2 * Copyright (c) 2010 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
4 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
5 * that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
6 * tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
7 * in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
8 * be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
15 #include "./vpx_scale_rtcd.h"
17 #include "vpx_mem/vpx_mem.h"
18 #include "vpx_scale/vpx_scale.h"
19 #include "vpx_scale/yv12config.h"
21 #include "vp9/common/vp9_entropymv.h"
22 #include "vp9/common/vp9_quant_common.h"
23 #include "vp9/common/vp9_reconinter.h" // vp9_setup_dst_planes()
24 #include "vp9/common/vp9_systemdependent.h"
25 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_aq_variance.h"
26 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_block.h"
27 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodeframe.h"
28 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemb.h"
29 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encodemv.h"
30 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_encoder.h"
31 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_extend.h"
32 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_firstpass.h"
33 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_mcomp.h"
34 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_quantize.h"
35 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_rd.h"
36 #include "vp9/encoder/vp9_variance.h"
41 #define IIKFACTOR1 12.5
42 #define IIKFACTOR2 15.0
45 #define ERR_DIVISOR 150.0
46 #define MIN_DECAY_FACTOR 0.1
47 #define SVC_FACTOR_PT_LOW 0.45
48 #define FACTOR_PT_LOW 0.5
49 #define FACTOR_PT_HIGH 0.9
51 #define KF_MB_INTRA_MIN 150
52 #define GF_MB_INTRA_MIN 100
54 #define DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(x) ((x) < 0 ? (x) - 0.000001 : (x) + 0.000001)
56 #define MIN_KF_BOOST 300
57 #define MIN_GF_INTERVAL 4
59 static void swap_yv12(YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *a, YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *b) {
60 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG temp = *a;
65 static int gfboost_qadjust(int qindex, vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
66 const double q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(qindex, bit_depth);
67 return (int)((0.00000828 * q * q * q) +
72 // Resets the first pass file to the given position using a relative seek from
73 // the current position.
74 static void reset_fpf_position(TWO_PASS *p,
75 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *position) {
76 p->stats_in = position;
79 // Read frame stats at an offset from the current position.
80 static const FIRSTPASS_STATS *read_frame_stats(const TWO_PASS *p, int offset) {
81 if ((offset >= 0 && p->stats_in + offset >= p->stats_in_end) ||
82 (offset < 0 && p->stats_in + offset < p->stats_in_start)) {
86 return &p->stats_in[offset];
89 static int input_stats(TWO_PASS *p, FIRSTPASS_STATS *fps) {
90 if (p->stats_in >= p->stats_in_end)
98 static void output_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
99 struct vpx_codec_pkt_list *pktlist) {
100 struct vpx_codec_cx_pkt pkt;
101 pkt.kind = VPX_CODEC_STATS_PKT;
102 pkt.data.twopass_stats.buf = stats;
103 pkt.data.twopass_stats.sz = sizeof(FIRSTPASS_STATS);
104 vpx_codec_pkt_list_add(pktlist, &pkt);
110 fpfile = fopen("firstpass.stt", "a");
112 fprintf(fpfile, "%12.0f %12.0f %12.0f %12.0f %12.4f %12.4f"
113 "%12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f %12.4f"
114 "%12.0f %12.0f %12.4f %12.0f %12.0f %12.4f\n",
118 stats->sr_coded_error,
121 stats->pcnt_second_ref,
129 stats->mv_in_out_count,
138 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
139 static void output_fpmb_stats(uint8_t *this_frame_mb_stats, VP9_COMMON *cm,
140 struct vpx_codec_pkt_list *pktlist) {
141 struct vpx_codec_cx_pkt pkt;
142 pkt.kind = VPX_CODEC_FPMB_STATS_PKT;
143 pkt.data.firstpass_mb_stats.buf = this_frame_mb_stats;
144 pkt.data.firstpass_mb_stats.sz = cm->MBs * sizeof(uint8_t);
145 vpx_codec_pkt_list_add(pktlist, &pkt);
149 static void zero_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section) {
150 section->frame = 0.0;
151 section->intra_error = 0.0;
152 section->coded_error = 0.0;
153 section->sr_coded_error = 0.0;
154 section->pcnt_inter = 0.0;
155 section->pcnt_motion = 0.0;
156 section->pcnt_second_ref = 0.0;
157 section->pcnt_neutral = 0.0;
159 section->mvr_abs = 0.0;
161 section->mvc_abs = 0.0;
164 section->mv_in_out_count = 0.0;
165 section->new_mv_count = 0.0;
166 section->count = 0.0;
167 section->duration = 1.0;
168 section->spatial_layer_id = 0;
171 static void accumulate_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section,
172 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
173 section->frame += frame->frame;
174 section->spatial_layer_id = frame->spatial_layer_id;
175 section->intra_error += frame->intra_error;
176 section->coded_error += frame->coded_error;
177 section->sr_coded_error += frame->sr_coded_error;
178 section->pcnt_inter += frame->pcnt_inter;
179 section->pcnt_motion += frame->pcnt_motion;
180 section->pcnt_second_ref += frame->pcnt_second_ref;
181 section->pcnt_neutral += frame->pcnt_neutral;
182 section->MVr += frame->MVr;
183 section->mvr_abs += frame->mvr_abs;
184 section->MVc += frame->MVc;
185 section->mvc_abs += frame->mvc_abs;
186 section->MVrv += frame->MVrv;
187 section->MVcv += frame->MVcv;
188 section->mv_in_out_count += frame->mv_in_out_count;
189 section->new_mv_count += frame->new_mv_count;
190 section->count += frame->count;
191 section->duration += frame->duration;
194 static void subtract_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section,
195 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
196 section->frame -= frame->frame;
197 section->intra_error -= frame->intra_error;
198 section->coded_error -= frame->coded_error;
199 section->sr_coded_error -= frame->sr_coded_error;
200 section->pcnt_inter -= frame->pcnt_inter;
201 section->pcnt_motion -= frame->pcnt_motion;
202 section->pcnt_second_ref -= frame->pcnt_second_ref;
203 section->pcnt_neutral -= frame->pcnt_neutral;
204 section->MVr -= frame->MVr;
205 section->mvr_abs -= frame->mvr_abs;
206 section->MVc -= frame->MVc;
207 section->mvc_abs -= frame->mvc_abs;
208 section->MVrv -= frame->MVrv;
209 section->MVcv -= frame->MVcv;
210 section->mv_in_out_count -= frame->mv_in_out_count;
211 section->new_mv_count -= frame->new_mv_count;
212 section->count -= frame->count;
213 section->duration -= frame->duration;
217 // Calculate a modified Error used in distributing bits between easier and
219 static double calculate_modified_err(const TWO_PASS *twopass,
220 const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf,
221 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
222 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const stats = &twopass->total_stats;
223 const double av_err = stats->coded_error / stats->count;
224 const double modified_error = av_err *
225 pow(this_frame->coded_error / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(av_err),
226 oxcf->two_pass_vbrbias / 100.0);
227 return fclamp(modified_error,
228 twopass->modified_error_min, twopass->modified_error_max);
231 // This function returns the maximum target rate per frame.
232 static int frame_max_bits(const RATE_CONTROL *rc,
233 const VP9EncoderConfig *oxcf) {
234 int64_t max_bits = ((int64_t)rc->avg_frame_bandwidth *
235 (int64_t)oxcf->two_pass_vbrmax_section) / 100;
238 else if (max_bits > rc->max_frame_bandwidth)
239 max_bits = rc->max_frame_bandwidth;
241 return (int)max_bits;
244 void vp9_init_first_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
245 zero_stats(&cpi->twopass.total_stats);
248 void vp9_end_first_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
249 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi)) {
251 for (i = 0; i < cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers; ++i) {
252 output_stats(&cpi->svc.layer_context[i].twopass.total_stats,
253 cpi->output_pkt_list);
256 output_stats(&cpi->twopass.total_stats, cpi->output_pkt_list);
260 static vp9_variance_fn_t get_block_variance_fn(BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
273 static unsigned int get_prediction_error(BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
274 const struct buf_2d *src,
275 const struct buf_2d *ref) {
277 const vp9_variance_fn_t fn = get_block_variance_fn(bsize);
278 fn(src->buf, src->stride, ref->buf, ref->stride, &sse);
282 // Refine the motion search range according to the frame dimension
283 // for first pass test.
284 static int get_search_range(const VP9_COMMON *cm) {
286 const int dim = MIN(cm->width, cm->height);
288 while ((dim << sr) < MAX_FULL_PEL_VAL)
293 static void first_pass_motion_search(VP9_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
294 const MV *ref_mv, MV *best_mv,
295 int *best_motion_err) {
296 MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
298 MV ref_mv_full = {ref_mv->row >> 3, ref_mv->col >> 3};
299 int num00, tmp_err, n;
300 const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type;
301 vp9_variance_fn_ptr_t v_fn_ptr = cpi->fn_ptr[bsize];
302 const int new_mv_mode_penalty = 256;
305 int further_steps = (MAX_MVSEARCH_STEPS - 1) - step_param;
306 const int sr = get_search_range(&cpi->common);
310 // Override the default variance function to use MSE.
311 v_fn_ptr.vf = get_block_variance_fn(bsize);
313 // Center the initial step/diamond search on best mv.
314 tmp_err = cpi->diamond_search_sad(x, &cpi->ss_cfg, &ref_mv_full, &tmp_mv,
316 x->sadperbit16, &num00, &v_fn_ptr, ref_mv);
317 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX)
318 tmp_err = vp9_get_mvpred_var(x, &tmp_mv, ref_mv, &v_fn_ptr, 1);
319 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX - new_mv_mode_penalty)
320 tmp_err += new_mv_mode_penalty;
322 if (tmp_err < *best_motion_err) {
323 *best_motion_err = tmp_err;
327 // Carry out further step/diamond searches as necessary.
331 while (n < further_steps) {
337 tmp_err = cpi->diamond_search_sad(x, &cpi->ss_cfg, &ref_mv_full, &tmp_mv,
338 step_param + n, x->sadperbit16,
339 &num00, &v_fn_ptr, ref_mv);
340 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX)
341 tmp_err = vp9_get_mvpred_var(x, &tmp_mv, ref_mv, &v_fn_ptr, 1);
342 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX - new_mv_mode_penalty)
343 tmp_err += new_mv_mode_penalty;
345 if (tmp_err < *best_motion_err) {
346 *best_motion_err = tmp_err;
353 static BLOCK_SIZE get_bsize(const VP9_COMMON *cm, int mb_row, int mb_col) {
354 if (2 * mb_col + 1 < cm->mi_cols) {
355 return 2 * mb_row + 1 < cm->mi_rows ? BLOCK_16X16
358 return 2 * mb_row + 1 < cm->mi_rows ? BLOCK_8X16
363 static int find_fp_qindex(vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
366 for (i = 0; i < QINDEX_RANGE; ++i)
367 if (vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(i, bit_depth) >= 30.0)
370 if (i == QINDEX_RANGE)
376 static void set_first_pass_params(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
377 VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
378 if (!cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame &&
379 (cm->current_video_frame == 0 ||
380 (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY))) {
381 cm->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
383 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
385 // Do not use periodic key frames.
386 cpi->rc.frames_to_key = INT_MAX;
389 void vp9_first_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi, const struct lookahead_entry *source) {
391 MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->mb;
392 VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
393 MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
395 struct macroblock_plane *const p = x->plane;
396 struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = xd->plane;
397 const PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &cpi->pc_root->none;
400 int recon_yoffset, recon_uvoffset;
401 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *const lst_yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
402 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *gld_yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME);
403 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *const new_yv12 = get_frame_new_buffer(cm);
404 int recon_y_stride = lst_yv12->y_stride;
405 int recon_uv_stride = lst_yv12->uv_stride;
406 int uv_mb_height = 16 >> (lst_yv12->y_height > lst_yv12->uv_height);
407 int64_t intra_error = 0;
408 int64_t coded_error = 0;
409 int64_t sr_coded_error = 0;
411 int sum_mvr = 0, sum_mvc = 0;
412 int sum_mvr_abs = 0, sum_mvc_abs = 0;
413 int64_t sum_mvrs = 0, sum_mvcs = 0;
416 int second_ref_count = 0;
417 int intrapenalty = 256;
418 int neutral_count = 0;
419 int new_mv_count = 0;
420 int sum_in_vectors = 0;
422 TWO_PASS *twopass = &cpi->twopass;
423 const MV zero_mv = {0, 0};
424 const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *first_ref_buf = lst_yv12;
425 LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = is_two_pass_svc(cpi) ?
426 &cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id] : NULL;
428 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
429 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
430 vp9_zero_array(cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf, cm->MBs);
434 vp9_clear_system_state();
436 set_first_pass_params(cpi);
437 vp9_set_quantizer(cm, find_fp_qindex(cm->bit_depth));
440 twopass = &lc->twopass;
442 cpi->lst_fb_idx = cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id;
443 cpi->ref_frame_flags = VP9_LAST_FLAG;
445 if (cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers + cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id <
448 cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers + cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id;
449 cpi->ref_frame_flags |= VP9_GOLD_FLAG;
450 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = (lc->current_video_frame_in_layer == 0);
452 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
455 if (lc->current_video_frame_in_layer == 0)
456 cpi->ref_frame_flags = 0;
458 vp9_scale_references(cpi);
460 // Use either last frame or alt frame for motion search.
461 if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_LAST_FLAG) {
462 first_ref_buf = vp9_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
463 if (first_ref_buf == NULL)
464 first_ref_buf = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
467 if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_GOLD_FLAG) {
469 cm->ref_frame_map[get_ref_frame_idx(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME)];
470 const int scaled_idx = cpi->scaled_ref_idx[GOLDEN_FRAME - 1];
472 gld_yv12 = (scaled_idx != ref_idx) ? &cm->frame_bufs[scaled_idx].buf :
473 get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME);
478 recon_y_stride = new_yv12->y_stride;
479 recon_uv_stride = new_yv12->uv_stride;
480 uv_mb_height = 16 >> (new_yv12->y_height > new_yv12->uv_height);
483 (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_LAST_FLAG) ? LAST_FRAME: NONE,
484 (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_GOLD_FLAG) ? GOLDEN_FRAME : NONE);
486 cpi->Source = vp9_scale_if_required(cm, cpi->un_scaled_source,
487 &cpi->scaled_source);
490 vp9_setup_block_planes(&x->e_mbd, cm->subsampling_x, cm->subsampling_y);
492 vp9_setup_src_planes(x, cpi->Source, 0, 0);
493 vp9_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, first_ref_buf, 0, 0, NULL);
494 vp9_setup_dst_planes(xd->plane, new_yv12, 0, 0);
496 xd->mi = cm->mi_grid_visible;
499 vp9_frame_init_quantizer(cpi);
501 for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
502 p[i].coeff = ctx->coeff_pbuf[i][1];
503 p[i].qcoeff = ctx->qcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
504 pd[i].dqcoeff = ctx->dqcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
505 p[i].eobs = ctx->eobs_pbuf[i][1];
509 vp9_init_mv_probs(cm);
510 vp9_initialize_rd_consts(cpi);
512 // Tiling is ignored in the first pass.
513 vp9_tile_init(&tile, cm, 0, 0);
515 for (mb_row = 0; mb_row < cm->mb_rows; ++mb_row) {
516 MV best_ref_mv = {0, 0};
518 // Reset above block coeffs.
519 xd->up_available = (mb_row != 0);
520 recon_yoffset = (mb_row * recon_y_stride * 16);
521 recon_uvoffset = (mb_row * recon_uv_stride * uv_mb_height);
523 // Set up limit values for motion vectors to prevent them extending
524 // outside the UMV borders.
525 x->mv_row_min = -((mb_row * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16);
526 x->mv_row_max = ((cm->mb_rows - 1 - mb_row) * 16)
527 + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16;
529 for (mb_col = 0; mb_col < cm->mb_cols; ++mb_col) {
531 const int use_dc_pred = (mb_col || mb_row) && (!mb_col || !mb_row);
532 double error_weight = 1.0;
533 const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = get_bsize(cm, mb_row, mb_col);
534 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
535 const int mb_index = mb_row * cm->mb_cols + mb_col;
538 vp9_clear_system_state();
540 xd->plane[0].dst.buf = new_yv12->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
541 xd->plane[1].dst.buf = new_yv12->u_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
542 xd->plane[2].dst.buf = new_yv12->v_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
543 xd->left_available = (mb_col != 0);
544 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type = bsize;
545 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
546 set_mi_row_col(xd, &tile,
547 mb_row << 1, num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize],
548 mb_col << 1, num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize],
549 cm->mi_rows, cm->mi_cols);
551 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
552 const int energy = vp9_block_energy(cpi, x, bsize);
553 error_weight = vp9_vaq_inv_q_ratio(energy);
556 // Do intra 16x16 prediction.
558 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mode = DC_PRED;
559 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = use_dc_pred ?
560 (bsize >= BLOCK_16X16 ? TX_16X16 : TX_8X8) : TX_4X4;
561 vp9_encode_intra_block_plane(x, bsize, 0);
562 this_error = vp9_get_mb_ss(x->plane[0].src_diff);
564 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
565 vp9_clear_system_state();
566 this_error = (int)(this_error * error_weight);
569 // Intrapenalty below deals with situations where the intra and inter
570 // error scores are very low (e.g. a plain black frame).
571 // We do not have special cases in first pass for 0,0 and nearest etc so
572 // all inter modes carry an overhead cost estimate for the mv.
573 // When the error score is very low this causes us to pick all or lots of
574 // INTRA modes and throw lots of key frames.
575 // This penalty adds a cost matching that of a 0,0 mv to the intra case.
576 this_error += intrapenalty;
578 // Accumulate the intra error.
579 intra_error += (int64_t)this_error;
581 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
582 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
584 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] = 0;
588 // Set up limit values for motion vectors to prevent them extending
589 // outside the UMV borders.
590 x->mv_col_min = -((mb_col * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16);
591 x->mv_col_max = ((cm->mb_cols - 1 - mb_col) * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16;
593 // Other than for the first frame do a motion search.
594 if ((lc == NULL && cm->current_video_frame > 0) ||
595 (lc != NULL && lc->current_video_frame_in_layer > 0)) {
596 int tmp_err, motion_error, raw_motion_error;
597 // Assume 0,0 motion with no mv overhead.
598 MV mv = {0, 0} , tmp_mv = {0, 0};
599 struct buf_2d unscaled_last_source_buf_2d;
601 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
602 motion_error = get_prediction_error(bsize, &x->plane[0].src,
603 &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
605 // Compute the motion error of the 0,0 motion using the last source
606 // frame as the reference. Skip the further motion search on
607 // reconstructed frame if this error is small.
608 unscaled_last_source_buf_2d.buf =
609 cpi->unscaled_last_source->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
610 unscaled_last_source_buf_2d.stride =
611 cpi->unscaled_last_source->y_stride;
612 raw_motion_error = get_prediction_error(bsize, &x->plane[0].src,
613 &unscaled_last_source_buf_2d);
615 // TODO(pengchong): Replace the hard-coded threshold
616 if (raw_motion_error > 25 || lc != NULL) {
617 // Test last reference frame using the previous best mv as the
618 // starting point (best reference) for the search.
619 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &best_ref_mv, &mv, &motion_error);
620 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
621 vp9_clear_system_state();
622 motion_error = (int)(motion_error * error_weight);
625 // If the current best reference mv is not centered on 0,0 then do a
626 // 0,0 based search as well.
627 if (!is_zero_mv(&best_ref_mv)) {
629 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &zero_mv, &tmp_mv, &tmp_err);
630 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
631 vp9_clear_system_state();
632 tmp_err = (int)(tmp_err * error_weight);
635 if (tmp_err < motion_error) {
636 motion_error = tmp_err;
641 // Search in an older reference frame.
642 if (((lc == NULL && cm->current_video_frame > 1) ||
643 (lc != NULL && lc->current_video_frame_in_layer > 1))
644 && gld_yv12 != NULL) {
645 // Assume 0,0 motion with no mv overhead.
648 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = gld_yv12->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
649 gf_motion_error = get_prediction_error(bsize, &x->plane[0].src,
650 &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
652 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &zero_mv, &tmp_mv,
654 if (cpi->oxcf.aq_mode == VARIANCE_AQ) {
655 vp9_clear_system_state();
656 gf_motion_error = (int)(gf_motion_error * error_weight);
659 if (gf_motion_error < motion_error && gf_motion_error < this_error)
662 // Reset to last frame as reference buffer.
663 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
664 xd->plane[1].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->u_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
665 xd->plane[2].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->v_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
667 // In accumulating a score for the older reference frame take the
668 // best of the motion predicted score and the intra coded error
669 // (just as will be done for) accumulation of "coded_error" for
671 if (gf_motion_error < this_error)
672 sr_coded_error += gf_motion_error;
674 sr_coded_error += this_error;
676 sr_coded_error += motion_error;
679 sr_coded_error += motion_error;
682 // Start by assuming that intra mode is best.
686 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
687 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
688 // intra predication statistics
689 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] = 0;
690 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_DCINTRA_MASK;
691 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK;
692 if (this_error > FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_TH) {
693 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_MASK;
694 } else if (this_error < FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_TH) {
695 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_MASK;
700 if (motion_error <= this_error) {
701 // Keep a count of cases where the inter and intra were very close
702 // and very low. This helps with scene cut detection for example in
703 // cropped clips with black bars at the sides or top and bottom.
704 if (((this_error - intrapenalty) * 9 <= motion_error * 10) &&
705 this_error < 2 * intrapenalty)
710 this_error = motion_error;
711 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mode = NEWMV;
712 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mv[0].as_mv = mv;
713 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = TX_4X4;
714 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
715 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[1] = NONE;
716 vp9_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mb_row << 1, mb_col << 1, bsize);
717 vp9_encode_sby_pass1(x, bsize);
719 sum_mvr_abs += abs(mv.row);
721 sum_mvc_abs += abs(mv.col);
722 sum_mvrs += mv.row * mv.row;
723 sum_mvcs += mv.col * mv.col;
728 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
729 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
730 // inter predication statistics
731 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] = 0;
732 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] &= ~FPMB_DCINTRA_MASK;
733 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK;
734 if (this_error > FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_TH) {
735 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
736 FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_MASK;
737 } else if (this_error < FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_TH) {
738 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
739 FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_MASK;
744 if (!is_zero_mv(&mv)) {
747 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
748 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
749 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] &=
750 ~FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK;
751 // check estimated motion direction
752 if (mv.as_mv.col > 0 && mv.as_mv.col >= abs(mv.as_mv.row)) {
754 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
755 FPMB_MOTION_RIGHT_MASK;
756 } else if (mv.as_mv.row < 0 &&
757 abs(mv.as_mv.row) >= abs(mv.as_mv.col)) {
759 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
761 } else if (mv.as_mv.col < 0 &&
762 abs(mv.as_mv.col) >= abs(mv.as_mv.row)) {
764 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
765 FPMB_MOTION_LEFT_MASK;
768 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
769 FPMB_MOTION_DOWN_MASK;
774 // Non-zero vector, was it different from the last non zero vector?
775 if (!is_equal_mv(&mv, &lastmv))
779 // Does the row vector point inwards or outwards?
780 if (mb_row < cm->mb_rows / 2) {
785 } else if (mb_row > cm->mb_rows / 2) {
792 // Does the col vector point inwards or outwards?
793 if (mb_col < cm->mb_cols / 2) {
798 } else if (mb_col > cm->mb_cols / 2) {
807 sr_coded_error += (int64_t)this_error;
809 coded_error += (int64_t)this_error;
811 // Adjust to the next column of MBs.
812 x->plane[0].src.buf += 16;
813 x->plane[1].src.buf += uv_mb_height;
814 x->plane[2].src.buf += uv_mb_height;
817 recon_uvoffset += uv_mb_height;
820 // Adjust to the next row of MBs.
821 x->plane[0].src.buf += 16 * x->plane[0].src.stride - 16 * cm->mb_cols;
822 x->plane[1].src.buf += uv_mb_height * x->plane[1].src.stride -
823 uv_mb_height * cm->mb_cols;
824 x->plane[2].src.buf += uv_mb_height * x->plane[1].src.stride -
825 uv_mb_height * cm->mb_cols;
827 vp9_clear_system_state();
830 vp9_clear_system_state();
834 fps.frame = cm->current_video_frame;
835 fps.spatial_layer_id = cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id;
836 fps.intra_error = (double)(intra_error >> 8);
837 fps.coded_error = (double)(coded_error >> 8);
838 fps.sr_coded_error = (double)(sr_coded_error >> 8);
840 fps.pcnt_inter = (double)intercount / cm->MBs;
841 fps.pcnt_second_ref = (double)second_ref_count / cm->MBs;
842 fps.pcnt_neutral = (double)neutral_count / cm->MBs;
845 fps.MVr = (double)sum_mvr / mvcount;
846 fps.mvr_abs = (double)sum_mvr_abs / mvcount;
847 fps.MVc = (double)sum_mvc / mvcount;
848 fps.mvc_abs = (double)sum_mvc_abs / mvcount;
849 fps.MVrv = ((double)sum_mvrs - (fps.MVr * fps.MVr / mvcount)) / mvcount;
850 fps.MVcv = ((double)sum_mvcs - (fps.MVc * fps.MVc / mvcount)) / mvcount;
851 fps.mv_in_out_count = (double)sum_in_vectors / (mvcount * 2);
852 fps.new_mv_count = new_mv_count;
853 fps.pcnt_motion = (double)mvcount / cm->MBs;
861 fps.mv_in_out_count = 0.0;
862 fps.new_mv_count = 0.0;
863 fps.pcnt_motion = 0.0;
866 // TODO(paulwilkins): Handle the case when duration is set to 0, or
867 // something less than the full time between subsequent values of
868 // cpi->source_time_stamp.
869 fps.duration = (double)(source->ts_end - source->ts_start);
871 // Don't want to do output stats with a stack variable!
872 twopass->this_frame_stats = fps;
873 output_stats(&twopass->this_frame_stats, cpi->output_pkt_list);
874 accumulate_stats(&twopass->total_stats, &fps);
876 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
877 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
878 output_fpmb_stats(twopass->frame_mb_stats_buf, cm, cpi->output_pkt_list);
883 // Copy the previous Last Frame back into gf and and arf buffers if
884 // the prediction is good enough... but also don't allow it to lag too far.
885 if ((twopass->sr_update_lag > 3) ||
886 ((cm->current_video_frame > 0) &&
887 (twopass->this_frame_stats.pcnt_inter > 0.20) &&
888 ((twopass->this_frame_stats.intra_error /
889 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(twopass->this_frame_stats.coded_error)) > 2.0))) {
890 if (gld_yv12 != NULL) {
891 vp8_yv12_copy_frame(lst_yv12, gld_yv12);
893 twopass->sr_update_lag = 1;
895 ++twopass->sr_update_lag;
898 vp9_extend_frame_borders(new_yv12);
901 vp9_update_reference_frames(cpi);
903 // Swap frame pointers so last frame refers to the frame we just compressed.
904 swap_yv12(lst_yv12, new_yv12);
907 // Special case for the first frame. Copy into the GF buffer as a second
909 if (cm->current_video_frame == 0 && gld_yv12 != NULL && lc == NULL) {
910 vp8_yv12_copy_frame(lst_yv12, gld_yv12);
913 // Use this to see what the first pass reconstruction looks like.
917 snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "enc%04d.yuv",
918 (int)cm->current_video_frame);
920 if (cm->current_video_frame == 0)
921 recon_file = fopen(filename, "wb");
923 recon_file = fopen(filename, "ab");
925 (void)fwrite(lst_yv12->buffer_alloc, lst_yv12->frame_size, 1, recon_file);
929 ++cm->current_video_frame;
931 vp9_inc_frame_in_layer(cpi);
934 static double calc_correction_factor(double err_per_mb,
939 vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
940 const double error_term = err_per_mb / err_divisor;
942 // Adjustment based on actual quantizer to power term.
943 const double power_term =
944 MIN(vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(q, bit_depth) * 0.0125 + pt_low, pt_high);
946 // Calculate correction factor.
947 if (power_term < 1.0)
948 assert(error_term >= 0.0);
950 return fclamp(pow(error_term, power_term), 0.05, 5.0);
953 static int get_twopass_worst_quality(const VP9_COMP *cpi,
954 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
955 int section_target_bandwidth) {
956 const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
957 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
959 if (section_target_bandwidth <= 0) {
960 return rc->worst_quality; // Highest value allowed
962 const int num_mbs = cpi->common.MBs;
963 const double section_err = stats->coded_error / stats->count;
964 const double err_per_mb = section_err / num_mbs;
965 const double speed_term = 1.0 + 0.04 * oxcf->speed;
966 const int target_norm_bits_per_mb = ((uint64_t)section_target_bandwidth <<
967 BPER_MB_NORMBITS) / num_mbs;
969 int is_svc_upper_layer = 0;
970 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi) && cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id > 0)
971 is_svc_upper_layer = 1;
973 // Try and pick a max Q that will be high enough to encode the
974 // content at the given rate.
975 for (q = rc->best_quality; q < rc->worst_quality; ++q) {
976 const double factor =
977 calc_correction_factor(err_per_mb, ERR_DIVISOR,
978 is_svc_upper_layer ? SVC_FACTOR_PT_LOW :
979 FACTOR_PT_LOW, FACTOR_PT_HIGH, q,
980 cpi->common.bit_depth);
981 const int bits_per_mb = vp9_rc_bits_per_mb(INTER_FRAME, q,
983 cpi->common.bit_depth);
984 if (bits_per_mb <= target_norm_bits_per_mb)
988 // Restriction on active max q for constrained quality mode.
989 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CQ)
990 q = MAX(q, oxcf->cq_level);
995 extern void vp9_new_framerate(VP9_COMP *cpi, double framerate);
997 void vp9_init_second_pass(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
998 SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
999 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1000 const int is_two_pass_svc = (svc->number_spatial_layers > 1) ||
1001 (svc->number_temporal_layers > 1);
1002 TWO_PASS *const twopass = is_two_pass_svc ?
1003 &svc->layer_context[svc->spatial_layer_id].twopass : &cpi->twopass;
1005 FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats;
1007 zero_stats(&twopass->total_stats);
1008 zero_stats(&twopass->total_left_stats);
1010 if (!twopass->stats_in_end)
1013 stats = &twopass->total_stats;
1015 *stats = *twopass->stats_in_end;
1016 twopass->total_left_stats = *stats;
1018 frame_rate = 10000000.0 * stats->count / stats->duration;
1019 // Each frame can have a different duration, as the frame rate in the source
1020 // isn't guaranteed to be constant. The frame rate prior to the first frame
1021 // encoded in the second pass is a guess. However, the sum duration is not.
1022 // It is calculated based on the actual durations of all frames from the
1025 if (is_two_pass_svc) {
1026 vp9_update_spatial_layer_framerate(cpi, frame_rate);
1027 twopass->bits_left = (int64_t)(stats->duration *
1028 svc->layer_context[svc->spatial_layer_id].target_bandwidth /
1031 vp9_new_framerate(cpi, frame_rate);
1032 twopass->bits_left = (int64_t)(stats->duration * oxcf->target_bandwidth /
1036 // Calculate a minimum intra value to be used in determining the IIratio
1037 // scores used in the second pass. We have this minimum to make sure
1038 // that clips that are static but "low complexity" in the intra domain
1039 // are still boosted appropriately for KF/GF/ARF.
1040 if (!is_two_pass_svc) {
1041 // We don't know the number of MBs for each layer at this point.
1042 // So we will do it later.
1043 twopass->kf_intra_err_min = KF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
1044 twopass->gf_intra_err_min = GF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
1047 // This variable monitors how far behind the second ref update is lagging.
1048 twopass->sr_update_lag = 1;
1050 // Scan the first pass file and calculate a modified total error based upon
1051 // the bias/power function used to allocate bits.
1053 const double avg_error = stats->coded_error /
1054 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(stats->count);
1055 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *s = twopass->stats_in;
1056 double modified_error_total = 0.0;
1057 twopass->modified_error_min = (avg_error *
1058 oxcf->two_pass_vbrmin_section) / 100;
1059 twopass->modified_error_max = (avg_error *
1060 oxcf->two_pass_vbrmax_section) / 100;
1061 while (s < twopass->stats_in_end) {
1062 modified_error_total += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, s);
1065 twopass->modified_error_left = modified_error_total;
1068 // Reset the vbr bits off target counter
1069 cpi->rc.vbr_bits_off_target = 0;
1072 // This function gives an estimate of how badly we believe the prediction
1073 // quality is decaying from frame to frame.
1074 static double get_prediction_decay_rate(const VP9_COMMON *cm,
1075 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) {
1076 // Look at the observed drop in prediction quality between the last frame
1077 // and the GF buffer (which contains an older frame).
1078 const double mb_sr_err_diff = (next_frame->sr_coded_error -
1079 next_frame->coded_error) / cm->MBs;
1080 const double second_ref_decay = mb_sr_err_diff <= 512.0
1081 ? fclamp(pow(1.0 - (mb_sr_err_diff / 512.0), 0.5), 0.85, 1.0)
1084 return MIN(second_ref_decay, next_frame->pcnt_inter);
1087 // This function gives an estimate of how badly we believe the prediction
1088 // quality is decaying from frame to frame.
1089 static double get_zero_motion_factor(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
1090 const double sr_ratio = frame->coded_error /
1091 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(frame->sr_coded_error);
1092 const double zero_motion_pct = frame->pcnt_inter -
1095 return MIN(sr_ratio, zero_motion_pct);
1099 // Function to test for a condition where a complex transition is followed
1100 // by a static section. For example in slide shows where there is a fade
1101 // between slides. This is to help with more optimal kf and gf positioning.
1102 static int detect_transition_to_still(const TWO_PASS *twopass,
1103 int frame_interval, int still_interval,
1104 double loop_decay_rate,
1105 double last_decay_rate) {
1106 // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion
1107 // For example a static image after a fade or other transition
1108 // instead of a clean scene cut.
1109 if (frame_interval > MIN_GF_INTERVAL &&
1110 loop_decay_rate >= 0.999 &&
1111 last_decay_rate < 0.9) {
1114 // Look ahead a few frames to see if static condition persists...
1115 for (j = 0; j < still_interval; ++j) {
1116 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats = &twopass->stats_in[j];
1117 if (stats >= twopass->stats_in_end)
1120 if (stats->pcnt_inter - stats->pcnt_motion < 0.999)
1124 // Only if it does do we signal a transition to still.
1125 return j == still_interval;
1131 // This function detects a flash through the high relative pcnt_second_ref
1132 // score in the frame following a flash frame. The offset passed in should
1134 static int detect_flash(const TWO_PASS *twopass, int offset) {
1135 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const next_frame = read_frame_stats(twopass, offset);
1137 // What we are looking for here is a situation where there is a
1138 // brief break in prediction (such as a flash) but subsequent frames
1139 // are reasonably well predicted by an earlier (pre flash) frame.
1140 // The recovery after a flash is indicated by a high pcnt_second_ref
1141 // compared to pcnt_inter.
1142 return next_frame != NULL &&
1143 next_frame->pcnt_second_ref > next_frame->pcnt_inter &&
1144 next_frame->pcnt_second_ref >= 0.5;
1147 // Update the motion related elements to the GF arf boost calculation.
1148 static void accumulate_frame_motion_stats(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
1150 double *mv_in_out_accumulator,
1151 double *abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1152 double *mv_ratio_accumulator) {
1153 const double pct = stats->pcnt_motion;
1155 // Accumulate Motion In/Out of frame stats.
1156 *mv_in_out = stats->mv_in_out_count * pct;
1157 *mv_in_out_accumulator += *mv_in_out;
1158 *abs_mv_in_out_accumulator += fabs(*mv_in_out);
1160 // Accumulate a measure of how uniform (or conversely how random) the motion
1161 // field is (a ratio of abs(mv) / mv).
1163 const double mvr_ratio = fabs(stats->mvr_abs) /
1164 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVr));
1165 const double mvc_ratio = fabs(stats->mvc_abs) /
1166 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVc));
1168 *mv_ratio_accumulator += pct * (mvr_ratio < stats->mvr_abs ?
1169 mvr_ratio : stats->mvr_abs);
1170 *mv_ratio_accumulator += pct * (mvc_ratio < stats->mvc_abs ?
1171 mvc_ratio : stats->mvc_abs);
1175 // Calculate a baseline boost number for the current frame.
1176 static double calc_frame_boost(const TWO_PASS *twopass,
1177 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame,
1178 double this_frame_mv_in_out) {
1181 // Underlying boost factor is based on inter intra error ratio.
1182 if (this_frame->intra_error > twopass->gf_intra_err_min)
1183 frame_boost = (IIFACTOR * this_frame->intra_error /
1184 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error));
1186 frame_boost = (IIFACTOR * twopass->gf_intra_err_min /
1187 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error));
1189 // Increase boost for frames where new data coming into frame (e.g. zoom out).
1190 // Slightly reduce boost if there is a net balance of motion out of the frame
1191 // (zoom in). The range for this_frame_mv_in_out is -1.0 to +1.0.
1192 if (this_frame_mv_in_out > 0.0)
1193 frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out * 2.0);
1194 // In the extreme case the boost is halved.
1196 frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out / 2.0);
1198 return MIN(frame_boost, GF_RMAX);
1201 static int calc_arf_boost(VP9_COMP *cpi, int offset,
1202 int f_frames, int b_frames,
1203 int *f_boost, int *b_boost) {
1204 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1206 double boost_score = 0.0;
1207 double mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1208 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1209 double this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1210 double mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1211 double abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1213 int flash_detected = 0;
1215 // Search forward from the proposed arf/next gf position.
1216 for (i = 0; i < f_frames; ++i) {
1217 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame = read_frame_stats(twopass, i + offset);
1218 if (this_frame == NULL)
1221 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1222 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(this_frame,
1223 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1224 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1225 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1227 // We want to discount the flash frame itself and the recovery
1228 // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
1229 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, i + offset) ||
1230 detect_flash(twopass, i + offset + 1);
1232 // Accumulate the effect of prediction quality decay.
1233 if (!flash_detected) {
1234 decay_accumulator *= get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common, this_frame);
1235 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator < MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
1236 ? MIN_DECAY_FACTOR : decay_accumulator;
1239 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(twopass, this_frame,
1240 this_frame_mv_in_out);
1243 *f_boost = (int)boost_score;
1245 // Reset for backward looking loop.
1247 mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1248 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1249 this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1250 mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1251 abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1253 // Search backward towards last gf position.
1254 for (i = -1; i >= -b_frames; --i) {
1255 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame = read_frame_stats(twopass, i + offset);
1256 if (this_frame == NULL)
1259 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1260 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(this_frame,
1261 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1262 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1263 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1265 // We want to discount the the flash frame itself and the recovery
1266 // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
1267 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, i + offset) ||
1268 detect_flash(twopass, i + offset + 1);
1270 // Cumulative effect of prediction quality decay.
1271 if (!flash_detected) {
1272 decay_accumulator *= get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common, this_frame);
1273 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator < MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
1274 ? MIN_DECAY_FACTOR : decay_accumulator;
1277 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(twopass, this_frame,
1278 this_frame_mv_in_out);
1280 *b_boost = (int)boost_score;
1282 arf_boost = (*f_boost + *b_boost);
1283 if (arf_boost < ((b_frames + f_frames) * 20))
1284 arf_boost = ((b_frames + f_frames) * 20);
1289 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
1290 static int calculate_section_intra_ratio(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *begin,
1291 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *end,
1292 int section_length) {
1293 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *s = begin;
1294 double intra_error = 0.0;
1295 double coded_error = 0.0;
1298 while (s < end && i < section_length) {
1299 intra_error += s->intra_error;
1300 coded_error += s->coded_error;
1305 return (int)(intra_error / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(coded_error));
1308 // Calculate the total bits to allocate in this GF/ARF group.
1309 static int64_t calculate_total_gf_group_bits(VP9_COMP *cpi,
1310 double gf_group_err) {
1311 const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1312 const TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1313 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, &cpi->oxcf);
1314 int64_t total_group_bits;
1316 // Calculate the bits to be allocated to the group as a whole.
1317 if ((twopass->kf_group_bits > 0) && (twopass->kf_group_error_left > 0)) {
1318 total_group_bits = (int64_t)(twopass->kf_group_bits *
1319 (gf_group_err / twopass->kf_group_error_left));
1321 total_group_bits = 0;
1324 // Clamp odd edge cases.
1325 total_group_bits = (total_group_bits < 0) ?
1326 0 : (total_group_bits > twopass->kf_group_bits) ?
1327 twopass->kf_group_bits : total_group_bits;
1329 // Clip based on user supplied data rate variability limit.
1330 if (total_group_bits > (int64_t)max_bits * rc->baseline_gf_interval)
1331 total_group_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * rc->baseline_gf_interval;
1333 return total_group_bits;
1336 // Calculate the number bits extra to assign to boosted frames in a group.
1337 static int calculate_boost_bits(int frame_count,
1338 int boost, int64_t total_group_bits) {
1339 int allocation_chunks;
1341 // return 0 for invalid inputs (could arise e.g. through rounding errors)
1342 if (!boost || (total_group_bits <= 0) || (frame_count <= 0) )
1345 allocation_chunks = (frame_count * 100) + boost;
1347 // Prevent overflow.
1349 int divisor = boost >> 10;
1351 allocation_chunks /= divisor;
1354 // Calculate the number of extra bits for use in the boosted frame or frames.
1355 return MAX((int)(((int64_t)boost * total_group_bits) / allocation_chunks), 0);
1358 // Current limit on maximum number of active arfs in a GF/ARF group.
1359 #define MAX_ACTIVE_ARFS 2
1362 // This function indirects the choice of buffers for arfs.
1363 // At the moment the values are fixed but this may change as part of
1364 // the integration process with other codec features that swap buffers around.
1365 static void get_arf_buffer_indices(unsigned char *arf_buffer_indices) {
1366 arf_buffer_indices[0] = ARF_SLOT1;
1367 arf_buffer_indices[1] = ARF_SLOT2;
1370 static void allocate_gf_group_bits(VP9_COMP *cpi, int64_t gf_group_bits,
1371 double group_error, int gf_arf_bits) {
1372 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1373 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1374 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1375 GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &twopass->gf_group;
1376 FIRSTPASS_STATS frame_stats;
1378 int frame_index = 1;
1379 int target_frame_size;
1381 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(&cpi->rc, &cpi->oxcf);
1382 int64_t total_group_bits = gf_group_bits;
1383 double modified_err = 0.0;
1384 double err_fraction;
1385 int mid_boost_bits = 0;
1387 unsigned char arf_buffer_indices[MAX_ACTIVE_ARFS];
1388 int alt_frame_index = frame_index;
1389 int has_temporal_layers = is_two_pass_svc(cpi) &&
1390 cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers > 1;
1392 // Only encode alt reference frame in temporal base layer.
1393 if (has_temporal_layers)
1394 alt_frame_index = cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers;
1396 key_frame = cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME ||
1397 vp9_is_upper_layer_key_frame(cpi);
1399 get_arf_buffer_indices(arf_buffer_indices);
1401 // For key frames the frame target rate is already set and it
1402 // is also the golden frame.
1404 if (rc->source_alt_ref_active) {
1405 gf_group->update_type[0] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1406 gf_group->rf_level[0] = INTER_NORMAL;
1407 gf_group->bit_allocation[0] = 0;
1408 gf_group->arf_update_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1409 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1411 gf_group->update_type[0] = GF_UPDATE;
1412 gf_group->rf_level[0] = GF_ARF_STD;
1413 gf_group->bit_allocation[0] = gf_arf_bits;
1414 gf_group->arf_update_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1415 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1418 // Step over the golden frame / overlay frame
1419 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &frame_stats))
1423 // Deduct the boost bits for arf (or gf if it is not a key frame)
1424 // from the group total.
1425 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending || !key_frame)
1426 total_group_bits -= gf_arf_bits;
1428 // Store the bits to spend on the ARF if there is one.
1429 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1430 gf_group->update_type[alt_frame_index] = ARF_UPDATE;
1431 gf_group->rf_level[alt_frame_index] = GF_ARF_STD;
1432 gf_group->bit_allocation[alt_frame_index] = gf_arf_bits;
1434 if (has_temporal_layers)
1435 gf_group->arf_src_offset[alt_frame_index] =
1436 (unsigned char)(rc->baseline_gf_interval -
1437 cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers);
1439 gf_group->arf_src_offset[alt_frame_index] =
1440 (unsigned char)(rc->baseline_gf_interval - 1);
1442 gf_group->arf_update_idx[alt_frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1443 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[alt_frame_index] =
1444 arf_buffer_indices[cpi->multi_arf_last_grp_enabled &&
1445 rc->source_alt_ref_active];
1446 if (!has_temporal_layers)
1449 if (cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1450 // Set aside a slot for a level 1 arf.
1451 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = ARF_UPDATE;
1452 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = GF_ARF_LOW;
1453 gf_group->arf_src_offset[frame_index] =
1454 (unsigned char)((rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1) - 1);
1455 gf_group->arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[1];
1456 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1461 // Define middle frame
1462 mid_frame_idx = frame_index + (rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1) - 1;
1464 // Allocate bits to the other frames in the group.
1465 for (i = 0; i < rc->baseline_gf_interval - 1; ++i) {
1467 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &frame_stats))
1470 if (has_temporal_layers && frame_index == alt_frame_index) {
1474 modified_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, &frame_stats);
1476 if (group_error > 0)
1477 err_fraction = modified_err / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(group_error);
1481 target_frame_size = (int)((double)total_group_bits * err_fraction);
1483 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending && cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1484 mid_boost_bits += (target_frame_size >> 4);
1485 target_frame_size -= (target_frame_size >> 4);
1487 if (frame_index <= mid_frame_idx)
1490 gf_group->arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[arf_idx];
1491 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[arf_idx];
1493 target_frame_size = clamp(target_frame_size, 0,
1494 MIN(max_bits, (int)total_group_bits));
1496 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = LF_UPDATE;
1497 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = INTER_NORMAL;
1499 gf_group->bit_allocation[frame_index] = target_frame_size;
1504 // We need to configure the frame at the end of the sequence + 1 that will be
1505 // the start frame for the next group. Otherwise prior to the call to
1506 // vp9_rc_get_second_pass_params() the data will be undefined.
1507 gf_group->arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1508 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1510 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1511 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1512 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = INTER_NORMAL;
1514 // Final setup for second arf and its overlay.
1515 if (cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1516 gf_group->bit_allocation[2] =
1517 gf_group->bit_allocation[mid_frame_idx] + mid_boost_bits;
1518 gf_group->update_type[mid_frame_idx] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1519 gf_group->bit_allocation[mid_frame_idx] = 0;
1522 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = GF_UPDATE;
1523 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = GF_ARF_STD;
1526 // Note whether multi-arf was enabled this group for next time.
1527 cpi->multi_arf_last_grp_enabled = cpi->multi_arf_enabled;
1530 // Analyse and define a gf/arf group.
1531 static void define_gf_group(VP9_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
1532 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1533 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1534 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1535 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
1536 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_pos = twopass->stats_in;
1539 double boost_score = 0.0;
1540 double old_boost_score = 0.0;
1541 double gf_group_err = 0.0;
1542 double gf_first_frame_err = 0.0;
1543 double mod_frame_err = 0.0;
1545 double mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1546 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1547 double zero_motion_accumulator = 1.0;
1549 double loop_decay_rate = 1.00;
1550 double last_loop_decay_rate = 1.00;
1552 double this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1553 double mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1554 double abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1555 double mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh;
1556 unsigned int allow_alt_ref = is_altref_enabled(cpi);
1561 int active_max_gf_interval;
1562 int64_t gf_group_bits;
1563 double gf_group_error_left;
1566 // Reset the GF group data structures unless this is a key
1567 // frame in which case it will already have been done.
1568 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
1569 vp9_zero(twopass->gf_group);
1572 vp9_clear_system_state();
1573 vp9_zero(next_frame);
1575 // Load stats for the current frame.
1576 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1578 // Note the error of the frame at the start of the group. This will be
1579 // the GF frame error if we code a normal gf.
1580 gf_first_frame_err = mod_frame_err;
1582 // If this is a key frame or the overlay from a previous arf then
1583 // the error score / cost of this frame has already been accounted for.
1584 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME || rc->source_alt_ref_active)
1585 gf_group_err -= gf_first_frame_err;
1587 // Motion breakout threshold for loop below depends on image size.
1588 mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh = (cpi->common.width + cpi->common.height) / 10.0;
1590 // Work out a maximum interval for the GF group.
1591 // If the image appears almost completely static we can extend beyond this.
1592 if (cpi->multi_arf_allowed) {
1593 active_max_gf_interval = rc->max_gf_interval;
1595 // The value chosen depends on the active Q range. At low Q we have
1596 // bits to spare and are better with a smaller interval and smaller boost.
1597 // At high Q when there are few bits to spare we are better with a longer
1598 // interval to spread the cost of the GF.
1599 active_max_gf_interval =
1600 12 + ((int)vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME],
1601 cpi->common.bit_depth) >> 5);
1603 if (active_max_gf_interval > rc->max_gf_interval)
1604 active_max_gf_interval = rc->max_gf_interval;
1608 while (i < rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval && i < rc->frames_to_key) {
1611 // Accumulate error score of frames in this gf group.
1612 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1613 gf_group_err += mod_frame_err;
1615 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &next_frame))
1618 // Test for the case where there is a brief flash but the prediction
1619 // quality back to an earlier frame is then restored.
1620 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, 0);
1622 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1623 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(&next_frame,
1624 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1625 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1626 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1628 // Accumulate the effect of prediction quality decay.
1629 if (!flash_detected) {
1630 last_loop_decay_rate = loop_decay_rate;
1631 loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common, &next_frame);
1632 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator * loop_decay_rate;
1634 // Monitor for static sections.
1635 zero_motion_accumulator = MIN(zero_motion_accumulator,
1636 get_zero_motion_factor(&next_frame));
1638 // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion. For example,
1639 // a static image after a fade or other transition.
1640 if (detect_transition_to_still(twopass, i, 5, loop_decay_rate,
1641 last_loop_decay_rate)) {
1647 // Calculate a boost number for this frame.
1648 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(twopass, &next_frame,
1649 this_frame_mv_in_out);
1651 // Break out conditions.
1653 // Break at active_max_gf_interval unless almost totally static.
1654 (i >= active_max_gf_interval && (zero_motion_accumulator < 0.995)) ||
1656 // Don't break out with a very short interval.
1657 (i > MIN_GF_INTERVAL) &&
1658 ((boost_score > 125.0) || (next_frame.pcnt_inter < 0.75)) &&
1659 (!flash_detected) &&
1660 ((mv_ratio_accumulator > mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh) ||
1661 (abs_mv_in_out_accumulator > 3.0) ||
1662 (mv_in_out_accumulator < -2.0) ||
1663 ((boost_score - old_boost_score) < IIFACTOR)))) {
1664 boost_score = old_boost_score;
1668 *this_frame = next_frame;
1670 old_boost_score = boost_score;
1673 twopass->gf_zeromotion_pct = (int)(zero_motion_accumulator * 1000.0);
1675 // Don't allow a gf too near the next kf.
1676 if ((rc->frames_to_key - i) < MIN_GF_INTERVAL) {
1677 while (i < (rc->frames_to_key + !rc->next_key_frame_forced)) {
1680 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, this_frame))
1683 if (i < rc->frames_to_key) {
1684 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1685 gf_group_err += mod_frame_err;
1690 // Set the interval until the next gf.
1691 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME || rc->source_alt_ref_active)
1692 rc->baseline_gf_interval = i - 1;
1694 rc->baseline_gf_interval = i;
1696 // Only encode alt reference frame in temporal base layer. So
1697 // baseline_gf_interval should be multiple of a temporal layer group
1698 // (typically the frame distance between two base layer frames)
1699 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi) && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers > 1) {
1700 int count = (1 << (cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers - 1)) - 1;
1701 int new_gf_interval = (rc->baseline_gf_interval + count) & (~count);
1703 for (j = 0; j < new_gf_interval - rc->baseline_gf_interval; ++j) {
1704 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, this_frame))
1706 gf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1708 rc->baseline_gf_interval = new_gf_interval;
1711 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
1713 // Should we use the alternate reference frame.
1714 if (allow_alt_ref &&
1715 (i < cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames) &&
1716 (i >= MIN_GF_INTERVAL) &&
1717 // For real scene cuts (not forced kfs) don't allow arf very near kf.
1718 (rc->next_key_frame_forced ||
1719 (i <= (rc->frames_to_key - MIN_GF_INTERVAL)))) {
1720 // Calculate the boost for alt ref.
1721 rc->gfu_boost = calc_arf_boost(cpi, 0, (i - 1), (i - 1), &f_boost,
1723 rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 1;
1725 // Test to see if multi arf is appropriate.
1726 cpi->multi_arf_enabled =
1727 (cpi->multi_arf_allowed && (rc->baseline_gf_interval >= 6) &&
1728 (zero_motion_accumulator < 0.995)) ? 1 : 0;
1730 rc->gfu_boost = (int)boost_score;
1731 rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
1734 // Reset the file position.
1735 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
1737 // Calculate the bits to be allocated to the gf/arf group as a whole
1738 gf_group_bits = calculate_total_gf_group_bits(cpi, gf_group_err);
1740 // Calculate the extra bits to be used for boosted frame(s)
1742 int q = rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME];
1744 (rc->gfu_boost * gfboost_qadjust(q, cpi->common.bit_depth)) / 100;
1746 // Set max and minimum boost and hence minimum allocation.
1747 boost = clamp(boost, 125, (rc->baseline_gf_interval + 1) * 200);
1749 // Calculate the extra bits to be used for boosted frame(s)
1750 gf_arf_bits = calculate_boost_bits(rc->baseline_gf_interval,
1751 boost, gf_group_bits);
1754 // Adjust KF group bits and error remaining.
1755 twopass->kf_group_error_left -= (int64_t)gf_group_err;
1757 // If this is an arf update we want to remove the score for the overlay
1758 // frame at the end which will usually be very cheap to code.
1759 // The overlay frame has already, in effect, been coded so we want to spread
1760 // the remaining bits among the other frames.
1761 // For normal GFs remove the score for the GF itself unless this is
1762 // also a key frame in which case it has already been accounted for.
1763 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1764 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err - mod_frame_err;
1765 } else if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
1766 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err - gf_first_frame_err;
1768 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err;
1771 // Allocate bits to each of the frames in the GF group.
1772 allocate_gf_group_bits(cpi, gf_group_bits, gf_group_error_left, gf_arf_bits);
1774 // Reset the file position.
1775 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
1777 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
1778 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
1779 twopass->section_intra_rating =
1780 calculate_section_intra_ratio(start_pos, twopass->stats_in_end,
1781 rc->baseline_gf_interval);
1785 static int test_candidate_kf(TWO_PASS *twopass,
1786 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *last_frame,
1787 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame,
1788 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) {
1789 int is_viable_kf = 0;
1791 // Does the frame satisfy the primary criteria of a key frame?
1792 // If so, then examine how well it predicts subsequent frames.
1793 if ((this_frame->pcnt_second_ref < 0.10) &&
1794 (next_frame->pcnt_second_ref < 0.10) &&
1795 ((this_frame->pcnt_inter < 0.05) ||
1796 (((this_frame->pcnt_inter - this_frame->pcnt_neutral) < 0.35) &&
1797 ((this_frame->intra_error /
1798 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error)) < 2.5) &&
1799 ((fabs(last_frame->coded_error - this_frame->coded_error) /
1800 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error) > 0.40) ||
1801 (fabs(last_frame->intra_error - this_frame->intra_error) /
1802 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->intra_error) > 0.40) ||
1803 ((next_frame->intra_error /
1804 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame->coded_error)) > 3.5))))) {
1806 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *start_pos = twopass->stats_in;
1807 FIRSTPASS_STATS local_next_frame = *next_frame;
1808 double boost_score = 0.0;
1809 double old_boost_score = 0.0;
1810 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1812 // Examine how well the key frame predicts subsequent frames.
1813 for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
1814 double next_iiratio = (IIKFACTOR1 * local_next_frame.intra_error /
1815 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(local_next_frame.coded_error));
1817 if (next_iiratio > RMAX)
1818 next_iiratio = RMAX;
1820 // Cumulative effect of decay in prediction quality.
1821 if (local_next_frame.pcnt_inter > 0.85)
1822 decay_accumulator *= local_next_frame.pcnt_inter;
1824 decay_accumulator *= (0.85 + local_next_frame.pcnt_inter) / 2.0;
1826 // Keep a running total.
1827 boost_score += (decay_accumulator * next_iiratio);
1829 // Test various breakout clauses.
1830 if ((local_next_frame.pcnt_inter < 0.05) ||
1831 (next_iiratio < 1.5) ||
1832 (((local_next_frame.pcnt_inter -
1833 local_next_frame.pcnt_neutral) < 0.20) &&
1834 (next_iiratio < 3.0)) ||
1835 ((boost_score - old_boost_score) < 3.0) ||
1836 (local_next_frame.intra_error < 200)) {
1840 old_boost_score = boost_score;
1842 // Get the next frame details
1843 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &local_next_frame))
1847 // If there is tolerable prediction for at least the next 3 frames then
1848 // break out else discard this potential key frame and move on
1849 if (boost_score > 30.0 && (i > 3)) {
1852 // Reset the file position
1853 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
1859 return is_viable_kf;
1862 static void find_next_key_frame(VP9_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
1864 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1865 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1866 GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &twopass->gf_group;
1867 const VP9EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1868 const FIRSTPASS_STATS first_frame = *this_frame;
1869 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_position = twopass->stats_in;
1870 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
1871 FIRSTPASS_STATS last_frame;
1873 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1874 double zero_motion_accumulator = 1.0;
1875 double boost_score = 0.0;
1876 double kf_mod_err = 0.0;
1877 double kf_group_err = 0.0;
1878 double recent_loop_decay[8] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
1880 vp9_zero(next_frame);
1882 cpi->common.frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
1884 // Reset the GF group data structures.
1885 vp9_zero(*gf_group);
1887 // Is this a forced key frame by interval.
1888 rc->this_key_frame_forced = rc->next_key_frame_forced;
1890 // Clear the alt ref active flag and last group multi arf flags as they
1891 // can never be set for a key frame.
1892 rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
1893 cpi->multi_arf_last_grp_enabled = 0;
1895 // KF is always a GF so clear frames till next gf counter.
1896 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = 0;
1898 rc->frames_to_key = 1;
1900 twopass->kf_group_bits = 0; // Total bits available to kf group
1901 twopass->kf_group_error_left = 0; // Group modified error score.
1903 kf_mod_err = calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1905 // Find the next keyframe.
1907 while (twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end &&
1908 rc->frames_to_key < cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
1909 // Accumulate kf group error.
1910 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1912 // Load the next frame's stats.
1913 last_frame = *this_frame;
1914 input_stats(twopass, this_frame);
1916 // Provided that we are not at the end of the file...
1917 if (cpi->oxcf.auto_key && twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end) {
1918 double loop_decay_rate;
1920 // Check for a scene cut.
1921 if (test_candidate_kf(twopass, &last_frame, this_frame,
1925 // How fast is the prediction quality decaying?
1926 loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common,
1929 // We want to know something about the recent past... rather than
1930 // as used elsewhere where we are concerned with decay in prediction
1931 // quality since the last GF or KF.
1932 recent_loop_decay[i % 8] = loop_decay_rate;
1933 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1934 for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
1935 decay_accumulator *= recent_loop_decay[j];
1937 // Special check for transition or high motion followed by a
1939 if (detect_transition_to_still(twopass, i, cpi->oxcf.key_freq - i,
1940 loop_decay_rate, decay_accumulator))
1943 // Step on to the next frame.
1944 ++rc->frames_to_key;
1946 // If we don't have a real key frame within the next two
1947 // key_freq intervals then break out of the loop.
1948 if (rc->frames_to_key >= 2 * cpi->oxcf.key_freq)
1951 ++rc->frames_to_key;
1956 // If there is a max kf interval set by the user we must obey it.
1957 // We already breakout of the loop above at 2x max.
1958 // This code centers the extra kf if the actual natural interval
1959 // is between 1x and 2x.
1960 if (cpi->oxcf.auto_key &&
1961 rc->frames_to_key > cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
1962 FIRSTPASS_STATS tmp_frame = first_frame;
1964 rc->frames_to_key /= 2;
1966 // Reset to the start of the group.
1967 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
1971 // Rescan to get the correct error data for the forced kf group.
1972 for (i = 0; i < rc->frames_to_key; ++i) {
1973 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, &tmp_frame);
1974 input_stats(twopass, &tmp_frame);
1976 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
1977 } else if (twopass->stats_in == twopass->stats_in_end ||
1978 rc->frames_to_key >= cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
1979 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
1981 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 0;
1984 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi) && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers > 1) {
1985 int count = (1 << (cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers - 1)) - 1;
1986 int new_frame_to_key = (rc->frames_to_key + count) & (~count);
1988 for (j = 0; j < new_frame_to_key - rc->frames_to_key; ++j) {
1989 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, this_frame))
1991 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1993 rc->frames_to_key = new_frame_to_key;
1996 // Special case for the last key frame of the file.
1997 if (twopass->stats_in >= twopass->stats_in_end) {
1998 // Accumulate kf group error.
1999 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
2002 // Calculate the number of bits that should be assigned to the kf group.
2003 if (twopass->bits_left > 0 && twopass->modified_error_left > 0.0) {
2004 // Maximum number of bits for a single normal frame (not key frame).
2005 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, &cpi->oxcf);
2007 // Maximum number of bits allocated to the key frame group.
2008 int64_t max_grp_bits;
2010 // Default allocation based on bits left and relative
2011 // complexity of the section.
2012 twopass->kf_group_bits = (int64_t)(twopass->bits_left *
2013 (kf_group_err / twopass->modified_error_left));
2015 // Clip based on maximum per frame rate defined by the user.
2016 max_grp_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * (int64_t)rc->frames_to_key;
2017 if (twopass->kf_group_bits > max_grp_bits)
2018 twopass->kf_group_bits = max_grp_bits;
2020 twopass->kf_group_bits = 0;
2022 twopass->kf_group_bits = MAX(0, twopass->kf_group_bits);
2024 // Reset the first pass file position.
2025 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
2027 // Scan through the kf group collating various stats used to deteermine
2028 // how many bits to spend on it.
2029 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
2031 for (i = 0; i < rc->frames_to_key; ++i) {
2032 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &next_frame))
2035 // Monitor for static sections.
2036 zero_motion_accumulator =MIN(zero_motion_accumulator,
2037 get_zero_motion_factor(&next_frame));
2039 // For the first few frames collect data to decide kf boost.
2040 if (i <= (rc->max_gf_interval * 2)) {
2042 if (next_frame.intra_error > twopass->kf_intra_err_min)
2043 r = (IIKFACTOR2 * next_frame.intra_error /
2044 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame.coded_error));
2046 r = (IIKFACTOR2 * twopass->kf_intra_err_min /
2047 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame.coded_error));
2052 // How fast is prediction quality decaying.
2053 if (!detect_flash(twopass, 0)) {
2054 const double loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(&cpi->common,
2056 decay_accumulator *= loop_decay_rate;
2057 decay_accumulator = MAX(decay_accumulator, MIN_DECAY_FACTOR);
2060 boost_score += (decay_accumulator * r);
2064 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
2066 // Store the zero motion percentage
2067 twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct = (int)(zero_motion_accumulator * 100.0);
2069 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
2070 twopass->section_intra_rating =
2071 calculate_section_intra_ratio(start_position, twopass->stats_in_end,
2074 // Work out how many bits to allocate for the key frame itself.
2075 rc->kf_boost = (int)boost_score;
2077 if (rc->kf_boost < (rc->frames_to_key * 3))
2078 rc->kf_boost = (rc->frames_to_key * 3);
2079 if (rc->kf_boost < MIN_KF_BOOST)
2080 rc->kf_boost = MIN_KF_BOOST;
2082 kf_bits = calculate_boost_bits((rc->frames_to_key - 1),
2083 rc->kf_boost, twopass->kf_group_bits);
2085 twopass->kf_group_bits -= kf_bits;
2087 // Save the bits to spend on the key frame.
2088 gf_group->bit_allocation[0] = kf_bits;
2089 gf_group->update_type[0] = KF_UPDATE;
2090 gf_group->rf_level[0] = KF_STD;
2092 // Note the total error score of the kf group minus the key frame itself.
2093 twopass->kf_group_error_left = (int)(kf_group_err - kf_mod_err);
2095 // Adjust the count of total modified error left.
2096 // The count of bits left is adjusted elsewhere based on real coded frame
2098 twopass->modified_error_left -= kf_group_err;
2101 // For VBR...adjustment to the frame target based on error from previous frames
2102 void vbr_rate_correction(int * this_frame_target,
2103 const int64_t vbr_bits_off_target) {
2104 int max_delta = (*this_frame_target * 15) / 100;
2106 // vbr_bits_off_target > 0 means we have extra bits to spend
2107 if (vbr_bits_off_target > 0) {
2108 *this_frame_target +=
2109 (vbr_bits_off_target > max_delta) ? max_delta
2110 : (int)vbr_bits_off_target;
2112 *this_frame_target -=
2113 (vbr_bits_off_target < -max_delta) ? max_delta
2114 : (int)-vbr_bits_off_target;
2118 // Define the reference buffers that will be updated post encode.
2119 void configure_buffer_updates(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
2120 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2122 cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 0;
2123 switch (twopass->gf_group.update_type[twopass->gf_group.index]) {
2125 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2126 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2127 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
2130 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2131 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2132 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2135 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2136 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2137 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2139 case OVERLAY_UPDATE:
2140 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2141 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2142 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2143 cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 1;
2146 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2147 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2148 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
2154 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi)) {
2155 if (cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id > 0) {
2156 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2157 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2159 if (cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id].gold_ref_idx < 0)
2160 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2161 if (cpi->alt_ref_source == NULL)
2162 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2167 void vp9_rc_get_second_pass_params(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
2168 VP9_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
2169 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
2170 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2171 GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &twopass->gf_group;
2173 FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame;
2174 FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame_copy;
2177 LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = is_two_pass_svc(cpi) ?
2178 &cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id] : 0;
2181 frames_left = (int)(twopass->total_stats.count -
2182 lc->current_video_frame_in_layer);
2184 frames_left = (int)(twopass->total_stats.count -
2185 cm->current_video_frame);
2188 if (!twopass->stats_in)
2191 // If this is an arf frame then we dont want to read the stats file or
2192 // advance the input pointer as we already have what we need.
2193 if (gf_group->update_type[gf_group->index] == ARF_UPDATE) {
2195 configure_buffer_updates(cpi);
2196 target_rate = gf_group->bit_allocation[gf_group->index];
2197 target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2198 rc->base_frame_target = target_rate;
2200 // Correction to rate target based on prior over or under shoot.
2201 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR)
2202 vbr_rate_correction(&target_rate, rc->vbr_bits_off_target);
2204 vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target_rate);
2205 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2208 if (cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id == 0) {
2209 lc->is_key_frame = 0;
2211 lc->is_key_frame = cpi->svc.layer_context[0].is_key_frame;
2213 if (lc->is_key_frame)
2214 cpi->ref_frame_flags &= (~VP9_LAST_FLAG);
2221 vp9_clear_system_state();
2223 if (lc != NULL && twopass->kf_intra_err_min == 0) {
2224 twopass->kf_intra_err_min = KF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
2225 twopass->gf_intra_err_min = GF_MB_INTRA_MIN * cpi->common.MBs;
2228 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
2229 twopass->active_worst_quality = cpi->oxcf.cq_level;
2230 } else if (cm->current_video_frame == 0 ||
2231 (lc != NULL && lc->current_video_frame_in_layer == 0)) {
2232 // Special case code for first frame.
2233 const int section_target_bandwidth = (int)(twopass->bits_left /
2235 const int tmp_q = get_twopass_worst_quality(cpi, &twopass->total_left_stats,
2236 section_target_bandwidth);
2237 twopass->active_worst_quality = tmp_q;
2238 rc->ni_av_qi = tmp_q;
2239 rc->avg_q = vp9_convert_qindex_to_q(tmp_q, cm->bit_depth);
2241 vp9_zero(this_frame);
2242 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &this_frame))
2245 // Local copy of the current frame's first pass stats.
2246 this_frame_copy = this_frame;
2248 // Keyframe and section processing.
2249 if (rc->frames_to_key == 0 ||
2250 (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY)) {
2251 // Define next KF group and assign bits to it.
2252 find_next_key_frame(cpi, &this_frame_copy);
2254 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2258 if (cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id == 0) {
2259 lc->is_key_frame = (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME);
2260 if (lc->is_key_frame) {
2261 cpi->ref_frame_flags &=
2262 (~VP9_LAST_FLAG & ~VP9_GOLD_FLAG & ~VP9_ALT_FLAG);
2263 lc->frames_from_key_frame = 0;
2266 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2267 lc->is_key_frame = cpi->svc.layer_context[0].is_key_frame;
2269 if (lc->is_key_frame) {
2270 cpi->ref_frame_flags &= (~VP9_LAST_FLAG);
2271 lc->frames_from_key_frame = 0;
2276 // Define a new GF/ARF group. (Should always enter here for key frames).
2277 if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due == 0) {
2278 define_gf_group(cpi, &this_frame_copy);
2280 if (twopass->gf_zeromotion_pct > 995) {
2281 // As long as max_thresh for encode breakout is small enough, it is ok
2282 // to enable it for show frame, i.e. set allow_encode_breakout to
2283 // ENCODE_BREAKOUT_LIMITED.
2284 if (!cm->show_frame)
2285 cpi->allow_encode_breakout = ENCODE_BREAKOUT_DISABLED;
2287 cpi->allow_encode_breakout = ENCODE_BREAKOUT_LIMITED;
2290 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
2292 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2295 configure_buffer_updates(cpi);
2297 target_rate = gf_group->bit_allocation[gf_group->index];
2298 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
2299 target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_iframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2301 target_rate = vp9_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2303 rc->base_frame_target = target_rate;
2305 // Correction to rate target based on prior over or under shoot.
2306 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_VBR)
2307 vbr_rate_correction(&target_rate, rc->vbr_bits_off_target);
2309 vp9_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target_rate);
2311 // Update the total stats remaining structure.
2312 subtract_stats(&twopass->total_left_stats, &this_frame);
2315 void vp9_twopass_postencode_update(VP9_COMP *cpi) {
2316 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2317 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
2319 // VBR correction is done through rc->vbr_bits_off_target. Based on the
2320 // sign of this value, a limited % adjustment is made to the target rate
2321 // of subsequent frames, to try and push it back towards 0. This method
2322 // is designed to prevent extreme behaviour at the end of a clip
2323 // or group of frames.
2324 const int bits_used = rc->base_frame_target;
2325 rc->vbr_bits_off_target += rc->base_frame_target - rc->projected_frame_size;
2327 twopass->bits_left = MAX(twopass->bits_left - bits_used, 0);
2329 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME &&
2330 !vp9_is_upper_layer_key_frame(cpi)) {
2331 twopass->kf_group_bits -= bits_used;
2333 twopass->kf_group_bits = MAX(twopass->kf_group_bits, 0);
2335 // Increment the gf group index ready for the next frame.
2336 ++twopass->gf_group.index;