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-<h1 align="center">Glossary</h1>
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-<dl>
-<dt><a name="authentication">Authentication</a></dt> <dd>The positive
-identification of a network entity such as a server, a client, or a
-user.<br /> See: <a
-href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
-Control</a><br /><br /></dd>
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-<dt><a name="accesscontrol">Access Control</a></dt>
-<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In an Apache context
- usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.<br />
-See: <a
-href="howto/auth.html">Authentication, Authorization, and Access
-Control</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="apacheextensiontool">APache eXtension Tool</a> <a
-name="apxs">(apxs)</a></dt> <dd>A perl script that aids in compiling <a
-href="#module">module</a> sources into Dynamic Shared Objects (<a
-href="#dso">DSO</a>s) and helps install them in the Apache Web
-server.<br /> See: <a
-href="programs/apxs.html">Manual Page: apxs</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="certificate">Certificate</a></dt>
-<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
- as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
- about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <em>Certificate
- Authority</em> (called the issuer), plus the owner's public key and the
- signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures using
- CA certificates.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="certificationauthority">Certification Authority</a> <a
-name="ca">(CA)</a></dt> <dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to
-sign certificates for network entities it has authenticated using
-secure means. Other network entities can check the signature to verify
-that a CA has authenticated the bearer of a certificate.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="certificatsigningrequest">Certificate Signing Request</a>
-<a name="csr">(CSR)</a></dt> <dd>An unsigned certificate for
-submission to a <em>Certification Authority</em>, which signs it with
-the <em>Private Key</em> of their CA <em>Certificate</em>. Once the
-CSR is signed, it becomes a real certificate.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-
-<dt><a name="cipher">Cipher</a></dt> <dd>An algorithm or system for
-data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="ciphertext">Ciphertext</a></dt> <dd>The result after <a
-href="#plaintext">Plaintext</a> is passed through a <a
-href="#cipher">Cipher</a>.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS
-Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="commongatewayinterface">Common Gateway Interface</a> <a
-name="cgi">(CGI)</a></dt> <dd>A standard definition for an interface
-between a web server and an external program that allows the external
-program to service requests. The interface was originally defined by
-<a href="http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/overview.html">NCSA</a> but
-there is also an <a href="http://cgi-spec.golux.com/">RFC
-project</a>.<br />
-See: <a href="howto/cgi.html">Dynamic Content with CGI</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-
-<dt><a name="configurationdirective">Configuration Directive</a></dt>
-<dd>See: <a href="#directive">Directive</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="configurationfile">Configuration File</a></dt>
-<dd>A text file containing <a href="#directive">Directives</a>
-that control the configuration of Apache.<br />
-See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="connect">CONNECT</a></dt> <dd>An HTTP <a
-href="#method">method</a> for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It
-can be used to encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL
-protocol.<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="context">Context</a></dt> <dd>An area in the <a
-href="configurationfile">configuration files</a> where certain types
-of <a href="directive">directives</a> are allowed.<br /> See: <a
-href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/directive-dict.html#Context">Terms
-Used to Describe Apache Directives</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="digitalsignature">Digital Signature</a></dt>
-<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
- <em>Certification Authority</em> creates a signature by generating a
- hash of the <em>Public Key</em> embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then
- encrypting the hash with its own <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's
- public key can decrypt the signature, verifying that the CA has
- authenticated the network entity that owns the <em>Certificate</em>.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="directive">Directive</a></dt> <dd>A configuration command
-that controls one or more aspects of Apache's behavior. Directives
-are placed in the <a href="#configurationfile">Configuration
-File</a><br /> See: <a href="mod/directives.html">Directive
-Index</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="dynamicsharedobject">Dynamic Shared Object</a> <a
-name="dso">(DSO)</a></dt> <dd><a href="#module">Modules</a> compiled
-seperately from the Apache httpd binary that can be loaded on-demand.<br />
-See: <a href="dso.html">Dynamic Shared Object Support</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="environmentvariable">Environment Variable</a> <a
-name="env-variable">(env-variable)</a></dt>
-<dd>Named variables managed by the operating system shell
-and used to store information and communicate between programs. Apache also
-contains internal variables that are referred to as environment variables,
-but are stored in internal Apache structures, rather than in the
-shell environment.<br />
-See: <a href="env.html">Environment Variables in Apache</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="export-crippled">Export-Crippled</a></dt>
-<dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
- with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
- Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
- resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
- force.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="filter">Filter</a></dt> <dd>A process that is applied to
-data that is sent or received by the server. Input filters process
-data sent by the client to the server, while output filters process
-documents on the server before they are sent to the client. For
-examle, the <code>INCLUDES</code> output filter processes documents
-for <a href="#ssi">Server Side Includes</a>.<br /> See: <a
-href="filter.html">Filters</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="fully-qualifieddomain-name">Fully-Qualified
-Domain-Name</a> <a name="fqdn">(FQDN)</a></dt> <dd>The unique name of
-a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a domain name that can
-resolve to an IP address. For example, <code>www</code> is a hostname,
-<code>whatever.com</code> is a domain name, and
-<code>www.whatever.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.<br
-/><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="handler">Handler</a></dt> <dd>An internal Apache
-representation of the action to be performed when a file is
-called. Generally, files have implicit handlers, based on the file
-type. Normally, all files are simply served by the server, but certain
-file types are "handled" separately. For example, the
-<code>cgi-script</code> handler designates files to be processed as <a
-href="#cgi">CGIs</a>.<br />
-See: <a href="handler.html">Apache's Handler Use</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="header">Header</a></dt>
-<dd>The part of the <a href="#http">HTTP</a> request and response that
-is sent before the actual content, and that contains meta-information
-describing the content.<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name=".htaccess">.htaccess</a></dt> <dd>A <a
-href="#configurationfile">configuration file</a> that is placed inside
-the web tree and applies configuration <a
-href="#directive">directives</a> to the directory where it is placed
-and all sub-directories. Despite its name, this file can hold almost
-any type of directive, not just access-control directives.<br />
-See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="httpd.conf">httpd.conf</a></dt>
-<dd>The main Apache <a href="#configurationfile">configuration file</a>.
-The default location is <code>/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf</code>,
-but it may be moved using run-time or compile-time configuration.<br />
-See: <a href="configuring.html">Configuration Files</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="hypertexttransferprotocol">HyperText Transfer
-Protocol</a> <a name="http">(HTTP)</a></dt> <dd>The standard
-transmission protocol used on the World Wide Web. Apache implements
-version 1.1 of the protocol, refered to as HTTP/1.1 and defined by <a
-href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">RFC 2616</a>.<br /><br
-/></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="https">HTTPS</a></dt>
-<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
- communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
- over <a name="ssl">SSL</a>.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="method">Method</a></dt> <dd>In the context of <a
-href="#http">HTTP</a>, an action to perform on a resource, specified
-on the request line by the client. Some of the methods available in
-HTTP are <code>GET</code>, <code>POST</code>, and <code>PUT</code>.<br
-/><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="messagedigest">Message Digest</a></dt>
-<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
- the message have not been altered in transit.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="mime-type">MIME-type</a></dt> <dd>A way to describe the
-kind of document being transmitted. Its name comes from that fact
-that its format is borrowed from the Multipurpose Internet Mail
-Extensions. It consists of a major type and a minor type, separated
-by a slash. Some examples are <code>text/html</code>,
-<code>image/gif</code>, and <code>application/octet-stream</code>. In
-HTTP, the MIME-type is transmitted in the <code>Content-Type</code> <a
-href="#header">header</a>.<br /> See: <a
-href="mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="module">Module</a></dt> <dd>An independent part of a
-program. Much of Apache's functionality is contained in modules that
-you can choose to include or exclude. Modules that are compiled into
-the the Apache httpd binary are called <em>static modules</em>, while
-modules that are stored seperately and can be optionally loaded at
-run-time are called <em>dynamic modules</em> or <a
-href="#dso">DSOs</a>. Modules that are included by default are called
-<em>base modules</em>. Many modules are available for Apache that are
-not distributed as part of the Apache HTTP Server <a
-href="#tarball">tarball</a>. These are referred to as <em>third-party
-modules</em>.<br />
-See: <a href="mod/">Module Index</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="openssl">OpenSSL</a></dt>
-<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS<br />
- see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="passphrase">Pass Phrase</a></dt> <dd>The word or phrase
-that protects private key files. It prevents unauthorized users from
-encrypting them. Usually it's just the secret encryption/decryption
-key used for <a name="cipher">Ciphers</a>.<br /> See: <a
-href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="plaintext">Plaintext</a></dt>
-<dd>The unencrypted text.<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="privatekey">Private Key</a></dt> <dd>The secret key in a
-<a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a> system,
-used to decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="proxy">Proxy</a></dt> <dd>An intermediate server that
-sits between the client and the <em>origin server</em>. It accepts
-requests from clients, transmits those requests on to the origin
-server, and then returns the response from the origin server to the
-client. If several clients request the same content, the proxy
-can deliver that content from its cache, rather than requesting it
-from the origin server each time, thereby reducing response time.<br />
-See: <a href="mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="publickey">Public Key</a></dt> <dd>The publically
-available key in a <a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key
-Cryptography</a> system, used to encrypt messages bound for its owner
-and to decrypt signatures made by its owner.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="publickeycryptography">Public Key Cryptography</a></dt>
-<dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which
-use one key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding
-pair of such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric
-Crypography.<br /> See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="regularexpresion">Regular Expression</a> <a
-name="regex">(Regex)</a></dt> <dd>A way of
-describing a pattern in text - for example, "all the words that begin with the
-letter A" or "every 10-digit phone number" or even "Every sentence
-with two commas in it, and no capital letter Q". Regular expressions
-are useful in Apache because they let you apply certain
-attributes against collections of files or resources in very flexible
-ways - for example, all .gif and .jpg files under any "images"
-directory could be written as "<code>/images/.*(jpg|gif)$</code>".
-Apache uses Perl Compatible Regular Expressions provided by the
-<a href="http://www.pcre.org/">PCRE</a> library.<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="reverseproxy">Reverse Proxy</a></dt> <dd>A <a
-href="#proxy">proxy</a> server that appears to the client as if it is
-an <em>origin server</em>. This is useful to hide the real origin
-server from the client for security reasons, or to load balance.<br
-/><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="securesocketslayer">Secure Sockets Layer</a> <a
-name="ssl">(SSL)</a></dt> <dd>A protocol created by Netscape
-Communications Corporation for general communication authentication
-and encryption over TCP/IP networks. The most popular usage is
-<em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) over SSL.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="serversideincludes">Server Side Includes</a> <a
-name="ssi">(SSI)</a></dt> <dd>A technique for embedding processing
-directives inside HTML files.<br /> See: <a
-href="howto/ssi.html">Introduction to Server Side Includes</a><br
-/><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="ssleay">SSLeay</a></dt>
-<dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by
- Eric A. Young<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="symmetriccryptophraphy">Symmetric Cryptography</a></dt>
-<dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
- for both encryption and decryption operations.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="tarball">Tarball</a></dt>
-<dd>A package of files gathered together using the <code>tar</code>
-utility. Apache distributions are stored in compressed tar archives
-or using pkzip.<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="transportlayersecurity">Transport Layer Security</a> <a
-name="tls">(TLS)</a></dt> <dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created
-by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) for general
-communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks. TLS
-version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.<br />
-See: <a href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="uniformresourcelocator">Uniform Resource Locator</a> <a
-name="url">(URL)</a></dt> <dd>The name/address of a resource on the
-Internet. This is the common informal term for what is formally
-called a <a href="#uniformresourcename">Uniform Resource
-Identifier</a>. URLs are usually made up of a scheme, like
-<code>http</code> or <code>https</code>, a hostname, and a path. A
-URL for this page is
-<code>http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/glossary.html</code>.<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="uniformresourceidentifier">Uniform Resource Identifier</a> <a
-name="URI">(URI)</a></dt> <dd>A compact string of characters for
-identifying an abstract or physical resource. It is formally defined
-by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt">RFC 2396</a>.
-URIs used on the world-wide web are commonly referred to
-as <a href="#url">URLs</a>.<br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="virtualhosting">Virtual Hosting</a></dt> <dd>Serving
-multiple websites using a single instance of Apache. <em>IP virtual
-hosting</em> differentiates between websites based on their IP
-address, while <em>name-based virtual hosting</em> uses only the name
-of the host and can therefore host many sites on the same IP
-address.<br /> See: <a href="vhosts/">Apache Virtual Host
-documentation</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-<dt><a name="x.509">X.509</a></dt> <dd>An authentication certificate
-scheme recommended by the International Telecommunication Union
-(ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.<br /> See: <a
-href="ssl/">SSL/TLS Encryption</a><br /><br /></dd>
-
-</dl>
-
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