<title>Glossary - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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-<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.1</p>
+<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/
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+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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-<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs
-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.1</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1>
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs
/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Glossary</h1>
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-<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/glossary.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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<p>This glossary defines some of the common terminology related to Apache in
- particular, and web serving in general. More information on each concept
+ particular, and web serving in general. More information on each concept
is provided in the links.</p>
</div>
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usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br /> See: <a href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
Control</a>
</dd>
-
+
<dt><a name="algorithm" id="algorithm">Algorithm</a></dt>
-
<dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite
number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called
<dfn>Ciphers</dfn>.
</dd>
-
+
<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool" id="apacheextensiontool">APache
eXtension Tool</a> <a name="apxs" id="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt>
- <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#module">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects
- (<span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#dso">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the
+ <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects
+ (<a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the
Apache Web server.<br />
- See: <a href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a>
+ See: Manual Page: <code class="program"><a href="./programs/apxs.html">apxs</a></code>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="apacheportableruntime" id="apacheportableruntime">Apache Portable Runtime</a> <a name="apr" id="apr">(APR)</a></dt>
+ <dd>A set of libraries providing many of the basic interfaces
+ between the server and the operating system. APR is developed
+ parallel to the Apache HTTP Server as an independent project.<br />
+ See: <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">Apache Portable Runtime
+ Project</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="authentication" id="authentication">Authentication</a></dt>
<dt><a name="certificate" id="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>
<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
- about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> (called
- the issuer), plus the owner's <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#publickey">public
+ about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a> (called
+ the issuer), plus the owner's <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickey" title="see glossary">public
key</a> and the
signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures
using CA certificates.<br />
<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest" id="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>
<a name="csr" id="csr">(CSR)</a></dt>
- <dd>An unsigned <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#certificate">certificate</a> for
- submission to a <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority">Certification
- Authority</a>, which signs it with the <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#privatekey">Private Key</a> of their CA
+ <dd>An unsigned <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificate" title="see glossary">certificate</a> for
+ submission to a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification
+ Authority</a>, which signs it with the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#privatekey" title="see glossary">Private Key</a> of their CA
<em>Certificate</em>. Once the CSR is signed, it becomes a real
certificate.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="ciphertext" id="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt>
- <dd>The result after <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#plaintext">Plaintext</a> is
- passed through a <
span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#cipher">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
+ <dd>The result after <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#plaintext" title="see glossary">Plaintext</a> is
+ passed through a <
a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="commongatewayinterface" id="commongatewayinterface">Common
Gateway Interface</a> <a name="cgi" id="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt>
<dd>A standard definition for an interface between a web server and an
external program that allows the external program to service requests.
- The interface was originally defined by <a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> but there
- is also an <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC project</a>.<br />
+ There is an <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3875">Informational
+ RFC</a> which covers the specifics.<br />
See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="configurationdirective" id="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>
- <dd>See: <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#directive">Directive</a></dd>
+ <dd>See: <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directive</a></dd>
<dt><a name="configurationfile" id="configurationfile">Configuration
File</a></dt>
- <dd>A text file containing <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#directive">Directives</a>
+ <dd>A text file containing <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">Directives</a>
that control the configuration of Apache.<br />
See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="connect" id="connect">CONNECT</a></dt>
- <dd>An HTTP <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#method">method</a> for proxying raw data
+ <dd>An HTTP <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#method" title="see glossary">method</a> for proxying raw data
channels over HTTP. It can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as
the SSL protocol.
</dd>
-
+
<dt><a name="context" id="context">Context</a></dt>
- <dd>An area in the <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#configurationfile">configuration
- files</a> where certain types of <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#directive">directives</a> are allowed.<br />
+ <dd>An area in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration
+ files</a> where certain types of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> are allowed.<br />
See: <a href="mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms Used to Describe
Apache Directives</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="digitalsignature" id="digitalsignature">Digital
Signature</a></dt>
<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
- <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a>
+ <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#certificationauthority" title="see glossary">Certification Authority</a>
creates a signature by generating a hash of the <em>Public Key</em>
embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then encrypting the hash with its own
<em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's public key can decrypt the signature,
<em>Certificate</em>.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
</dd>
-
+
<dt><a name="directive" id="directive">Directive</a></dt>
<dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of Apache's
- behavior. Directives are placed in the <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#configurationfile">Configuration File</a><br />
+ behavior. Directives are placed in the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">Configuration File</a><br />
See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive Index</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject" id="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic
Shared Object</a> <a name="dso" id="dso">(DSO)</a></dt>
- <dd><span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#module">Modules</a> compiled separately from the
- Apache httpd binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />
+ <dd><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#module" title="see glossary">Modules</a> compiled separately from the
+ Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />
See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a>
</dd>
server. Input filters process data sent by the client to the server,
while output filters process documents on the server before they are sent
to the client. For example, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter
- processes documents for <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#ssi">Server Side
+ processes documents for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssi" title="see glossary">Server Side
Includes</a>.<br />
See: <a href="filter.html">Filters</a>
</dd>
domain name that can resolve to an IP address. For example,
<code>www</code> is a hostname, <code>example.com</code> is a domain name,
and <code>www.example.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.
- </dd>
-
+ </dd>
+
<dt><a name="handler" id="handler">Handler</a></dt>
<dd>An internal Apache representation of the action to be performed when a
file is called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file
type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain
file types are "handled" separately. For example, the
<code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as
- <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#cgi">CGIs</a>.<br />
+ <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cgi" title="see glossary">CGIs</a>.<br />
See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="hash" id="hash">Hash</a></dt>
- <dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversable algorithm generating a string with
- fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings
- will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function).
+ <dd>A mathematical one-way, irreversible algorithm generating a string with
+ fixed-length from another string of any length. Different input strings
+ will usually produce different hashes (depending on the hash function).
</dd>
<dt><a name="header" id="header">Header</a></dt>
- <dd>The part of the <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#http">HTTP</a> request and
+ <dd>The part of the <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a> request and
response that is sent before the actual content, and that contains
meta-information describing the content.
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name=".htaccess" id=".htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt>
- <dd>A <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#configurationfile">configuration file</a> that
- is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#directive">directives</a> to the directory where it is
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="htaccess" id="htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration file</a> that
+ is placed inside the web tree and applies configuration <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#directive" title="see glossary">directives</a> to the directory where it is
placed and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold
almost any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br />
See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="httpd.conf" id="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>
- <dd>The main Apache <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#configurationfile">configuration
+ <dd>The main Apache <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#configurationfile" title="see glossary">configuration
file</a>. The default location is
<code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>, but it may be moved using
run-time or compile-time configuration.<br />
<dt><a name="https" id="https">HTTPS</a></dt>
<dd>The HyperText Transfer Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
- over <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#ssl">SSL</a>.<br />
+ over <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#ssl" title="see glossary">SSL</a>.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
- </dd>
+ </dd>
<dt><a name="method" id="method">Method</a></dt>
- <dd>In the context of <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#http">HTTP</a>, an action to
+ <dd>In the context of <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#http" title="see glossary">HTTP</a>, an action to
perform on a resource, specified on the request line by the client. Some
of the methods available in HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>,
and <code>PUT</code>.
- </dd>
-
+ </dd>
+
<dt><a name="messagedigest" id="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>
<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
the message have not been altered in transit.<br />
separated by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>,
<code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In
HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code>
- <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#header">header</a>.<br />
+ <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#header" title="see glossary">header</a>.<br />
See: <a href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="module" id="module">Module</a></dt>
<dd>An independent part of a program. Much of Apache's functionality is
contained in modules that you can choose to include or exclude. Modules
- that are compiled into the Apache httpd binary are called <em>static
- modules</em>, while modules that are stored separately and can be
- optionally loaded at run-time are called <em>dynamic modules</em> or
- <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#dso">DSOs</a>. Modules that are included by default
- are called <em>base modules</em>. Many modules are available for Apache
- that are not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#tarball">tarball</a>. These are referred to as
- <em>third-party modules</em>.<br />
+ that are compiled into the Apache <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> binary are
+ called <dfn>static modules</dfn>, while modules that are stored
+ separately and can be optionally loaded at run-time are called
+ <dfn>dynamic modules</dfn> or <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#dso" title="see glossary">DSOs</a>.
+ Modules that are included by default
+ are called <dfn>base modules</dfn>. Many modules are available for Apache
+ that are not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#tarball" title="see glossary">tarball</a>. These are referred to as
+ <dfn>third-party modules</dfn>.<br />
See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a>
</dd>
<dt><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt>
<dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files. It prevents
unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret
- encryption/decryption key used for <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#cipher">Ciphers</a>.<br />
+ encryption/decryption key used for <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#cipher" title="see glossary">Ciphers</a>.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
</dd>
<dd>The unencrypted text.</dd>
<dt><a name="privatekey" id="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt>
- <dd>The secret key in a <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography">Public Key
+ <dd>The secret key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key
Cryptography</a> system, used to decrypt incoming messages and
sign outgoing ones.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
</dd>
-
+
<dt><a name="proxy" id="proxy">Proxy</a></dt>
<dd>An intermediate server that sits between the client and the <em>origin
server</em>. It accepts requests from clients, transmits those requests
</dd>
<dt><a name="publickey" id="publickey">Public Key</a></dt>
- <dd>The publicly available key in a <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,
+ <dd>The publicly available key in a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#publickeycryptography" title="see glossary">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,
used to encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures
made by its owner.<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Cryptography.
<br />
See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
- </dd>
+ </dd>
<dt><a name="regularexpresion" id="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a>
<a name="regex" id="regex">(Regex)</a></dt>
expressions are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain
attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible ways
- for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images" directory could
- be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". Apache uses Perl
- Compatible Regular Expressions provided by the <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library.
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt>
- <dd>A <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#proxy">proxy</a> server that appears to the client
- as if it is an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real
- origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets
- Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt>
- <dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general
- communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most
- popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- over SSL.<br />
- See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side
- Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt>
- <dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br />
- See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a>
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt>
- <dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd>
-
- <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>
- <dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A.
- Young
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric
- Cryptography</a></dt>
- <dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
- for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />
- See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>
- <dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility.
- Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using
- pkzip.
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport
- Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>
- <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task
- Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over
- TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version
- 3.<br />
- See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform
- Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt>
- <dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet. This is the common
- informal term for what is formally called a <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>.
- URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like <code>http</code> or
- <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A URL for this page is
- <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.1/glossary.html</code>.
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>
- <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt>
- <dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical
- resource. It is formally defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. URIs used on the
- world-wide web are commonly referred to as <span title="see glossary">→</span> <a href="./glossary.html#url">URLs</a>.
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>
- <dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP
+ be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>". In places where
+ regular expressions are used to replace strings, the special variables
+ $1 ... $9 contain backreferences to the grouped parts (in parentheses) of
+ the matched expression. The special variable $0 contains a backreference
+ to the whole matched expression. To write a literal dollar sign in a
+ replacement string, it can be escaped with a backslash. Historically, the
+ variable & could be used as alias for $0 in some places. This is no
+ longer possible since version 2.3.6. Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular
+ Expressions provided by the <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a>
+ library. You can find more documentation about PCRE's regular expression
+ syntax at that site, or at
+ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCRE">Wikipedia</a>.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="reverseproxy" id="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt>
+ <dd>A <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#proxy" title="see glossary">proxy</a> server that appears to the client
+ as if it is an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real
+ origin server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="securesocketslayer" id="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets
+ Layer</a> <a name="ssl" id="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt>
+ <dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for general
+ communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most
+ popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
+ over SSL.<br />
+ See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="servernameindication" id="servernameindication">Server Name
+ Indication</a> <a name="sni" id="sni">(SNI)</a></dt>
+ <dd>An SSL function that allows passing the desired server
+ hostname in the initial SSL handshake message, so that the web
+ server can select the correct virtual host configuration to use
+ in processing the SSL handshake. It was added to SSL starting
+ with the TLS extensions, RFC 3546. <br />
+ See: <a href="ssl/ssl_faq.html">the SSL FAQ</a>
+ and <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3546.txt">RFC 3546</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="serversideincludes" id="serversideincludes">Server Side
+ Includes</a> <a name="ssi" id="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt>
+ <dd>A technique for embedding processing directives inside HTML files.<br />
+ See: <a href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="session" id="session">Session</a></dt>
+ <dd>The context information of a communication in general.</dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="ssleay" id="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>
+ <dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by Eric A.
+ Young
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="subrequest" id="subrequest">Subrequest</a></dt>
+ <dd>Apache provides a subrequest API to modules that allows other
+ filesystem or URL paths to be partially or fully evaluated by
+ the server. Example consumers of this API are
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_dir.html#directoryindex">DirectoryIndex</a></code>,
+ <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_autoindex.html">mod_autoindex</a></code>, and <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_include.html">mod_include</a></code>.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy" id="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric
+ Cryptography</a></dt>
+ <dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
+ for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />
+ See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="tarball" id="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>
+ <dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code> utility.
+ Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives or using
+ pkzip.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="transportlayersecurity" id="transportlayersecurity">Transport
+ Layer Security</a> <a name="tls" id="tls">(TLS)</a></dt>
+ <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task
+ Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over
+ TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br />
+ See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator" id="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform
+ Resource Locator</a> <a name="url" id="url">(URL)</a></dt>
+ <dd>The name/address of a resource on the Internet. This is the common
+ informal term for what is formally called a <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#uniformresourceidentifier" title="see glossary">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>.
+ URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like <code>http</code> or
+ <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A URL for this page might
+ be <code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs/trunk/glossary.html</code>.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier" id="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a>
+ <a name="URI" id="URI">(URI)</a></dt>
+ <dd>A compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical
+ resource. It is formally defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>. URIs used on the
+ world-wide web are commonly referred to as <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#url" title="see glossary">URLs</a>.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt><a name="virtualhosting" id="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt>
+ <dd>Serving multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP
virtual hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP
- address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the
- host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP address.<br />
- See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a>
- </dd>
-
- <dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt>
- <dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
- Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
- </dd>
-</dl>
+ address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name of the
+ host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP address.<br />
+
See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host documentation</a>
+ </dd>
+
+
<dt><a name="x.509" id="x.509">X.509</a></dt>
+ <dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
+
Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a>
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
</div></div>
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+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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