2 * Copyright (c) 2010 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
4 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
5 * that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
6 * tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
7 * in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
8 * be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
15 #include "./vpx_scale_rtcd.h"
17 #include "vpx_mem/vpx_mem.h"
18 #include "vpx_scale/vpx_scale.h"
19 #include "vpx_scale/yv12config.h"
21 #include "vp9/common/vp9_entropymv.h"
22 #include "vp9/common/vp9_quant_common.h"
23 #include "vp9/common/vp9_reconinter.h" // vp9_setup_dst_planes()
24 #include "vp9/common/vp9_systemdependent.h"
26 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_variance.h"
27 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_block.h"
28 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeframe.h"
29 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemb.h"
30 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemv.h"
31 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.h"
32 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_extend.h"
33 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_firstpass.h"
34 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_mcomp.h"
35 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_quantize.h"
36 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_rdopt.h"
37 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_variance.h"
42 #define IIKFACTOR1 12.5
43 #define IIKFACTOR2 15.0
46 #define ERR_DIVISOR 150.0
47 #define MIN_DECAY_FACTOR 0.1
48 #define SVC_FACTOR_PT_LOW 0.45
49 #define FACTOR_PT_LOW 0.5
50 #define FACTOR_PT_HIGH 0.9
52 #define KF_MB_INTRA_MIN 150
53 #define GF_MB_INTRA_MIN 100
55 #define DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(x) ((x) < 0 ? (x) - 0.000001 : (x) + 0.000001)
57 #define MIN_KF_BOOST 300
58 #define MIN_GF_INTERVAL 4
59 #define LONG_TERM_VBR_CORRECTION
61 static void swap_yv12(YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *a, YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *b) {
62 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG temp = *a;
67 static int gfboost_qadjust(int qindex) {
68 const double q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex);
69 return (int)((0.00000828 * q * q * q) +
74 // Resets the first pass file to the given position using a relative seek from
75 // the current position.
76 static void reset_fpf_position(TWO_PASS *p,
77 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *position) {
78 p->stats_in = position;
81 static int lookup_next_frame_stats(const TWO_PASS *p,
82 FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) {
83 if (p->stats_in >= p->stats_in_end)
86 *next_frame = *p->stats_in;
91 // Read frame stats at an offset from the current position.
92 static int read_frame_stats(const TWO_PASS *p,
93 FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame_stats, int offset) {
94 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *fps_ptr = p->stats_in;
96 // Check legality of offset.
98 if (&fps_ptr[offset] >= p->stats_in_end)
100 } else if (offset < 0) {
101 if (&fps_ptr[offset] < p->stats_in_start)
105 *frame_stats = fps_ptr[offset];
109 static int input_stats(TWO_PASS *p, FIRSTPASS_STATS *fps) {
110 if (p->stats_in >= p->stats_in_end)
118 static void output_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
119 struct vpx_codec_pkt_list *pktlist) {
120 struct vpx_codec_cx_pkt pkt;
121 pkt.kind = VPX_CODEC_STATS_PKT;
122 pkt.data.twopass_stats.buf = stats;
123 pkt.data.twopass_stats.sz = sizeof(FIRSTPASS_STATS);
124 vpx_codec_pkt_list_add(pktlist, &pkt);
130 fpfile = fopen("firstpass.stt", "a");
132 fprintf(fpfile, "%12.0f %12.0f %12.0f %12.0f %12.4f %12.4f"
133 "%12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f"
134 "%12.0f %12.0f %12.4f %12.0f %12.0f %12.4f\n",
138 stats->sr_coded_error,
141 stats->pcnt_second_ref,
149 stats->mv_in_out_count,
158 static void zero_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section) {
159 section->frame = 0.0;
160 section->intra_error = 0.0;
161 section->coded_error = 0.0;
162 section->sr_coded_error = 0.0;
163 section->pcnt_inter = 0.0;
164 section->pcnt_motion = 0.0;
165 section->pcnt_second_ref = 0.0;
166 section->pcnt_neutral = 0.0;
168 section->mvr_abs = 0.0;
170 section->mvc_abs = 0.0;
173 section->mv_in_out_count = 0.0;
174 section->new_mv_count = 0.0;
175 section->count = 0.0;
176 section->duration = 1.0;
177 section->spatial_layer_id = 0;
180 static void accumulate_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section,
181 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
182 section->frame += frame->frame;
183 section->spatial_layer_id = frame->spatial_layer_id;
184 section->intra_error += frame->intra_error;
185 section->coded_error += frame->coded_error;
186 section->sr_coded_error += frame->sr_coded_error;
187 section->pcnt_inter += frame->pcnt_inter;
188 section->pcnt_motion += frame->pcnt_motion;
189 section->pcnt_second_ref += frame->pcnt_second_ref;
190 section->pcnt_neutral += frame->pcnt_neutral;
191 section->MVr += frame->MVr;
192 section->mvr_abs += frame->mvr_abs;
193 section->MVc += frame->MVc;
194 section->mvc_abs += frame->mvc_abs;
195 section->MVrv += frame->MVrv;
196 section->MVcv += frame->MVcv;
197 section->mv_in_out_count += frame->mv_in_out_count;
198 section->new_mv_count += frame->new_mv_count;
199 section->count += frame->count;
200 section->duration += frame->duration;
203 static void subtract_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section,
204 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
205 section->frame -= frame->frame;
206 section->intra_error -= frame->intra_error;
207 section->coded_error -= frame->coded_error;
208 section->sr_coded_error -= frame->sr_coded_error;
209 section->pcnt_inter -= frame->pcnt_inter;
210 section->pcnt_motion -= frame->pcnt_motion;
211 section->pcnt_second_ref -= frame->pcnt_second_ref;
212 section->pcnt_neutral -= frame->pcnt_neutral;
213 section->MVr -= frame->MVr;
214 section->mvr_abs -= frame->mvr_abs;
215 section->MVc -= frame->MVc;
216 section->mvc_abs -= frame->mvc_abs;
217 section->MVrv -= frame->MVrv;
218 section->MVcv -= frame->MVcv;
219 section->mv_in_out_count -= frame->mv_in_out_count;
220 section->new_mv_count -= frame->new_mv_count;
221 section->count -= frame->count;
222 section->duration -= frame->duration;
225 static void avg_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section) {
226 if (section->count < 1.0)
229 section->intra_error /= section->count;
230 section->coded_error /= section->count;
231 section->sr_coded_error /= section->count;
232 section->pcnt_inter /= section->count;
233 section->pcnt_second_ref /= section->count;
234 section->pcnt_neutral /= section->count;
235 section->pcnt_motion /= section->count;
236 section->MVr /= section->count;
237 section->mvr_abs /= section->count;
238 section->MVc /= section->count;
239 section->mvc_abs /= section->count;
240 section->MVrv /= section->count;
241 section->MVcv /= section->count;
242 section->mv_in_out_count /= section->count;
243 section->duration /= section->count;
246 // Calculate a modified Error used in distributing bits between easier and
248 static double calculate_modified_err(const TWO_PASS *twopass,
249 const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf,
250 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
251 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const stats = &twopass->total_stats;
252 const double av_err = stats->coded_error / stats->count;
253 const double modified_error = av_err *
254 pow(this_frame->coded_error / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(av_err),
255 oxcf->two_pass_vbrbias / 100.0);
256 return fclamp(modified_error,
257 twopass->modified_error_min, twopass->modified_error_max);
260 // This function returns the maximum target rate per frame.
261 static int frame_max_bits(const RATE_CONTROL *rc,
262 const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf) {
263 int64_t max_bits = ((int64_t)rc->avg_frame_bandwidth *
264 (int64_t)oxcf->two_pass_vbrmax_section) / 100;
267 else if (max_bits > rc->max_frame_bandwidth)
268 max_bits = rc->max_frame_bandwidth;
270 return (int)max_bits;
273 void vp9_init_first_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
274 zero_stats(&cpi->twopass.total_stats);
277 void vp9_end_first_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
278 if (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers == 1) {
280 for (i = 0; i < cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers; ++i) {
281 output_stats(&cpi->svc.layer_context[i].twopass.total_stats,
282 cpi->output_pkt_list);
285 output_stats(&cpi->twopass.total_stats, cpi->output_pkt_list);
289 static vp9_variance_fn_t get_block_variance_fn(BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
302 static unsigned int get_prediction_error(BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
303 const struct buf_2d *src,
304 const struct buf_2d *ref) {
306 const vp9_variance_fn_t fn = get_block_variance_fn(bsize);
307 fn(src->buf, src->stride, ref->buf, ref->stride, &sse);
311 // Refine the motion search range according to the frame dimension
312 // for first pass test.
313 static int get_search_range(const VP9_COMMON *cm) {
315 const int dim = MIN(cm->width, cm->height);
317 while ((dim << sr) < MAX_FULL_PEL_VAL)
322 static void first_pass_motion_search(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
323 const MV *ref_mv, MV *best_mv,
324 int *best_motion_err) {
325 MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
327 MV ref_mv_full = {ref_mv->row >> 3, ref_mv->col >> 3};
328 int num00, tmp_err, n;
329 const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type;
330 vp9_variance_fn_ptr_t v_fn_ptr = cpi->fn_ptr[bsize];
331 const int new_mv_mode_penalty = 256;
334 int further_steps = (MAX_MVSEARCH_STEPS - 1) - step_param;
335 const int sr = get_search_range(&cpi->common);
339 // Override the default variance function to use MSE.
340 v_fn_ptr.vf = get_block_variance_fn(bsize);
342 // Center the initial step/diamond search on best mv.
343 tmp_err = cpi->diamond_search_sad(x, &cpi->ss_cfg, &ref_mv_full, &tmp_mv,
345 x->sadperbit16, &num00, &v_fn_ptr, ref_mv);
346 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX)
347 tmp_err = vp9_get_mvpred_var(x, &tmp_mv, ref_mv, &v_fn_ptr, 1);
348 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX - new_mv_mode_penalty)
349 tmp_err += new_mv_mode_penalty;
351 if (tmp_err < *best_motion_err) {
352 *best_motion_err = tmp_err;
356 // Carry out further step/diamond searches as necessary.
360 while (n < further_steps) {
366 tmp_err = cpi->diamond_search_sad(x, &cpi->ss_cfg, &ref_mv_full, &tmp_mv,
367 step_param + n, x->sadperbit16,
368 &num00, &v_fn_ptr, ref_mv);
369 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX)
370 tmp_err = vp9_get_mvpred_var(x, &tmp_mv, ref_mv, &v_fn_ptr, 1);
371 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX - new_mv_mode_penalty)
372 tmp_err += new_mv_mode_penalty;
374 if (tmp_err < *best_motion_err) {
375 *best_motion_err = tmp_err;
382 static BLOCK_SIZE get_bsize(const VP9_COMMON *cm, int mb_row, int mb_col) {
383 if (2 * mb_col + 1 < cm->mi_cols) {
384 return 2 * mb_row + 1 < cm->mi_rows ? BLOCK_16X16
387 return 2 * mb_row + 1 < cm->mi_rows ? BLOCK_8X16
392 static int find_fp_qindex() {
395 for (i = 0; i < QINDEX_RANGE; ++i)
396 if (vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(i) >= 30.0)
399 if (i == QINDEX_RANGE)
405 static void set_first_pass_params(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
406 VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
407 if (!cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame &&
408 (cm->current_video_frame == 0 ||
409 (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY))) {
410 cm->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
412 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
414 // Do not use periodic key frames.
415 cpi->rc.frames_to_key = INT_MAX;
418 void vp9_first_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
420 MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
421 VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
422 MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
424 struct macroblock_plane *const p = x->plane;
425 struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = xd->plane;
426 const PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &cpi->pc_root->none;
429 int recon_yoffset, recon_uvoffset;
430 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *const lst_yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
431 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *gld_yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME);
432 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *const new_yv12 = get_frame_new_buffer(cm);
433 int recon_y_stride = lst_yv12->y_stride;
434 int recon_uv_stride = lst_yv12->uv_stride;
435 int uv_mb_height = 16 >> (lst_yv12->y_height > lst_yv12->uv_height);
436 int64_t intra_error = 0;
437 int64_t coded_error = 0;
438 int64_t sr_coded_error = 0;
440 int sum_mvr = 0, sum_mvc = 0;
441 int sum_mvr_abs = 0, sum_mvc_abs = 0;
442 int64_t sum_mvrs = 0, sum_mvcs = 0;
445 int second_ref_count = 0;
446 int intrapenalty = 256;
447 int neutral_count = 0;
448 int new_mv_count = 0;
449 int sum_in_vectors = 0;
450 uint32_t lastmv_as_int = 0;
451 TWO_PASS *twopass = &cpi->twopass;
452 const MV zero_mv = {0, 0};
453 const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *first_ref_buf = lst_yv12;
455 vp9_clear_system_state();
457 set_first_pass_params(cpi);
458 vp9_set_quantizer(cm, find_fp_qindex());
460 if (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers == 1) {
461 MV_REFERENCE_FRAME ref_frame = LAST_FRAME;
462 const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *scaled_ref_buf = NULL;
463 twopass = &cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id].twopass;
465 vp9_scale_references(cpi);
467 // Use either last frame or alt frame for motion search.
468 if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_LAST_FLAG) {
469 scaled_ref_buf = vp9_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
470 ref_frame = LAST_FRAME;
471 } else if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_ALT_FLAG) {
472 scaled_ref_buf = vp9_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, ALTREF_FRAME);
473 ref_frame = ALTREF_FRAME;
476 if (scaled_ref_buf != NULL) {
477 // Update the stride since we are using scaled reference buffer
478 first_ref_buf = scaled_ref_buf;
479 recon_y_stride = first_ref_buf->y_stride;
480 recon_uv_stride = first_ref_buf->uv_stride;
481 uv_mb_height = 16 >> (first_ref_buf->y_height > first_ref_buf->uv_height);
484 // Disable golden frame for svc first pass for now.
486 set_ref_ptrs(cm, xd, ref_frame, NONE);
488 cpi->Source = vp9_scale_if_required(cm, cpi->un_scaled_source,
489 &cpi->scaled_source);
492 vp9_setup_block_planes(&x->e_mbd, cm->subsampling_x, cm->subsampling_y);
494 vp9_setup_src_planes(x, cpi->Source, 0, 0);
495 vp9_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, first_ref_buf, 0, 0, NULL);
496 vp9_setup_dst_planes(xd->plane, new_yv12, 0, 0);
498 xd->mi = cm->mi_grid_visible;
501 vp9_frame_init_quantizer(cpi);
503 for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
504 p[i].coeff = ctx->coeff_pbuf[i][1];
505 p[i].qcoeff = ctx->qcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
506 pd[i].dqcoeff = ctx->dqcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
507 p[i].eobs = ctx->eobs_pbuf[i][1];
511 vp9_init_mv_probs(cm);
512 vp9_initialize_rd_consts(cpi);
514 // Tiling is ignored in the first pass.
515 vp9_tile_init(&tile, cm, 0, 0);
517 for (mb_row = 0; mb_row < cm->mb_rows; ++mb_row) {
520 best_ref_mv.as_int = 0;
522 // Reset above block coeffs.
523 xd->up_available = (mb_row != 0);
524 recon_yoffset = (mb_row * recon_y_stride * 16);
525 recon_uvoffset = (mb_row * recon_uv_stride * uv_mb_height);
527 // Set up limit values for motion vectors to prevent them extending
528 // outside the UMV borders.
529 x->mv_row_min = -((mb_row * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16);
530 x->mv_row_max = ((cm->mb_rows - 1 - mb_row) * 16)
531 + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16;
533 for (mb_col = 0; mb_col < cm->mb_cols; ++mb_col) {
535 const int use_dc_pred = (mb_col || mb_row) && (!mb_col || !mb_row);
536 double error_weight = 1.0;
537 const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = get_bsize(cm, mb_row, mb_col);
539 vp9_clear_system_state();
541 xd->plane[0].dst.buf = new_yv12->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
542 xd->plane[1].dst.buf = new_yv12->u_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
543 xd->plane[2].dst.buf = new_yv12->v_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
544 xd->left_available = (mb_col != 0);
545 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type = bsize;
546 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
547 set_mi_row_col(xd, &tile,
548 mb_row << 1, num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize],
549 mb_col << 1, num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize],
550 cm->mi_rows, cm->mi_cols);
552 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
553 const int energy = vp9_block_energy(cpi, x, bsize);
554 error_weight = vp9_vaq_inv_q_ratio(energy);
557 // Do intra 16x16 prediction.
559 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mode = DC_PRED;
560 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = use_dc_pred ?
561 (bsize >= BLOCK_16X16 ? TX_16X16 : TX_8X8) : TX_4X4;
562 vp9_encode_intra_block_plane(x, bsize, 0);
563 this_error = vp9_get_mb_ss(x->plane[0].src_diff);
565 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
566 vp9_clear_system_state();
567 this_error = (int)(this_error * error_weight);
570 // Intrapenalty below deals with situations where the intra and inter
571 // error scores are very low (e.g. a plain black frame).
572 // We do not have special cases in first pass for 0,0 and nearest etc so
573 // all inter modes carry an overhead cost estimate for the mv.
574 // When the error score is very low this causes us to pick all or lots of
575 // INTRA modes and throw lots of key frames.
576 // This penalty adds a cost matching that of a 0,0 mv to the intra case.
577 this_error += intrapenalty;
579 // Accumulate the intra error.
580 intra_error += (int64_t)this_error;
582 // Set up limit values for motion vectors to prevent them extending
583 // outside the UMV borders.
584 x->mv_col_min = -((mb_col * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16);
585 x->mv_col_max = ((cm->mb_cols - 1 - mb_col) * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16;
587 // Other than for the first frame do a motion search.
588 if (cm->current_video_frame > 0) {
589 int tmp_err, motion_error, raw_motion_error;
591 struct buf_2d unscaled_last_source_buf_2d;
593 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
594 motion_error = get_prediction_error(bsize, &x->plane[0].src,
595 &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
596 // Assume 0,0 motion with no mv overhead.
597 mv.as_int = tmp_mv.as_int = 0;
599 // Compute the motion error of the 0,0 motion using the last source
600 // frame as the reference. Skip the further motion search on
601 // reconstructed frame if this error is small.
602 unscaled_last_source_buf_2d.buf =
603 cpi->unscaled_last_source->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
604 unscaled_last_source_buf_2d.stride =
605 cpi->unscaled_last_source->y_stride;
606 raw_motion_error = get_prediction_error(bsize, &x->plane[0].src,
607 &unscaled_last_source_buf_2d);
609 // TODO(pengchong): Replace the hard-coded threshold
610 if (raw_motion_error > 25) {
611 // Test last reference frame using the previous best mv as the
612 // starting point (best reference) for the search.
613 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &best_ref_mv.as_mv, &mv.as_mv,
615 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
616 vp9_clear_system_state();
617 motion_error = (int)(motion_error * error_weight);
620 // If the current best reference mv is not centered on 0,0 then do a
621 // 0,0 based search as well.
622 if (best_ref_mv.as_int) {
624 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &zero_mv, &tmp_mv.as_mv, &tmp_err);
625 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
626 vp9_clear_system_state();
627 tmp_err = (int)(tmp_err * error_weight);
630 if (tmp_err < motion_error) {
631 motion_error = tmp_err;
632 mv.as_int = tmp_mv.as_int;
636 // Search in an older reference frame.
637 if (cm->current_video_frame > 1 && gld_yv12 != NULL) {
638 // Assume 0,0 motion with no mv overhead.
641 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = gld_yv12->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
642 gf_motion_error = get_prediction_error(bsize, &x->plane[0].src,
643 &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
645 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &zero_mv, &tmp_mv.as_mv,
647 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
648 vp9_clear_system_state();
649 gf_motion_error = (int)(gf_motion_error * error_weight);
652 if (gf_motion_error < motion_error && gf_motion_error < this_error)
655 // Reset to last frame as reference buffer.
656 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
657 xd->plane[1].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->u_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
658 xd->plane[2].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->v_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
660 // In accumulating a score for the older reference frame take the
661 // best of the motion predicted score and the intra coded error
662 // (just as will be done for) accumulation of "coded_error" for
664 if (gf_motion_error < this_error)
665 sr_coded_error += gf_motion_error;
667 sr_coded_error += this_error;
669 sr_coded_error += motion_error;
672 sr_coded_error += motion_error;
675 // Start by assuming that intra mode is best.
676 best_ref_mv.as_int = 0;
678 if (motion_error <= this_error) {
679 // Keep a count of cases where the inter and intra were very close
680 // and very low. This helps with scene cut detection for example in
681 // cropped clips with black bars at the sides or top and bottom.
682 if (((this_error - intrapenalty) * 9 <= motion_error * 10) &&
683 this_error < 2 * intrapenalty)
688 this_error = motion_error;
689 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mode = NEWMV;
690 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mv[0] = mv;
691 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = TX_4X4;
692 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
693 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[1] = NONE;
694 vp9_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mb_row << 1, mb_col << 1, bsize);
695 vp9_encode_sby_pass1(x, bsize);
696 sum_mvr += mv.as_mv.row;
697 sum_mvr_abs += abs(mv.as_mv.row);
698 sum_mvc += mv.as_mv.col;
699 sum_mvc_abs += abs(mv.as_mv.col);
700 sum_mvrs += mv.as_mv.row * mv.as_mv.row;
701 sum_mvcs += mv.as_mv.col * mv.as_mv.col;
704 best_ref_mv.as_int = mv.as_int;
709 // Non-zero vector, was it different from the last non zero vector?
710 if (mv.as_int != lastmv_as_int)
712 lastmv_as_int = mv.as_int;
714 // Does the row vector point inwards or outwards?
715 if (mb_row < cm->mb_rows / 2) {
716 if (mv.as_mv.row > 0)
718 else if (mv.as_mv.row < 0)
720 } else if (mb_row > cm->mb_rows / 2) {
721 if (mv.as_mv.row > 0)
723 else if (mv.as_mv.row < 0)
727 // Does the col vector point inwards or outwards?
728 if (mb_col < cm->mb_cols / 2) {
729 if (mv.as_mv.col > 0)
731 else if (mv.as_mv.col < 0)
733 } else if (mb_col > cm->mb_cols / 2) {
734 if (mv.as_mv.col > 0)
736 else if (mv.as_mv.col < 0)
742 sr_coded_error += (int64_t)this_error;
744 coded_error += (int64_t)this_error;
746 // Adjust to the next column of MBs.
747 x->plane[0].src.buf += 16;
748 x->plane[1].src.buf += uv_mb_height;
749 x->plane[2].src.buf += uv_mb_height;
752 recon_uvoffset += uv_mb_height;
755 // Adjust to the next row of MBs.
756 x->plane[0].src.buf += 16 * x->plane[0].src.stride - 16 * cm->mb_cols;
757 x->plane[1].src.buf += uv_mb_height * x->plane[1].src.stride -
758 uv_mb_height * cm->mb_cols;
759 x->plane[2].src.buf += uv_mb_height * x->plane[1].src.stride -
760 uv_mb_height * cm->mb_cols;
762 vp9_clear_system_state();
765 vp9_clear_system_state();
769 fps.frame = cm->current_video_frame;
770 fps.spatial_layer_id = cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id;
771 fps.intra_error = (double)(intra_error >> 8);
772 fps.coded_error = (double)(coded_error >> 8);
773 fps.sr_coded_error = (double)(sr_coded_error >> 8);
775 fps.pcnt_inter = (double)intercount / cm->MBs;
776 fps.pcnt_second_ref = (double)second_ref_count / cm->MBs;
777 fps.pcnt_neutral = (double)neutral_count / cm->MBs;
780 fps.MVr = (double)sum_mvr / mvcount;
781 fps.mvr_abs = (double)sum_mvr_abs / mvcount;
782 fps.MVc = (double)sum_mvc / mvcount;
783 fps.mvc_abs = (double)sum_mvc_abs / mvcount;
784 fps.MVrv = ((double)sum_mvrs - (fps.MVr * fps.MVr / mvcount)) / mvcount;
785 fps.MVcv = ((double)sum_mvcs - (fps.MVc * fps.MVc / mvcount)) / mvcount;
786 fps.mv_in_out_count = (double)sum_in_vectors / (mvcount * 2);
787 fps.new_mv_count = new_mv_count;
788 fps.pcnt_motion = (double)mvcount / cm->MBs;
796 fps.mv_in_out_count = 0.0;
797 fps.new_mv_count = 0.0;
798 fps.pcnt_motion = 0.0;
801 // TODO(paulwilkins): Handle the case when duration is set to 0, or
802 // something less than the full time between subsequent values of
803 // cpi->source_time_stamp.
804 fps.duration = (double)(cpi->source->ts_end - cpi->source->ts_start);
806 // Don't want to do output stats with a stack variable!
807 twopass->this_frame_stats = fps;
808 output_stats(&twopass->this_frame_stats, cpi->output_pkt_list);
809 accumulate_stats(&twopass->total_stats, &fps);
812 // Copy the previous Last Frame back into gf and and arf buffers if
813 // the prediction is good enough... but also don't allow it to lag too far.
814 if ((twopass->sr_update_lag > 3) ||
815 ((cm->current_video_frame > 0) &&
816 (twopass->this_frame_stats.pcnt_inter > 0.20) &&
817 ((twopass->this_frame_stats.intra_error /
818 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(twopass->this_frame_stats.coded_error)) > 2.0))) {
819 if (gld_yv12 != NULL) {
820 vp8_yv12_copy_frame(lst_yv12, gld_yv12);
822 twopass->sr_update_lag = 1;
824 ++twopass->sr_update_lag;
827 vp9_extend_frame_borders(new_yv12);
829 if (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers == 1) {
830 vp9_update_reference_frames(cpi);
832 // Swap frame pointers so last frame refers to the frame we just compressed.
833 swap_yv12(lst_yv12, new_yv12);
836 // Special case for the first frame. Copy into the GF buffer as a second
838 if (cm->current_video_frame == 0 && gld_yv12 != NULL) {
839 vp8_yv12_copy_frame(lst_yv12, gld_yv12);
842 // Use this to see what the first pass reconstruction looks like.
846 snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "enc%04d.yuv",
847 (int)cm->current_video_frame);
849 if (cm->current_video_frame == 0)
850 recon_file = fopen(filename, "wb");
852 recon_file = fopen(filename, "ab");
854 (void)fwrite(lst_yv12->buffer_alloc, lst_yv12->frame_size, 1, recon_file);
858 ++cm->current_video_frame;
861 static double calc_correction_factor(double err_per_mb,
866 const double error_term = err_per_mb / err_divisor;
868 // Adjustment based on actual quantizer to power term.
869 const double power_term = MIN(vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(q) * 0.0125 + pt_low,
872 // Calculate correction factor.
873 if (power_term < 1.0)
874 assert(error_term >= 0.0);
876 return fclamp(pow(error_term, power_term), 0.05, 5.0);
879 static int get_twopass_worst_quality(const VP9_COMP *cpi,
880 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
881 int section_target_bandwidth) {
882 const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
883 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
885 if (section_target_bandwidth <= 0) {
886 return rc->worst_quality; // Highest value allowed
888 const int num_mbs = cpi->common.MBs;
889 const double section_err = stats->coded_error / stats->count;
890 const double err_per_mb = section_err / num_mbs;
891 const double speed_term = 1.0 + 0.04 * oxcf->speed;
892 const int target_norm_bits_per_mb = ((uint64_t)section_target_bandwidth <<
893 BPER_MB_NORMBITS) / num_mbs;
895 int is_svc_upper_layer = 0;
896 if (cpi->use_svc && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers == 1 &&
897 cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id > 0) {
898 is_svc_upper_layer = 1;
901 // Try and pick a max Q that will be high enough to encode the
902 // content at the given rate.
903 for (q = rc->best_quality; q < rc->worst_quality; ++q) {
904 const double factor =
905 calc_correction_factor(err_per_mb, ERR_DIVISOR,
906 is_svc_upper_layer ? SVC_FACTOR_PT_LOW :
907 FACTOR_PT_LOW, FACTOR_PT_HIGH, q);
908 const int bits_per_mb = vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(INTER_FRAME, q,
909 factor * speed_term);
910 if (bits_per_mb <= target_norm_bits_per_mb)
914 // Restriction on active max q for constrained quality mode.
915 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CQ)
916 q = MAX(q, oxcf->cq_level);
921 extern void vp9_new_framerate(VP9_COMP *cpi, double framerate);
923 void vp9_init_second_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
924 SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
925 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
926 const int is_spatial_svc = (svc->number_spatial_layers > 1) &&
927 (svc->number_temporal_layers == 1);
928 TWO_PASS *const twopass = is_spatial_svc ?
929 &svc->layer_context[svc->spatial_layer_id].twopass : &cpi->twopass;
931 FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats;
933 zero_stats(&twopass->total_stats);
934 zero_stats(&twopass->total_left_stats);
936 if (!twopass->stats_in_end)
939 stats = &twopass->total_stats;
941 *stats = *twopass->stats_in_end;
942 twopass->total_left_stats = *stats;
944 frame_rate = 10000000.0 * stats->count / stats->duration;
945 // Each frame can have a different duration, as the frame rate in the source
946 // isn't guaranteed to be constant. The frame rate prior to the first frame
947 // encoded in the second pass is a guess. However, the sum duration is not.
948 // It is calculated based on the actual durations of all frames from the
951 if (is_spatial_svc) {
952 vp9_update_spatial_layer_framerate(cpi, frame_rate);
953 twopass->bits_left = (int64_t)(stats->duration *
954 svc->layer_context[svc->spatial_layer_id].target_bandwidth /
957 vp9_new_framerate(cpi, frame_rate);
958 twopass->bits_left = (int64_t)(stats->duration * oxcf->target_bandwidth /
962 // Calculate a minimum intra value to be used in determining the IIratio
963 // scores used in the second pass. We have this minimum to make sure
964 // that clips that are static but "low complexity" in the intra domain
965 // are still boosted appropriately for KF/GF/ARF.
966 if (!is_spatial_svc) {
967 // We don't know the number of MBs for each layer at this point.
968 // So we will do it later.
969 twopass->kf_intra_err_min = KF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
970 twopass->gf_intra_err_min = GF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
973 // This variable monitors how far behind the second ref update is lagging.
974 twopass->sr_update_lag = 1;
976 // Scan the first pass file and calculate a modified total error based upon
977 // the bias/power function used to allocate bits.
979 const double avg_error = stats->coded_error /
980 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(stats->count);
981 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *s = twopass->stats_in;
982 double modified_error_total = 0.0;
983 twopass->modified_error_min = (avg_error *
984 oxcf->two_pass_vbrmin_section) / 100;
985 twopass->modified_error_max = (avg_error *
986 oxcf->two_pass_vbrmax_section) / 100;
987 while (s < twopass->stats_in_end) {
988 modified_error_total += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, s);
991 twopass->modified_error_left = modified_error_total;
994 // Reset the vbr bits off target counter
995 cpi->rc.vbr_bits_off_target = 0;
998 // This function gives an estimate of how badly we believe the prediction
999 // quality is decaying from frame to frame.
1000 static double get_prediction_decay_rate(const VP9_COMMON *cm,
1001 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) {
1002 // Look at the observed drop in prediction quality between the last frame
1003 // and the GF buffer (which contains an older frame).
1004 const double mb_sr_err_diff = (next_frame->sr_coded_error -
1005 next_frame->coded_error) / cm->MBs;
1006 const double second_ref_decay = mb_sr_err_diff <= 512.0
1007 ? fclamp(pow(1.0 - (mb_sr_err_diff / 512.0), 0.5), 0.85, 1.0)
1010 return MIN(second_ref_decay, next_frame->pcnt_inter);
1013 // Function to test for a condition where a complex transition is followed
1014 // by a static section. For example in slide shows where there is a fade
1015 // between slides. This is to help with more optimal kf and gf positioning.
1016 static int detect_transition_to_still(TWO_PASS *twopass,
1017 int frame_interval, int still_interval,
1018 double loop_decay_rate,
1019 double last_decay_rate) {
1020 int trans_to_still = 0;
1022 // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion
1023 // For example a static image after a fade or other transition
1024 // instead of a clean scene cut.
1025 if (frame_interval > MIN_GF_INTERVAL &&
1026 loop_decay_rate >= 0.999 &&
1027 last_decay_rate < 0.9) {
1029 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *position = twopass->stats_in;
1030 FIRSTPASS_STATS tmp_next_frame;
1032 // Look ahead a few frames to see if static condition persists...
1033 for (j = 0; j < still_interval; ++j) {
1034 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &tmp_next_frame))
1037 if (tmp_next_frame.pcnt_inter - tmp_next_frame.pcnt_motion < 0.999)
1041 reset_fpf_position(twopass, position);
1043 // Only if it does do we signal a transition to still.
1044 if (j == still_interval)
1048 return trans_to_still;
1051 // This function detects a flash through the high relative pcnt_second_ref
1052 // score in the frame following a flash frame. The offset passed in should
1054 static int detect_flash(const TWO_PASS *twopass, int offset) {
1055 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
1057 int flash_detected = 0;
1059 // Read the frame data.
1060 // The return is FALSE (no flash detected) if not a valid frame
1061 if (read_frame_stats(twopass, &next_frame, offset) != EOF) {
1062 // What we are looking for here is a situation where there is a
1063 // brief break in prediction (such as a flash) but subsequent frames
1064 // are reasonably well predicted by an earlier (pre flash) frame.
1065 // The recovery after a flash is indicated by a high pcnt_second_ref
1066 // compared to pcnt_inter.
1067 if (next_frame.pcnt_second_ref > next_frame.pcnt_inter &&
1068 next_frame.pcnt_second_ref >= 0.5)
1072 return flash_detected;
1075 // Update the motion related elements to the GF arf boost calculation.
1076 static void accumulate_frame_motion_stats(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
1078 double *mv_in_out_accumulator,
1079 double *abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1080 double *mv_ratio_accumulator) {
1081 const double pct = stats->pcnt_motion;
1083 // Accumulate Motion In/Out of frame stats.
1084 *mv_in_out = stats->mv_in_out_count * pct;
1085 *mv_in_out_accumulator += *mv_in_out;
1086 *abs_mv_in_out_accumulator += fabs(*mv_in_out);
1088 // Accumulate a measure of how uniform (or conversely how random) the motion
1089 // field is (a ratio of abs(mv) / mv).
1091 const double mvr_ratio = fabs(stats->mvr_abs) /
1092 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVr));
1093 const double mvc_ratio = fabs(stats->mvc_abs) /
1094 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVc));
1096 *mv_ratio_accumulator += pct * (mvr_ratio < stats->mvr_abs ?
1097 mvr_ratio : stats->mvr_abs);
1098 *mv_ratio_accumulator += pct * (mvc_ratio < stats->mvc_abs ?
1099 mvc_ratio : stats->mvc_abs);
1103 // Calculate a baseline boost number for the current frame.
1104 static double calc_frame_boost(const TWO_PASS *twopass,
1105 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame,
1106 double this_frame_mv_in_out) {
1109 // Underlying boost factor is based on inter intra error ratio.
1110 if (this_frame->intra_error > twopass->gf_intra_err_min)
1111 frame_boost = (IIFACTOR * this_frame->intra_error /
1112 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error));
1114 frame_boost = (IIFACTOR * twopass->gf_intra_err_min /
1115 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error));
1117 // Increase boost for frames where new data coming into frame (e.g. zoom out).
1118 // Slightly reduce boost if there is a net balance of motion out of the frame
1119 // (zoom in). The range for this_frame_mv_in_out is -1.0 to +1.0.
1120 if (this_frame_mv_in_out > 0.0)
1121 frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out * 2.0);
1122 // In the extreme case the boost is halved.
1124 frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out / 2.0);
1126 return MIN(frame_boost, GF_RMAX);
1129 static int calc_arf_boost(VP9_COMP *cpi, int offset,
1130 int f_frames, int b_frames,
1131 int *f_boost, int *b_boost) {
1132 FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame;
1133 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1135 double boost_score = 0.0;
1136 double mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1137 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1138 double this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1139 double mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1140 double abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1142 int flash_detected = 0;
1144 // Search forward from the proposed arf/next gf position.
1145 for (i = 0; i < f_frames; ++i) {
1146 if (read_frame_stats(twopass, &this_frame, (i + offset)) == EOF)
1149 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1150 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(&this_frame,
1151 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1152 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1153 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1155 // We want to discount the flash frame itself and the recovery
1156 // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
1157 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, i + offset) ||
1158 detect_flash(twopass, i + offset + 1);
1160 // Accumulate the effect of prediction quality decay.
1161 if (!flash_detected) {
1162 decay_accumulator *= get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common, &this_frame);
1163 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator < MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
1164 ? MIN_DECAY_FACTOR : decay_accumulator;
1167 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(twopass, &this_frame,
1168 this_frame_mv_in_out);
1171 *f_boost = (int)boost_score;
1173 // Reset for backward looking loop.
1175 mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1176 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1177 this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1178 mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1179 abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1181 // Search backward towards last gf position.
1182 for (i = -1; i >= -b_frames; --i) {
1183 if (read_frame_stats(twopass, &this_frame, (i + offset)) == EOF)
1186 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1187 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(&this_frame,
1188 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1189 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1190 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1192 // We want to discount the the flash frame itself and the recovery
1193 // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
1194 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, i + offset) ||
1195 detect_flash(twopass, i + offset + 1);
1197 // Cumulative effect of prediction quality decay.
1198 if (!flash_detected) {
1199 decay_accumulator *= get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common, &this_frame);
1200 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator < MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
1201 ? MIN_DECAY_FACTOR : decay_accumulator;
1204 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(twopass, &this_frame,
1205 this_frame_mv_in_out);
1207 *b_boost = (int)boost_score;
1209 arf_boost = (*f_boost + *b_boost);
1210 if (arf_boost < ((b_frames + f_frames) * 20))
1211 arf_boost = ((b_frames + f_frames) * 20);
1216 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
1217 static int calculate_section_intra_ratio(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *begin,
1218 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *end,
1219 int section_length) {
1220 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *s = begin;
1221 double intra_error = 0.0;
1222 double coded_error = 0.0;
1225 while (s < end && i < section_length) {
1226 intra_error += s->intra_error;
1227 coded_error += s->coded_error;
1232 return (int)(intra_error / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(coded_error));
1235 // Calculate the total bits to allocate in this GF/ARF group.
1236 static int64_t calculate_total_gf_group_bits(VP9_COMP *cpi,
1237 double gf_group_err) {
1238 const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1239 const TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1240 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, &cpi->oxcf);
1241 int64_t total_group_bits;
1243 // Calculate the bits to be allocated to the group as a whole.
1244 if ((twopass->kf_group_bits > 0) && (twopass->kf_group_error_left > 0)) {
1245 total_group_bits = (int64_t)(twopass->kf_group_bits *
1246 (gf_group_err / twopass->kf_group_error_left));
1248 total_group_bits = 0;
1251 // Clamp odd edge cases.
1252 total_group_bits = (total_group_bits < 0) ?
1253 0 : (total_group_bits > twopass->kf_group_bits) ?
1254 twopass->kf_group_bits : total_group_bits;
1256 // Clip based on user supplied data rate variability limit.
1257 if (total_group_bits > (int64_t)max_bits * rc->baseline_gf_interval)
1258 total_group_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * rc->baseline_gf_interval;
1260 return total_group_bits;
1263 // Calculate the number bits extra to assign to boosted frames in a group.
1264 static int calculate_boost_bits(int frame_count,
1265 int boost, int64_t total_group_bits) {
1266 int allocation_chunks;
1268 // return 0 for invalid inputs (could arise e.g. through rounding errors)
1269 if (!boost || (total_group_bits <= 0) || (frame_count <= 0) )
1272 allocation_chunks = (frame_count * 100) + boost;
1274 // Prevent overflow.
1276 int divisor = boost >> 10;
1278 allocation_chunks /= divisor;
1281 // Calculate the number of extra bits for use in the boosted frame or frames.
1282 return MAX((int)(((int64_t)boost * total_group_bits) / allocation_chunks), 0);
1285 // Current limit on maximum number of active arfs in a GF/ARF group.
1286 #define MAX_ACTIVE_ARFS 2
1289 // This function indirects the choice of buffers for arfs.
1290 // At the moment the values are fixed but this may change as part of
1291 // the integration process with other codec features that swap buffers around.
1292 static void get_arf_buffer_indices(unsigned char *arf_buffer_indices) {
1293 arf_buffer_indices[0] = ARF_SLOT1;
1294 arf_buffer_indices[1] = ARF_SLOT2;
1297 static void allocate_gf_group_bits(VP9_COMP *cpi, int64_t gf_group_bits,
1298 double group_error, int gf_arf_bits) {
1299 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1300 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1301 TWO_PASS *twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1302 FIRSTPASS_STATS frame_stats;
1304 int frame_index = 1;
1305 int target_frame_size;
1307 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(&cpi->rc, &cpi->oxcf);
1308 int64_t total_group_bits = gf_group_bits;
1309 double modified_err = 0.0;
1310 double err_fraction;
1311 int mid_boost_bits = 0;
1312 int middle_frame_idx;
1313 unsigned char arf_buffer_indices[MAX_ACTIVE_ARFS];
1315 key_frame = cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME ||
1316 vp9_is_upper_layer_key_frame(cpi);
1318 get_arf_buffer_indices(arf_buffer_indices);
1320 // For key frames the frame target rate is already set and it
1321 // is also the golden frame.
1323 if (rc->source_alt_ref_active) {
1324 twopass->gf_group.update_type[0] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1325 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[0] = INTER_NORMAL;
1326 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[0] = 0;
1327 twopass->gf_group.arf_update_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1328 twopass->gf_group.arf_ref_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1330 twopass->gf_group.update_type[0] = GF_UPDATE;
1331 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[0] = GF_ARF_STD;
1332 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[0] = gf_arf_bits;
1333 twopass->gf_group.arf_update_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1334 twopass->gf_group.arf_ref_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1337 // Step over the golden frame / overlay frame
1338 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &frame_stats))
1342 // Deduct the boost bits for arf (or gf if it is not a key frame)
1343 // from the group total.
1344 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending || !key_frame)
1345 total_group_bits -= gf_arf_bits;
1347 // Store the bits to spend on the ARF if there is one.
1348 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1349 if (cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1350 // A portion of the gf / arf extra bits are set asside for lower level
1351 // boosted frames in the middle of the group.
1352 mid_boost_bits += gf_arf_bits >> 5;
1353 gf_arf_bits -= (gf_arf_bits >> 5);
1356 twopass->gf_group.update_type[frame_index] = ARF_UPDATE;
1357 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[frame_index] = GF_ARF_STD;
1358 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[frame_index] = gf_arf_bits;
1359 twopass->gf_group.arf_src_offset[frame_index] =
1360 (unsigned char)(rc->baseline_gf_interval - 1);
1361 twopass->gf_group.arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1362 twopass->gf_group.arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1365 if (cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1366 // Set aside a slot for a level 1 arf.
1367 twopass->gf_group.update_type[frame_index] = ARF_UPDATE;
1368 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[frame_index] = GF_ARF_LOW;
1369 twopass->gf_group.arf_src_offset[frame_index] =
1370 (unsigned char)((rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1) - 1);
1371 twopass->gf_group.arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[1];
1372 twopass->gf_group.arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1377 // Define middle frame
1378 middle_frame_idx = frame_index + (rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1) - 1;
1380 // Allocate bits to the other frames in the group.
1381 for (i = 0; i < rc->baseline_gf_interval - 1; ++i) {
1383 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &frame_stats))
1386 modified_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, &frame_stats);
1388 if (group_error > 0)
1389 err_fraction = modified_err / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(group_error);
1393 target_frame_size = (int)((double)total_group_bits * err_fraction);
1395 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending && cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1396 mid_boost_bits += (target_frame_size >> 4);
1397 target_frame_size -= (target_frame_size >> 4);
1399 if (frame_index <= middle_frame_idx)
1402 twopass->gf_group.arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[arf_idx];
1403 twopass->gf_group.arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[arf_idx];
1405 target_frame_size = clamp(target_frame_size, 0,
1406 MIN(max_bits, (int)total_group_bits));
1408 twopass->gf_group.update_type[frame_index] = LF_UPDATE;
1409 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[frame_index] = INTER_NORMAL;
1411 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[frame_index] = target_frame_size;
1416 // We need to configure the frame at the end of the sequence + 1 that will be
1417 // the start frame for the next group. Otherwise prior to the call to
1418 // vp9_rc_get_second_pass_params() the data will be undefined.
1419 twopass->gf_group.arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1420 twopass->gf_group.arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1422 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1423 twopass->gf_group.update_type[frame_index] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1424 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[frame_index] = INTER_NORMAL;
1426 // Final setup for second arf and its overlay.
1427 if (cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1428 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[2] =
1429 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[middle_frame_idx] + mid_boost_bits;
1430 twopass->gf_group.update_type[middle_frame_idx] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1431 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[middle_frame_idx] = 0;
1434 twopass->gf_group.update_type[frame_index] = GF_UPDATE;
1435 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[frame_index] = GF_ARF_STD;
1439 // Analyse and define a gf/arf group.
1440 static void define_gf_group(VP9_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
1441 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1442 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1443 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1444 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
1445 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_pos = twopass->stats_in;
1448 double boost_score = 0.0;
1449 double old_boost_score = 0.0;
1450 double gf_group_err = 0.0;
1451 double gf_first_frame_err = 0.0;
1452 double mod_frame_err = 0.0;
1454 double mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1455 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1456 double zero_motion_accumulator = 1.0;
1458 double loop_decay_rate = 1.00;
1459 double last_loop_decay_rate = 1.00;
1461 double this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1462 double mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1463 double abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1464 double mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh;
1465 unsigned int allow_alt_ref = is_altref_enabled(oxcf);
1470 int active_max_gf_interval;
1471 int64_t gf_group_bits;
1472 double gf_group_error_left;
1475 // Reset the GF group data structures unless this is a key
1476 // frame in which case it will already have been done.
1477 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
1478 vp9_zero(twopass->gf_group);
1481 vp9_clear_system_state();
1482 vp9_zero(next_frame);
1486 // Load stats for the current frame.
1487 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1489 // Note the error of the frame at the start of the group. This will be
1490 // the GF frame error if we code a normal gf.
1491 gf_first_frame_err = mod_frame_err;
1493 // If this is a key frame or the overlay from a previous arf then
1494 // the error score / cost of this frame has already been accounted for.
1495 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME || rc->source_alt_ref_active)
1496 gf_group_err -= gf_first_frame_err;
1498 // Motion breakout threshold for loop below depends on image size.
1499 mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh = (cpi->common.width + cpi->common.height) / 10.0;
1501 // Work out a maximum interval for the GF.
1502 // If the image appears completely static we can extend beyond this.
1503 // The value chosen depends on the active Q range. At low Q we have
1504 // bits to spare and are better with a smaller interval and smaller boost.
1505 // At high Q when there are few bits to spare we are better with a longer
1506 // interval to spread the cost of the GF.
1508 active_max_gf_interval =
1509 12 + ((int)vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME]) >> 5);
1511 if (active_max_gf_interval > rc->max_gf_interval)
1512 active_max_gf_interval = rc->max_gf_interval;
1515 while (i < rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval && i < rc->frames_to_key) {
1518 // Accumulate error score of frames in this gf group.
1519 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1520 gf_group_err += mod_frame_err;
1522 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &next_frame))
1525 // Test for the case where there is a brief flash but the prediction
1526 // quality back to an earlier frame is then restored.
1527 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, 0);
1529 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1530 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(&next_frame,
1531 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1532 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1533 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1535 // Accumulate the effect of prediction quality decay.
1536 if (!flash_detected) {
1537 last_loop_decay_rate = loop_decay_rate;
1538 loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common, &next_frame);
1539 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator * loop_decay_rate;
1541 // Monitor for static sections.
1542 if ((next_frame.pcnt_inter - next_frame.pcnt_motion) <
1543 zero_motion_accumulator) {
1544 zero_motion_accumulator = next_frame.pcnt_inter -
1545 next_frame.pcnt_motion;
1548 // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion. For example,
1549 // a static image after a fade or other transition.
1550 if (detect_transition_to_still(twopass, i, 5, loop_decay_rate,
1551 last_loop_decay_rate)) {
1557 // Calculate a boost number for this frame.
1558 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(twopass, &next_frame,
1559 this_frame_mv_in_out);
1561 // Break out conditions.
1563 // Break at active_max_gf_interval unless almost totally static.
1564 (i >= active_max_gf_interval && (zero_motion_accumulator < 0.995)) ||
1566 // Don't break out with a very short interval.
1567 (i > MIN_GF_INTERVAL) &&
1568 ((boost_score > 125.0) || (next_frame.pcnt_inter < 0.75)) &&
1569 (!flash_detected) &&
1570 ((mv_ratio_accumulator > mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh) ||
1571 (abs_mv_in_out_accumulator > 3.0) ||
1572 (mv_in_out_accumulator < -2.0) ||
1573 ((boost_score - old_boost_score) < IIFACTOR)))) {
1574 boost_score = old_boost_score;
1578 *this_frame = next_frame;
1580 old_boost_score = boost_score;
1583 twopass->gf_zeromotion_pct = (int)(zero_motion_accumulator * 1000.0);
1585 // Don't allow a gf too near the next kf.
1586 if ((rc->frames_to_key - i) < MIN_GF_INTERVAL) {
1587 while (i < (rc->frames_to_key + !rc->next_key_frame_forced)) {
1590 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, this_frame))
1593 if (i < rc->frames_to_key) {
1594 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1595 gf_group_err += mod_frame_err;
1600 // Set the interval until the next gf.
1601 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME || rc->source_alt_ref_active)
1602 rc->baseline_gf_interval = i - 1;
1604 rc->baseline_gf_interval = i;
1606 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
1608 // Should we use the alternate reference frame.
1609 if (allow_alt_ref &&
1610 (i < cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames) &&
1611 (i >= MIN_GF_INTERVAL) &&
1612 // For real scene cuts (not forced kfs) don't allow arf very near kf.
1613 (rc->next_key_frame_forced ||
1614 (i <= (rc->frames_to_key - MIN_GF_INTERVAL)))) {
1615 // Calculate the boost for alt ref.
1616 rc->gfu_boost = calc_arf_boost(cpi, 0, (i - 1), (i - 1), &f_boost,
1618 rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 1;
1621 rc->gfu_boost = (int)boost_score;
1622 rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
1625 // Reset the file position.
1626 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
1628 // Calculate the bits to be allocated to the gf/arf group as a whole
1629 gf_group_bits = calculate_total_gf_group_bits(cpi, gf_group_err);
1631 // Calculate the extra bits to be used for boosted frame(s)
1633 int q = rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME];
1634 int boost = (rc->gfu_boost * gfboost_qadjust(q)) / 100;
1636 // Set max and minimum boost and hence minimum allocation.
1637 boost = clamp(boost, 125, (rc->baseline_gf_interval + 1) * 200);
1639 // Calculate the extra bits to be used for boosted frame(s)
1640 gf_arf_bits = calculate_boost_bits(rc->baseline_gf_interval,
1641 boost, gf_group_bits);
1644 // Adjust KF group bits and error remaining.
1645 twopass->kf_group_error_left -= (int64_t)gf_group_err;
1647 // If this is an arf update we want to remove the score for the overlay
1648 // frame at the end which will usually be very cheap to code.
1649 // The overlay frame has already, in effect, been coded so we want to spread
1650 // the remaining bits among the other frames.
1651 // For normal GFs remove the score for the GF itself unless this is
1652 // also a key frame in which case it has already been accounted for.
1653 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1654 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err - mod_frame_err;
1655 } else if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
1656 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err - gf_first_frame_err;
1658 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err;
1661 // Allocate bits to each of the frames in the GF group.
1662 allocate_gf_group_bits(cpi, gf_group_bits, gf_group_error_left, gf_arf_bits);
1664 // Reset the file position.
1665 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
1667 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
1668 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
1669 twopass->section_intra_rating =
1670 calculate_section_intra_ratio(start_pos, twopass->stats_in_end,
1671 rc->baseline_gf_interval);
1675 static int test_candidate_kf(TWO_PASS *twopass,
1676 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *last_frame,
1677 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame,
1678 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) {
1679 int is_viable_kf = 0;
1681 // Does the frame satisfy the primary criteria of a key frame?
1682 // If so, then examine how well it predicts subsequent frames.
1683 if ((this_frame->pcnt_second_ref < 0.10) &&
1684 (next_frame->pcnt_second_ref < 0.10) &&
1685 ((this_frame->pcnt_inter < 0.05) ||
1686 (((this_frame->pcnt_inter - this_frame->pcnt_neutral) < 0.35) &&
1687 ((this_frame->intra_error /
1688 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error)) < 2.5) &&
1689 ((fabs(last_frame->coded_error - this_frame->coded_error) /
1690 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error) > 0.40) ||
1691 (fabs(last_frame->intra_error - this_frame->intra_error) /
1692 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->intra_error) > 0.40) ||
1693 ((next_frame->intra_error /
1694 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame->coded_error)) > 3.5))))) {
1696 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *start_pos = twopass->stats_in;
1697 FIRSTPASS_STATS local_next_frame = *next_frame;
1698 double boost_score = 0.0;
1699 double old_boost_score = 0.0;
1700 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1702 // Examine how well the key frame predicts subsequent frames.
1703 for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
1704 double next_iiratio = (IIKFACTOR1 * local_next_frame.intra_error /
1705 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(local_next_frame.coded_error));
1707 if (next_iiratio > RMAX)
1708 next_iiratio = RMAX;
1710 // Cumulative effect of decay in prediction quality.
1711 if (local_next_frame.pcnt_inter > 0.85)
1712 decay_accumulator *= local_next_frame.pcnt_inter;
1714 decay_accumulator *= (0.85 + local_next_frame.pcnt_inter) / 2.0;
1716 // Keep a running total.
1717 boost_score += (decay_accumulator * next_iiratio);
1719 // Test various breakout clauses.
1720 if ((local_next_frame.pcnt_inter < 0.05) ||
1721 (next_iiratio < 1.5) ||
1722 (((local_next_frame.pcnt_inter -
1723 local_next_frame.pcnt_neutral) < 0.20) &&
1724 (next_iiratio < 3.0)) ||
1725 ((boost_score - old_boost_score) < 3.0) ||
1726 (local_next_frame.intra_error < 200)) {
1730 old_boost_score = boost_score;
1732 // Get the next frame details
1733 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &local_next_frame))
1737 // If there is tolerable prediction for at least the next 3 frames then
1738 // break out else discard this potential key frame and move on
1739 if (boost_score > 30.0 && (i > 3)) {
1742 // Reset the file position
1743 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
1749 return is_viable_kf;
1752 static void find_next_key_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
1754 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1755 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1756 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1757 const FIRSTPASS_STATS first_frame = *this_frame;
1758 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_position = twopass->stats_in;
1759 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
1760 FIRSTPASS_STATS last_frame;
1762 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1763 double zero_motion_accumulator = 1.0;
1764 double boost_score = 0.0;
1765 double kf_mod_err = 0.0;
1766 double kf_group_err = 0.0;
1767 double recent_loop_decay[8] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
1769 vp9_zero(next_frame);
1771 cpi->common.frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
1773 // Reset the GF group data structures.
1774 vp9_zero(twopass->gf_group);
1776 // Is this a forced key frame by interval.
1777 rc->this_key_frame_forced = rc->next_key_frame_forced;
1779 // Clear the alt ref active flag as this can never be active on a key frame.
1780 rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
1782 // KF is always a GF so clear frames till next gf counter.
1783 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = 0;
1785 rc->frames_to_key = 1;
1787 twopass->kf_group_bits = 0; // Total bits available to kf group
1788 twopass->kf_group_error_left = 0; // Group modified error score.
1790 kf_mod_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1792 // Find the next keyframe.
1794 while (twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end &&
1795 rc->frames_to_key < cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
1796 // Accumulate kf group error.
1797 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1799 // Load the next frame's stats.
1800 last_frame = *this_frame;
1801 input_stats(twopass, this_frame);
1803 // Provided that we are not at the end of the file...
1804 if (cpi->oxcf.auto_key &&
1805 lookup_next_frame_stats(twopass, &next_frame) != EOF) {
1806 double loop_decay_rate;
1808 // Check for a scene cut.
1809 if (test_candidate_kf(twopass, &last_frame, this_frame, &next_frame))
1812 // How fast is the prediction quality decaying?
1813 loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common, &next_frame);
1815 // We want to know something about the recent past... rather than
1816 // as used elsewhere where we are concerned with decay in prediction
1817 // quality since the last GF or KF.
1818 recent_loop_decay[i % 8] = loop_decay_rate;
1819 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1820 for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
1821 decay_accumulator *= recent_loop_decay[j];
1823 // Special check for transition or high motion followed by a
1825 if (detect_transition_to_still(twopass, i, cpi->oxcf.key_freq - i,
1826 loop_decay_rate, decay_accumulator))
1829 // Step on to the next frame.
1830 ++rc->frames_to_key;
1832 // If we don't have a real key frame within the next two
1833 // key_freq intervals then break out of the loop.
1834 if (rc->frames_to_key >= 2 * cpi->oxcf.key_freq)
1837 ++rc->frames_to_key;
1842 // If there is a max kf interval set by the user we must obey it.
1843 // We already breakout of the loop above at 2x max.
1844 // This code centers the extra kf if the actual natural interval
1845 // is between 1x and 2x.
1846 if (cpi->oxcf.auto_key &&
1847 rc->frames_to_key > cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
1848 FIRSTPASS_STATS tmp_frame = first_frame;
1850 rc->frames_to_key /= 2;
1852 // Reset to the start of the group.
1853 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
1857 // Rescan to get the correct error data for the forced kf group.
1858 for (i = 0; i < rc->frames_to_key; ++i) {
1859 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, &tmp_frame);
1860 input_stats(twopass, &tmp_frame);
1862 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
1863 } else if (twopass->stats_in == twopass->stats_in_end ||
1864 rc->frames_to_key >= cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
1865 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
1867 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 0;
1870 // Special case for the last key frame of the file.
1871 if (twopass->stats_in >= twopass->stats_in_end) {
1872 // Accumulate kf group error.
1873 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1876 // Calculate the number of bits that should be assigned to the kf group.
1877 if (twopass->bits_left > 0 && twopass->modified_error_left > 0.0) {
1878 // Maximum number of bits for a single normal frame (not key frame).
1879 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, &cpi->oxcf);
1881 // Maximum number of bits allocated to the key frame group.
1882 int64_t max_grp_bits;
1884 // Default allocation based on bits left and relative
1885 // complexity of the section.
1886 twopass->kf_group_bits = (int64_t)(twopass->bits_left *
1887 (kf_group_err / twopass->modified_error_left));
1889 // Clip based on maximum per frame rate defined by the user.
1890 max_grp_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * (int64_t)rc->frames_to_key;
1891 if (twopass->kf_group_bits > max_grp_bits)
1892 twopass->kf_group_bits = max_grp_bits;
1894 twopass->kf_group_bits = 0;
1896 twopass->kf_group_bits = MAX(0, twopass->kf_group_bits);
1898 // Reset the first pass file position.
1899 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
1901 // Scan through the kf group collating various stats used to deteermine
1902 // how many bits to spend on it.
1903 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1905 for (i = 0; i < rc->frames_to_key; ++i) {
1906 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &next_frame))
1909 // Monitor for static sections.
1910 if ((next_frame.pcnt_inter - next_frame.pcnt_motion) <
1911 zero_motion_accumulator) {
1912 zero_motion_accumulator = (next_frame.pcnt_inter -
1913 next_frame.pcnt_motion);
1916 // For the first few frames collect data to decide kf boost.
1917 if (i <= (rc->max_gf_interval * 2)) {
1919 if (next_frame.intra_error > twopass->kf_intra_err_min)
1920 r = (IIKFACTOR2 * next_frame.intra_error /
1921 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame.coded_error));
1923 r = (IIKFACTOR2 * twopass->kf_intra_err_min /
1924 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame.coded_error));
1929 // How fast is prediction quality decaying.
1930 if (!detect_flash(twopass, 0)) {
1931 const double loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common,
1933 decay_accumulator *= loop_decay_rate;
1934 decay_accumulator = MAX(decay_accumulator, MIN_DECAY_FACTOR);
1937 boost_score += (decay_accumulator * r);
1941 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
1943 // Store the zero motion percentage
1944 twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct = (int)(zero_motion_accumulator * 100.0);
1946 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
1947 twopass->section_intra_rating =
1948 calculate_section_intra_ratio(start_position, twopass->stats_in_end,
1951 // Work out how many bits to allocate for the key frame itself.
1952 rc->kf_boost = (int)boost_score;
1954 if (rc->kf_boost < (rc->frames_to_key * 3))
1955 rc->kf_boost = (rc->frames_to_key * 3);
1956 if (rc->kf_boost < MIN_KF_BOOST)
1957 rc->kf_boost = MIN_KF_BOOST;
1959 kf_bits = calculate_boost_bits((rc->frames_to_key - 1),
1960 rc->kf_boost, twopass->kf_group_bits);
1962 twopass->kf_group_bits -= kf_bits;
1964 // Save the bits to spend on the key frame.
1965 twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[0] = kf_bits;
1966 twopass->gf_group.update_type[0] = KF_UPDATE;
1967 twopass->gf_group.rf_level[0] = KF_STD;
1969 // Note the total error score of the kf group minus the key frame itself.
1970 twopass->kf_group_error_left = (int)(kf_group_err - kf_mod_err);
1972 // Adjust the count of total modified error left.
1973 // The count of bits left is adjusted elsewhere based on real coded frame
1975 twopass->modified_error_left -= kf_group_err;
1978 // For VBR...adjustment to the frame target based on error from previous frames
1979 void vbr_rate_correction(int * this_frame_target,
1980 const int64_t vbr_bits_off_target) {
1981 int max_delta = (*this_frame_target * 15) / 100;
1983 // vbr_bits_off_target > 0 means we have extra bits to spend
1984 if (vbr_bits_off_target > 0) {
1985 *this_frame_target +=
1986 (vbr_bits_off_target > max_delta) ? max_delta
1987 : (int)vbr_bits_off_target;
1989 *this_frame_target -=
1990 (vbr_bits_off_target < -max_delta) ? max_delta
1991 : (int)-vbr_bits_off_target;
1995 // Define the reference buffers that will be updated post encode.
1996 void configure_buffer_updates(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
1997 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1999 cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 0;
2000 switch (twopass->gf_group.update_type[twopass->gf_group.index]) {
2002 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2003 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2004 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
2007 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2008 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2009 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2012 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2013 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2014 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2016 case OVERLAY_UPDATE:
2017 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2018 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2019 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2020 cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 1;
2023 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2024 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2025 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
2033 void vp9_rc_get_second_pass_params(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
2034 VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
2035 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
2036 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2038 FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame;
2039 FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame_copy;
2042 LAYER_CONTEXT *lc = NULL;
2043 const int is_spatial_svc = (cpi->use_svc &&
2044 cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers == 1);
2045 if (is_spatial_svc) {
2046 lc = &cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id];
2047 frames_left = (int)(twopass->total_stats.count -
2048 lc->current_video_frame_in_layer);
2050 frames_left = (int)(twopass->total_stats.count -
2051 cm->current_video_frame);
2054 if (!twopass->stats_in)
2057 // If this is an arf frame then we dont want to read the stats file or
2058 // advance the input pointer as we already have what we need.
2059 if (twopass->gf_group.update_type[twopass->gf_group.index] == ARF_UPDATE) {
2061 configure_buffer_updates(cpi);
2062 target_rate = twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[twopass->gf_group.index];
2063 target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2064 rc->base_frame_target = target_rate;
2065 #ifdef LONG_TERM_VBR_CORRECTION
2066 // Correction to rate target based on prior over or under shoot.
2067 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR)
2068 vbr_rate_correction(&target_rate, rc->vbr_bits_off_target);
2070 vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target_rate);
2071 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2075 vp9_clear_system_state();
2077 if (is_spatial_svc && twopass->kf_intra_err_min == 0) {
2078 twopass->kf_intra_err_min = KF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
2079 twopass->gf_intra_err_min = GF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
2082 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
2083 twopass->active_worst_quality = cpi->oxcf.cq_level;
2084 } else if (cm->current_video_frame == 0 ||
2085 (is_spatial_svc && lc->current_video_frame_in_layer == 0)) {
2086 // Special case code for first frame.
2087 const int section_target_bandwidth = (int)(twopass->bits_left /
2089 const int tmp_q = get_twopass_worst_quality(cpi, &twopass->total_left_stats,
2090 section_target_bandwidth);
2091 twopass->active_worst_quality = tmp_q;
2092 rc->ni_av_qi = tmp_q;
2093 rc->avg_q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(tmp_q);
2095 vp9_zero(this_frame);
2096 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &this_frame))
2099 // Local copy of the current frame's first pass stats.
2100 this_frame_copy = this_frame;
2102 // Keyframe and section processing.
2103 if (rc->frames_to_key == 0 ||
2104 (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY)) {
2105 // Define next KF group and assign bits to it.
2106 find_next_key_frame(cpi, &this_frame_copy);
2108 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2111 if (is_spatial_svc) {
2112 if (cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id == 0) {
2113 lc->is_key_frame = (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME);
2115 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2116 lc->is_key_frame = cpi->svc.layer_context[0].is_key_frame;
2118 if (lc->is_key_frame) {
2119 cpi->ref_frame_flags &= (~VP9_LAST_FLAG);
2124 // Define a new GF/ARF group. (Should always enter here for key frames).
2125 if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due == 0) {
2126 define_gf_group(cpi, &this_frame_copy);
2128 if (twopass->gf_zeromotion_pct > 995) {
2129 // As long as max_thresh for encode breakout is small enough, it is ok
2130 // to enable it for show frame, i.e. set allow_encode_breakout to
2131 // ENCODE_BREAKOUT_LIMITED.
2132 if (!cm->show_frame)
2133 cpi->allow_encode_breakout = ENCODE_BREAKOUT_DISABLED;
2135 cpi->allow_encode_breakout = ENCODE_BREAKOUT_LIMITED;
2138 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
2139 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2143 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
2144 if (lookup_next_frame_stats(twopass, &next_frame) != EOF) {
2145 twopass->next_iiratio = (int)(next_frame.intra_error /
2146 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame.coded_error));
2150 configure_buffer_updates(cpi);
2152 target_rate = twopass->gf_group.bit_allocation[twopass->gf_group.index];
2153 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
2154 target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_iframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2156 target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2158 rc->base_frame_target = target_rate;
2159 #ifdef LONG_TERM_VBR_CORRECTION
2160 // Correction to rate target based on prior over or under shoot.
2161 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR)
2162 vbr_rate_correction(&target_rate, rc->vbr_bits_off_target);
2164 vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target_rate);
2166 // Update the total stats remaining structure.
2167 subtract_stats(&twopass->total_left_stats, &this_frame);
2170 void vp9_twopass_postencode_update(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
2171 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2172 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
2173 #ifdef LONG_TERM_VBR_CORRECTION
2174 // In this experimental mode, the VBR correction is done exclusively through
2175 // rc->vbr_bits_off_target. Based on the sign of this value, a limited %
2176 // adjustment is made to the target rate of subsequent frames, to try and
2177 // push it back towards 0. This mode is less likely to suffer from
2178 // extreme behaviour at the end of a clip or group of frames.
2179 const int bits_used = rc->base_frame_target;
2180 rc->vbr_bits_off_target += rc->base_frame_target - rc->projected_frame_size;
2182 // In this mode, VBR correction is acheived by altering bits_left,
2183 // kf_group_bits & gf_group_bits to reflect any deviation from the target
2184 // rate in this frame. This alters the allocation of bits to the
2185 // remaning frames in the group / clip.
2187 // This method can give rise to unstable behaviour near the end of a clip
2188 // or kf/gf group of frames where any accumulated error is corrected over an
2189 // ever decreasing number of frames. Hence we change the balance of target
2190 // vs. actual bitrate gradually as we progress towards the end of the
2191 // sequence in order to mitigate this effect.
2192 const double progress =
2193 (double)(twopass->stats_in - twopass->stats_in_start) /
2194 (twopass->stats_in_end - twopass->stats_in_start);
2195 const int bits_used = (int)(progress * rc->this_frame_target +
2196 (1.0 - progress) * rc->projected_frame_size);
2199 twopass->bits_left = MAX(twopass->bits_left - bits_used, 0);
2201 #ifdef LONG_TERM_VBR_CORRECTION
2202 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME &&
2203 !vp9_is_upper_layer_key_frame(cpi)) {
2205 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME ||
2206 vp9_is_upper_layer_key_frame(cpi)) {
2207 // For key frames kf_group_bits already had the target bits subtracted out.
2208 // So now update to the correct value based on the actual bits used.
2209 twopass->kf_group_bits += rc->this_frame_target - bits_used;
2212 twopass->kf_group_bits -= bits_used;
2214 twopass->kf_group_bits = MAX(twopass->kf_group_bits, 0);
2216 // Increment the gf group index ready for the next frame.
2217 ++twopass->gf_group.index;