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59 <p class="lead magick-description">There are copious amounts of extra data associated with images (metadata), beyond the actual image pixels. This metadata can be useful, either for display, or for various calculations, or in modifying the behavior of later image processing operations. You can utilize percent escapes in a number of options, for example in <a href="command-line-options.html#format_identify_">-format</a> or in montage <a href="command-line-options.html#label" >-label</a>, to print various properties and other settings associated with an image.</p>
61 <div class="table-responsive">
62 <table class="table table-striped">
64 <td><b>Profile Data</b></td>
65 <td>Such as EXIF: data, containing focal lengths, exposures, dates, and in
66 come cases GPS locations.
69 <td><b>Attributes</b></td>
70 <td>These are directly involved with image data, and more commonly
71 modified as part of normal image processing. These include
72 width, height, depth, image type (colorspace), timing delays, and
73 background color. Most specific percent escapes is to access this
77 <td><b>Properties</b></td>
78 <td>These are stored as a table of free form strings, and are (if possible)
79 saved with the image (especially in MIFF and PNG image file formats).
80 These include: Labels, Captions, Comments.
83 <td><b>Artifacts</b></td>
84 <td>These are various operational (expert) settings that are saved for
85 use by various operators, or by the user for future use. It is just
86 a table of free-form strings. They are not saved with the image when
87 written. See Artifacts and Options below for details.
90 <td><b>Options</b></td>
91 <td>Also operational (expert) settings that are saved for
92 use by various operators, but are set globally for use by a whole
93 image list (also not saved). See Artifacts and Options below.
97 <h3 class="magick-header">Percent Escape Handling</h3>
99 <p>If you request a percent escape such as <code>%[key]</code> the setting
100 is looked for in the following order until the first match has been
104 <li>Handle special prefixes such as 'artifact:' 'option:' 'exif:', or
105 'fx:'. This includes and calculations and or globs of those prefixes such
106 as 'exif:*' or 'artifact:*' (see below).</li>
108 <li>If <code>key</code> contains a glob pattern (but no known prefix)
109 search free-form properties table.</li>
111 <li>If <code>key</code> is a special image 'attribute' name (see list
112 above) return the associated or calculated image attribute.</li>
114 <li>Search for setting as a free-form 'property'</li>
115 <li>Search for setting as a free-form 'artifact'</li>
116 <li>Search for setting as a free-form 'option'</li>
118 <li>Replace escape with empty string, and perhaps produce a warning.</li>
121 <p>Remember, all long name forms of percent escapes are handled in a is case
122 insensitive manner. </p>
124 <p><b>As of IM v6.8.0-5</b> you can now access the Artifact and Option
125 free-form string tables directly, allowing you to override the above sequence,
126 and avoid accessing an attribute or property of the same name.</p>
129 %[artifact:<var>setting</var>]
130 %[option:<var>setting</var>]
134 <h3 class="magick-header">Single Letter Attribute Percent Escapes</h3>
136 <p>Here are common single letter escapes (short form) is used to report the most
137 common attributes and properties of an image, such as: the image filename
138 filename, type, width, height. </p>
140 <div class="table-responsive">
141 <table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
148 <td>carriage return</td>
152 <td>less-than character.</td>
156 <td>greater-than character.</td>
160 <td>ampersand character.</td>
164 <td>a percent sign</td>
168 <td>file size of image read in</td>
172 <td>comment meta-data property</td>
176 <td>directory component of path</td>
180 <td>filename extension or suffix</td>
184 <td>filename (including suffix)</td>
188 <td>layer canvas page geometry (equivalent to "%Wx%H%X%Y")</td>
192 <td>current image height in pixels</td>
196 <td>image filename (note: becomes output filename for "info:")</td>
200 <td>CALCULATED: number of unique colors</td>
204 <td>label meta-data property</td>
208 <td>image file format (file magic)</td>
212 <td>number of images in current image sequence</td>
216 <td>output filename (used for delegates)</td>
220 <td>index of image in current image list</td>
224 <td>quantum depth (compile-time constant)</td>
228 <td>image class and colorspace</td>
232 <td>scene number (from input unless re-assigned)</td>
236 <td>filename without directory or extension (suffix)</td>
240 <td>unique temporary filename (used for delegates)</td>
244 <td>current width in pixels</td>
248 <td>x resolution (density)</td>
252 <td>y resolution (density)</td>
256 <td>image depth (as read in unless modified, image save depth)</td>
260 <td>image transparency channel enabled (true/false)</td>
264 <td>image compression type</td>
268 <td>image GIF dispose method</td>
272 <td>original image size (%wx%h; before any resizes)</td>
276 <td>page (canvas) height</td>
280 <td>Magick filename (original file exactly as given, including read mods)</td>
284 <td>page (canvas) offset ( = %X%Y )</td>
288 <td>page (canvas) size ( = %Wx%H )</td>
292 <td>image compression quality ( 0 = default )</td>
296 <td>?? scenes ??</td>
300 <td>image time delay (in centi-seconds)</td>
304 <td>image resolution units</td>
308 <td>page (canvas) width</td>
312 <td>page (canvas) x offset (including sign)</td>
316 <td>page (canvas) y offset (including sign)</td>
320 <td>unique filename (used for delegates)</td>
324 <td>CALCULATED: trim bounding box (without actually trimming)</td>
328 <td>CALCULATED: 'signature' hash of image values</td>
332 <p>Here is a sample command and its output for an image with filename
333 <code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
336 -> identify -format "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
337 MIFF:bird.miff 512x480
340 <p>Note that all single letter percent escapes can also be used using long
341 form (from IM version 6.7.6-9, see next). For example <code>%[f]</code> is
342 equivalent to the <code>%f</code> short form. </p>
344 <p><b>WARNING</b>: short form percent escapes are NOT performed when the percent
345 is after a number. For example, <code>10%x10</code> does not expand the
346 <code>%x</code> as a percent escape. If you specifically want to expand the
347 'x', use the long form which overrides this special case. EG:
348 <code>10%[x]10</code>. </p>
350 <p>Also be warned that calculated attributes can take some time to generate,
351 especially for large images.</p>
353 <h3 class="magick-header">Long Form Attribute Percent Escapes</h3>
355 <p>In addition to the above specific and calculated attributes are recognized
356 when enclosed in braces (long form):</p>
358 <div class="table-responsive">
359 <table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
362 <td>base filename, no suffixes (as %t)</td>
366 <td>??? channels in use - colorspace ???</td>
369 <td>%[colorspace]</td>
370 <td>Colorspace of Image Data (excluding transparency)</td>
373 <td>%[copyright]</td>
374 <td>ImageMagick Copyright String</td>
378 <td>depth of image for write (as input unless changed)</td>
381 <td>%[deskew:angle]</td>
382 <td>The deskew angle in degrees of rotation</td>
385 <td>%[directory]</td>
386 <td>directory part of filename (as %d)</td>
389 <td>%[distortion]</td>
390 <td>how well an image resembles a reference image (<a href="command-line-options.html#compare" >-compare</a>)</td>
394 <td>CALCULATED: entropy of the image</td>
397 <td>%[extension]</td>
398 <td>extension part of filename (as %e)</td>
402 <td>value of image gamma</td>
406 <td>??? window group ???</td>
410 <td>original height of image (when it was read in)</td>
414 <td>CALCULATED: kurtosis statistic of image</td>
418 <td>label meta-data property</td>
422 <td>coder used to read image (not the file suffix)</td>
426 <td>CALCULATED: maximum value statistic of image</td>
430 <td>CALCULATED: average value statistic of image</td>
434 <td>CALCULATED: minimum value statistic of image</td>
438 <td>The original name of the image</td>
442 <td>CALCULATED: is image fully-opaque?</td>
445 <td>%[orientation]</td>
446 <td>image orientation</td>
450 <td>Virtual canvas (page) geometry</td>
453 <td>%[profile:icc]</td>
454 <td>ICC profile info</td>
457 <td>%[profile:icm]</td>
458 <td>ICM profile info</td>
462 <td>list of any embedded profiles</td>
465 <td>%[resolution.x]</td>
466 <td>X density (resolution) without units</td>
469 <td>%[resolution.y]</td>
470 <td>Y density (resolution) without units</td>
474 <td>original scene number of image in input file</td>
478 <td>original size of image (when it was read in)</td>
482 <td>CALCULATED: skewness statistic of image</td>
485 <td>%[standard-deviation]</td>
486 <td>CALCULATED: standard deviation statistic of image</td>
490 <td>CALCULATED: image type</td>
494 <td>unique temporary filename ???</td>
498 <td>image resolution units</td>
502 <td>Version Information of this running ImageMagick</td>
506 <td>original width of image (when it was read in)</td>
510 <td>zero (unique filename for delegate use)</td>
514 <h3 class="magick-header">Properties</h3>
516 <p>All other long forms of percent escapes (not single letter long form) are
517 handled in a case insensitive manner. Such escapes will will attempt to look
518 up that name specific data sources. </p>
520 <p>The primary search space (if not a specific attribute listed above) is
521 a free-form property string. Such strings are associated and saved with
522 images, and are typically set using either the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>
523 CLI option (or API equivalent), or from special convenience options
524 (such as <a href="command-line-options.html#label"
525 >-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#comment"
526 >-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption"
529 <p>These convenience options are globally saved (as 'global options' so thay can
530 be set before images are read), and later are transfered to the property of
531 individual images, only when they are read in. At that time any internal
532 percent escape present is then handled. </p>
534 <p>To change a property of an image already in memory, you need to use <a
535 href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>.
538 <p>Note that properties, like attributes (and profiles), are saved with
539 images when write, if the image file format allows. </p>
542 <h3 class="magick-header">Artifacts and Options</h3>
544 <p>The previous percent escapes are associated with the primary Attributes and
545 Properties. Which is the original and primary focus of such percent escapes.
548 <p>However there are many operational settings that are used by various
549 ImageMagick operators that can be useful to set and later access. These
550 consist of per-image Artifacts, and Global options (associated with a list of
551 images, typically the current image list).</p>
553 <p>Note that the major difference between an artifact and a property is that
554 artifacts, being an internal operational setting, is not saved with images (if
555 such is possible). </p>
557 <p>For example when you use <code>-define 'distort:viewport=100x100'</code> you
558 are in fact generating a global option, which the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
559 >-distort</a> operator will use to modify its behavior (distorted output
562 <p>An Option is essentually a Artifact that has been stored globally as part
563 of a list of images (specifically a 'Wand' of images). As such they are
564 identical, in that a Option, is simply a global Artifact for all the
565 associated images. </p>
567 <p>As such you can use <code>-set 'option:distort:viewport' '100x100'</code> to
568 achieve the same result of setting a Artifact for the disort operation to use.
571 <p><b>Internal Handling of a Global Option...</b></p>
573 <p>The Core library ('MagickCore') does not generally directly understand
574 Global Options. As such, continuing the previous example, the
575 <code>DistortImages()</code> function only looks up an artifact to discover if
576 a 'viewport' has been provided to it. </p>
578 <p>How Global Options are used when a library function requests an Artifact is
579 one of the key differences between IMv6 and IMv7.</p>
581 <p>In <b>ImageMagick version 6</b>... before each operator, any global Options
582 are copied to per-image Artifacts, for every image in the current image list.
583 This allows various operators to find its operational 'defines' or Artifacts.
586 <p>In <b>ImageMagick version 7</b>... sets a link back to the global options
587 data, so that if a specific per-image Artifact is not found , then it will
588 look for a equivalent global Option for that image list. directly. This
589 saves coping these free-form options into artifacts repeatally, and means you
590 can now separately define a global option for a list, and a individual
591 overriding artifact for a specific image in that list. </p>
593 <p>Note that many API's that do not use Wands (PerlMagick for example using
594 arrays of images rather than a Wand). In these API's you will not have Global
595 Options, only per-image Artifacts. </p>
597 <p>In summery a Global Option, if available, is equivalent to a per-image
601 <h3 class="magick-header">Glob-Pattern Listing of Properties, Artifacts and Options</h3>
603 <p>The <var>setting</var> can contain a glob pattern. As such you can
604 now list all free-form string properties, artifacts, and options, (but not
605 specific image attributes) using...</p>
609 -print "__Properties__\n%[*]" \
610 -print "__Artifacts__\n%[artifact:*]" \
611 -print "__Options__\n%[option:*]" \
615 <p> The format of glob patterns are very specific and as such is generally
616 only used to list specific settings, such as when debugging, rather than being
617 used for image processing use. </p>
620 <h3 class="magick-header">Calculated Percent Escape Prefixes</h3>
622 <p>There are some special prefixes (before the first ':') which performs
623 calculations based on the user provided string that follows that prefix. For
624 example you can do a numerical calculation use <code>%[fx:...]</code> to
625 evaluate the given <a href="fx.html">FX</a> expressions:</p>
628 %[fx:<var>expression</var>]
631 <p>Use <code>pixel:</code> to evaluate a pixel color as defined by the <a
632 href="fx.html">FX</a>
636 %[pixel:<var>expression</var>]
639 <h3 class="magick-header">Specific Profile Percent Escape Prefixes</h3>
641 <p>You can also use the following special formatting syntax to print EXIF
642 mage meta-data that was included in the image read in:</p>
645 %[EXIF:<var>tag</var>]
648 <p>Choose <var>tag</var> from the following:</p>
650 <pre class="pre-scrollable">
651 * (print all EXIF tags, in keyword=data format)
652 ! (print all EXIF tags, in tag_number data format)
653 #hhhh (print data for EXIF tag #hhhh)
658 PhotometricInterpretation
678 PrimaryChromaticities
681 JPEGInterchangeFormat
682 JPEGInterchangeFormatLength
704 ComponentsConfiguration
705 CompressedBitsPerPixel
725 InteroperabilityOffset
727 SpatialFrequencyResponse
728 FocalPlaneXResolution
729 FocalPlaneYResolution
730 FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
738 <p>Surround the format specification with quotation marks to prevent your
739 shell from misinterpreting any spaces and square brackets.</p>
741 <p>The following special formatting syntax can be used to print IPTC
742 information contained in the file:</p>
745 %[IPTC:<var>dataset</var>:<var>record</var>]
748 <p>Select <var>dataset</var> and <var>record</var> from the following:</p>
750 <pre class="pre-scrollable:">
755 1:22 File Format Version
756 1:30 Service Identifier
759 1:60 Envelope Priority
762 1:90 Coded Character Set
763 1:100 UNO (Unique Name of Object)
769 2:03 Object Type Reference
770 2:05 Object Name (Title)
772 2:08 Editorial Update
774 2:12 Subject Reference
776 2:20 Supplemental Category
777 2:22 Fixture Identifier
779 2:26 Content Location Code
780 2:27 Content Location Name
785 2:40 Special Instructions
787 2:45 Reference Service
789 2:50 Reference Number
792 2:62 Digital Creation Date
793 2:63 Digital Creation Time
794 2:65 Originating Program
797 2:80 By-Line (Author)
798 2:85 By-Line Title (Author Position) [Not used in Photoshop 7]
802 2:100 Country/Primary Location Code
803 2:101 Country/Primary Location Name
804 2:103 Original Transmission Reference
808 2:116 Copyright Notice
810 2:120 Caption/Abstract
811 2:122 Caption Writer/Editor
812 2:125 Rasterized Caption
814 2:131 Image Orientation
815 2:135 Language Identifier
817 2:151 Audio Sampling Rate
818 2:152 Audio Sampling Resolution
821 2:200 ObjectData Preview File Format
822 2:201 ObjectData Preview File Format Version
823 2:202 ObjectData Preview Data
825 Pre-ObjectData Descriptor Record
827 7:20 Max Subfile Size
828 7:90 ObjectData Size Announced
829 7:95 Maximum ObjectData Size
834 Post ObjectData Descriptor Record
835 9:10 Confirmed ObjectData Size
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