/*
- * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c,v 1.76 2008/03/10 01:23:04 tgl Exp $
+ * pgbench.c
*
- * pgbench: a simple benchmark program for PostgreSQL
- * written by Tatsuo Ishii
+ * A simple benchmark program for PostgreSQL
+ * Originally written by Tatsuo Ishii and enhanced by many contributors.
*
- * Copyright (c) 2000-2007 Tatsuo Ishii
+ * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c,v 1.79 2008/03/19 03:33:21 ishii Exp $
+ * Copyright (c) 2000-2008, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * ALL RIGHTS RESERVED;
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+ * documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
+ * is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
+ * paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
+ * LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
+ * DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+ * AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
+ * ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO
+ * PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
*
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
- * its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
- * granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
- * copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
- * notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of the
- * author not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
- * distribution of the software without specific, written prior
- * permission. The author makes no representations about the
- * suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as
- * is" without express or implied warranty.
*/
#include "postgres_fe.h"
char *value; /* its value */
} Variable;
+#define MAX_FILES 128 /* max number of SQL script files allowed */
+
/*
* structures used in custom query mode
*/
int nvariables;
struct timeval txn_begin; /* used for measuring latencies */
int use_file; /* index in sql_files for this client */
+ bool prepared[MAX_FILES];
} CState;
/*
#define META_COMMAND 2
#define MAX_ARGS 10
+typedef enum QueryMode
+{
+ QUERY_SIMPLE, /* simple query */
+ QUERY_EXTENDED, /* extended query */
+ QUERY_PREPARED, /* extended query with prepared statements */
+ NUM_QUERYMODE
+} QueryMode;
+
+static QueryMode querymode = QUERY_SIMPLE;
+static const char *QUERYMODE[] = { "simple", "extended", "prepared" };
+
typedef struct
{
int type; /* command type (SQL_COMMAND or META_COMMAND) */
char *argv[MAX_ARGS]; /* command list */
} Command;
-#define MAX_FILES 128 /* max number of SQL script files allowed */
-
Command **sql_files[MAX_FILES]; /* SQL script files */
int num_files; /* its number */
"SELECT abalance FROM accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
};
+/* Connection overhead time */
+static struct timeval conn_total_time = {0, 0};
+
+/* Calculate total time */
+static void
+addTime(struct timeval *t1, struct timeval *t2, struct timeval *result)
+{
+ int sec = t1->tv_sec + t2->tv_sec;
+ int usec = t1->tv_usec + t2->tv_usec;
+ if (usec >= 1000000)
+ {
+ usec -= 1000000;
+ sec++;
+ }
+ result->tv_sec = sec;
+ result->tv_usec = usec;
+}
+
+/* Calculate time difference */
+static void
+diffTime(struct timeval *t1, struct timeval *t2, struct timeval *result)
+{
+ int sec = t1->tv_sec - t2->tv_sec;
+ int usec = t1->tv_usec - t2->tv_usec;
+ if (usec < 0)
+ {
+ usec += 1000000;
+ sec--;
+ }
+ result->tv_sec = sec;
+ result->tv_usec = usec;
+}
+
static void
usage(void)
{
- fprintf(stderr, "usage: pgbench [-h hostname][-p port][-c nclients][-t ntransactions][-s scaling_factor][-D varname=value][-n][-C][-v][-S][-N][-f filename][-l][-U login][-d][dbname]\n");
+ fprintf(stderr, "usage: pgbench [-h hostname][-p port][-c nclients][-t ntransactions][-s scaling_factor][-D varname=value][-n][-C][-v][-S][-N][-M querymode][-f filename][-l][-U login][-d][dbname]\n");
fprintf(stderr, "(initialize mode): pgbench -i [-h hostname][-p port][-s scaling_factor] [-F fillfactor] [-U login][-d][dbname]\n");
}
return true;
}
+static char *
+parseVariable(const char *sql, int *eaten)
+{
+ int i = 0;
+ char *name;
+
+ do
+ {
+ i++;
+ } while (isalnum((unsigned char) sql[i]) || sql[i] == '_');
+ if (i == 1)
+ return NULL;
+
+ name = malloc(i);
+ if (name == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+ memcpy(name, &sql[1], i - 1);
+ name[i - 1] = '\0';
+
+ *eaten = i;
+ return name;
+}
+
+static char *
+replaceVariable(char **sql, char *param, int len, char *value)
+{
+ int valueln = strlen(value);
+
+ if (valueln > len)
+ {
+ char *tmp;
+ size_t offset = param - *sql;
+
+ tmp = realloc(*sql, strlen(*sql) - len + valueln + 1);
+ if (tmp == NULL)
+ {
+ free(*sql);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ *sql = tmp;
+ param = *sql + offset;
+ }
+
+ if (valueln != len)
+ memmove(param + valueln, param + len, strlen(param + len) + 1);
+ strncpy(param, value, valueln);
+
+ return param + valueln;
+}
+
static char *
assignVariables(CState * st, char *sql)
{
- int i,
- j;
char *p,
*name,
*val;
- void *tmp;
- i = 0;
- while ((p = strchr(&sql[i], ':')) != NULL)
+ p = sql;
+ while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
{
- i = j = p - sql;
- do
+ int eaten;
+
+ name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
+ if (name == NULL)
{
- i++;
- } while (isalnum((unsigned char) sql[i]) || sql[i] == '_');
- if (i == j + 1)
+ while (*p == ':') { p++; }
continue;
+ }
- name = malloc(i - j);
- if (name == NULL)
- return NULL;
- memcpy(name, &sql[j + 1], i - (j + 1));
- name[i - (j + 1)] = '\0';
val = getVariable(st, name);
free(name);
if (val == NULL)
- continue;
-
- if (strlen(val) > i - j)
{
- tmp = realloc(sql, strlen(sql) - (i - j) + strlen(val) + 1);
- if (tmp == NULL)
- {
- free(sql);
- return NULL;
- }
- sql = tmp;
+ p++;
+ continue;
}
- if (strlen(val) != i - j)
- memmove(&sql[j + strlen(val)], &sql[i], strlen(&sql[i]) + 1);
+ if ((p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, val)) == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+ }
- strncpy(&sql[j], val, strlen(val));
+ return sql;
+}
- if (strlen(val) < i - j)
- {
- tmp = realloc(sql, strlen(sql) + 1);
- if (tmp == NULL)
- {
- free(sql);
- return NULL;
- }
- sql = tmp;
- }
+static void
+getQueryParams(CState *st, const Command *command, const char **params)
+{
+ int i;
- i = j + strlen(val);
- }
+ for (i = 0; i < command->argc - 1; i++)
+ params[i] = getVariable(st, command->argv[i+1]);
+}
- return sql;
+#define MAX_PREPARE_NAME 32
+static void
+preparedStatementName(char *buffer, int file, int state)
+{
+ sprintf(buffer, "P%d_%d", file, state);
}
static void
if (st->con == NULL)
{
+ struct timeval t1, t2, t3;
+
+ gettimeofday(&t1, NULL);
if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in establishing connection.\n",
st->con = NULL;
return;
}
+ gettimeofday(&t2, NULL);
+ diffTime(&t2, &t1, &t3);
+ addTime(&conn_total_time, &t3, &conn_total_time);
}
if (use_log && st->state == 0)
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
- char *sql;
+ const Command *command = commands[st->state];
+ int r;
- if ((sql = strdup(commands[st->state]->argv[0])) == NULL
- || (sql = assignVariables(st, sql)) == NULL)
+ if (querymode == QUERY_SIMPLE)
{
- fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
- st->ecnt++;
- return;
+ char *sql;
+
+ if ((sql = strdup(command->argv[0])) == NULL
+ || (sql = assignVariables(st, sql)) == NULL)
+ {
+ fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
+ st->ecnt++;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (debug)
+ fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", n, sql);
+ r = PQsendQuery(st->con, sql);
+ free(sql);
}
+ else if (querymode == QUERY_EXTENDED)
+ {
+ const char *sql = command->argv[0];
+ const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
- if (debug)
- fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", n, sql);
- if (PQsendQuery(st->con, sql) == 0)
+ getQueryParams(st, command, params);
+
+ if (debug)
+ fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", n, sql);
+ r = PQsendQueryParams(st->con, sql, command->argc - 1,
+ NULL, params, NULL, NULL, 0);
+ }
+ else if (querymode == QUERY_PREPARED)
+ {
+ char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
+ const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
+
+ if (!st->prepared[st->use_file])
+ {
+ int j;
+
+ for (j = 0; commands[j] != NULL; j++)
+ {
+ PGresult *res;
+ char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
+
+ if (commands[j]->type != SQL_COMMAND)
+ continue;
+ preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, j);
+ res = PQprepare(st->con, name,
+ commands[j]->argv[0], commands[j]->argc - 1, NULL);
+ if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
+ PQclear(res);
+ }
+ st->prepared[st->use_file] = true;
+ }
+
+ getQueryParams(st, command, params);
+ preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, st->state);
+
+ if (debug)
+ fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", n, name);
+ r = PQsendQueryPrepared(st->con, name, command->argc - 1,
+ params, NULL, NULL, 0);
+ }
+ else /* unknown sql mode */
+ r = 0;
+
+ if (r == 0)
{
if (debug)
- fprintf(stderr, "PQsendQuery(%s)failed\n", sql);
+ fprintf(stderr, "client %d cannot send %s\n", n, command->argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
}
else
- {
st->listen = 1; /* flags that should be listened */
- }
- free(sql);
}
else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
{
PGconn *con;
PGresult *res;
+ /*
+ * Note: TPC-B requires at least 100 bytes per row, and the "filler"
+ * fields in these table declarations were intended to comply with that.
+ * But because they default to NULLs, they don't actually take any
+ * space. We could fix that by giving them non-null default values.
+ * However, that would completely break comparability of pgbench
+ * results with prior versions. Since pgbench has never pretended
+ * to be fully TPC-B compliant anyway, we stick with the historical
+ * behavior.
+ */
static char *DDLs[] = {
"drop table if exists branches",
"create table branches(bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)) with (fillfactor=%d)",
PQfinish(con);
}
+/*
+ * Parse the raw sql and replace :param to $n.
+ */
+static bool
+parseQuery(Command *cmd, const char *raw_sql)
+{
+ char *sql,
+ *p;
+
+ sql = strdup(raw_sql);
+ if (sql == NULL)
+ return false;
+ cmd->argc = 1;
+
+ p = sql;
+ while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
+ {
+ char var[12];
+ char *name;
+ int eaten;
+
+ name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
+ if (name == NULL)
+ {
+ while (*p == ':') { p++; }
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ if (cmd->argc >= MAX_ARGS)
+ {
+ fprintf(stderr, "statement has too many arguments (maximum is %d): %s\n", MAX_ARGS - 1, raw_sql);
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ sprintf(var, "$%d", cmd->argc);
+ if ((p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, var)) == NULL)
+ return false;
+
+ cmd->argv[cmd->argc] = name;
+ cmd->argc++;
+ }
+
+ cmd->argv[0] = sql;
+ return true;
+}
+
static Command *
process_commands(char *buf)
{
{
my_commands->type = SQL_COMMAND;
- if ((my_commands->argv[0] = strdup(p)) == NULL)
- return NULL;
-
- my_commands->argc++;
+ switch (querymode)
+ {
+ case QUERY_SIMPLE:
+ if ((my_commands->argv[0] = strdup(p)) == NULL)
+ return NULL;
+ my_commands->argc++;
+ break;
+ case QUERY_EXTENDED:
+ case QUERY_PREPARED:
+ if (!parseQuery(my_commands, p))
+ return NULL;
+ break;
+ default:
+ return NULL;
+ }
}
return my_commands;
static void
printResults(
int ttype, CState * state,
- struct timeval * tv1, struct timeval * tv2,
- struct timeval * tv3)
+ struct timeval * start_time, struct timeval * end_time)
{
double t1,
t2;
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
normal_xacts += state[i].cnt;
- t1 = (tv3->tv_sec - tv1->tv_sec) * 1000000.0 + (tv3->tv_usec - tv1->tv_usec);
+ t1 = (end_time->tv_sec - start_time->tv_sec) * 1000000.0 + (end_time->tv_usec - start_time->tv_usec);
t1 = normal_xacts * 1000000.0 / t1;
- t2 = (tv3->tv_sec - tv2->tv_sec) * 1000000.0 + (tv3->tv_usec - tv2->tv_usec);
+ t2 = (end_time->tv_sec - start_time->tv_sec - conn_total_time.tv_sec) * 1000000.0 +
+ (end_time->tv_usec - start_time->tv_usec - conn_total_time.tv_usec);
t2 = normal_xacts * 1000000.0 / t2;
if (ttype == 0)
printf("transaction type: %s\n", s);
printf("scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
+ printf("query mode: %s\n", QUERYMODE[querymode]);
printf("number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
printf("number of transactions per client: %d\n", nxacts);
printf("number of transactions actually processed: %d/%d\n", normal_xacts, nxacts * nclients);
CState *state; /* status of clients */
- struct timeval tv1; /* start up time */
- struct timeval tv2; /* after establishing all connections to the
- * backend */
- struct timeval tv3; /* end time */
+ struct timeval start_time; /* start up time */
+ struct timeval end_time; /* end time */
int i;
memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
- while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dc:t:s:U:CNSlf:D:F:")) != -1)
+ while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dc:t:s:U:CNSlf:D:F:M:")) != -1)
{
switch (c)
{
exit(1);
}
break;
+ case 'M':
+ if (num_files > 0)
+ {
+ fprintf(stderr, "querymode(-M) should be specifiled before transaction scripts(-f)\n");
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ for (querymode = 0; querymode < NUM_QUERYMODE; querymode++)
+ if (strcmp(optarg, QUERYMODE[querymode]) == 0)
+ break;
+ if (querymode >= NUM_QUERYMODE)
+ {
+ fprintf(stderr, "invalid querymode(-M): %s\n", optarg);
+ exit(1);
+ }
+ break;
default:
usage();
exit(1);
PQfinish(con);
/* set random seed */
- gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
- srandom((unsigned int) tv1.tv_usec);
+ gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL);
+ srandom((unsigned int) start_time.tv_usec);
/* get start up time */
- gettimeofday(&tv1, NULL);
+ gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL);
if (is_connect == 0)
{
+ struct timeval t, now;
+
/* make connections to the database */
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
if ((state[i].con = doConnect()) == NULL)
exit(1);
}
+ /* time after connections set up */
+ gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
+ diffTime(&now, &start_time, &t);
+ addTime(&conn_total_time, &t, &conn_total_time);
}
- /* time after connections set up */
- gettimeofday(&tv2, NULL);
-
/* process bultin SQL scripts */
switch (ttype)
{
{ /* all done ? */
disconnect_all(state);
/* get end time */
- gettimeofday(&tv3, NULL);
- printResults(ttype, state, &tv1, &tv2, &tv3);
+ gettimeofday(&end_time, NULL);
+ printResults(ttype, state, &start_time, &end_time);
if (LOGFILE)
fclose(LOGFILE);
exit(0);
if (state[i].ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[state[i].state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
- fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution meta-command failed.\n", i, state[i].state);
+ fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution of meta-command failed.\n", i, state[i].state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(state[i].con);
state[i].con = NULL;
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