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<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">How-To / Tutorials</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Apache HTTP Server Tutorial: .htaccess files</h1>
<div class="toplang">
<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/htaccess.html" title="English"> en </a> |
+<a href="../es/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
<a href="../fr/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
<a href="../ja/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
<a href="../ko/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#how">How directives are applied</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#auth">Authentication example</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ssi">Server Side Includes example</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewrite">Rewrite Rules in .htaccess files</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cgi">CGI example</a></li>
<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#troubleshoot">Troubleshooting</a></li>
-</ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+</ul><
h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="related" id="related">.htaccess files</a></h2>
- <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html">mod_authz_groupfile</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#authtype">AuthType</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#require">Require</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
+ <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html">mod_authz_groupfile</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#accessfilename">AccessFileName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#options">Options</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authtype">AuthType</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_core.html#authname">AuthName</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authn_file.html#authuserfile">AuthUserFile</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_groupfile.html#authgroupfile">AuthGroupFile</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
<div class="note">You should avoid using <code>.htaccess</code> files completely if you have access to
httpd main server config file. Using <code>.htaccess</code> files slows down your Apache http server.
if you would rather call the file <code>.config</code> then you
can put the following in your server configuration file:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">AccessFileName .config</pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">AccessFileName ".config"</pre>
</div>
<p>Note that it is completely equivalent to put a <code>.htaccess</code>
file in a directory <code>/www/htdocs/example</code> containing a
directive, and to put that same directive in a Directory section
- <code><Directory /www/htdocs/example></code> in your main server
+ <code><Directory "/www/htdocs/example"></code> in your main server
configuration:</p>
<p><code>.htaccess</code> file in <code>/www/htdocs/example</code>:</p>
<div class="example"><h3>Contents of .htaccess file in
- <code>/www/htdocs/example</code></h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">AddType text/example .exm</pre>
+ <code>/www/htdocs/example</code></h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">AddType text/example ".exm"</pre>
</div>
<div class="example"><h3>Section from your <code>httpd.conf</code>
- file</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-<Directory /www/htdocs/example>
- AddType text/example .exm
-</Directory>
- </pre>
+ file</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Directory "/www/htdocs/example">
+ AddType text/example ".exm"
+</Directory></pre>
</div>
<p>However, putting this configuration in your server configuration
<p>As discussed in the documentation on <a href="../sections.html">Configuration Sections</a>,
<code>.htaccess</code> files can override the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections for
- the corresponding directory, but will be overriden by other types
+ the corresponding directory, but will be overridden by other types
of configuration sections from the main configuration files. This
fact can be used to enforce certain configurations, even in the
presence of a liberal <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#allowoverride">AllowOverride</a></code> setting. For example, to
prevent script execution while allowing anything else to be set in
<code>.htaccess</code> you can use:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-<Directory /www/htdocs>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Directory "/www/htdocs">
AllowOverride All
</Directory>
-<Location />
- Options +IncludesNoExec -ExecCGI<br />
-</Location>
- </pre>
+<Location "/">
+ Options +IncludesNoExec -ExecCGI
+</Location></pre>
<div class="note">This example assumes that your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code> is <code>/www/htdocs</code>.</div>
<p><code>.htaccess</code> file contents:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-AuthType Basic
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">AuthType Basic
AuthName "Password Required"
-AuthUserFile /www/passwords/password.file
-AuthGroupFile /www/passwords/group.file
-Require Group admins
- </pre>
+AuthUserFile "/www/passwords/password.file"
+AuthGroupFile "/www/passwords/group.file"
+Require group admins</pre>
<p>Note that <code>AllowOverride AuthConfig</code> must be in effect
the following configuration directives, placed in a
<code>.htaccess</code> file in the desired directory:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-Options +Includes
-AddType text/html shtml
-AddHandler server-parsed shtml
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Options +Includes
+AddType text/html "shtml"
+AddHandler server-parsed shtml</pre>
<p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride
<p>Please see the <a href="ssi.html">SSI tutorial</a> for a more
complete discussion of server-side includes.</p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="rewrite" id="rewrite">Rewrite Rules in .htaccess files</a></h2>
+<p>When using <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> in
+<code>.htaccess</code> files, be aware that the per-directory context
+changes things a bit. In particular, rules are taken to be relative to
+the current directory, rather than being the original requested URI.
+Consider the following examples:</p>
+
+<pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># In httpd.conf
+RewriteRule "^/images/(.+)\.jpg" "/images/$1.png"
+
+# In .htaccess in root dir
+RewriteRule "^images/(.+)\.jpg" "images/$1.png"
+
+# In .htaccess in images/
+RewriteRule "^(.+)\.jpg" "$1.png"</pre>
+
+
+<p>In a <code>.htaccess</code> in your document directory, the leading
+slash is removed from the value supplied to <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code>, and in the
+<code>images</code> subdirectory, <code>/images/</code> is removed from
+it. Thus, your regular expression needs to omit that portion as
+well.</p>
+
+<p>Consult the <a href="../rewrite/">mod_rewrite documentation</a> for
+further details on using <code>mod_rewrite</code>.</p>
+
</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="section">
<h2><a name="cgi" id="cgi">CGI example</a></h2>
the execution of CGI programs in a particular directory. This may be
implemented with the following configuration:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-Options +ExecCGI
-AddHandler cgi-script cgi pl
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Options +ExecCGI
+AddHandler cgi-script "cgi" "pl"</pre>
<p>Alternately, if you wish to have all files in the given directory be
considered to be CGI programs, this may be done with the following
configuration:</p>
- <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
-Options +ExecCGI
-SetHandler cgi-script
- </pre>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Options +ExecCGI
+SetHandler cgi-script</pre>
<p>Note that <code>AllowOverride Options</code> and <code>AllowOverride
</div></div>
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<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/howto/htaccess.html" title="English"> en </a> |
+<a href="../es/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="es" rel="alternate" title="Español"> es </a> |
<a href="../fr/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
<a href="../ja/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
<a href="../ko/howto/htaccess.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
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+<p class="apache">Copyright 201
6 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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