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159 <p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#intro">Introduction to Vector Graphics</a> • <a href="#overview">MVG Overview</a> • <a href="#primitives">Drawing Primitives</a>]</p>
161 <h2><a name="intro"></a>Introduction to Vector Graphics</h2>
162 <div class="doc-section">
164 <p>This specification defines the features and syntax for Magick Vector Graphics (MVG), a modularized language for describing two-dimensional vector and mixed vector/raster graphics in ImageMagick. You can use the language to draw from the
165 command line, from an MVG file, from an <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/" >SVG -- Scalable Vector Graphics</a> file or from one of the ImageMagick <a href="../www/api.html">program interfaces</a>. Use this command, for example, to render an arc:</p>
167 <p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 100x60 xc:skyblue -fill white -stroke black \ <br/>
168 -draw "path 'M 30,40 A 30,20 20 0,0 70,20 A 30,20 20 1,0 30,40 Z '" \ <br/>
170 <p>and here is the result:</p>
173 <a href="../images/arc.png"><img src="../images/arc.png" width="100" height="60" alt="arc" /></a>
176 <p>When the drawing gets sufficiently complex, we recommend you assemble the graphic primitives into a MVG file. For our example, we use <a href="../www/source/piechart.mvg">piechart.mvg</a>:</p>
178 <div class="viewport">
182 affine 0.283636 0 0 0.283846 -0 -0
188 rectangle 1,1 2199,1299
194 text 600,1100 'Average: 20.0'
200 path 'M700.0,600.0 L340.0,600.0 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 408.1452123287954,389.2376150414973 z'
206 text 1400,140 'MagickWand for PHP'
212 text 1800,140 '(10.0%)'
218 rectangle 1330,100 1370,140
224 path 'M700.0,600.0 L408.1452123287954,389.2376150414973 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 976.5894480359858,369.56936567559273 z'
230 text 1400,220 'MagickCore'
236 text 1800,220 '(29.0%)'
242 rectangle 1330,180 1370,220
248 path 'M700.0,600.0 L976.5894480359858,369.56936567559273 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 964.2680466142854,844.4634932636567 z'
254 text 1400,300 'MagickWand'
260 text 1800,300 '(22.9%)'
266 rectangle 1330,260 1370,300
272 path 'M700.0,600.0 L964.2680466142854,844.4634932636567 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 757.853099990584,955.3210081341651 z'
278 text 1400,380 'JMagick'
284 text 1800,380 '(10.6%)'
290 rectangle 1330,340 1370,380
296 path 'M700.0,600.0 L757.853099990584,955.3210081341651 A360.0,360.0 0 0,1 340.0,600.0 z'
302 text 1400,460 'Magick++'
308 text 1800,460 '(27.5%)'
314 rectangle 1330,420 1370,460
320 text 100,150 'ImageMagick'
326 circle 700,600 700,960
333 <p>to render a pie chart with this command:</p>
335 <p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert piechart.mvg piechart.png</span></p>
336 <p>which produces this rendering:</p>
339 <a href="../images/piechart.png"><img src="../images/piechart.png" width="624" height="369" alt="piechart" /></a>
342 <p>However, in general, MVG is sufficiently difficult to work with that you probably want to use a program to generate your graphics in the SVG format. ImageMagick automagically converts SVG to MVG and renders your image, for example, we render <a href="../www/source/piechart.svg">piechart.svg</a> with this command:</p>
344 <p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert piechart.svg piechart.jpg</span></p>
346 <p>to produce the same pie chart we created with the MVG language.</p>
348 <p>Drawing is available from many of the ImageMagick <a href="../www/api.html">program interfaces</a> as well. ImageMagick converts the drawing API calls to MVG and renders it. Here is example code written in the <a href="../www/magick-wand.html">MagickWand</a> language: </p>
350 <div class="viewport">
352 (void) PushDrawingWand(draw_wand);
354 const PointInfo points[6] =
364 DrawSetStrokeAntialias(draw_wand,True);
365 DrawSetStrokeWidth(draw_wand,9);
366 DrawSetStrokeLineCap(draw_wand,RoundCap);
367 DrawSetStrokeLineJoin(draw_wand,RoundJoin);
368 (void) DrawSetStrokeDashArray(draw_wand,0,(const double *)NULL);
369 (void) PixelSetColor(color,"#4000c2");
370 DrawSetStrokeColor(draw_wand,color);
371 DrawSetFillRule(draw_wand,EvenOddRule);
372 (void) PixelSetColor(color,"#800000");
373 DrawSetFillColor(draw_wand,color);
374 DrawPolygon(draw_wand,6,points);
376 (void) PopDrawingWand(draw_wand);
382 <h2><a name="overview"></a>MVG Overview</h2>
383 <div class="doc-section">
385 <p>MVG ignores all white-space between commands. This allows multiple MVG commands per line. It is common convention to terminate each MVG command with a new line to make MVG easier to edit and read. This syntax description uses indentation in MVG sequences to aid with understanding. Indentation is supported but is not required.</p>
387 <p>Metafile wrapper syntax (to support stand-alone MVG files):</p>
391 viewbox 0 0 width height
392 [ any other MVG commands ]
396 <p>Pattern syntax (saving and restoring context):</p>
399 push pattern id x,y width,height
406 <p>an example is (%s is a identifier string):</p>
410 push pattern %s 10,10 20,20
417 rectangle 10,10 20,20
423 <p>For image tiling use:</p>
426 push pattern id x,y width,height
431 <p>Note you can use the pattern for either the fill or stroke like:</p>
443 <p>The clip path defines a clipping area, where only the contained area to be drawn upon. Areas outside of the clipping areare masked.</p>
449 rectangle 10,10 20,20
458 <h2><a name="primitives"></a>Drawing Primitives</h2>
459 <div class="doc-section">
461 <p>Here is a complete description of the MVG drawing primitives:</p>
465 <dt class="doc"><a name="affine" id="affine"></a>affine <em class="option">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="option">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="option">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="option">s<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="option">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="option">t<sub>y</sub></em></dt>
471 <dt class="doc"><a name="arc" id="arc"></a>arc <em class="option">x<sub>0</sub></em>,<em class="option">y<sub>0</sub></em> <em class="option">x<sub>1</sub></em>,<em class="option">y<sub>1</sub></em> <em class="option">a<sub>0</sub></em>,<em class="option">a<sub>1</sub></em></dt>
475 <dt class="doc"><a name="bezier" id="bezier"></a>bezier <em class="option">x<sub>0</sub></em>,<em class="option">y<sub>0</sub></em> ... <em class="option">x<sub>n</sub></em>,<em class="option">y<sub>n</sub></em></dt>
478 <p><kbd>Bezier</kbd> (spline) requires three or more x,y coordinates to define its shape. The first and last points are the knots (preserved coordinates) and any intermediate coordinates are the control points. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
479 draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>Path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated.</p>
482 <dt class="doc"><a name="border-color" id="border-color"></a>border-color <em class="option">color</em></dt>
486 <dt class="doc"><a name="circle" id="circle"></a>circle <em class="option">origin<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="option">origin<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="option">perimeter<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="option">perimeter<sub>y</sub></em></dt>
490 <dt class="doc"><a name="clip-path" id="clip-path"></a>clip-path url(<em class="option">name</em>)</dt>
494 <dt class="doc"><a name="clip-rule" id="clip-rule"></a>clip-rule <em class="option">rule</em></dt>
496 <dd>Choose from these rule types:
504 <dt class="doc"><a name="clip-units" id="clip-units"></a>clip-units <em class="option">units</em></dt>
506 <dd>Choose from these unit types:
511 objectBoundingBox <br/>
515 <dt class="doc"><a name="color" id="color"></a>color <em class="option">x</em>,<em class="option">y</em> <em class="option">method</em></dt>
527 <dd>Choose from these method types:
539 <dt class="doc"><a name="decorate" id="decorate"></a>decorate <em class="option">type</em></dt>
542 <dd>Choose from these types of decorations:
553 <dt class="doc"><a name="ellipse" id="ellipse"></a>ellipse <em class="option">center<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="option">center<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="option">radius<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="option">radius<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="option">arc<sub>start</sub></em>,<em class="option">arc<sub>stop</sub></em></dt>
555 <dt class="doc"><a name="fill" id="fill"></a>fill <em class="option">color</em></dt>
557 <dd>Choose from any of these <a href="../www/color.html">colors</a>.
560 <dt class="doc"><a name="fill-opacity" id="fill-opacity"></a>fill-opacity <em class="option">opacity</em></dt>
563 <dd>The opacity ranges from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque) or as a percentage (e.g. 50%).
566 <dt class="doc"><a name="fill-rule" id="fill-rule"></a>fill-rule <em class="option">rule</em></dt>
569 <dd>Choose from these rule types:
578 <dt class="doc"><a name="font" id="font"></a>font <em class="option">name</em></dt>
582 <dt class="doc"><a name="font-family" id="font-family"></a>font-family <em class="option">family</em></dt>
586 <dt class="doc"><a name="font-size" id="font-size"></a>font-size <em class="option">point-size</em></dt>
590 <dt class="doc"><a name="font-stretch" id="font-stretch"></a>font-stretch <em class="option">type</em></dt>
592 <dd>Choose from these stretch types:
609 <dt class="doc"><a name="font-style" id="font-style"></a>font-style <em class="option">style</em></dt>
612 <dd>Choose from these styles:
623 <dt class="doc"><a name="font-weight" id="font-weight"></a>font-weight <em class="option">weight</em></dt>
625 <dd>Choose from these weights:
644 <dt class="doc"><a name="gradient-units" id="gradient-units"></a>gradient-units <em class="option">units</em></dt>
646 <dd>Choose from these units:
656 <dt class="doc"><a name="gravity" id="gravity"></a>gravity <em class="option">type</em></dt>
658 <dd>Choose from these gravity types:
674 <dt class="doc"><a name="image" id="image"></a>image <em class="option">compose x,y width,height 'filename'</em></dt>
676 <dd>Choose from these compose operations:
678 <table id="table" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="width: 93%">
681 <th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
682 <th align="left">Description</th>
686 <td valign="top">clear</td>
687 <td valign="top">Both the color and the alpha of the destination are cleared. Neither the source nor the destination are used as input.</td>
691 <td valign="top">src</td>
692 <td valign="top">The source is copied to the destination. The destination is not used as input.</td>
696 <td valign="top">dst</td>
697 <td valign="top">The destination is left untouched.</td>
701 <td valign="top"><b>src-over</b></td>
702 <td valign="top">The source is composited over the destination.</td>
706 <td valign="top">dst-over</td>
707 <td valign="top">The destination is composited over the source and the result replaces the destination.</td>
711 <td valign="top">src-in</td>
712 <td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination replaces the destination.</td>
716 <td valign="top">dst-in</td>
717 <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source replaces the destination.</td>
721 <td valign="top">src-out</td>
722 <td valign="top">The part of the source lying outside of the destination replaces the destination.</td>
726 <td valign="top">dst-out</td>
727 <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying outside of the source replaces the destination.</td>
731 <td valign="top">src-atop</td>
732 <td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination is composited onto the destination.</td>
736 <td valign="top">dst-atop</td>
737 <td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source is composited over the source and replaces the destination.</td>
741 <td valign="top">multiply</td>
742 <td valign="top">The source is multiplied by the destination and replaces the destination. The resultant color is always at least as dark as either of the two constituent colors. Multiplying any color with black produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
746 <td valign="top">screen</td>
747 <td valign="top">The source and destination are complemented and then multiplied and then replace the destination. The resultant color is always at least as light as either of the two constituent colors. Screening any color with white produces white. Screening any color with black leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
751 <td valign="top">overlay</td>
752 <td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the destination color. Source colors overlay the destination whilst preserving its highlights and shadows. The destination color is not replaced, but is mixed with the source color to reflect the lightness or darkness of the destination.</td>
756 <td valign="top">darken</td>
757 <td valign="top">Selects the darker of the destination and source colors. The destination is replaced with the source when the source is darker, otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
761 <td valign="top">lighten</td>
762 <td valign="top">Selects the lighter of the destination and source colors. The destination is replaced with the source when the source is lighter, otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
766 <td valign="top">linear-light</td>
767 <td valign="top">Increase contrast slightly with an impact on the foreground's tonal values.</td>
771 <td valign="top">color-dodge</td>
772 <td valign="top">Brightens the destination color to reflect the source color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
776 <td valign="top">color-burn</td>
777 <td valign="top">Darkens the destination color to reflect the source color. Painting with white produces no change.</td>
781 <td valign="top">hard-light</td>
782 <td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the source color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination is lightened as if it were screened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were multiplied. The degree of lightening or darkening is proportional to the difference between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5 the destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces black or white.</td>
786 <td valign="top">soft-light</td>
787 <td valign="top">Darkens or lightens the colors, dependent on the source color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination is lightened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were burned in. The degree of darkening or lightening is proportional to the difference between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5, the destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area, but does not result in pure black or white.</td>
791 <td valign="top">plus</td>
792 <td valign="top">The source is added to the destination and replaces the destination. This operator is useful for animating a dissolve between two images.</td>
796 <td valign="top">add</td>
797 <td valign="top">As per 'plus' but transparency data is treated as matte
798 values. As such any transparent areas in either image remain
803 <td valign="top">minus</td>
804 <td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
805 destination image. When transparency is involved, Opaque areas will be
806 subtracted from any destination opaque areas. </td>
810 <td valign="top">subtract</td>
811 <td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
812 destination image. When transparency is involved transparent areas are
813 subtracted, so only the opaque areas in the source remain opaque in
814 the destination image. </td>
818 <td valign="top">difference</td>
819 <td valign="top">Subtracts the darker of the two constituent colors from the lighter. Painting with white inverts the destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
823 <td valign="top">exclusion</td>
824 <td valign="top">Produces an effect similar to that of 'difference', but appears as lower contrast. Painting with white inverts the destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
828 <td valign="top">xor</td>
829 <td valign="top">The part of the source that lies outside of the destination is combined with the part of the destination that lies outside of the source.</td>
833 <td valign="top">copy-*</td>
834 <td valign="top">Copy the specificed channel in the source image to the
835 same channel in the destination image. If the channel specified in
836 the source image does not exist, (which can only happen for methods,
837 '<kbd>copy-opacity</kbd>' or '<kbd>copy-black</kbd>') then it is
838 assumed that the source image is a special grayscale channel image
839 of the values to be copied. </td>
843 <td valign="top">change-mask</td>
844 <td valign="top">Replace any destination pixel that is the similar to the source images pixel (as defined by the current <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> factor), with transparency. </td>
851 <dt class="doc"><a name="interline-spacing" id="interline-spacing"></a>interline-spacing <em class="option">pixels</em></dt>
855 <dt class="doc"><a name="interword-spacing" id="interword-spacing"></a>interword-spacing <em class="option">pixels</em></dt>
859 <dt class="doc"><a name="kerning" id="kerning"></a>kerning <em class="option">pixels</em></dt>
863 <dt class="doc"><a name="line" id="line"></a>line <em class="option">x,y x<sub>1</sub>,y<sub>1</sub></em></dt>
867 <dt class="doc"><a name="matte" id="matte"></a>matte <em class="option">x,y method</em></dt>
869 <dd>Choose from these methods:
881 <dt class="doc"><a name="offset" id="offset"></a>offset <em class="option">offset</em></dt>
885 <dt class="doc"><a name="opacity" id="opacity"></a>opacity <em class="option">opacity</em></dt>
887 <dd>Use percent (e.g. 50%).</dd>
889 <dt class="doc"><a name="path" id="path"></a>path <em class="option">path</em></dt>
893 <dt class="doc"><a name="point" id="point"></a>point <em class="option">x,y</em></dt>
897 <dt class="doc"><a name="polygon" id="polygon"></a>polygon <em class="option">x,y x<sub>1</sub>,y<sub>1</sub>, ..., x<sub>n</sub>,y<sub>n</sub></em></dt>
901 <dt class="doc"><a name="polyline" id="polyline"></a>polyline <em class="option">x,y x<sub>1</sub>,y<sub>1</sub>, ..., x<sub>n</sub>,y<sub>n</sub></em></dt>
905 <dt class="doc"><a name="pop-clip-path" id="pop-clip-path"></a>pop clip-path</dt>
909 <dt class="doc"><a name="pop-defs" id="pop-defs"></a>pop defs</dt>
913 <dt class="doc"><a name="pop-gradient" id="pop-gradient"></a>pop gradient</dt>
917 <dt class="doc"><a name="pop-graphic-context" id="pop-graphic-context"></a>pop graphic-context</dt>
921 <dt class="doc"><a name="pop-pattern" id="pop-pattern"></a>pop pattern</dt>
925 <dt class="doc"><a name="push" id="push"></a>push clip-path <em class="option">name</em></dt>
929 <dt class="doc"><a name="push-defs" id="push-defs"></a>push defs</dt>
933 <dt class="doc"><a name="push-gradient-linear" id="push-gradient-linear"></a>push gradient <em class="option">id linear x,y x<sub>1</sub>,y<sub>1</sub></em></dt>
937 <dt class="doc"><a name="push-gradient-radial" id="push-gradient-radial"></a>push gradient <em class="option">id radial x<sub>c</sub>,c<sub>y</sub> x<sub>f</sub>,y<sub>f</sub> radius</em></dt>
941 <dt class="doc"><a name="push-graphic-context" id="push-graphic-context"></a>push graphic-context</dt>
945 <dt class="doc"><a name="push-pattern" id="push-pattern"></a>push pattern <em class="option">id radial x,y width,height</em></dt>
949 <dt class="doc"><a name="rectangle" id="rectangle"></a>rectangle <em class="option">x,y x<sub>1</sub>,y<sub>1</sub></em></dt>
953 <dt class="doc"><a name="rotate" id="rotate"></a>rotate <em class="option">angle</em></dt>
957 <dt class="doc"><a name="roundrectangle" id="roundrectangle"></a>roundrectangle <em class="option">x,y x<sub>1</sub>,y<sub>1</sub> width,height</em></dt>
961 <dt class="doc"><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>scale <em class="option">x,y</em></dt>
965 <dt class="doc"><a name="skewX" id="skewX"></a>skewX <em class="option">angle</em></dt>
969 <dt class="doc"><a name="skewY" id="skewY"></a>skewX <em class="option">angle</em></dt>
973 <dt class="doc"><a name="stop-color" id="stop-color"></a>stop-color <em class="option">color offset</em></dt>
977 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke" id="stroke"></a>stroke <em class="option">color</em></dt>
981 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-antialias" id="stroke-antialias"></a>stroke-antialias <em class="option">0 • 1</em></dt>
985 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-dasharray" id="stroke-dasharray"></a>stroke-dasharray <em class="option">none • numeric-list</em></dt>
989 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-dashoffset" id="stroke-dashoffset"></a>stroke-dashoffset <em class="option">offset</em></dt>
993 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-linecap" id="stroke-linecap"></a>stroke-linecap <em class="option">type</em></dt>
996 <dd>Choose from these cap types:
1006 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-linejoin" id="stroke-linejoin"></a>stroke-linejoin <em class="option">type</em></dt>
1008 <dd>Choose from these join types:
1018 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-miterlimit" id="stroke-miterlimit"></a>stroke-miterlimit <em class="option">limit</em></dt>
1022 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-opacity" id="stroke-opacity"></a>stroke-opacity <em class="option">opacity</em></dt>
1024 <dd>The opacity ranges from 0.0 (fully transparent) to 1.0 (fully opaque) or as a percentage (e.g. 50%).
1027 <dt class="doc"><a name="stroke-width" id="stroke-width"></a>stroke-width <em class="option">width</em></dt>
1031 <dt class="doc"><a name="text" id="text"></a>text <em class="option">"text"</em></dt>
1035 <dt class="doc"><a name="text-antialias" id="text-antialias"></a>text-antialias <em class="option">0 • 1</em></dt>
1039 <dt class="doc"><a name="text-undercolor" id="text-undercolor"></a>text-undercolor <em class="option">color</em></dt>
1043 <dt class="doc"><a name="translate" id="translate"></a>translate <em class="option">x,y</em></dt>
1047 <dt class="doc"><a name="viewbox" id="viewbox"></a>viewbox <em class="option">x,y x<sub>1</sub>,y<sub>1</sub></em></dt>
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