.1</code>.
- The module can be configured to connect to other proxy modules for these
- and other protocols.</p>
-
- <p>Apache's proxy features are divided into several modules in
- addition to <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>:
- <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ftp.html">mod_proxy_ftp</a></code>,
- <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code>,
- and <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_connect.html">mod_proxy_connect</a></code>. Thus, if you want to use
- one or more of the particular proxy functions, load
- <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> <em>and</em> the appropriate module(s)
- into the server (either statically at compile-time or dynamically
- via the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code>
- directive).</p>
+ <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> and related modules implement a
+ proxy/gateway for Apache HTTP Server, supporting a number of popular
+ protocols as well as several different load balancing algorithms.
+ Third-party modules can add support for additional protocols and
+ load balancing algorithms.</p>
+
+ <p>A set of modules must be loaded into the server to provide the
+ necessary features. These modules can be included statically at
+ build time or dynamically via the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_so.html#loadmodule">LoadModule</a></code> directive).
+ The set must include:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>, which provides basic proxy
+ capabilities</li>
+
+ <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> and one or more
+ balancer modules, if load balancing is required. (See
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> for more information.)</li>
+
+ <li>one or more proxy scheme, or protocol, modules:
+
+ <table class="bordered">
+ <tr><th>Protocol</th><th>Module</th></tr>
+ <tr><td>AJP13 (Apache JServe Protocol version
+ 1.3)</td><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code></td></tr>
+ <tr><td>CONNECT (for
+ SSL)</td><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_connect.html">mod_proxy_connect</a></code></td></tr>
+ <tr><td>FastCGI</td><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_fcgi.html">mod_proxy_fcgi</a></code></td></tr>
+ <tr><td>ftp</td><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ftp.html">mod_proxy_ftp</a></code></td></tr>
+ <tr><td>HTTP/0.9, HTTP/1.0, and
+ HTTP/1.1</td><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code></td></tr>
+ <tr><td>SCGI</td><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_scgi.html">mod_proxy_scgi</a></code></td></tr>
+ <tr><td>WS and WSS (Web-sockets)</td><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_wstunnel.html">mod_proxy_wstunnel</a></code></td></tr>
+ </table>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
<p>In addition, extended features are provided by other modules.
Caching is provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code> and related
</div>
<div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
<ul id="toc">
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#balancergrowth">BalancerGrowth</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#balancerinherit">BalancerInherit</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#balancermember">BalancerMember</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#balancerpersist">BalancerPersist</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#noproxy">NoProxy</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxy"><Proxy></a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxyaddheaders">ProxyAddHeaders</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxybadheader">ProxyBadHeader</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxyblock">ProxyBlock</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxydomain">ProxyDomain</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxymaxforwards">ProxyMaxForwards</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxypassinherit">ProxyPassInherit</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxypassinterpolateenv">ProxyPassInterpolateEnv</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxypassmatch">ProxyPassMatch</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxyremotematch">ProxyRemoteMatch</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxyrequests">ProxyRequests</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxyset">ProxySet</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxysourceaddress">ProxySourceAddress</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxystatus">ProxyStatus</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxytimeout">ProxyTimeout</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#proxyvia">ProxyVia</a></li>
</ul>
<h3>Topics</h3>
<ul id="topics">
-<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#forwardreverse">Forward Proxies and Reverse
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#forwardreverse">Forward Proxies and Reverse
Proxies/Gateways</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Basic Examples</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#handler">Access via Handler</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#workers">Workers</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#access">Controlling access to your proxy</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#startup">Slow Startup</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#intranet">Intranet Proxy</a></li>
</ul><h3>See also</h3>
<ul class="seealso">
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code></li>
-<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code></li>
-<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ftp.html">mod_proxy_ftp</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_connect.html">mod_proxy_connect</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_fcgi.html">mod_proxy_fcgi</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ftp.html">mod_proxy_ftp</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_scgi.html">mod_proxy_scgi</a></code></li>
+<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_wstunnel.html">mod_proxy_wstunnel</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code></li>
<li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></li>
-</ul></div>
+</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
-<h2><a name="forwardreverse" id="forwardreverse">Forward Proxies and Reverse
+<h2><a name="forwardreverse" id="forwardreverse">Forward Proxies and Reverse
Proxies/Gateways</a></h2>
- <p>Apache can be configured in both a <dfn>forward</dfn> and
+ <p>Apache HTTP Server can be configured in both a <dfn>forward</dfn> and
<dfn>reverse</dfn> proxy (also known as <dfn>gateway</dfn>) mode.</p>
<p>An ordinary <dfn>forward proxy</dfn> is an intermediate
<p>In addition, if you wish to have caching enabled, consult
the documentation from <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>.</p>
- <div class="example"><h3>Forward Proxy</h3><p><code>
- ProxyRequests On<br />
- ProxyVia On<br />
- <br />
- <Proxy *><br />
- <span class="indent">
- Order deny,allow<br />
- Deny from all<br />
- Allow from internal.example.com<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Reverse Proxy</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /foo http://foo.example.com/bar
+ProxyPassReverse /foo http://foo.example.com/bar</pre>
+</div>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Forward Proxy</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyRequests On
+ProxyVia On
+
+<Proxy *>
+ Require host internal.example.com
+</Proxy></pre>
+</div>
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="handler" id="handler">Access via Handler</a></h2>
+
+ <p>You can also force a request to be handled as a reverse-proxy
+ request, by creating a suitable Handler pass-through. The example
+ configuration below will pass all requests for PHP scripts to the
+ specified FastCGI server using reverse proxy:
+ </p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Reverse Proxy PHP scripts</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><FilesMatch \.php$>
+ SetHandler "proxy:unix:/path/to/app.sock|fcgi://localhost/"
+</FilesMatch></pre>
+</div>
+
+ <p>This feature is available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.10 and later.</p>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="workers" id="workers">Workers</a></h2>
+ <p>The proxy manages the configuration of origin servers and their
+ communication parameters in objects called <dfn>workers</dfn>.
+ There are two built-in workers, the default forward proxy worker and the
+ default reverse proxy worker. Additional workers can be configured
+ explicitly.</p>
+
+ <p>The two default workers have a fixed configuration
+ and will be used if no other worker matches the request.
+ They do not use HTTP Keep-Alive or connection pooling.
+ The TCP connections to the origin server will instead be
+ opened and closed for each request.</p>
+
+ <p>Explicitly configured workers are identified by their URL.
+ They are usually created and configured using
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> or
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypassmatch">ProxyPassMatch</a></code> when used
+ for a reverse proxy:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /example http://backend.example.com connectiontimeout=5 timeout=30</pre>
+
+
+ <p>This will create a worker associated with the origin server URL
+ <code>http://backend.example.com</code> and using the given timeout
+ values. When used in a forward proxy, workers are usually defined
+ via the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxyset">ProxySet</a></code> directive:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxySet http://backend.example.com connectiontimeout=5 timeout=30</pre>
+
+
+ <p>or alternatively using <code class="directive"><a href="#proxy">Proxy</a></code>
+ and <code class="directive"><a href="#proxyset">ProxySet</a></code>:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Proxy http://backend.example.com>
+ ProxySet connectiontimeout=5 timeout=30
+</Proxy></pre>
+
+
+ <p>Using explicitly configured workers in the forward mode is
+ not very common, because forward proxies usually communicate with many
+ different origin servers. Creating explicit workers for some of the
+ origin servers can still be useful, if they are used very often.
+ Explicitly configured workers have no concept of forward or reverse
+ proxying by themselves. They encapsulate a common concept of
+ communication with origin servers. A worker created by
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> for use in a
+ reverse proxy will be also used for forward proxy requests whenever
+ the URL to the origin server matches the worker URL and vice versa.</p>
+
+ <p>The URL identifying a direct worker is the URL of its
+ origin server including any path components given:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /examples http://backend.example.com/examples
+ProxyPass /docs http://backend.example.com/docs</pre>
+
+
+ <p>This example defines two different workers, each using a separate
+ connection pool and configuration.</p>
+
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Worker Sharing</h3>
+ <p>Worker sharing happens if the worker URLs overlap, which occurs when
+ the URL of some worker is a leading substring of the URL of another
+ worker defined later in the configuration file. In the following example</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /apps http://backend.example.com/ timeout=60
+ProxyPass /examples http://backend.example.com/examples timeout=10</pre>
+
+
+ <p>the second worker isn't actually created. Instead the first
+ worker is used. The benefit is, that there is only one connection pool,
+ so connections are more often reused. Note that all configuration attributes
+ given explicitly for the later worker will be ignored. This will be logged
+ as a warning. In the above example the resulting timeout value
+ for the URL <code>/examples</code> will be <code>60</code> instead
+ of <code>10</code>!</p>
+
+ <p>If you want to avoid worker sharing, sort your worker definitions
+ by URL length, starting with the longest worker URLs. If you want to maximize
+ worker sharing use the reverse sort order. See also the related warning about
+ ordering <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directives.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>Explicitly configured workers come in two flavors:
+ <dfn>direct workers</dfn> and <dfn>(load) balancer workers</dfn>.
+ They support many important configuration attributes which are
+ described below in the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code>
+ directive. The same attributes can also be set using
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxyset">ProxySet</a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>The set of options available for a direct worker
+ depends on the protocol, which is specified in the origin server URL.
+ Available protocols include <code>ajp</code>, <code>fcgi</code>,
+ <code>ftp</code>, <code>http</code> and <code>scgi</code>.</p>
+
+ <p>Balancer workers are virtual workers that use direct workers known
+ as their members to actually handle the requests. Each balancer can
+ have multiple members. When it handles a request, it chooses a member
+ based on the configured load balancing algorithm.</p>
+
+ <p>A balancer worker is created if its worker URL uses
+ <code>balancer</code> as the protocol scheme.
+ The balancer URL uniquely identifies the balancer worker.
+ Members are added to a balancer using
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#balancermember">BalancerMember</a></code>.</p>
- <div class="example"><h3>Reverse Proxy</h3><p><code>
- ProxyRequests Off<br />
- <br />
- <Proxy *><br />
- <span class="indent">
- Order deny,allow<br />
- Allow from all<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy><br />
- <br />
- ProxyPass /foo http://foo.example.com/bar<br />
- ProxyPassReverse /foo http://foo.example.com/bar
- </code></p></div>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="access" id="access">Controlling access to your proxy</a></h2>
<p>You can control who can access your proxy via the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxy"><Proxy></a></code> control block as in
the following example:</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- <Proxy *><br />
- <span class="indent">
- Order Deny,Allow<br />
- Deny from all<br />
- Allow from 192.168.0<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Proxy *>
+ Require ip 192.168.0
+</Proxy></pre>
+
<p>For more information on access control directives, see
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>.</p>
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="intranet" id="intranet">Intranet Proxy</a></h2>
- <p>An Apache proxy server situated in an intranet needs to forward
+ <p>An Apache httpd proxy server situated in an intranet needs to forward
external requests through the company's firewall (for this, configure
the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxyremote">ProxyRemote</a></code> directive
to forward the respective <var>scheme</var> to the firewall proxy).
WWW requests, thus requesting "http://somehost/" instead of
<code>http://somehost.example.com/</code>. Some commercial proxy servers
let them get away with this and simply serve the request, implying a
- configured local domain. When the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxydomain">ProxyDomain</a></code> directive is used and the server is <a href="#proxyrequests">configured for proxy service</a>, Apache can return
+ configured local domain. When the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxydomain">ProxyDomain</a></code> directive is used and the server is <a href="#proxyrequests">configured for proxy service</a>, Apache httpd can return
a redirect response and send the client to the correct, fully qualified,
server address. This is the preferred method since the user's bookmark
files will then contain fully qualified hosts.</p>
<p>These are the <code>force-proxy-request-1.0</code> and
<code>proxy-nokeepalive</code> notes.</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- <Location /buggyappserver/><br />
- <span class="indent">
- ProxyPass http://buggyappserver:7001/foo/<br />
- SetEnv force-proxy-request-1.0 1<br />
- SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1<br />
- </span>
- </Location>
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Location /buggyappserver/>
+ ProxyPass http://buggyappserver:7001/foo/
+ SetEnv force-proxy-request-1.0 1
+ SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1
+</Location></pre>
+
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<code>proxy-sendchunked</code> minimizes resource usage by using
chunked encoding.</p>
+ <p>Under some circumstances, the server must spool request bodies
+ to disk to satisfy the requested handling of request bodies. For
+ example, this spooling will occur if the original body was sent with
+ chunked encoding (and is large), but the administrator has
+ asked for backend requests to be sent with Content-Length or as HTTP/1.0.
+ This spooling can also occur if the request body already has a
+ Content-Length header, but the server is configured to filter incoming
+ request bodies.</p>
+
+ <p><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#limitrequestbody">LimitRequestBody</a></code> only applies to
+ request bodies that the server will spool to disk</p>
+
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="x-headers" id="x-headers">Reverse Proxy Request Headers</a></h2>
<dt><code>X-Forwarded-For</code></dt>
<dd>The IP address of the client.</dd>
<dt><code>X-Forwarded-Host</code></dt>
- <dd>The original host requested by the client in the <code>Host</code>
+ <dd>The original host requested by the client in the <code>Host</code>
HTTP request header.</dd>
<dt><code>X-Forwarded-Server</code></dt>
<dd>The hostname of the proxy server.</dd>
<p>See also the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypreservehost">ProxyPreserveHost</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#proxyvia">ProxyVia</a></code> directives, which control
other request headers.</p>
+ <p>Note: If you need to specify custom request headers to be
+ added to the forwarded request, use the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_headers.html#requestheader">RequestHeader</a></code>
+ directive.</p>
+
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="BalancerGrowth" id="BalancerGrowth">BalancerGrowth</a> <a name="balancergrowth" id="balancergrowth">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Number of additional Balancers that can be added Post-configuration</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>BalancerGrowth <var>#</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>BalancerGrowth 5</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>BalancerGrowth is only available in Apache HTTP Server 2.3.13
+ and later.</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive allows for growth potential in the number of
+ Balancers available for a virtualhost in addition to the
+ number pre-configured. It only takes effect if there is at
+ least 1 pre-configured Balancer.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="BalancerInherit" id="BalancerInherit">BalancerInherit</a> <a name="balancerinherit" id="balancerinherit">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Inherit proxy Balancers/Workers defined from the main server</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>BalancerInherit On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>BalancerInherit On</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>BalancerInherit is only available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.5 and later.</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive will cause the current server/vhost to "inherit"
+ Balancers and Workers defined in the main server. This can cause issues and
+ inconsistent behavior if using the Balancer Manager for dynamic changes
+ and so should be disabled if using that feature.</p>
+ <p>The setting in the global server defines the default for all vhosts.</p>
+ <p>Disabling <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypassinherit">ProxyPassInherit</a></code> also disables BalancerInherit.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="BalancerMember" id="BalancerMember">BalancerMember</a> <a name="balancermember" id="balancermember">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Add a member to a load balancing group</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>BalancerMember is only available in Apache 2.2
- and later.</td></tr>
</table>
- <p>This directive adds a member to a load balancing group. It could be used
- within a <code><Proxy <var>balancer://</var>...></code> container
- directive, and can take any of the key value pair parameters available to
- <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directives.</p>
- <p>One additional parameter is available only to <code class="directive"><a href="#balancermember">BalancerMember</a></code> directives:
- <var>loadfactor</var>. This is the member load factor - a number between 1
- (default) and 100, which defines the weighted load to be applied to the
- member in question.</p>
- <p>The balancerurl is only needed when not in <code><Proxy <var>balancer://</var>...></code>
- container directive. It corresponds to the url of a balancer defined in
- <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive.</p>
-
+ <p>This directive adds a member to a load balancing group. It could be used
+ within a <code><Proxy <var>balancer://</var>...></code> container
+ directive, and can take any of the key value pair parameters available to
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directives.</p>
+ <p>One additional parameter is available only to <code class="directive">BalancerMember</code> directives:
+ <var>loadfactor</var>. This is the member load factor - a number between 1
+ (default) and 100, which defines the weighted load to be applied to the
+ member in question.</p>
+ <p>The <var>balancerurl</var> is only needed when not in <code><Proxy <var>balancer://</var>...></code>
+ container directive. It corresponds to the url of a balancer defined in
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive.</p>
+ <p>The path component of the balancer URL in any
+ <code><Proxy <var>balancer://</var>...></code> container directive
+ is ignored.</p>
+ <p>Trailing slashes should typically be removed from the URL of a
+ <code class="directive">BalancerMember</code>.</p>
+
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="BalancerPersist" id="BalancerPersist">BalancerPersist</a> <a name="balancerpersist" id="balancerpersist">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Attempt to persist changes made by the Balancer Manager across restarts.</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>BalancerPersist On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>BalancerPersist Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>BalancerPersist is only available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.4 and later.</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive will cause the shared memory storage associated
+ with the balancers and balancer members to be persisted across
+ restarts. This allows these local changes to not be lost during the
+ normal restart/graceful state transitions.</p>
+
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="NoProxy" id="NoProxy">NoProxy</a> <a name="noproxy" id="noproxy">Directive</a></h2>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
</table>
- <p>This directive is only useful for Apache proxy servers within
+ <p>This directive is only useful for Apache httpd proxy servers within
intranets. The <code class="directive">NoProxy</code> directive specifies a
list of subnets, IP addresses, hosts and/or domains, separated by
spaces. A request to a host which matches one or more of these is
always served directly, without forwarding to the configured
<code class="directive"><a href="#proxyremote">ProxyRemote</a></code> proxy server(s).</p>
- <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
- ProxyRemote * http://firewall.example.com:81<br />
- NoProxy .example.com 192.168.112.0/21
- </code></p></div>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyRemote * http://firewall.example.com:81
+NoProxy .example.com 192.168.112.0/21</pre>
+</div>
<p>The <var>host</var> arguments to the <code class="directive">NoProxy</code>
directive are one of the following type list:</p>
all ending in <var>Domain</var>).</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Examples</h3><p><code>
- .com .apache.org.
+ .com .example.org.
</code></p></div>
<p>To distinguish <var>Domain</var>s from <var><a href="#hostname">Hostname</a></var>s (both syntactically and semantically; a DNS domain can
have a DNS A record, too!), <var>Domain</var>s are always written with a
leading period.</p>
-
+
<div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
<p>Domain name comparisons are done without regard to the case, and
<var>Domain</var>s are always assumed to be anchored in the root of the
</dl>
<p>As a degenerate case, a <em>SubNet</em> with 32 valid bits is the
- equivalent to an <var><a href="#ipadr">IPAddr</a></var>, while a <var>SubNet</var> with zero
+ equivalent to an <var><a href="#ipaddr">IPAddr</a></var>, while a <var>SubNet</var> with zero
valid bits (<em>e.g.</em>, 0.0.0.0/0) is the same as the constant
<var>_Default_</var>, matching any IP address.</p></dd>
<div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
192.168.123.7
</code></p></div>
-
+
<div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
<p>An <var>IPAddr</var> does not need to be resolved by the DNS system, so
it can result in more effective apache performance.</p>
of hosts with different <var><a href="#ipaddr">IPAddr</a></var>s).</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Examples</h3><p><code>
- prep.ai.example.com<br />
- www.apache.org
+ prep.ai.example.edu<br />
+ www.example.org
</code></p></div>
<div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
<p>In many situations, it is more effective to specify an <var><a href="#ipaddr">IPAddr</a></var> in place of a <var>Hostname</var> since a
- DNS lookup can be avoided. Name resolution in Apache can take a remarkable
+ DNS lookup can be avoided. Name resolution in Apache httpd can take a remarkable
deal of time when the connection to the name server uses a slow PPP
link.</p>
<p><var>Hostname</var> comparisons are done without regard to the case,
<code>yournetwork.example.com</code> to access content via your proxy
server:</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- <Proxy *><br />
- <span class="indent">
- Order Deny,Allow<br />
- Deny from all<br />
- Allow from yournetwork.example.com<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Proxy *>
+ Require host yournetwork.example.com
+</Proxy></pre>
+
<p>The following example will process all files in the <code>foo</code>
directory of <code>example.com</code> through the <code>INCLUDES</code>
filter when they are sent through the proxy server:</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- <Proxy http://example.com/foo/*><br />
- <span class="indent">
- SetOutputFilter INCLUDES<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Proxy http://example.com/foo/*>
+ SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
+</Proxy></pre>
+
+
+ <div class="note"><h3>Differences from the Location configuration section</h3>
+ <p>A backend URL matches the configuration section if it begins with the
+ the <var>wildcard-url</var> string, even if the last path segment in the
+ directive only matches a prefix of the backend URL. For example,
+ <Proxy http://example.com/foo> matches all of
+ http://example.com/foo, http://example.com/foo/bar, and
+ http://example.com/foobar. The matching of the final URL differs
+ from the behavior of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section, which for purposes of this note
+ treats the final path component as if it ended in a slash.</p>
+ <p>For more control over the matching, see <code class="directive"><ProxyMatch></code>.</p>
+ </div>
<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="#proxymatch"><ProxyMatch></a></code></li>
</ul>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyAddHeaders" id="ProxyAddHeaders">ProxyAddHeaders</a> <a name="proxyaddheaders" id="proxyaddheaders">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Add proxy information in X-Forwarded-* headers</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ProxyAddHeaders Off|On</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>ProxyAddHeaders On</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.3.10 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive determines whether or not proxy related information should be passed to the
+ backend server through X-Forwarded-For, X-Forwarded-Host and X-Forwarded-Server HTTP headers.</p>
+ <div class="note"><h3>Effectiveness</h3>
+ <p>This option is of use only for HTTP proxying, as handled by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code>.</p>
+ </div>
+
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyBadHeader" id="ProxyBadHeader">ProxyBadHeader</a> <a name="proxybadheader" id="proxybadheader">Directive</a></h2>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.0.44 and later</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">ProxyBadHeader</code> directive determines the
behaviour of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> if it receives syntactically invalid
- header lines (<em>i.e.</em> containing no colon). The following arguments
- are possible:</p>
+ response header lines (<em>i.e.</em> containing no colon) from the origin
+ server. The following arguments are possible:</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>IsError</code></dt>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyBlock" id="ProxyBlock">ProxyBlock</a> <a name="proxyblock" id="proxyblock">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Words, hosts, or domains that are banned from being
-proxied</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ProxyBlock *|<var>word</var>|<var>host</var>|<var>domain</var>
-[<var>word</var>|<var>host</var>|<var>domain</var>] ...</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Disallow proxy requests to certain hosts</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ProxyBlock *|<var>hostname</var>|<var>partial-hostname</var> [<var>hostname</var>|<var>partial-hostname</var>]...</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
</table>
- <p>The <code class="directive">ProxyBlock</code> directive specifies a list of
- words, hosts and/or domains, separated by spaces. HTTP, HTTPS, and
- FTP document requests to sites whose names contain matched words,
- hosts or domains are <em>blocked</em> by the proxy server. The proxy
- module will also attempt to determine IP addresses of list items which
- may be hostnames during startup, and cache them for match test as
- well. That may slow down the startup time of the server.</p>
-
- <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
- ProxyBlock joes-garage.com some-host.co.uk rocky.wotsamattau.edu
- </code></p></div>
+ <p>The <code class="directive">ProxyBlock</code> directive can be used to
+ block FTP or HTTP access to certain hosts via the proxy, based on
+ a full or partial hostname match, or, if applicable, an IP address
+ comparison.</p>
+
+ <p>Each of the arguments to the <code class="directive">ProxyBlock</code>
+ directive can be either <code>*</code> or a alphanumeric string.
+ At startup, the module will attempt to resolve every alphanumeric
+ string from a DNS name to a set of IP addresses, but any DNS errors
+ are ignored.</p>
+
+ <p>If an asterisk "<code>*</code>" argument is specified,
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> will deny access to all FTP or HTTP
+ sites.</p>
+
+ <p>Otherwise, for any request for an HTTP or FTP resource via the
+ proxy, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code> will check the hostname of the
+ request URI against each specified string. If a partial string
+ match is found, access is denied. If no matches against hostnames
+ are found, and a remote (forward) proxy is configured using
+ <code class="directive">ProxyRemote</code> or
+ <code class="directive">ProxyRemoteMatch</code>, access is allowed. If no
+ remote (forward) proxy is configured, the IP address of the
+ hostname from the URI is compared against all resolved IP
+ addresses determined at startup. Access is denied if any match is
+ found.</p>
+
+ <p>Note that the DNS lookups may slow down the startup time of the
+ server.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyBlock news.example.com auctions.example.com friends.example.com</pre>
+</div>
- <p><code>rocky.wotsamattau.edu</code> would also be matched if referenced by
- IP address.</p>
+ <p>Note that <code>example</code> would also be sufficient to match any
+ of these sites.</p>
- <p>Note that <code>wotsamattau</code> would also be sufficient to match
- <code>wotsamattau.edu</code>.</p>
+ <p>Hosts would also be matched if referenced by IP address.</p>
<p>Note also that</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyBlock *
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyBlock *</pre>
+
<p>blocks connections to all sites.</p>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
</table>
- <p>This directive is only useful for Apache proxy servers within
+ <p>This directive is only useful for Apache httpd proxy servers within
intranets. The <code class="directive">ProxyDomain</code> directive specifies
the default domain which the apache proxy server will belong to. If a
request to a host without a domain name is encountered, a redirection
response to the same host with the configured <var>Domain</var> appended
will be generated.</p>
- <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
- ProxyRemote * http://firewall.example.com:81<br />
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config"> ProxyRemote * http://firewall.example.com:81<br />
NoProxy .example.com 192.168.112.0/21<br />
- ProxyDomain .example.com
- </code></p></div>
+ ProxyDomain .example.com</pre>
+</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Override error pages for proxied content</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ProxyErrorOverride On|Off</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>ProxyErrorOverride Off</code></td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.0 and later</td></tr>
</table>
- <p>This directive is useful for reverse-proxy setups, where you want to
- have a common look and feel on the error pages seen by the end user.
+ <p>This directive is useful for reverse-proxy setups, where you want to
+ have a common look and feel on the error pages seen by the end user.
This also allows for included files (via
<code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>'s SSI) to get
the error code and act accordingly (default behavior would display
input and output. The size must be at least <code>512</code>.</p>
<p>In almost every case there's no reason to change that value.</p>
+
<p>If used with AJP this directive sets the maximum AJP packet size in
- bytes. If you change it from the default, you must also change the
- <code>packetSize</code> attribute of your AJP connector on the
- Tomcat side! The attribute <code>packetSize</code> is only available
- in Tomcat <code>5.5.20+</code> and <code>6.0.2+</code></p>
+ bytes. Values larger than 65536 are set to 65536. If you change it from
+ the default, you must also change the <code>packetSize</code> attribute of
+ your AJP connector on the Tomcat side! The attribute
+ <code>packetSize</code> is only available in Tomcat <code>5.5.20+</code>
+ and <code>6.0.2+</code></p>
+
<p>Normally it is not necessary to change the maximum packet size.
Problems with the default value have been reported when sending
certificates or certificate chains.</p>
-
+
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyMatch" id="ProxyMatch"><ProxyMatch></a> <a name="proxymatch" id="proxymatch">Directive</a></h2>
<table class="directive">
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Container for directives applied to regular-expression-matched
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Container for directives applied to regular-expression-matched
proxied resources</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code><ProxyMatch <var>regex</var>> ...</ProxyMatch></code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
identical to the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxy"><Proxy></a></code> directive, except it matches URLs
using <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular expressions</a>.</p>
+ <p>From 2.4.8 onwards, named groups and backreferences are captured and
+ written to the environment with the corresponding name prefixed with
+ "MATCH_" and in upper case. This allows elements of URLs to be referenced
+ from within <a href="../expr.html">expressions</a> and modules like
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>. In order to prevent confusion, numbered
+ (unnamed) backreferences are ignored. Use named groups instead.</p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><ProxyMatch ^http://(?<sitename>[^/]+)>
+ require ldap-group cn=%{env:MATCH_SITENAME},ou=combined,o=Example
+</ProxyMatch></pre>
+
+
<h3>See also</h3>
<ul>
<li><code class="directive"><a href="#proxy"><Proxy></a></code></li>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.0 and later;
- default behaviour changed in 2.2.7/2.3</td></tr>
</table>
<p>The <code class="directive">ProxyMaxForwards</code> directive specifies the
maximum number of proxies through which a request may pass, if there's no
<code>Max-Forwards</code> header supplied with the request. This may
be set to prevent infinite proxy loops, or a DoS attack.</p>
- <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
- ProxyMaxForwards 15
- </code></p></div>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyMaxForwards 15</pre>
+</div>
<p>Note that setting <code class="directive">ProxyMaxForwards</code> is a
violation of the HTTP/1.1 protocol (RFC2616), which forbids a Proxy
setting <code>Max-Forwards</code> if the Client didn't set it.
- Earlier Apache versions would always set it. A negative
+ Earlier Apache httpd versions would always set it. A negative
<code class="directive">ProxyMaxForwards</code> value, including the
default -1, gives you protocol-compliant behaviour, but may
leave you open to loops.</p>
<table class="directive">
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maps remote servers into the local server URL-space</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ProxyPass [<var>path</var>] !|<var>url</var> [<var>key=value</var>
- <var>[key=value</var> ...]] [nocanon] [interpolate]</code></td></tr>
+ <var>[key=value</var> ...]] [nocanon] [interpolate] [noquery]</code></td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
a local virtual path; <var>url</var> is a partial URL for the
remote server and cannot include a query string.</p>
+ <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>This directive cannot be used within a
+ <code><Directory></code> context.</div>
+
<div class="warning">The <code class="directive"><a href="#proxyrequests">ProxyRequests</a></code> directive should
usually be set <strong>off</strong> when using
<code class="directive">ProxyPass</code>.</div>
+ <p>Support for using a Unix Domain Socket is available by using a url target
+ which prepends <code>unix:/path/lis.sock|</code>. For example, to proxy
+ HTTP and target the UDS at /home/www/socket you would use
+ <code>unix:/home/www.socket|http://localhost/whatever/</code>. Since
+ the socket is local, the hostname used (in this case <code>localhost</code>)
+ is moot, but it is passed as the Host: header value of the request.</p>
+
+ <div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The path associated with the <code>unix:</code>
+ URL is <code class="directive">DefaultRuntimeDir</code> aware.</div>
+
+ <div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> <code class="directive">RewriteRule</code> requires
+ the <code>[P,NE]</code> option to prevent the <code>'|'</code> character
+ from being escaped.</div>
+
<p>Suppose the local server has address <code>http://example.com/</code>;
then</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPass /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Location /mirror/foo/>
+ ProxyPass http://backend.example.com/
+</Location></pre>
+
<p>will cause a local request for
<code>http://example.com/mirror/foo/bar</code> to be internally converted
into a proxy request to <code>http://backend.example.com/bar</code>.</p>
+ <p>The following alternative syntax is possible, however it can carry a
+ performance penalty when present in very large numbers. The advantage of
+ the below syntax is that it allows for dynamic control via the
+ <a href="mod_proxy_balancer.html#balancer_manager">Balancer Manager</a> interface:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/</pre>
+
+
<div class="warning">
<p>If the first argument ends with a trailing <strong>/</strong>, the second
argument should also end with a trailing <strong>/</strong> and vice
<p>The <code>!</code> directive is useful in situations where you don't want
to reverse-proxy a subdirectory, <em>e.g.</em></p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPass /mirror/foo/i !<br />
- ProxyPass /mirror/foo http://backend.example.com
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Location /mirror/foo/>
+ ProxyPass http://backend.example.com/
+</Location>
+<Location /mirror/foo/i>
+ ProxyPass !
+</Location></pre>
+
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /mirror/foo/i !
+ProxyPass /mirror/foo http://backend.example.com</pre>
+
<p>will proxy all requests to <code>/mirror/foo</code> to
<code>backend.example.com</code> <em>except</em> requests made to
<code>/mirror/foo/i</code>.</p>
- <div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
- <p>Order is important: exclusions must come <em>before</em> the
- general <code class="directive">ProxyPass</code> directive.</p>
- </div>
-
- <p>As of Apache 2.1, the ability to use pooled connections to a backend
- server is available. Using the <code>key=value</code> parameters it is
- possible to tune this connection pooling. The default for a <code>Hard
- Maximum</code> for the number of connections is the number of threads per
- process in the active MPM. In the Prefork MPM, this is always 1, while with
- the Worker MPM it is controlled by the
- <code class="directive">ThreadsPerChild</code>.</p>
-
- <p>Setting <code>min</code> will determine how many connections will always
- be open to the backend server. Upto the Soft Maximum or <code>smax</code>
- number of connections will be created on demand. Any connections above
- <code>smax</code> are subject to a time to live or <code>ttl</code>. Apache
- will never create more than the Hard Maximum or <code>max</code> connections
- to the backend server.</p>
-
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPass /example http://backend.example.com smax=5 max=20 ttl=120 retry=300
- </code></p></div>
+ <div class="warning"><h3>Ordering ProxyPass Directives</h3>
+ <p>The configured <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code>
+ and <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypassmatch">ProxyPassMatch</a></code>
+ rules are checked in the order of configuration. The first rule that
+ matches wins. So usually you should sort conflicting
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> rules starting with the
+ longest URLs first. Otherwise later rules for longer URLS will be hidden
+ by any earlier rule which uses a leading substring of the URL. Note that
+ there is some relation with worker sharing. In contrast, only one
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive can be placed
+ in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location">Location</a></code> block, and the most
+ specific location will take precedence.</p>
+
+ <p>For the same reasons exclusions must come <em>before</em> the
+ general <code class="directive">ProxyPass</code> directives.</p>
+
+ </div>
+
+ <p>In Apache HTTP Server 2.1 and later, mod_proxy supports pooled
+ connections to a backend server. Connections created on demand
+ can be retained in a pool for future use. Limits on the pool size
+ and other settings can be coded on
+ the <code class="directive">ProxyPass</code> directive
+ using <code>key=value</code> parameters, described in the table
+ below.</p>
+
+ <p>By default, mod_proxy will allow and retain the maximum number of
+ connections that could be used simultaneously by that web server child
+ process. Use the <code>max</code> parameter to reduce the number from
+ the default. Use the <code>ttl</code> parameter to set an optional
+ time to live; connections which have been unused for at least
+ <code>ttl</code> seconds will be closed. <code>ttl</code> can be used
+ to avoid using a connection which is subject to closing because of the
+ backend server's keep-alive timeout.</p>
+
+ <p>The pool of connections is maintained per web server child
+ process, and <code>max</code> and other settings are not coordinated
+ among all child processes, except when only one child process is allowed
+ by configuration or MPM design.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /example http://backend.example.com max=20 ttl=120 retry=300</pre>
+</div>
+ <table class="bordered"><tr><th>BalancerMember parameters</th></tr></table>
<table>
<tr><th>Parameter</th>
<th>Default</th>
<th>Description</th></tr>
<tr><td>min</td>
<td>0</td>
- <td>Minimum number of connections that will always
- be open to the backend server.</td></tr>
+ <td>Minimum number of connection pool entries, unrelated to the
+ actual number of connections. This only needs to be modified from the
+ default for special circumstances where heap memory associated with the
+ backend connections should be preallocated or retained.</td></tr>
<tr><td>max</td>
<td>1...n</td>
- <td>Hard Maximum number of connections that will be
- allowed to the backend server. The default for a Hard Maximum
- for the number of connections is the number of threads per process in the
- active MPM. In the Prefork MPM, this is always 1, while with the Worker MPM
- it is controlled by the <code class="directive">ThreadsPerChild</code>.
- Apache will never create more than the Hard Maximum connections
- to the backend server.</td></tr>
+ <td>Maximum number of connections that will be allowed to the
+ backend server. The default for this limit is the number of threads
+ per process in the active MPM. In the Prefork MPM, this is always 1,
+ while with other MPMs it is controlled by the
+ <code class="directive">ThreadsPerChild</code> directive.</td></tr>
<tr><td>smax</td>
<td>max</td>
- <td>Upto the Soft Maximum
- number of connections will be created on demand. Any connections above
- <code>smax</code> are subject to a time to live or <code>ttl</code>.
- </td></tr>
+ <td>Retained connection pool entries above this limit are freed
+ during certain operations if they have been unused for longer than
+ the time to live, controlled by the <code>ttl</code> parameter. If
+ the connection pool entry has an associated connection, it will be
+ closed. This only needs to be modified from the default for special
+ circumstances where connection pool entries and any associated
+ connections which have exceeded the time to live need to be freed or
+ closed more aggressively.</td></tr>
<tr><td>acquire</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>If set this will be the maximum time to wait for a free
connection in the connection pool, in milliseconds. If there are no free
- connections in the pool the Apache will return <code>SERVER_BUSY</code>
+ connections in the pool the Apache httpd will return <code>SERVER_BUSY</code>
status to the client.
</td></tr>
<tr><td>connectiontimeout</td>
<td>timeout</td>
<td>Connect timeout in seconds.
- The number of seconds Apache waits for the creation of a connection to
+ The number of seconds Apache httpd waits for the creation of a connection to
the backend to complete. By adding a postfix of ms the timeout can be
also set in milliseconds.
</td></tr>
<td>This parameter should be used when you want to force mod_proxy
to immediately close a connection to the backend after being used, and
thus, disable its persistent connection and pool for that backend.
- This helps in various situations where a firewall between Apache and
+ This helps in various situations where a firewall between Apache
+ httpd and
the backend server (regardless of protocol) tends to silently
drop connections or when backends themselves may be under round-
robin DNS. To disable connection pooling reuse,
- set this property value to <code>On</code>.
+ set this property value to <code>On</code>.
</td></tr>
<tr><td>flushpackets</td>
<td>off</td>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>keepalive</td>
<td>Off</td>
- <td>This parameter should be used when you have a firewall between your
- Apache and the backend server, who tend to drop inactive connections.
+ <td><p>This parameter should be used when you have a firewall between your
+ Apache httpd and the backend server, who tend to drop inactive connections.
This flag will tell the Operating System to send <code>KEEP_ALIVE</code>
- messages on inactive connections (interval depends on global OS settings,
- generally 120ms), and thus prevent the firewall to drop the connection.
- To enable keepalive set this property value to <code>On</code>.
+ messages on inactive connections and thus prevent the firewall to drop the connection.
+ To enable keepalive set this property value to <code>On</code>. </p>
+ <p>The frequency of initial and subsequent TCP keepalive probes
+ depends on global OS settings, and may be as high as 2 hours. To be useful,
+ the frequency configured in the OS must be smaller than the threshold used
+ by the firewall.</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>lbset</td>
<td>0</td>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>ping</td>
<td>0</td>
- <td>Ping property tells webserver to send a <code>CPING</code>
- request on ajp13 connection before forwarding a request.
- The parameter is the delay in seconds to wait for the
- <code>CPONG</code> reply.
- This features has been added to avoid problem with hung and
- busy Tomcat's and require ajp13 ping/pong support which has
- been implemented on Tomcat 3.3.2+, 4.1.28+ and 5.0.13+.
+ <td>Ping property tells the webserver to "test" the connection to
+ the backend before forwarding the request. For negative values
+ the test is a simple socket check, for positive values it's
+ a more functional check, dependent upon the protocol. For AJP, it causes
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code>to send a <code>CPING</code>
+ request on the ajp13 connection (implemented on Tomcat 3.3.2+, 4.1.28+
+ and 5.0.13+). For HTTP, it causes <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code>
+ to send a <code>100-Continue</code> to the backend (only valid for
+ HTTP/1.1 - for non HTTP/1.1 backends, this property has no
+ effect). In both cases the parameter is the delay in seconds to wait
+ for the reply.
+ This feature has been added to avoid problems with hung and
+ busy backends.
This will increase the network traffic during the normal operation
which could be an issue, but it will lower the
traffic in case some of the cluster nodes are down or busy.
- Currently this has an effect only for AJP.
By adding a postfix of ms the delay can be also set in
milliseconds.
</td></tr>
<td>Redirection Route of the worker. This value is usually
set dynamically to enable safe removal of the node from
the cluster. If set all requests without session id will be
- redirected to the BalancerMember that has route parametar
+ redirected to the BalancerMember that has route parameter
equal as this value.
</td></tr>
<tr><td>retry</td>
<td>60</td>
<td>Connection pool worker retry timeout in seconds.
If the connection pool worker to the backend server is in the error state,
- Apache will not forward any requests to that server until the timeout
+ Apache httpd will not forward any requests to that server until the timeout
expires. This enables to shut down the backend server for maintenance,
and bring it back online later. A value of 0 means always retry workers
in an error state with no timeout.
<tr><td>status</td>
<td>-</td>
<td>Single letter value defining the initial status of
- this worker: 'D' is disabled, 'S' is stopped, 'I' is ignore-errors,
- 'H' is hot-standby and 'E' is in an error state. Status
- can be set (which is the default) by prepending with '+' or
+ this worker.
+ <table>
+ <tr><td>D: Worker is disabled and will not accept any requests.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>S: Worker is administratively stopped.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>I: Worker is in ignore-errors mode, and will always be considered available.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>H: Worker is in hot-standby mode and will only be used if no other
+ viable workers are available.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>E: Worker is in an error state.</td></tr>
+ <tr><td>N: Worker is in drain mode, and will only accept existing sticky sessions
+ destined for itself and ignore all other requests.</td></tr>
+ </table>Status
+ can be set (which is the default) by prepending with '+' or
cleared by prepending with '-'.
Thus, a setting of 'S-E' sets this worker to Stopped and
clears the in-error flag.
<tr><td>timeout</td>
<td><code class="directive"><a href="#proxytimeout">ProxyTimeout</a></code></td>
<td>Connection timeout in seconds.
- The number of seconds Apache waits for data sent by / to the backend.
+ The number of seconds Apache httpd waits for data sent by / to the backend.
</td></tr>
<tr><td>ttl</td>
<td>-</td>
- <td>Time To Live for the inactive connections above the
- <code>smax</code> connections in seconds. Apache will close all
- connections that has not been used inside that time period.
+ <td>Time to live for inactive connections and associated connection
+ pool entries, in seconds. Once reaching this limit, a
+ connection will not be used again; it will be closed at some
+ later time.
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>If the Proxy directive scheme starts with the
- <code>balancer://</code> (eg: <code>balancer://cluster/</code>,
+ <code>balancer://</code> (eg: <code>balancer://cluster</code>,
any path information is ignored) then a virtual worker that does not really
communicate with the backend server will be created. Instead it is responsible
for the management of several "real" workers. In that case the special set of
parameters can be add to this virtual worker. See <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code>
for more information about how the balancer works.
</p>
+ <table class="bordered"><tr><th>Balancer parameters</th></tr></table>
<table>
<tr><th>Parameter</th>
<th>Default</th>
<td>Balancer load-balance method. Select the load-balancing scheduler
method to use. Either <code>byrequests</code>, to perform weighted
request counting, <code>bytraffic</code>, to perform weighted
- traffic byte count balancing, or <code>bybusyness</code>, to perform
+ traffic byte count balancing, or <code>bybusyness</code>, to perform
pending request balancing. Default is <code>byrequests</code>.
</td></tr>
<tr><td>maxattempts</td>
- <td>1</td>
- <td>Maximum number of failover attempts before giving up.
+ <td>One less than the number of workers, or 1 with a single worker.</td>
+ <td>Maximum number of failover attempts before giving up.
</td></tr>
<tr><td>nofailover</td>
<td>Off</td>
and it depends on the backend application server that support sessions.
If the backend application server uses different name for cookies
and url encoded id (like servlet containers) use | to to separate them.
- The first part is for the cookie the second for the path.
+ The first part is for the cookie the second for the path.<br />
+ Available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.4 and later.
+ </td></tr>
+ <tr><td>stickysessionsep</td>
+ <td>"."</td>
+ <td>Sets the separation symbol in the session cookie. Some backend application servers
+ do not use the '.' as the symbol. For example the Oracle Weblogic server uses
+ '!'. The correct symbol can be set using this option. The setting of 'Off'
+ signifies that no symbol is used.
</td></tr>
<tr><td>scolonpathdelim</td>
<td>Off</td>
<td>If set to <code>On</code> the semi-colon character ';' will be
- used as an additional sticky session path deliminator/separator. This
+ used as an additional sticky session path delimiter/separator. This
is mainly used to emulate mod_jk's behavior when dealing with paths such
as <code>JSESSIONID=6736bcf34;foo=aabfa</code>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>timeout</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>Balancer timeout in seconds. If set this will be the maximum time
- to wait for a free worker. Default is not to wait.
+ to wait for a free worker. Default is not to wait.
</td></tr>
-
+ <tr><td>failonstatus</td>
+ <td>-</td>
+ <td>A single or comma-separated list of HTTP status codes. If set this will
+ force the worker into error state when the backend returns any status code
+ in the list. Worker recovery behaves the same as other worker errors.
+ </td></tr>
+ <tr><td>failontimeout</td>
+ <td>Off</td>
+ <td>If set, an IO read timeout after a request is sent to the backend will
+ force the worker into error state. Worker recovery behaves the same as other
+ worker errors.<br />
+ Available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.5 and later.
+ </td></tr>
+ <tr><td>nonce</td>
+ <td><auto></td>
+ <td>The protective nonce used in the <code>balancer-manager</code> application page.
+ The default is to use an automatically determined UUID-based
+ nonce, to provide for further protection for the page. If set,
+ then the nonce is set to that value. A setting of <code>None</code>
+ disables all nonce checking.
+ <div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
+ <p>In addition to the nonce, the <code>balancer-manager</code> page
+ should be protected via an ACL.</p>
+ </div>
+ </td></tr>
+ <tr><td>growth</td>
+ <td>0</td>
+ <td>Number of additional BalancerMembers to allow to be added
+ to this balancer in addition to those defined at configuration.
+ </td></tr>
+ <tr><td>forcerecovery</td>
+ <td>On</td>
+ <td>Force the immediate recovery of all workers without considering the
+ retry parameter of the workers if all workers of a balancer are
+ in error state. There might be cases where an already overloaded backend
+ can get into deeper trouble if the recovery of all workers is enforced
+ without considering the retry parameter of each worker. In this case
+ set to <code>Off</code>.<br />
+ Available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.2 and later.
+ </td></tr>
+
</table>
<p>A sample balancer setup</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPass /special-area http://special.example.com smax=5 max=10<br />
- ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid nofailover=On<br />
- <Proxy balancer://mycluster><br />
- <span class="indent">
- BalancerMember http://1.2.3.4:8009<br />
- BalancerMember http://1.2.3.5:8009 smax=10<br />
- # Less powerful server, don't send as many requests there<br />
- BalancerMember http://1.2.3.6:8009 smax=1 loadfactor=20<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /special-area http://special.example.com smax=5 max=10
+ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/ stickysession=JSESSIONID|jsessionid nofailover=On
+<Proxy balancer://mycluster>
+ BalancerMember ajp://1.2.3.4:8009
+ BalancerMember ajp://1.2.3.5:8009 loadfactor=20
+ # Less powerful server, don't send as many requests there,
+ BalancerMember ajp://1.2.3.6:8009 loadfactor=5
+</Proxy></pre>
+
<p>Setting up a hot-standby, that will only be used if no other
members are available</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPass / balancer://hotcluster/ <br />
- <Proxy balancer://hotcluster><br />
- <span class="indent">
- BalancerMember http://1.2.3.4:8009 loadfactor=1<br />
- BalancerMember http://1.2.3.5:8009 loadfactor=2<br />
- # The below is the hot standby<br />
- BalancerMember http://1.2.3.6:8009 status=+H<br />
- ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass / balancer://hotcluster/
+<Proxy balancer://hotcluster>
+ BalancerMember ajp://1.2.3.4:8009 loadfactor=1
+ BalancerMember ajp://1.2.3.5:8009 loadfactor=2
+ # The server below is on hot standby
+ BalancerMember ajp://1.2.3.6:8009 status=+H
+ ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
+</Proxy></pre>
+
<p>Normally, mod_proxy will canonicalise ProxyPassed URLs.
But this may be incompatible with some backends, particularly those
removes the normal limited protection against URL-based attacks
provided by the proxy.</p>
- <p>The optional <var>interpolate</var> keyword (available in
- httpd 2.2.9 and later), in combination with
+ <p>Normally, mod_proxy will include the query string when
+ generating the <var>SCRIPT_FILENAME</var> environment variable.
+ The optional <var>noquery</var> keyword (available in
+ httpd 2.4.1 and later) prevents this.</p>
+
+ <p>When used inside a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section, the first argument is omitted and the local
+ directory is obtained from the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>. The same will occur inside a
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> section,
+ however ProxyPass does not interpret the regexp as such, so it is necessary
+ to use <code class="directive">ProxyPassMatch</code> in this situation instead.</p>
+
+ <p>This directive is not supported in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> sections.</p>
+
+ <p>If you require a more flexible reverse-proxy configuration, see the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> directive with the
+ <code>[P]</code> flag.</p>
+
+ <p>The optional <var>interpolate</var> keyword, in combination with
<code class="directive">ProxyPassInterpolateEnv</code> causes the ProxyPass
to interpolate environment variables, using the syntax
<var>${VARNAME}</var>. Note that many of the standard CGI-derived
environment variables will not exist when this interpolation happens,
so you may still have to resort to <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
- for complex rules.</p>
+ for complex rules. Also note that interpolation is not supported
+ within the scheme portion of a URL. Dynamic determination of the
+ scheme can be accomplished with <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> as in the
+ following example.</p>
- <p>When used inside a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section, the first argument is omitted and the local
- directory is obtained from the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>.</p>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine On
+
+RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =off
+RewriteRule . - [E=protocol:http]
+RewriteCond %{HTTPS} =on
+RewriteRule . - [E=protocol:https]
+
+RewriteRule ^/mirror/foo/(.*) %{ENV:protocol}://backend.example.com/$1 [P]
+ProxyPassReverse /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/
+ProxyPassReverse /mirror/foo/ https://backend.example.com/</pre>
- <p>If you require a more flexible reverse-proxy configuration, see the
- <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> directive with the
- <code>[P]</code> flag.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyPassInherit" id="ProxyPassInherit">ProxyPassInherit</a> <a name="proxypassinherit" id="proxypassinherit">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Inherit ProxyPass directives defined from the main server</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ProxyPassInherit On|Off</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>ProxyPassInherit On</code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>ProxyPassInherit is only available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.5 and later.
+ and later.</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive will cause the current server/vhost to "inherit"
+ <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code>
+ directives defined in the main server. This can cause issues and
+ inconsistent behavior if using the Balancer Manager for dynamic changes
+ and so should be disabled if using that feature.</p>
+ <p>The setting in the global server defines the default for all vhosts.</p>
+ <p>Disabling ProxyPassInherit also disables <code class="directive"><a href="#balancerinherit">BalancerInherit</a></code>.</p>
+
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyPassInterpolateEnv" id="ProxyPassInterpolateEnv">ProxyPassInterpolateEnv</a> <a name="proxypassinterpolateenv" id="proxypassinterpolateenv">Directive</a></h2>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in httpd 2.2.9 and later</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive, together with the <var>interpolate</var> argument to
<code class="directive">ProxyPass</code>, <code class="directive">ProxyPassReverse</code>,
<code class="directive">ProxyPassReverseCookiePath</code> directives,
and causes them to substitute the value of an environment
variable <code>varname</code> for the string <code>${varname}</code>
- in configuration directives.</p>
+ in configuration directives (if the <var>interpolate</var> option is set).</p>
<p>Keep this turned off (for server performance) unless you need it!</p>
</div>
matches, the server will substitute any parenthesized matches into the given
string and use it as a new <var>url</var>.</p>
+ <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>This directive cannot be used within a
+ <code><Directory></code> context.</div>
+
<p>Suppose the local server has address <code>http://example.com/</code>;
then</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPassMatch ^(/.*\.gif)$ http://backend.example.com$1
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.gif)$ http://backend.example.com/$1</pre>
+
<p>will cause a local request for
<code>http://example.com/foo/bar.gif</code> to be internally converted
<p>The URL argument must be parsable as a URL <em>before</em> regexp
substitutions (as well as after). This limits the matches you can use.
For instance, if we had used</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPassMatch ^(/.*\.gif)$ http://backend.example.com:8000$1
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPassMatch ^(/.*\.gif)$ http://backend.example.com:8000$1</pre>
+
<p>in our previous example, it would fail with a syntax error
at server startup. This is a bug (PR 46665 in the ASF bugzilla),
and the workaround is to reformulate the match:</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.gif)$ http://backend.example.com:8000/$1
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.gif)$ http://backend.example.com:8000/$1</pre>
+
</div>
<p>The <code>!</code> directive is useful in situations where you don't want
to reverse-proxy a subdirectory.</p>
+ <p>When used inside a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> section, the first argument is omitted and the
+ regexp is obtained from the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code>.</p>
+
+ <p>If you require a more flexible reverse-proxy configuration, see the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> directive with the
+ <code>[P]</code> flag.</p>
+
+ <div class="note">
+ <h3>Default Substitution</h3>
+ <p>When the URL parameter doesn't use any backreferences into the regular
+ expression, the original URL will be appended to the URL parameter.
+ </p>
+ </div>
+
+ <div class="warning">
+ <h3>Security Warning</h3>
+ <p>Take care when constructing the target URL of the rule, considering
+ the security impact from allowing the client influence over the set of
+ URLs to which your server will act as a proxy. Ensure that the scheme
+ and hostname part of the URL is either fixed, or does not allow the
+ client undue influence.</p>
+ </div>
+
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyPassReverse" id="ProxyPassReverse">ProxyPassReverse</a> <a name="proxypassreverse" id="proxypassreverse">Directive</a></h2>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
</table>
- <p>This directive lets Apache adjust the URL in the <code>Location</code>,
+ <p>This directive lets Apache httpd adjust the URL in the <code>Location</code>,
<code>Content-Location</code> and <code>URI</code> headers on HTTP
- redirect responses. This is essential when Apache is used as a
+ redirect responses. This is essential when Apache httpd is used as a
reverse proxy (or gateway) to avoid by-passing the reverse proxy
because of HTTP redirects on the backend servers which stay behind
the reverse proxy.</p>
<p>Only the HTTP response headers specifically mentioned above
- will be rewritten. Apache will not rewrite other response
- headers, nor will it rewrite URL references inside HTML pages.
+ will be rewritten. Apache httpd will not rewrite other response
+ headers, nor will it by default rewrite URL references inside HTML pages.
This means that if the proxied content contains absolute URL
- references, they will by-pass the proxy. A third-party module
- that will look inside the HTML and rewrite URL references is Nick
- Kew's <a href="http://apache.webthing.com/mod_proxy_html/">mod_proxy_html</a>.</p>
+ references, they will by-pass the proxy. To rewrite HTML content to
+ match the proxy, you must load and enable <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_html.html">mod_proxy_html</a></code>.
+ </p>
<p><var>path</var> is the name of a local virtual path. <var>url</var> is a
partial URL for the remote server - the same way they are used for the
<p>For example, suppose the local server has address
<code>http://example.com/</code>; then</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxyPass /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/<br />
- ProxyPassReverse /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/<br />
- ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain backend.example.com public.example.com<br />
- ProxyPassReverseCookiePath / /mirror/foo/
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPass /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/
+ProxyPassReverse /mirror/foo/ http://backend.example.com/
+ProxyPassReverseCookieDomain backend.example.com public.example.com
+ProxyPassReverseCookiePath / /mirror/foo/</pre>
+
<p>will not only cause a local request for the
<code>http://example.com/mirror/foo/bar</code> to be internally converted
(the functionality <code>ProxyPass</code> provides here). It also takes care
of redirects the server <code>backend.example.com</code> sends: when
<code>http://backend.example.com/bar</code> is redirected by him to
- <code>http://backend.example.com/quux</code> Apache adjusts this to
+ <code>http://backend.example.com/quux</code> Apache httpd adjusts this to
<code>http://example.com/mirror/foo/quux</code> before forwarding the HTTP
redirect response to the client. Note that the hostname used for
constructing the URL is chosen in respect to the setting of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> directive.</p>
(<code>RewriteRule ... [P]</code>) from <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
because it doesn't depend on a corresponding <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive.</p>
- <p>The optional <var>interpolate</var> keyword (available in
- httpd 2.2.9 and later), used together with
+ <p>The optional <var>interpolate</var> keyword, used together with
<code class="directive">ProxyPassInterpolateEnv</code>, enables interpolation
of environment variables specified using the format <var>${VARNAME}</var>.
- </p>
+ Note that interpolation is not supported within the scheme portion of a
+ URL.</p>
<p>When used inside a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section, the first argument is omitted and the local
- directory is obtained from the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>.</p>
+ directory is obtained from the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code>. The same occurs inside a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#locationmatch"><LocationMatch></a></code> section, but will probably not work as
+ intended, as ProxyPassReverse will interpret the regexp literally as a
+ path; if needed in this situation, specify the ProxyPassReverse outside
+ the section, or in a separate <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> section.</p>
+
+ <p>This directive is not supported in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> sections.</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
</table>
-<p>Usage is basically similar to
-<code class="directive"><a href="#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code>, but instead of
-rewriting headers that are a URL, this rewrites the <code>path</code>
-string in <code>Set-Cookie</code> headers.</p>
+<p>
+Useful in conjunction with
+<code class="directive"><a href="#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code>
+in situations where backend URL paths are mapped to public paths on the
+reverse proxy. This directive rewrites the <code>path</code> string in
+<code>Set-Cookie</code> headers. If the beginning of the cookie path matches
+<var>internal-path</var>, the cookie path will be replaced with
+<var>public-path</var>.
+</p><p>
+In the example given with
+<code class="directive"><a href="#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code>, the directive:
+</p>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyPassReverseCookiePath / /mirror/foo/</pre>
+
+<p>
+will rewrite a cookie with backend path <code>/</code> (or
+<code>/example</code> or, in fact, anything) to <code>/mirror/foo/</code>.
+</p>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.0.31 and later. Usable in directory
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Usable in directory
context in 2.3.3 and later.</td></tr>
</table>
<p>When enabled, this option will pass the Host: line from the incoming
request to the proxied host, instead of the hostname specified in the
<code class="directive">ProxyPass</code> line.</p>
- <p>This option should normally be turned <code>Off</code>. It is mostly
+ <p>This option should normally be turned <code>Off</code>. It is mostly
useful in special configurations like proxied mass name-based virtual
hosting, where the original Host header needs to be evaluated by the
backend server.</p>
to <code>0</code> to indicate that the system's default buffer size should
be used.</p>
- <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
- ProxyReceiveBufferSize 2048
- </code></p></div>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyReceiveBufferSize 2048</pre>
+</div>
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
are supported by this module. When using <code>https</code>, the requests
are forwarded through the remote proxy using the HTTP CONNECT method.</p>
- <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
- ProxyRemote http://goodguys.example.com/ http://mirrorguys.example.com:8000<br />
- ProxyRemote * http://cleverproxy.localdomain<br />
- ProxyRemote ftp http://ftpproxy.mydomain:8080
- </code></p></div>
+ <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxyRemote http://goodguys.example.com/ http://mirrorguys.example.com:8000
+ProxyRemote * http://cleverproxy.localdomain
+ProxyRemote ftp http://ftpproxy.mydomain:8080</pre>
+</div>
<p>In the last example, the proxy will forward FTP requests, encapsulated
as yet another HTTP proxy request, to another proxy which can handle
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
</table>
- <p>This allows or prevents Apache from functioning as a forward proxy
+ <p>This allows or prevents Apache httpd from functioning as a forward proxy
server. (Setting ProxyRequests to <code>Off</code> does not disable use of
the <code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive.)</p>
need also <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_http.html">mod_proxy_http</a></code> or <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_ftp.html">mod_proxy_ftp</a></code>
(or both) present in the server.</p>
+ <p>In order to get the functionality of (forward) proxying HTTPS sites, you
+ need <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy_connect.html">mod_proxy_connect</a></code> enabled in the server.</p>
+
<div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
<p>Do not enable proxying with <code class="directive"><a href="#proxyrequests">ProxyRequests</a></code> until you have <a href="#access">secured your server</a>. Open proxy servers are dangerous
both to your network and to the Internet at large.</p>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>ProxySet is only available in Apache 2.2
- and later.</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive is used as an alternate method of setting any of the
parameters available to Proxy balancers and workers normally done via the
<code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> instead of a
<code class="directive"><a href="#proxypass">ProxyPass</a></code> directive.</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- <Proxy balancer://hotcluster><br />
- <span class="indent">
- BalancerMember http://www2.example.com:8009 loadfactor=1<br />
- BalancerMember http://www3.example.com:8009 loadfactor=2<br />
- ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <div class="example"><pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Proxy balancer://hotcluster>
+ BalancerMember http://www2.example.com:8080 loadfactor=1
+ BalancerMember http://www3.example.com:8080 loadfactor=2
+ ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic
+</Proxy></pre>
+</div>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- <Proxy http://backend><br />
- <span class="indent">
- ProxySet keepalive=On<br />
- </span>
- </Proxy>
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Proxy http://backend>
+ ProxySet keepalive=On
+</Proxy></pre>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxySet balancer://foo lbmethod=bytraffic timeout=15
- </code></p></div>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- ProxySet ajp://backend:7001 timeout=15
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxySet balancer://foo lbmethod=bytraffic timeout=15</pre>
+
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">ProxySet ajp://backend:7001 timeout=15</pre>
+
<div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
<p>Keep in mind that the same parameter key can have a different meaning
</div>
+</div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxySourceAddress" id="ProxySourceAddress">ProxySourceAddress</a> <a name="proxysourceaddress" id="proxysourceaddress">Directive</a></h2>
+<table class="directive">
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Set local IP address for outgoing proxy connections</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ProxySourceAddress <var>address</var></code></td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
+<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.3.9 and later</td></tr>
+</table>
+ <p>This directive allows to set a specific local address to bind to when connecting
+ to a backend server.</p>
+
</div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ProxyStatus" id="ProxyStatus">ProxyStatus</a> <a name="proxystatus" id="proxystatus">Directive</a></h2>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.2 and later</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive determines whether or not proxy
loadbalancer status data is displayed via the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_proxy</td></tr>
-<tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.0.31 and later</td></tr>
</table>
<p>This directive allows a user to specifiy a timeout on proxy requests.
This is useful when you have a slow/buggy appserver which hangs, and you
<code>Via:</code> header line added for the current host.</li>
<li>If set to <code>Full</code>, each generated <code>Via:</code> header
- line will additionally have the Apache server version shown as a
+ line will additionally have the Apache httpd server version shown as a
<code>Via:</code> comment field.</li>
<li>If set to <code>Block</code>, every proxy request will have all its
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_proxy.html" title="English"> en </a> |
<a href="../fr/mod/mod_proxy.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
<a href="../ja/mod/mod_proxy.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a></p>
-</div><div id="footer">
-<p class="apache">Copyright 2010 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
-<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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projects / apache / blobdiff