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- --><title>Binding - Apache HTTP Server</title><link href="./style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" /><link href="./style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" /><link href="./style/css/manual-print.css" rel="stylesheet" media="print" type="text/css" /><link href="./images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /></head><body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header"><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p><p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p><img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div><div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div><div id="path"><a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
- <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
- </div><div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
+ -->
+<title>Binding to Addresses and Ports - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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+</script>
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+<p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
+<img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.5</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding to Addresses and Ports</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./de/bind.html" hreflang="de" rel="alternate" title="Deutsch"> de </a> |
+<a href="./en/bind.html" title="English"> en </a> |
+<a href="./fr/bind.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
+<a href="./ja/bind.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
+<a href="./ko/bind.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
+<a href="./tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
+</div>
+
+ <p>Configuring Apache HTTP Server to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
+ </div>
+<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
+</ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
-
- <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">
VirtualHost</a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
-
-
- <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
+
+ <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost">
<VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
+
+
+ <p>When httpd starts, it binds to some port and address on
the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
- it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
- be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
- addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
- Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
- different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
+ it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it may need to
+ be told to listen on specific ports, or only on selected
+ addresses, or a combination of both. This is often combined with the
+ <a href="vhosts">Virtual Host</a> feature, which determines how
+ <code>httpd</code> responds to different IP addresses, hostnames and
+ ports.</p>
<p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
directive tells the server to accept
- incoming requests only on the specified port or
+ incoming requests only on the specified port(s) or
address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
- directive, the server
- listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
- is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
- port and interface. Multiple Listen directives may be used to
+ directive, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces.
+ If an IP address is given as well as a port, the server will listen
+ on the given port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
server will respond to requests from any of the listed
addresses and ports.</p>
<p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
- port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
+ port 80 and port 8000, on all interfaces, use:</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen 80<br />
- Listen 8000
- </code></p></div>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+Listen 80
+Listen 8000
+ </pre>
- <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
- interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
- Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
- </code></p></div>
-
- <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
- following example:</p>
+ <p>To make the server accept connections on port 80 for one interface,
+ and port 8000 on another, use</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen [fe80::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
- </code></p></div>
- </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
-
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+Listen 192.0.2.1:80
+Listen 192.0.2.5:8000
+ </pre>
- <p>When APR supports IPv6, Apache will create IPv6-capable listening
- sockets by default (i.e., when no IP address is specified on the
- Listen directive). In other words, when APR supports IPv6,</p>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen 80
- </code></p></div>
-
- <p>is equivalent to</p>
-
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen [::]:80
- </code></p></div>
+ <p>IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in square brackets, as in the
+ following example:</p>
- <p>When APR does not support IPv6,</p>
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+ Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
+ </pre>
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen 80
- </code></p></div>
- <p>is equivalent to</p>
+ <div class="warning"><p>Overlapping <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives will result in a
+ fatal error which will prevent the server from starting up.</p>
<div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen 0.0.0.0:80
+ (48)Address already in use: make_sock: could not bind to address [::]:80
</code></p></div>
+ </div>
- <p>On some platforms, such as NetBSD, binding to the IPv6 wildcard address
- ("::") does not allow Apache to accept connections on IPv4 interfaces.
- In this situation, multiple Listen directives are required, as shown
- below:</p>
-
- <div class="example"><p><code>
- Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
- Listen [::]:0
- </code></p></div>
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
+
- <p>Apache does not currently detect this, so the Listen statements must
- be edited manually by the administrator.</p>
- </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
+ <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and
+ <a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> supports IPv6 on most of these platforms,
+ allowing httpd to allocate IPv6 sockets, and to handle requests sent
+ over IPv6.</p>
+
+ <p>One complicating factor for httpd administrators is whether or
+ not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
+ connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
+ IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
+ platforms, but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
+ OpenBSD, in order to match the system-wide policy on those
+ platforms. On systems where it is disallowed by default, a
+ special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
+ for httpd.</p>
+
+ <p>On the other hand, on some platforms, such as Linux and Tru64, the
+ <strong>only</strong> way to handle both IPv6 and IPv4 is to use
+ mapped addresses. If you want <code>httpd</code> to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections
+ with a minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6
+ addresses, specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option.</p>
+
+ <p><code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms except
+ FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your httpd was
+ built.</p>
+
+ <p>If you want httpd to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
+ what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
+ following examples:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+Listen 0.0.0.0:80
+Listen 192.0.2.1:80
+ </pre>
+
+
+ <p>If your platform supports it and you want httpd to handle IPv4 and
+ IPv6 connections on separate sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped
+ addresses), specify the <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option. <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the
+ default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD.</p>
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="protocol" id="protocol">Specifying the protocol with Listen</a></h2>
+
+ <p>The optional second <var>protocol</var> argument of
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
+ is not required for most
+ configurations. If not specified, <code>https</code> is the default for
+ port 443 and <code>http</code> the default for all other ports. The
+ protocol is used to determine which module should handle a request, and
+ to apply protocol specific optimizations with the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#acceptfilter">AcceptFilter</a></code> directive.</p>
+
+ <p>You only need to set the protocol if you are running on non-standard
+ ports. For example, running an <code>https</code> site on port 8443:</p>
+
+ <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
+ Listen 192.170.2.1:8443 https
+ </pre>
+
+ </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
- <p>Listen does not implement Virtual Hosts. It only tells the
- main server what addresses and ports to listen to. If no
+ <p> The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directive does not implement
+ Virtual Hosts - it only tells the
+ main server what addresses and ports to listen on. If no
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
directives are used, the server will behave
- the same for all accepted requests. However,
+ in the same way for all accepted requests. However,
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
can be used to specify a different behavior
- for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
+ for one or more of the addresses or ports. To implement a
VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
address and port to be used. Then a
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
- should be created for a specified address and port to set the
+ should be created for the specified address and port to set the
behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
<code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
is set for an address and port that the
server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
- </div></div><div id="footer"><p class="apache">Maintained by the <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs-project/">Apache HTTP Server Documentation Project</a></p><p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div></body></html>
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+<a href="./tr/bind.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="./images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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