2 * Copyright (c) 2010 The WebM project authors. All Rights Reserved.
4 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
5 * that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
6 * tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
7 * in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
8 * be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
15 #include "./vpx_dsp_rtcd.h"
16 #include "./vpx_scale_rtcd.h"
18 #include "vpx_mem/vpx_mem.h"
19 #include "vpx_ports/mem.h"
20 #include "vpx_ports/system_state.h"
21 #include "vpx_scale/vpx_scale.h"
22 #include "vpx_scale/yv12config.h"
24 #include "vp10/common/entropymv.h"
25 #include "vp10/common/quant_common.h"
26 #include "vp10/common/reconinter.h" // vp10_setup_dst_planes()
27 #include "vp10/encoder/aq_variance.h"
28 #include "vp10/encoder/block.h"
29 #include "vp10/encoder/encodeframe.h"
30 #include "vp10/encoder/encodemb.h"
31 #include "vp10/encoder/encodemv.h"
32 #include "vp10/encoder/encoder.h"
33 #include "vp10/encoder/extend.h"
34 #include "vp10/encoder/firstpass.h"
35 #include "vp10/encoder/mcomp.h"
36 #include "vp10/encoder/quantize.h"
37 #include "vp10/encoder/rd.h"
38 #include "vpx_dsp/variance.h"
41 #define ARF_STATS_OUTPUT 0
43 #define GROUP_ADAPTIVE_MAXQ 1
45 #define BOOST_BREAKOUT 12.5
46 #define BOOST_FACTOR 12.5
47 #define ERR_DIVISOR 128.0
48 #define FACTOR_PT_LOW 0.70
49 #define FACTOR_PT_HIGH 0.90
50 #define FIRST_PASS_Q 10.0
51 #define GF_MAX_BOOST 96.0
52 #define INTRA_MODE_PENALTY 1024
53 #define KF_MAX_BOOST 128.0
54 #define MIN_ARF_GF_BOOST 240
55 #define MIN_DECAY_FACTOR 0.01
56 #define MIN_KF_BOOST 300
57 #define NEW_MV_MODE_PENALTY 32
58 #define SVC_FACTOR_PT_LOW 0.45
59 #define DARK_THRESH 64
60 #define DEFAULT_GRP_WEIGHT 1.0
61 #define RC_FACTOR_MIN 0.75
62 #define RC_FACTOR_MAX 1.75
65 #define NCOUNT_INTRA_THRESH 8192
66 #define NCOUNT_INTRA_FACTOR 3
67 #define NCOUNT_FRAME_II_THRESH 5.0
69 #define DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(x) ((x) < 0 ? (x) - 0.000001 : (x) + 0.000001)
72 unsigned int arf_count = 0;
75 // Resets the first pass file to the given position using a relative seek from
76 // the current position.
77 static void reset_fpf_position(TWO_PASS *p,
78 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *position) {
79 p->stats_in = position;
82 // Read frame stats at an offset from the current position.
83 static const FIRSTPASS_STATS *read_frame_stats(const TWO_PASS *p, int offset) {
84 if ((offset >= 0 && p->stats_in + offset >= p->stats_in_end) ||
85 (offset < 0 && p->stats_in + offset < p->stats_in_start)) {
89 return &p->stats_in[offset];
92 static int input_stats(TWO_PASS *p, FIRSTPASS_STATS *fps) {
93 if (p->stats_in >= p->stats_in_end)
101 static void output_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
102 struct vpx_codec_pkt_list *pktlist) {
103 struct vpx_codec_cx_pkt pkt;
104 pkt.kind = VPX_CODEC_STATS_PKT;
105 pkt.data.twopass_stats.buf = stats;
106 pkt.data.twopass_stats.sz = sizeof(FIRSTPASS_STATS);
107 vpx_codec_pkt_list_add(pktlist, &pkt);
113 fpfile = fopen("firstpass.stt", "a");
115 fprintf(fpfile, "%12.0lf %12.4lf %12.0lf %12.0lf %12.0lf %12.4lf %12.4lf"
116 "%12.4lf %12.4lf %12.4lf %12.4lf %12.4lf %12.4lf %12.4lf %12.4lf"
117 "%12.4lf %12.4lf %12.0lf %12.0lf %12.0lf %12.4lf\n",
122 stats->sr_coded_error,
125 stats->pcnt_second_ref,
127 stats->intra_skip_pct,
128 stats->inactive_zone_rows,
129 stats->inactive_zone_cols,
136 stats->mv_in_out_count,
145 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
146 static void output_fpmb_stats(uint8_t *this_frame_mb_stats,
148 struct vpx_codec_pkt_list *pktlist) {
149 struct vpx_codec_cx_pkt pkt;
150 pkt.kind = VPX_CODEC_FPMB_STATS_PKT;
151 pkt.data.firstpass_mb_stats.buf = this_frame_mb_stats;
152 pkt.data.firstpass_mb_stats.sz = cm->initial_mbs * sizeof(uint8_t);
153 vpx_codec_pkt_list_add(pktlist, &pkt);
157 static void zero_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section) {
158 section->frame = 0.0;
159 section->weight = 0.0;
160 section->intra_error = 0.0;
161 section->coded_error = 0.0;
162 section->sr_coded_error = 0.0;
163 section->pcnt_inter = 0.0;
164 section->pcnt_motion = 0.0;
165 section->pcnt_second_ref = 0.0;
166 section->pcnt_neutral = 0.0;
167 section->intra_skip_pct = 0.0;
168 section->inactive_zone_rows = 0.0;
169 section->inactive_zone_cols = 0.0;
171 section->mvr_abs = 0.0;
173 section->mvc_abs = 0.0;
176 section->mv_in_out_count = 0.0;
177 section->new_mv_count = 0.0;
178 section->count = 0.0;
179 section->duration = 1.0;
180 section->spatial_layer_id = 0;
183 static void accumulate_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section,
184 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
185 section->frame += frame->frame;
186 section->weight += frame->weight;
187 section->spatial_layer_id = frame->spatial_layer_id;
188 section->intra_error += frame->intra_error;
189 section->coded_error += frame->coded_error;
190 section->sr_coded_error += frame->sr_coded_error;
191 section->pcnt_inter += frame->pcnt_inter;
192 section->pcnt_motion += frame->pcnt_motion;
193 section->pcnt_second_ref += frame->pcnt_second_ref;
194 section->pcnt_neutral += frame->pcnt_neutral;
195 section->intra_skip_pct += frame->intra_skip_pct;
196 section->inactive_zone_rows += frame->inactive_zone_rows;
197 section->inactive_zone_cols += frame->inactive_zone_cols;
198 section->MVr += frame->MVr;
199 section->mvr_abs += frame->mvr_abs;
200 section->MVc += frame->MVc;
201 section->mvc_abs += frame->mvc_abs;
202 section->MVrv += frame->MVrv;
203 section->MVcv += frame->MVcv;
204 section->mv_in_out_count += frame->mv_in_out_count;
205 section->new_mv_count += frame->new_mv_count;
206 section->count += frame->count;
207 section->duration += frame->duration;
210 static void subtract_stats(FIRSTPASS_STATS *section,
211 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
212 section->frame -= frame->frame;
213 section->weight -= frame->weight;
214 section->intra_error -= frame->intra_error;
215 section->coded_error -= frame->coded_error;
216 section->sr_coded_error -= frame->sr_coded_error;
217 section->pcnt_inter -= frame->pcnt_inter;
218 section->pcnt_motion -= frame->pcnt_motion;
219 section->pcnt_second_ref -= frame->pcnt_second_ref;
220 section->pcnt_neutral -= frame->pcnt_neutral;
221 section->intra_skip_pct -= frame->intra_skip_pct;
222 section->inactive_zone_rows -= frame->inactive_zone_rows;
223 section->inactive_zone_cols -= frame->inactive_zone_cols;
224 section->MVr -= frame->MVr;
225 section->mvr_abs -= frame->mvr_abs;
226 section->MVc -= frame->MVc;
227 section->mvc_abs -= frame->mvc_abs;
228 section->MVrv -= frame->MVrv;
229 section->MVcv -= frame->MVcv;
230 section->mv_in_out_count -= frame->mv_in_out_count;
231 section->new_mv_count -= frame->new_mv_count;
232 section->count -= frame->count;
233 section->duration -= frame->duration;
236 // Calculate an active area of the image that discounts formatting
237 // bars and partially discounts other 0 energy areas.
238 #define MIN_ACTIVE_AREA 0.5
239 #define MAX_ACTIVE_AREA 1.0
240 static double calculate_active_area(const VP10_COMP *cpi,
241 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame)
246 ((this_frame->intra_skip_pct / 2) +
247 ((this_frame->inactive_zone_rows * 2) / (double)cpi->common.mb_rows));
248 return fclamp(active_pct, MIN_ACTIVE_AREA, MAX_ACTIVE_AREA);
251 // Calculate a modified Error used in distributing bits between easier and
253 #define ACT_AREA_CORRECTION 0.5
254 static double calculate_modified_err(const VP10_COMP *cpi,
255 const TWO_PASS *twopass,
256 const VP10EncoderConfig *oxcf,
257 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
258 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const stats = &twopass->total_stats;
259 const double av_weight = stats->weight / stats->count;
260 const double av_err = (stats->coded_error * av_weight) / stats->count;
261 double modified_error =
262 av_err * pow(this_frame->coded_error * this_frame->weight /
263 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(av_err), oxcf->two_pass_vbrbias / 100.0);
265 // Correction for active area. Frames with a reduced active area
266 // (eg due to formatting bars) have a higher error per mb for the
267 // remaining active MBs. The correction here assumes that coding
268 // 0.5N blocks of complexity 2X is a little easier than coding N
269 // blocks of complexity X.
271 pow(calculate_active_area(cpi, this_frame), ACT_AREA_CORRECTION);
273 return fclamp(modified_error,
274 twopass->modified_error_min, twopass->modified_error_max);
277 // This function returns the maximum target rate per frame.
278 static int frame_max_bits(const RATE_CONTROL *rc,
279 const VP10EncoderConfig *oxcf) {
280 int64_t max_bits = ((int64_t)rc->avg_frame_bandwidth *
281 (int64_t)oxcf->two_pass_vbrmax_section) / 100;
284 else if (max_bits > rc->max_frame_bandwidth)
285 max_bits = rc->max_frame_bandwidth;
287 return (int)max_bits;
290 void vp10_init_first_pass(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
291 zero_stats(&cpi->twopass.total_stats);
294 void vp10_end_first_pass(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
295 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi)) {
297 for (i = 0; i < cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers; ++i) {
298 output_stats(&cpi->svc.layer_context[i].twopass.total_stats,
299 cpi->output_pkt_list);
302 output_stats(&cpi->twopass.total_stats, cpi->output_pkt_list);
306 static vpx_variance_fn_t get_block_variance_fn(BLOCK_SIZE bsize) {
319 static unsigned int get_prediction_error(BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
320 const struct buf_2d *src,
321 const struct buf_2d *ref) {
323 const vpx_variance_fn_t fn = get_block_variance_fn(bsize);
324 fn(src->buf, src->stride, ref->buf, ref->stride, &sse);
328 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
329 static vpx_variance_fn_t highbd_get_block_variance_fn(BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
335 return vpx_highbd_8_mse8x8;
337 return vpx_highbd_8_mse16x8;
339 return vpx_highbd_8_mse8x16;
341 return vpx_highbd_8_mse16x16;
347 return vpx_highbd_10_mse8x8;
349 return vpx_highbd_10_mse16x8;
351 return vpx_highbd_10_mse8x16;
353 return vpx_highbd_10_mse16x16;
359 return vpx_highbd_12_mse8x8;
361 return vpx_highbd_12_mse16x8;
363 return vpx_highbd_12_mse8x16;
365 return vpx_highbd_12_mse16x16;
371 static unsigned int highbd_get_prediction_error(BLOCK_SIZE bsize,
372 const struct buf_2d *src,
373 const struct buf_2d *ref,
376 const vpx_variance_fn_t fn = highbd_get_block_variance_fn(bsize, bd);
377 fn(src->buf, src->stride, ref->buf, ref->stride, &sse);
380 #endif // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
382 // Refine the motion search range according to the frame dimension
383 // for first pass test.
384 static int get_search_range(const VP10_COMP *cpi) {
386 const int dim = MIN(cpi->initial_width, cpi->initial_height);
388 while ((dim << sr) < MAX_FULL_PEL_VAL)
393 static void first_pass_motion_search(VP10_COMP *cpi, MACROBLOCK *x,
394 const MV *ref_mv, MV *best_mv,
395 int *best_motion_err) {
396 MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
398 MV ref_mv_full = {ref_mv->row >> 3, ref_mv->col >> 3};
399 int num00, tmp_err, n;
400 const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type;
401 vp9_variance_fn_ptr_t v_fn_ptr = cpi->fn_ptr[bsize];
402 const int new_mv_mode_penalty = NEW_MV_MODE_PENALTY;
405 int further_steps = (MAX_MVSEARCH_STEPS - 1) - step_param;
406 const int sr = get_search_range(cpi);
410 // Override the default variance function to use MSE.
411 v_fn_ptr.vf = get_block_variance_fn(bsize);
412 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
413 if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
414 v_fn_ptr.vf = highbd_get_block_variance_fn(bsize, xd->bd);
416 #endif // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
418 // Center the initial step/diamond search on best mv.
419 tmp_err = cpi->diamond_search_sad(x, &cpi->ss_cfg, &ref_mv_full, &tmp_mv,
421 x->sadperbit16, &num00, &v_fn_ptr, ref_mv);
422 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX)
423 tmp_err = vp10_get_mvpred_var(x, &tmp_mv, ref_mv, &v_fn_ptr, 1);
424 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX - new_mv_mode_penalty)
425 tmp_err += new_mv_mode_penalty;
427 if (tmp_err < *best_motion_err) {
428 *best_motion_err = tmp_err;
432 // Carry out further step/diamond searches as necessary.
436 while (n < further_steps) {
442 tmp_err = cpi->diamond_search_sad(x, &cpi->ss_cfg, &ref_mv_full, &tmp_mv,
443 step_param + n, x->sadperbit16,
444 &num00, &v_fn_ptr, ref_mv);
445 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX)
446 tmp_err = vp10_get_mvpred_var(x, &tmp_mv, ref_mv, &v_fn_ptr, 1);
447 if (tmp_err < INT_MAX - new_mv_mode_penalty)
448 tmp_err += new_mv_mode_penalty;
450 if (tmp_err < *best_motion_err) {
451 *best_motion_err = tmp_err;
458 static BLOCK_SIZE get_bsize(const VP10_COMMON *cm, int mb_row, int mb_col) {
459 if (2 * mb_col + 1 < cm->mi_cols) {
460 return 2 * mb_row + 1 < cm->mi_rows ? BLOCK_16X16
463 return 2 * mb_row + 1 < cm->mi_rows ? BLOCK_8X16
468 static int find_fp_qindex(vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
471 for (i = 0; i < QINDEX_RANGE; ++i)
472 if (vp10_convert_qindex_to_q(i, bit_depth) >= FIRST_PASS_Q)
475 if (i == QINDEX_RANGE)
481 static void set_first_pass_params(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
482 VP10_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
483 if (!cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame &&
484 (cm->current_video_frame == 0 ||
485 (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY))) {
486 cm->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
488 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
490 // Do not use periodic key frames.
491 cpi->rc.frames_to_key = INT_MAX;
494 #define UL_INTRA_THRESH 50
495 #define INVALID_ROW -1
496 void vp10_first_pass(VP10_COMP *cpi, const struct lookahead_entry *source) {
498 MACROBLOCK *const x = &cpi->td.mb;
499 VP10_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
500 MACROBLOCKD *const xd = &x->e_mbd;
502 struct macroblock_plane *const p = x->plane;
503 struct macroblockd_plane *const pd = xd->plane;
504 const PICK_MODE_CONTEXT *ctx = &cpi->td.pc_root->none;
507 int recon_yoffset, recon_uvoffset;
508 int64_t intra_error = 0;
509 int64_t coded_error = 0;
510 int64_t sr_coded_error = 0;
512 int sum_mvr = 0, sum_mvc = 0;
513 int sum_mvr_abs = 0, sum_mvc_abs = 0;
514 int64_t sum_mvrs = 0, sum_mvcs = 0;
517 int second_ref_count = 0;
518 const int intrapenalty = INTRA_MODE_PENALTY;
519 double neutral_count;
520 int intra_skip_count = 0;
521 int image_data_start_row = INVALID_ROW;
522 int new_mv_count = 0;
523 int sum_in_vectors = 0;
525 TWO_PASS *twopass = &cpi->twopass;
526 const MV zero_mv = {0, 0};
527 int recon_y_stride, recon_uv_stride, uv_mb_height;
529 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *const lst_yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
530 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *gld_yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME);
531 YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *const new_yv12 = get_frame_new_buffer(cm);
532 const YV12_BUFFER_CONFIG *first_ref_buf = lst_yv12;
534 LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = is_two_pass_svc(cpi) ?
535 &cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id] : NULL;
537 double brightness_factor;
538 BufferPool *const pool = cm->buffer_pool;
540 // First pass code requires valid last and new frame buffers.
541 assert(new_yv12 != NULL);
542 assert((lc != NULL) || frame_is_intra_only(cm) || (lst_yv12 != NULL));
544 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
545 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
546 vp10_zero_array(cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf, cm->initial_mbs);
550 vpx_clear_system_state();
553 brightness_factor = 0.0;
556 set_first_pass_params(cpi);
557 vp10_set_quantizer(cm, find_fp_qindex(cm->bit_depth));
560 twopass = &lc->twopass;
562 cpi->lst_fb_idx = cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id;
563 cpi->ref_frame_flags = VP9_LAST_FLAG;
565 if (cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers + cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id <
568 cpi->svc.number_spatial_layers + cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id;
569 cpi->ref_frame_flags |= VP9_GOLD_FLAG;
570 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = (lc->current_video_frame_in_layer == 0);
572 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
575 if (lc->current_video_frame_in_layer == 0)
576 cpi->ref_frame_flags = 0;
578 vp10_scale_references(cpi);
580 // Use either last frame or alt frame for motion search.
581 if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_LAST_FLAG) {
582 first_ref_buf = vp10_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
583 if (first_ref_buf == NULL)
584 first_ref_buf = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, LAST_FRAME);
587 if (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_GOLD_FLAG) {
588 gld_yv12 = vp10_get_scaled_ref_frame(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME);
589 if (gld_yv12 == NULL) {
590 gld_yv12 = get_ref_frame_buffer(cpi, GOLDEN_FRAME);
597 (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_LAST_FLAG) ? LAST_FRAME: NONE,
598 (cpi->ref_frame_flags & VP9_GOLD_FLAG) ? GOLDEN_FRAME : NONE);
600 cpi->Source = vp10_scale_if_required(cm, cpi->un_scaled_source,
601 &cpi->scaled_source);
604 vp10_setup_block_planes(&x->e_mbd, cm->subsampling_x, cm->subsampling_y);
606 vp10_setup_src_planes(x, cpi->Source, 0, 0);
607 vp10_setup_dst_planes(xd->plane, new_yv12, 0, 0);
609 if (!frame_is_intra_only(cm)) {
610 vp10_setup_pre_planes(xd, 0, first_ref_buf, 0, 0, NULL);
613 xd->mi = cm->mi_grid_visible;
616 vp10_frame_init_quantizer(cpi);
618 for (i = 0; i < MAX_MB_PLANE; ++i) {
619 p[i].coeff = ctx->coeff_pbuf[i][1];
620 p[i].qcoeff = ctx->qcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
621 pd[i].dqcoeff = ctx->dqcoeff_pbuf[i][1];
622 p[i].eobs = ctx->eobs_pbuf[i][1];
626 vp10_init_mv_probs(cm);
627 vp10_initialize_rd_consts(cpi);
629 // Tiling is ignored in the first pass.
630 vp10_tile_init(&tile, cm, 0, 0);
632 recon_y_stride = new_yv12->y_stride;
633 recon_uv_stride = new_yv12->uv_stride;
634 uv_mb_height = 16 >> (new_yv12->y_height > new_yv12->uv_height);
636 for (mb_row = 0; mb_row < cm->mb_rows; ++mb_row) {
637 MV best_ref_mv = {0, 0};
639 // Reset above block coeffs.
640 xd->up_available = (mb_row != 0);
641 recon_yoffset = (mb_row * recon_y_stride * 16);
642 recon_uvoffset = (mb_row * recon_uv_stride * uv_mb_height);
644 // Set up limit values for motion vectors to prevent them extending
645 // outside the UMV borders.
646 x->mv_row_min = -((mb_row * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16);
647 x->mv_row_max = ((cm->mb_rows - 1 - mb_row) * 16)
648 + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16;
650 for (mb_col = 0; mb_col < cm->mb_cols; ++mb_col) {
652 const int use_dc_pred = (mb_col || mb_row) && (!mb_col || !mb_row);
653 const BLOCK_SIZE bsize = get_bsize(cm, mb_row, mb_col);
657 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
658 const int mb_index = mb_row * cm->mb_cols + mb_col;
661 vpx_clear_system_state();
663 xd->plane[0].dst.buf = new_yv12->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
664 xd->plane[1].dst.buf = new_yv12->u_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
665 xd->plane[2].dst.buf = new_yv12->v_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
666 xd->left_available = (mb_col != 0);
667 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.sb_type = bsize;
668 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0] = INTRA_FRAME;
669 set_mi_row_col(xd, &tile,
670 mb_row << 1, num_8x8_blocks_high_lookup[bsize],
671 mb_col << 1, num_8x8_blocks_wide_lookup[bsize],
672 cm->mi_rows, cm->mi_cols);
674 // Do intra 16x16 prediction.
676 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mode = DC_PRED;
677 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = use_dc_pred ?
678 (bsize >= BLOCK_16X16 ? TX_16X16 : TX_8X8) : TX_4X4;
679 vp10_encode_intra_block_plane(x, bsize, 0);
680 this_error = vpx_get_mb_ss(x->plane[0].src_diff);
682 // Keep a record of blocks that have almost no intra error residual
683 // (i.e. are in effect completely flat and untextured in the intra
684 // domain). In natural videos this is uncommon, but it is much more
685 // common in animations, graphics and screen content, so may be used
686 // as a signal to detect these types of content.
687 if (this_error < UL_INTRA_THRESH) {
689 } else if ((mb_col > 0) && (image_data_start_row == INVALID_ROW)) {
690 image_data_start_row = mb_row;
693 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
694 if (cm->use_highbitdepth) {
695 switch (cm->bit_depth) {
705 assert(0 && "cm->bit_depth should be VPX_BITS_8, "
706 "VPX_BITS_10 or VPX_BITS_12");
710 #endif // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
712 vpx_clear_system_state();
713 log_intra = log(this_error + 1.0);
714 if (log_intra < 10.0)
715 intra_factor += 1.0 + ((10.0 - log_intra) * 0.05);
719 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
720 if (cm->use_highbitdepth)
721 level_sample = CONVERT_TO_SHORTPTR(x->plane[0].src.buf)[0];
723 level_sample = x->plane[0].src.buf[0];
725 level_sample = x->plane[0].src.buf[0];
727 if ((level_sample < DARK_THRESH) && (log_intra < 9.0))
728 brightness_factor += 1.0 + (0.01 * (DARK_THRESH - level_sample));
730 brightness_factor += 1.0;
732 // Intrapenalty below deals with situations where the intra and inter
733 // error scores are very low (e.g. a plain black frame).
734 // We do not have special cases in first pass for 0,0 and nearest etc so
735 // all inter modes carry an overhead cost estimate for the mv.
736 // When the error score is very low this causes us to pick all or lots of
737 // INTRA modes and throw lots of key frames.
738 // This penalty adds a cost matching that of a 0,0 mv to the intra case.
739 this_error += intrapenalty;
741 // Accumulate the intra error.
742 intra_error += (int64_t)this_error;
744 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
745 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
747 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] = 0;
751 // Set up limit values for motion vectors to prevent them extending
752 // outside the UMV borders.
753 x->mv_col_min = -((mb_col * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16);
754 x->mv_col_max = ((cm->mb_cols - 1 - mb_col) * 16) + BORDER_MV_PIXELS_B16;
756 // Other than for the first frame do a motion search.
757 if ((lc == NULL && cm->current_video_frame > 0) ||
758 (lc != NULL && lc->current_video_frame_in_layer > 0)) {
759 int tmp_err, motion_error, raw_motion_error;
760 // Assume 0,0 motion with no mv overhead.
761 MV mv = {0, 0} , tmp_mv = {0, 0};
762 struct buf_2d unscaled_last_source_buf_2d;
764 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
765 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
766 if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
767 motion_error = highbd_get_prediction_error(
768 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &xd->plane[0].pre[0], xd->bd);
770 motion_error = get_prediction_error(
771 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
774 motion_error = get_prediction_error(
775 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
776 #endif // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
778 // Compute the motion error of the 0,0 motion using the last source
779 // frame as the reference. Skip the further motion search on
780 // reconstructed frame if this error is small.
781 unscaled_last_source_buf_2d.buf =
782 cpi->unscaled_last_source->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
783 unscaled_last_source_buf_2d.stride =
784 cpi->unscaled_last_source->y_stride;
785 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
786 if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
787 raw_motion_error = highbd_get_prediction_error(
788 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &unscaled_last_source_buf_2d, xd->bd);
790 raw_motion_error = get_prediction_error(
791 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &unscaled_last_source_buf_2d);
794 raw_motion_error = get_prediction_error(
795 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &unscaled_last_source_buf_2d);
796 #endif // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
798 // TODO(pengchong): Replace the hard-coded threshold
799 if (raw_motion_error > 25 || lc != NULL) {
800 // Test last reference frame using the previous best mv as the
801 // starting point (best reference) for the search.
802 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &best_ref_mv, &mv, &motion_error);
804 // If the current best reference mv is not centered on 0,0 then do a
805 // 0,0 based search as well.
806 if (!is_zero_mv(&best_ref_mv)) {
808 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &zero_mv, &tmp_mv, &tmp_err);
810 if (tmp_err < motion_error) {
811 motion_error = tmp_err;
816 // Search in an older reference frame.
817 if (((lc == NULL && cm->current_video_frame > 1) ||
818 (lc != NULL && lc->current_video_frame_in_layer > 1))
819 && gld_yv12 != NULL) {
820 // Assume 0,0 motion with no mv overhead.
823 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = gld_yv12->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
824 #if CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
825 if (xd->cur_buf->flags & YV12_FLAG_HIGHBITDEPTH) {
826 gf_motion_error = highbd_get_prediction_error(
827 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &xd->plane[0].pre[0], xd->bd);
829 gf_motion_error = get_prediction_error(
830 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
833 gf_motion_error = get_prediction_error(
834 bsize, &x->plane[0].src, &xd->plane[0].pre[0]);
835 #endif // CONFIG_VP9_HIGHBITDEPTH
837 first_pass_motion_search(cpi, x, &zero_mv, &tmp_mv,
840 if (gf_motion_error < motion_error && gf_motion_error < this_error)
843 // Reset to last frame as reference buffer.
844 xd->plane[0].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->y_buffer + recon_yoffset;
845 xd->plane[1].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->u_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
846 xd->plane[2].pre[0].buf = first_ref_buf->v_buffer + recon_uvoffset;
848 // In accumulating a score for the older reference frame take the
849 // best of the motion predicted score and the intra coded error
850 // (just as will be done for) accumulation of "coded_error" for
852 if (gf_motion_error < this_error)
853 sr_coded_error += gf_motion_error;
855 sr_coded_error += this_error;
857 sr_coded_error += motion_error;
860 sr_coded_error += motion_error;
863 // Start by assuming that intra mode is best.
867 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
868 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
869 // intra predication statistics
870 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] = 0;
871 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_DCINTRA_MASK;
872 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK;
873 if (this_error > FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_TH) {
874 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_MASK;
875 } else if (this_error < FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_TH) {
876 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_MASK;
881 if (motion_error <= this_error) {
882 vpx_clear_system_state();
884 // Keep a count of cases where the inter and intra were very close
885 // and very low. This helps with scene cut detection for example in
886 // cropped clips with black bars at the sides or top and bottom.
887 if (((this_error - intrapenalty) * 9 <= motion_error * 10) &&
888 (this_error < (2 * intrapenalty))) {
889 neutral_count += 1.0;
890 // Also track cases where the intra is not much worse than the inter
891 // and use this in limiting the GF/arf group length.
892 } else if ((this_error > NCOUNT_INTRA_THRESH) &&
893 (this_error < (NCOUNT_INTRA_FACTOR * motion_error))) {
894 neutral_count += (double)motion_error /
895 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK((double)this_error);
900 this_error = motion_error;
901 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mode = NEWMV;
902 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.mv[0].as_mv = mv;
903 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.tx_size = TX_4X4;
904 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[0] = LAST_FRAME;
905 xd->mi[0]->mbmi.ref_frame[1] = NONE;
906 vp10_build_inter_predictors_sby(xd, mb_row << 1, mb_col << 1, bsize);
907 vp10_encode_sby_pass1(x, bsize);
909 sum_mvr_abs += abs(mv.row);
911 sum_mvc_abs += abs(mv.col);
912 sum_mvrs += mv.row * mv.row;
913 sum_mvcs += mv.col * mv.col;
918 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
919 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
920 // inter predication statistics
921 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] = 0;
922 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] &= ~FPMB_DCINTRA_MASK;
923 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |= FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK;
924 if (this_error > FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_TH) {
925 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
926 FPMB_ERROR_LARGE_MASK;
927 } else if (this_error < FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_TH) {
928 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
929 FPMB_ERROR_SMALL_MASK;
934 if (!is_zero_mv(&mv)) {
937 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
938 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
939 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] &=
940 ~FPMB_MOTION_ZERO_MASK;
941 // check estimated motion direction
942 if (mv.as_mv.col > 0 && mv.as_mv.col >= abs(mv.as_mv.row)) {
944 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
945 FPMB_MOTION_RIGHT_MASK;
946 } else if (mv.as_mv.row < 0 &&
947 abs(mv.as_mv.row) >= abs(mv.as_mv.col)) {
949 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
951 } else if (mv.as_mv.col < 0 &&
952 abs(mv.as_mv.col) >= abs(mv.as_mv.row)) {
954 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
955 FPMB_MOTION_LEFT_MASK;
958 cpi->twopass.frame_mb_stats_buf[mb_index] |=
959 FPMB_MOTION_DOWN_MASK;
964 // Non-zero vector, was it different from the last non zero vector?
965 if (!is_equal_mv(&mv, &lastmv))
969 // Does the row vector point inwards or outwards?
970 if (mb_row < cm->mb_rows / 2) {
975 } else if (mb_row > cm->mb_rows / 2) {
982 // Does the col vector point inwards or outwards?
983 if (mb_col < cm->mb_cols / 2) {
988 } else if (mb_col > cm->mb_cols / 2) {
997 sr_coded_error += (int64_t)this_error;
999 coded_error += (int64_t)this_error;
1001 // Adjust to the next column of MBs.
1002 x->plane[0].src.buf += 16;
1003 x->plane[1].src.buf += uv_mb_height;
1004 x->plane[2].src.buf += uv_mb_height;
1006 recon_yoffset += 16;
1007 recon_uvoffset += uv_mb_height;
1010 // Adjust to the next row of MBs.
1011 x->plane[0].src.buf += 16 * x->plane[0].src.stride - 16 * cm->mb_cols;
1012 x->plane[1].src.buf += uv_mb_height * x->plane[1].src.stride -
1013 uv_mb_height * cm->mb_cols;
1014 x->plane[2].src.buf += uv_mb_height * x->plane[1].src.stride -
1015 uv_mb_height * cm->mb_cols;
1017 vpx_clear_system_state();
1020 // Clamp the image start to rows/2. This number of rows is discarded top
1021 // and bottom as dead data so rows / 2 means the frame is blank.
1022 if ((image_data_start_row > cm->mb_rows / 2) ||
1023 (image_data_start_row == INVALID_ROW)) {
1024 image_data_start_row = cm->mb_rows / 2;
1026 // Exclude any image dead zone
1027 if (image_data_start_row > 0) {
1029 MAX(0, intra_skip_count - (image_data_start_row * cm->mb_cols * 2));
1033 FIRSTPASS_STATS fps;
1034 // The minimum error here insures some bit allocation to frames even
1035 // in static regions. The allocation per MB declines for larger formats
1036 // where the typical "real" energy per MB also falls.
1037 // Initial estimate here uses sqrt(mbs) to define the min_err, where the
1038 // number of mbs is proportional to the image area.
1039 const int num_mbs = (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode != RESIZE_NONE)
1040 ? cpi->initial_mbs : cpi->common.MBs;
1041 const double min_err = 200 * sqrt(num_mbs);
1043 intra_factor = intra_factor / (double)num_mbs;
1044 brightness_factor = brightness_factor / (double)num_mbs;
1045 fps.weight = intra_factor * brightness_factor;
1047 fps.frame = cm->current_video_frame;
1048 fps.spatial_layer_id = cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id;
1049 fps.coded_error = (double)(coded_error >> 8) + min_err;
1050 fps.sr_coded_error = (double)(sr_coded_error >> 8) + min_err;
1051 fps.intra_error = (double)(intra_error >> 8) + min_err;
1053 fps.pcnt_inter = (double)intercount / num_mbs;
1054 fps.pcnt_second_ref = (double)second_ref_count / num_mbs;
1055 fps.pcnt_neutral = (double)neutral_count / num_mbs;
1056 fps.intra_skip_pct = (double)intra_skip_count / num_mbs;
1057 fps.inactive_zone_rows = (double)image_data_start_row;
1058 fps.inactive_zone_cols = (double)0; // TODO(paulwilkins): fix
1061 fps.MVr = (double)sum_mvr / mvcount;
1062 fps.mvr_abs = (double)sum_mvr_abs / mvcount;
1063 fps.MVc = (double)sum_mvc / mvcount;
1064 fps.mvc_abs = (double)sum_mvc_abs / mvcount;
1065 fps.MVrv = ((double)sum_mvrs -
1066 ((double)sum_mvr * sum_mvr / mvcount)) / mvcount;
1067 fps.MVcv = ((double)sum_mvcs -
1068 ((double)sum_mvc * sum_mvc / mvcount)) / mvcount;
1069 fps.mv_in_out_count = (double)sum_in_vectors / (mvcount * 2);
1070 fps.new_mv_count = new_mv_count;
1071 fps.pcnt_motion = (double)mvcount / num_mbs;
1079 fps.mv_in_out_count = 0.0;
1080 fps.new_mv_count = 0.0;
1081 fps.pcnt_motion = 0.0;
1084 // TODO(paulwilkins): Handle the case when duration is set to 0, or
1085 // something less than the full time between subsequent values of
1086 // cpi->source_time_stamp.
1087 fps.duration = (double)(source->ts_end - source->ts_start);
1089 // Don't want to do output stats with a stack variable!
1090 twopass->this_frame_stats = fps;
1091 output_stats(&twopass->this_frame_stats, cpi->output_pkt_list);
1092 accumulate_stats(&twopass->total_stats, &fps);
1094 #if CONFIG_FP_MB_STATS
1095 if (cpi->use_fp_mb_stats) {
1096 output_fpmb_stats(twopass->frame_mb_stats_buf, cm, cpi->output_pkt_list);
1101 // Copy the previous Last Frame back into gf and and arf buffers if
1102 // the prediction is good enough... but also don't allow it to lag too far.
1103 if ((twopass->sr_update_lag > 3) ||
1104 ((cm->current_video_frame > 0) &&
1105 (twopass->this_frame_stats.pcnt_inter > 0.20) &&
1106 ((twopass->this_frame_stats.intra_error /
1107 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(twopass->this_frame_stats.coded_error)) > 2.0))) {
1108 if (gld_yv12 != NULL) {
1109 ref_cnt_fb(pool->frame_bufs, &cm->ref_frame_map[cpi->gld_fb_idx],
1110 cm->ref_frame_map[cpi->lst_fb_idx]);
1112 twopass->sr_update_lag = 1;
1114 ++twopass->sr_update_lag;
1117 vpx_extend_frame_borders(new_yv12);
1120 vp10_update_reference_frames(cpi);
1122 // The frame we just compressed now becomes the last frame.
1123 ref_cnt_fb(pool->frame_bufs, &cm->ref_frame_map[cpi->lst_fb_idx],
1127 // Special case for the first frame. Copy into the GF buffer as a second
1129 if (cm->current_video_frame == 0 && cpi->gld_fb_idx != INVALID_IDX &&
1131 ref_cnt_fb(pool->frame_bufs, &cm->ref_frame_map[cpi->gld_fb_idx],
1132 cm->ref_frame_map[cpi->lst_fb_idx]);
1135 // Use this to see what the first pass reconstruction looks like.
1139 snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "enc%04d.yuv",
1140 (int)cm->current_video_frame);
1142 if (cm->current_video_frame == 0)
1143 recon_file = fopen(filename, "wb");
1145 recon_file = fopen(filename, "ab");
1147 (void)fwrite(lst_yv12->buffer_alloc, lst_yv12->frame_size, 1, recon_file);
1151 ++cm->current_video_frame;
1153 vp10_inc_frame_in_layer(cpi);
1156 static double calc_correction_factor(double err_per_mb,
1161 vpx_bit_depth_t bit_depth) {
1162 const double error_term = err_per_mb / err_divisor;
1164 // Adjustment based on actual quantizer to power term.
1165 const double power_term =
1166 MIN(vp10_convert_qindex_to_q(q, bit_depth) * 0.01 + pt_low, pt_high);
1168 // Calculate correction factor.
1169 if (power_term < 1.0)
1170 assert(error_term >= 0.0);
1172 return fclamp(pow(error_term, power_term), 0.05, 5.0);
1175 // Larger image formats are expected to be a little harder to code relatively
1176 // given the same prediction error score. This in part at least relates to the
1177 // increased size and hence coding cost of motion vectors.
1178 #define EDIV_SIZE_FACTOR 800
1180 static int get_twopass_worst_quality(const VP10_COMP *cpi,
1181 const double section_err,
1182 double inactive_zone,
1183 int section_target_bandwidth,
1184 double group_weight_factor) {
1185 const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1186 const VP10EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1188 inactive_zone = fclamp(inactive_zone, 0.0, 1.0);
1190 if (section_target_bandwidth <= 0) {
1191 return rc->worst_quality; // Highest value allowed
1193 const int num_mbs = (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode != RESIZE_NONE)
1194 ? cpi->initial_mbs : cpi->common.MBs;
1195 const int active_mbs = MAX(1, num_mbs - (int)(num_mbs * inactive_zone));
1196 const double av_err_per_mb = section_err / active_mbs;
1197 const double speed_term = 1.0 + 0.04 * oxcf->speed;
1198 const double ediv_size_correction = (double)num_mbs / EDIV_SIZE_FACTOR;
1199 const int target_norm_bits_per_mb = ((uint64_t)section_target_bandwidth <<
1200 BPER_MB_NORMBITS) / active_mbs;
1203 int is_svc_upper_layer = 0;
1205 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi) && cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id > 0)
1206 is_svc_upper_layer = 1;
1209 // Try and pick a max Q that will be high enough to encode the
1210 // content at the given rate.
1211 for (q = rc->best_quality; q < rc->worst_quality; ++q) {
1212 const double factor =
1213 calc_correction_factor(av_err_per_mb,
1214 ERR_DIVISOR - ediv_size_correction,
1215 is_svc_upper_layer ? SVC_FACTOR_PT_LOW :
1216 FACTOR_PT_LOW, FACTOR_PT_HIGH, q,
1217 cpi->common.bit_depth);
1218 const int bits_per_mb =
1219 vp10_rc_bits_per_mb(INTER_FRAME, q,
1220 factor * speed_term * group_weight_factor,
1221 cpi->common.bit_depth);
1222 if (bits_per_mb <= target_norm_bits_per_mb)
1226 // Restriction on active max q for constrained quality mode.
1227 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CQ)
1228 q = MAX(q, oxcf->cq_level);
1233 static void setup_rf_level_maxq(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
1235 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1236 for (i = INTER_NORMAL; i < RATE_FACTOR_LEVELS; ++i) {
1237 int qdelta = vp10_frame_type_qdelta(cpi, i, rc->worst_quality);
1238 rc->rf_level_maxq[i] = MAX(rc->worst_quality + qdelta, rc->best_quality);
1242 void vp10_init_subsampling(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
1243 const VP10_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
1244 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1245 const int w = cm->width;
1246 const int h = cm->height;
1249 for (i = 0; i < FRAME_SCALE_STEPS; ++i) {
1250 // Note: Frames with odd-sized dimensions may result from this scaling.
1251 rc->frame_width[i] = (w * 16) / frame_scale_factor[i];
1252 rc->frame_height[i] = (h * 16) / frame_scale_factor[i];
1255 setup_rf_level_maxq(cpi);
1258 void vp10_calculate_coded_size(VP10_COMP *cpi,
1259 int *scaled_frame_width,
1260 int *scaled_frame_height) {
1261 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1262 *scaled_frame_width = rc->frame_width[rc->frame_size_selector];
1263 *scaled_frame_height = rc->frame_height[rc->frame_size_selector];
1266 void vp10_init_second_pass(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
1267 SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
1268 const VP10EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1269 const int is_two_pass_svc = (svc->number_spatial_layers > 1) ||
1270 (svc->number_temporal_layers > 1);
1271 TWO_PASS *const twopass = is_two_pass_svc ?
1272 &svc->layer_context[svc->spatial_layer_id].twopass : &cpi->twopass;
1274 FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats;
1276 zero_stats(&twopass->total_stats);
1277 zero_stats(&twopass->total_left_stats);
1279 if (!twopass->stats_in_end)
1282 stats = &twopass->total_stats;
1284 *stats = *twopass->stats_in_end;
1285 twopass->total_left_stats = *stats;
1287 frame_rate = 10000000.0 * stats->count / stats->duration;
1288 // Each frame can have a different duration, as the frame rate in the source
1289 // isn't guaranteed to be constant. The frame rate prior to the first frame
1290 // encoded in the second pass is a guess. However, the sum duration is not.
1291 // It is calculated based on the actual durations of all frames from the
1294 if (is_two_pass_svc) {
1295 vp10_update_spatial_layer_framerate(cpi, frame_rate);
1296 twopass->bits_left = (int64_t)(stats->duration *
1297 svc->layer_context[svc->spatial_layer_id].target_bandwidth /
1300 vp10_new_framerate(cpi, frame_rate);
1301 twopass->bits_left = (int64_t)(stats->duration * oxcf->target_bandwidth /
1305 // This variable monitors how far behind the second ref update is lagging.
1306 twopass->sr_update_lag = 1;
1308 // Scan the first pass file and calculate a modified total error based upon
1309 // the bias/power function used to allocate bits.
1311 const double avg_error = stats->coded_error /
1312 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(stats->count);
1313 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *s = twopass->stats_in;
1314 double modified_error_total = 0.0;
1315 twopass->modified_error_min = (avg_error *
1316 oxcf->two_pass_vbrmin_section) / 100;
1317 twopass->modified_error_max = (avg_error *
1318 oxcf->two_pass_vbrmax_section) / 100;
1319 while (s < twopass->stats_in_end) {
1320 modified_error_total += calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, s);
1323 twopass->modified_error_left = modified_error_total;
1326 // Reset the vbr bits off target counters
1327 cpi->rc.vbr_bits_off_target = 0;
1328 cpi->rc.vbr_bits_off_target_fast = 0;
1330 cpi->rc.rate_error_estimate = 0;
1332 // Static sequence monitor variables.
1333 twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct = 100;
1334 twopass->last_kfgroup_zeromotion_pct = 100;
1336 if (oxcf->resize_mode != RESIZE_NONE) {
1337 vp10_init_subsampling(cpi);
1341 #define SR_DIFF_PART 0.0015
1342 #define MOTION_AMP_PART 0.003
1343 #define INTRA_PART 0.005
1344 #define DEFAULT_DECAY_LIMIT 0.75
1345 #define LOW_SR_DIFF_TRHESH 0.1
1346 #define SR_DIFF_MAX 128.0
1348 static double get_sr_decay_rate(const VP10_COMP *cpi,
1349 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
1350 const int num_mbs = (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode != RESIZE_NONE)
1351 ? cpi->initial_mbs : cpi->common.MBs;
1353 (frame->sr_coded_error - frame->coded_error) / num_mbs;
1354 double sr_decay = 1.0;
1355 double modified_pct_inter;
1356 double modified_pcnt_intra;
1357 const double motion_amplitude_factor =
1358 frame->pcnt_motion * ((frame->mvc_abs + frame->mvr_abs) / 2);
1360 modified_pct_inter = frame->pcnt_inter;
1361 if ((frame->intra_error / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(frame->coded_error)) <
1362 (double)NCOUNT_FRAME_II_THRESH) {
1363 modified_pct_inter = frame->pcnt_inter - frame->pcnt_neutral;
1365 modified_pcnt_intra = 100 * (1.0 - modified_pct_inter);
1368 if ((sr_diff > LOW_SR_DIFF_TRHESH)) {
1369 sr_diff = MIN(sr_diff, SR_DIFF_MAX);
1370 sr_decay = 1.0 - (SR_DIFF_PART * sr_diff) -
1371 (MOTION_AMP_PART * motion_amplitude_factor) -
1372 (INTRA_PART * modified_pcnt_intra);
1374 return MAX(sr_decay, MIN(DEFAULT_DECAY_LIMIT, modified_pct_inter));
1377 // This function gives an estimate of how badly we believe the prediction
1378 // quality is decaying from frame to frame.
1379 static double get_zero_motion_factor(const VP10_COMP *cpi,
1380 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) {
1381 const double zero_motion_pct = frame->pcnt_inter -
1383 double sr_decay = get_sr_decay_rate(cpi, frame);
1384 return MIN(sr_decay, zero_motion_pct);
1387 #define ZM_POWER_FACTOR 0.75
1389 static double get_prediction_decay_rate(const VP10_COMP *cpi,
1390 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) {
1391 const double sr_decay_rate = get_sr_decay_rate(cpi, next_frame);
1392 const double zero_motion_factor =
1393 (0.95 * pow((next_frame->pcnt_inter - next_frame->pcnt_motion),
1396 return MAX(zero_motion_factor,
1397 (sr_decay_rate + ((1.0 - sr_decay_rate) * zero_motion_factor)));
1400 // Function to test for a condition where a complex transition is followed
1401 // by a static section. For example in slide shows where there is a fade
1402 // between slides. This is to help with more optimal kf and gf positioning.
1403 static int detect_transition_to_still(VP10_COMP *cpi,
1404 int frame_interval, int still_interval,
1405 double loop_decay_rate,
1406 double last_decay_rate) {
1407 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1408 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1410 // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion
1411 // For example a static image after a fade or other transition
1412 // instead of a clean scene cut.
1413 if (frame_interval > rc->min_gf_interval &&
1414 loop_decay_rate >= 0.999 &&
1415 last_decay_rate < 0.9) {
1418 // Look ahead a few frames to see if static condition persists...
1419 for (j = 0; j < still_interval; ++j) {
1420 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats = &twopass->stats_in[j];
1421 if (stats >= twopass->stats_in_end)
1424 if (stats->pcnt_inter - stats->pcnt_motion < 0.999)
1428 // Only if it does do we signal a transition to still.
1429 return j == still_interval;
1435 // This function detects a flash through the high relative pcnt_second_ref
1436 // score in the frame following a flash frame. The offset passed in should
1438 static int detect_flash(const TWO_PASS *twopass, int offset) {
1439 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const next_frame = read_frame_stats(twopass, offset);
1441 // What we are looking for here is a situation where there is a
1442 // brief break in prediction (such as a flash) but subsequent frames
1443 // are reasonably well predicted by an earlier (pre flash) frame.
1444 // The recovery after a flash is indicated by a high pcnt_second_ref
1445 // compared to pcnt_inter.
1446 return next_frame != NULL &&
1447 next_frame->pcnt_second_ref > next_frame->pcnt_inter &&
1448 next_frame->pcnt_second_ref >= 0.5;
1451 // Update the motion related elements to the GF arf boost calculation.
1452 static void accumulate_frame_motion_stats(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
1454 double *mv_in_out_accumulator,
1455 double *abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1456 double *mv_ratio_accumulator) {
1457 const double pct = stats->pcnt_motion;
1459 // Accumulate Motion In/Out of frame stats.
1460 *mv_in_out = stats->mv_in_out_count * pct;
1461 *mv_in_out_accumulator += *mv_in_out;
1462 *abs_mv_in_out_accumulator += fabs(*mv_in_out);
1464 // Accumulate a measure of how uniform (or conversely how random) the motion
1465 // field is (a ratio of abs(mv) / mv).
1467 const double mvr_ratio = fabs(stats->mvr_abs) /
1468 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVr));
1469 const double mvc_ratio = fabs(stats->mvc_abs) /
1470 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVc));
1472 *mv_ratio_accumulator += pct * (mvr_ratio < stats->mvr_abs ?
1473 mvr_ratio : stats->mvr_abs);
1474 *mv_ratio_accumulator += pct * (mvc_ratio < stats->mvc_abs ?
1475 mvc_ratio : stats->mvc_abs);
1479 #define BASELINE_ERR_PER_MB 1000.0
1480 static double calc_frame_boost(VP10_COMP *cpi,
1481 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame,
1482 double this_frame_mv_in_out,
1486 vp10_convert_qindex_to_q(cpi->rc.avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME],
1487 cpi->common.bit_depth);
1488 const double boost_q_correction = MIN((0.5 + (lq * 0.015)), 1.5);
1489 int num_mbs = (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode != RESIZE_NONE)
1490 ? cpi->initial_mbs : cpi->common.MBs;
1492 // Correct for any inactive region in the image
1493 num_mbs = (int)MAX(1, num_mbs * calculate_active_area(cpi, this_frame));
1495 // Underlying boost factor is based on inter error ratio.
1496 frame_boost = (BASELINE_ERR_PER_MB * num_mbs) /
1497 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error);
1498 frame_boost = frame_boost * BOOST_FACTOR * boost_q_correction;
1500 // Increase boost for frames where new data coming into frame (e.g. zoom out).
1501 // Slightly reduce boost if there is a net balance of motion out of the frame
1502 // (zoom in). The range for this_frame_mv_in_out is -1.0 to +1.0.
1503 if (this_frame_mv_in_out > 0.0)
1504 frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out * 2.0);
1505 // In the extreme case the boost is halved.
1507 frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out / 2.0);
1509 return MIN(frame_boost, max_boost * boost_q_correction);
1512 static int calc_arf_boost(VP10_COMP *cpi, int offset,
1513 int f_frames, int b_frames,
1514 int *f_boost, int *b_boost) {
1515 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1517 double boost_score = 0.0;
1518 double mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1519 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1520 double this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1521 double mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1522 double abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1524 int flash_detected = 0;
1526 // Search forward from the proposed arf/next gf position.
1527 for (i = 0; i < f_frames; ++i) {
1528 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame = read_frame_stats(twopass, i + offset);
1529 if (this_frame == NULL)
1532 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1533 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(this_frame,
1534 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1535 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1536 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1538 // We want to discount the flash frame itself and the recovery
1539 // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
1540 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, i + offset) ||
1541 detect_flash(twopass, i + offset + 1);
1543 // Accumulate the effect of prediction quality decay.
1544 if (!flash_detected) {
1545 decay_accumulator *= get_prediction_decay_rate(cpi, this_frame);
1546 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator < MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
1547 ? MIN_DECAY_FACTOR : decay_accumulator;
1550 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(cpi, this_frame,
1551 this_frame_mv_in_out,
1555 *f_boost = (int)boost_score;
1557 // Reset for backward looking loop.
1559 mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1560 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1561 this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1562 mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1563 abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1565 // Search backward towards last gf position.
1566 for (i = -1; i >= -b_frames; --i) {
1567 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame = read_frame_stats(twopass, i + offset);
1568 if (this_frame == NULL)
1571 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1572 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(this_frame,
1573 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1574 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1575 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1577 // We want to discount the the flash frame itself and the recovery
1578 // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
1579 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, i + offset) ||
1580 detect_flash(twopass, i + offset + 1);
1582 // Cumulative effect of prediction quality decay.
1583 if (!flash_detected) {
1584 decay_accumulator *= get_prediction_decay_rate(cpi, this_frame);
1585 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator < MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
1586 ? MIN_DECAY_FACTOR : decay_accumulator;
1589 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(cpi, this_frame,
1590 this_frame_mv_in_out,
1593 *b_boost = (int)boost_score;
1595 arf_boost = (*f_boost + *b_boost);
1596 if (arf_boost < ((b_frames + f_frames) * 20))
1597 arf_boost = ((b_frames + f_frames) * 20);
1598 arf_boost = MAX(arf_boost, MIN_ARF_GF_BOOST);
1603 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
1604 static int calculate_section_intra_ratio(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *begin,
1605 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *end,
1606 int section_length) {
1607 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *s = begin;
1608 double intra_error = 0.0;
1609 double coded_error = 0.0;
1612 while (s < end && i < section_length) {
1613 intra_error += s->intra_error;
1614 coded_error += s->coded_error;
1619 return (int)(intra_error / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(coded_error));
1622 // Calculate the total bits to allocate in this GF/ARF group.
1623 static int64_t calculate_total_gf_group_bits(VP10_COMP *cpi,
1624 double gf_group_err) {
1625 const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1626 const TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1627 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, &cpi->oxcf);
1628 int64_t total_group_bits;
1630 // Calculate the bits to be allocated to the group as a whole.
1631 if ((twopass->kf_group_bits > 0) && (twopass->kf_group_error_left > 0)) {
1632 total_group_bits = (int64_t)(twopass->kf_group_bits *
1633 (gf_group_err / twopass->kf_group_error_left));
1635 total_group_bits = 0;
1638 // Clamp odd edge cases.
1639 total_group_bits = (total_group_bits < 0) ?
1640 0 : (total_group_bits > twopass->kf_group_bits) ?
1641 twopass->kf_group_bits : total_group_bits;
1643 // Clip based on user supplied data rate variability limit.
1644 if (total_group_bits > (int64_t)max_bits * rc->baseline_gf_interval)
1645 total_group_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * rc->baseline_gf_interval;
1647 return total_group_bits;
1650 // Calculate the number bits extra to assign to boosted frames in a group.
1651 static int calculate_boost_bits(int frame_count,
1652 int boost, int64_t total_group_bits) {
1653 int allocation_chunks;
1655 // return 0 for invalid inputs (could arise e.g. through rounding errors)
1656 if (!boost || (total_group_bits <= 0) || (frame_count <= 0) )
1659 allocation_chunks = (frame_count * 100) + boost;
1661 // Prevent overflow.
1663 int divisor = boost >> 10;
1665 allocation_chunks /= divisor;
1668 // Calculate the number of extra bits for use in the boosted frame or frames.
1669 return MAX((int)(((int64_t)boost * total_group_bits) / allocation_chunks), 0);
1672 // Current limit on maximum number of active arfs in a GF/ARF group.
1673 #define MAX_ACTIVE_ARFS 2
1676 // This function indirects the choice of buffers for arfs.
1677 // At the moment the values are fixed but this may change as part of
1678 // the integration process with other codec features that swap buffers around.
1679 static void get_arf_buffer_indices(unsigned char *arf_buffer_indices) {
1680 arf_buffer_indices[0] = ARF_SLOT1;
1681 arf_buffer_indices[1] = ARF_SLOT2;
1684 static void allocate_gf_group_bits(VP10_COMP *cpi, int64_t gf_group_bits,
1685 double group_error, int gf_arf_bits) {
1686 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1687 const VP10EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1688 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1689 GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &twopass->gf_group;
1690 FIRSTPASS_STATS frame_stats;
1692 int frame_index = 1;
1693 int target_frame_size;
1695 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(&cpi->rc, &cpi->oxcf);
1696 int64_t total_group_bits = gf_group_bits;
1697 double modified_err = 0.0;
1698 double err_fraction;
1699 int mid_boost_bits = 0;
1701 unsigned char arf_buffer_indices[MAX_ACTIVE_ARFS];
1702 int alt_frame_index = frame_index;
1703 int has_temporal_layers = is_two_pass_svc(cpi) &&
1704 cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers > 1;
1706 // Only encode alt reference frame in temporal base layer.
1707 if (has_temporal_layers)
1708 alt_frame_index = cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers;
1710 key_frame = cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME ||
1711 vp10_is_upper_layer_key_frame(cpi);
1713 get_arf_buffer_indices(arf_buffer_indices);
1715 // For key frames the frame target rate is already set and it
1716 // is also the golden frame.
1718 if (rc->source_alt_ref_active) {
1719 gf_group->update_type[0] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1720 gf_group->rf_level[0] = INTER_NORMAL;
1721 gf_group->bit_allocation[0] = 0;
1722 gf_group->arf_update_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1723 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1725 gf_group->update_type[0] = GF_UPDATE;
1726 gf_group->rf_level[0] = GF_ARF_STD;
1727 gf_group->bit_allocation[0] = gf_arf_bits;
1728 gf_group->arf_update_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1729 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[0] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1732 // Step over the golden frame / overlay frame
1733 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &frame_stats))
1737 // Deduct the boost bits for arf (or gf if it is not a key frame)
1738 // from the group total.
1739 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending || !key_frame)
1740 total_group_bits -= gf_arf_bits;
1742 // Store the bits to spend on the ARF if there is one.
1743 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1744 gf_group->update_type[alt_frame_index] = ARF_UPDATE;
1745 gf_group->rf_level[alt_frame_index] = GF_ARF_STD;
1746 gf_group->bit_allocation[alt_frame_index] = gf_arf_bits;
1748 if (has_temporal_layers)
1749 gf_group->arf_src_offset[alt_frame_index] =
1750 (unsigned char)(rc->baseline_gf_interval -
1751 cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers);
1753 gf_group->arf_src_offset[alt_frame_index] =
1754 (unsigned char)(rc->baseline_gf_interval - 1);
1756 gf_group->arf_update_idx[alt_frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1757 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[alt_frame_index] =
1758 arf_buffer_indices[cpi->multi_arf_last_grp_enabled &&
1759 rc->source_alt_ref_active];
1760 if (!has_temporal_layers)
1763 if (cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1764 // Set aside a slot for a level 1 arf.
1765 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = ARF_UPDATE;
1766 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = GF_ARF_LOW;
1767 gf_group->arf_src_offset[frame_index] =
1768 (unsigned char)((rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1) - 1);
1769 gf_group->arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[1];
1770 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1775 // Define middle frame
1776 mid_frame_idx = frame_index + (rc->baseline_gf_interval >> 1) - 1;
1778 // Allocate bits to the other frames in the group.
1779 for (i = 0; i < rc->baseline_gf_interval - rc->source_alt_ref_pending; ++i) {
1781 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &frame_stats))
1784 if (has_temporal_layers && frame_index == alt_frame_index) {
1788 modified_err = calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, &frame_stats);
1790 if (group_error > 0)
1791 err_fraction = modified_err / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(group_error);
1795 target_frame_size = (int)((double)total_group_bits * err_fraction);
1797 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending && cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1798 mid_boost_bits += (target_frame_size >> 4);
1799 target_frame_size -= (target_frame_size >> 4);
1801 if (frame_index <= mid_frame_idx)
1804 gf_group->arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[arf_idx];
1805 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[arf_idx];
1807 target_frame_size = clamp(target_frame_size, 0,
1808 MIN(max_bits, (int)total_group_bits));
1810 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = LF_UPDATE;
1811 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = INTER_NORMAL;
1813 gf_group->bit_allocation[frame_index] = target_frame_size;
1818 // We need to configure the frame at the end of the sequence + 1 that will be
1819 // the start frame for the next group. Otherwise prior to the call to
1820 // vp10_rc_get_second_pass_params() the data will be undefined.
1821 gf_group->arf_update_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1822 gf_group->arf_ref_idx[frame_index] = arf_buffer_indices[0];
1824 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
1825 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1826 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = INTER_NORMAL;
1828 // Final setup for second arf and its overlay.
1829 if (cpi->multi_arf_enabled) {
1830 gf_group->bit_allocation[2] =
1831 gf_group->bit_allocation[mid_frame_idx] + mid_boost_bits;
1832 gf_group->update_type[mid_frame_idx] = OVERLAY_UPDATE;
1833 gf_group->bit_allocation[mid_frame_idx] = 0;
1836 gf_group->update_type[frame_index] = GF_UPDATE;
1837 gf_group->rf_level[frame_index] = GF_ARF_STD;
1840 // Note whether multi-arf was enabled this group for next time.
1841 cpi->multi_arf_last_grp_enabled = cpi->multi_arf_enabled;
1844 // Analyse and define a gf/arf group.
1845 static void define_gf_group(VP10_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
1846 VP10_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
1847 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
1848 VP10EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
1849 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
1850 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
1851 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_pos = twopass->stats_in;
1854 double boost_score = 0.0;
1855 double old_boost_score = 0.0;
1856 double gf_group_err = 0.0;
1857 #if GROUP_ADAPTIVE_MAXQ
1858 double gf_group_raw_error = 0.0;
1860 double gf_group_skip_pct = 0.0;
1861 double gf_group_inactive_zone_rows = 0.0;
1862 double gf_first_frame_err = 0.0;
1863 double mod_frame_err = 0.0;
1865 double mv_ratio_accumulator = 0.0;
1866 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
1867 double zero_motion_accumulator = 1.0;
1869 double loop_decay_rate = 1.00;
1870 double last_loop_decay_rate = 1.00;
1872 double this_frame_mv_in_out = 0.0;
1873 double mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1874 double abs_mv_in_out_accumulator = 0.0;
1875 double mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh;
1876 unsigned int allow_alt_ref = is_altref_enabled(cpi);
1881 int active_max_gf_interval;
1882 int active_min_gf_interval;
1883 int64_t gf_group_bits;
1884 double gf_group_error_left;
1886 const int is_key_frame = frame_is_intra_only(cm);
1887 const int arf_active_or_kf = is_key_frame || rc->source_alt_ref_active;
1889 // Reset the GF group data structures unless this is a key
1890 // frame in which case it will already have been done.
1891 if (is_key_frame == 0) {
1892 vp10_zero(twopass->gf_group);
1895 vpx_clear_system_state();
1896 vp10_zero(next_frame);
1898 // Load stats for the current frame.
1899 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1901 // Note the error of the frame at the start of the group. This will be
1902 // the GF frame error if we code a normal gf.
1903 gf_first_frame_err = mod_frame_err;
1905 // If this is a key frame or the overlay from a previous arf then
1906 // the error score / cost of this frame has already been accounted for.
1907 if (arf_active_or_kf) {
1908 gf_group_err -= gf_first_frame_err;
1909 #if GROUP_ADAPTIVE_MAXQ
1910 gf_group_raw_error -= this_frame->coded_error;
1912 gf_group_skip_pct -= this_frame->intra_skip_pct;
1913 gf_group_inactive_zone_rows -= this_frame->inactive_zone_rows;
1916 // Motion breakout threshold for loop below depends on image size.
1917 mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh =
1918 (cpi->initial_height + cpi->initial_width) / 4.0;
1920 // Set a maximum and minimum interval for the GF group.
1921 // If the image appears almost completely static we can extend beyond this.
1924 (int)(vp10_convert_qindex_to_q(twopass->active_worst_quality,
1925 cpi->common.bit_depth));
1927 (int)(vp10_convert_qindex_to_q(rc->last_boosted_qindex,
1928 cpi->common.bit_depth));
1929 active_min_gf_interval = rc->min_gf_interval + MIN(2, int_max_q / 200);
1930 if (active_min_gf_interval > rc->max_gf_interval)
1931 active_min_gf_interval = rc->max_gf_interval;
1933 if (cpi->multi_arf_allowed) {
1934 active_max_gf_interval = rc->max_gf_interval;
1936 // The value chosen depends on the active Q range. At low Q we have
1937 // bits to spare and are better with a smaller interval and smaller boost.
1938 // At high Q when there are few bits to spare we are better with a longer
1939 // interval to spread the cost of the GF.
1940 active_max_gf_interval = 12 + MIN(4, (int_lbq / 6));
1941 if (active_max_gf_interval < active_min_gf_interval)
1942 active_max_gf_interval = active_min_gf_interval;
1944 if (active_max_gf_interval > rc->max_gf_interval)
1945 active_max_gf_interval = rc->max_gf_interval;
1946 if (active_max_gf_interval < active_min_gf_interval)
1947 active_max_gf_interval = active_min_gf_interval;
1952 while (i < rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval && i < rc->frames_to_key) {
1955 // Accumulate error score of frames in this gf group.
1956 mod_frame_err = calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
1957 gf_group_err += mod_frame_err;
1958 #if GROUP_ADAPTIVE_MAXQ
1959 gf_group_raw_error += this_frame->coded_error;
1961 gf_group_skip_pct += this_frame->intra_skip_pct;
1962 gf_group_inactive_zone_rows += this_frame->inactive_zone_rows;
1964 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &next_frame))
1967 // Test for the case where there is a brief flash but the prediction
1968 // quality back to an earlier frame is then restored.
1969 flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, 0);
1971 // Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
1972 accumulate_frame_motion_stats(&next_frame,
1973 &this_frame_mv_in_out, &mv_in_out_accumulator,
1974 &abs_mv_in_out_accumulator,
1975 &mv_ratio_accumulator);
1977 // Accumulate the effect of prediction quality decay.
1978 if (!flash_detected) {
1979 last_loop_decay_rate = loop_decay_rate;
1980 loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(cpi, &next_frame);
1982 decay_accumulator = decay_accumulator * loop_decay_rate;
1984 // Monitor for static sections.
1985 zero_motion_accumulator =
1986 MIN(zero_motion_accumulator, get_zero_motion_factor(cpi, &next_frame));
1988 // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion. For example,
1989 // a static image after a fade or other transition.
1990 if (detect_transition_to_still(cpi, i, 5, loop_decay_rate,
1991 last_loop_decay_rate)) {
1997 // Calculate a boost number for this frame.
1998 boost_score += decay_accumulator * calc_frame_boost(cpi, &next_frame,
1999 this_frame_mv_in_out,
2002 // Break out conditions.
2004 // Break at active_max_gf_interval unless almost totally static.
2005 (i >= (active_max_gf_interval + arf_active_or_kf) &&
2006 zero_motion_accumulator < 0.995) ||
2008 // Don't break out with a very short interval.
2009 (i >= active_min_gf_interval + arf_active_or_kf) &&
2010 (!flash_detected) &&
2011 ((mv_ratio_accumulator > mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh) ||
2012 (abs_mv_in_out_accumulator > 3.0) ||
2013 (mv_in_out_accumulator < -2.0) ||
2014 ((boost_score - old_boost_score) < BOOST_BREAKOUT)))) {
2015 boost_score = old_boost_score;
2019 *this_frame = next_frame;
2020 old_boost_score = boost_score;
2023 twopass->gf_zeromotion_pct = (int)(zero_motion_accumulator * 1000.0);
2025 // Was the group length constrained by the requirement for a new KF?
2026 rc->constrained_gf_group = (i >= rc->frames_to_key) ? 1 : 0;
2028 // Should we use the alternate reference frame.
2029 if (allow_alt_ref &&
2030 (i < cpi->oxcf.lag_in_frames) &&
2031 (i >= rc->min_gf_interval)) {
2032 // Calculate the boost for alt ref.
2033 rc->gfu_boost = calc_arf_boost(cpi, 0, (i - 1), (i - 1), &f_boost,
2035 rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 1;
2037 // Test to see if multi arf is appropriate.
2038 cpi->multi_arf_enabled =
2039 (cpi->multi_arf_allowed && (rc->baseline_gf_interval >= 6) &&
2040 (zero_motion_accumulator < 0.995)) ? 1 : 0;
2042 rc->gfu_boost = MAX((int)boost_score, MIN_ARF_GF_BOOST);
2043 rc->source_alt_ref_pending = 0;
2046 // Set the interval until the next gf.
2047 rc->baseline_gf_interval = i - (is_key_frame || rc->source_alt_ref_pending);
2049 // Only encode alt reference frame in temporal base layer. So
2050 // baseline_gf_interval should be multiple of a temporal layer group
2051 // (typically the frame distance between two base layer frames)
2052 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi) && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers > 1) {
2053 int count = (1 << (cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers - 1)) - 1;
2054 int new_gf_interval = (rc->baseline_gf_interval + count) & (~count);
2056 for (j = 0; j < new_gf_interval - rc->baseline_gf_interval; ++j) {
2057 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, this_frame))
2059 gf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
2060 #if GROUP_ADAPTIVE_MAXQ
2061 gf_group_raw_error += this_frame->coded_error;
2063 gf_group_skip_pct += this_frame->intra_skip_pct;
2064 gf_group_inactive_zone_rows += this_frame->inactive_zone_rows;
2066 rc->baseline_gf_interval = new_gf_interval;
2069 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
2071 // Reset the file position.
2072 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
2074 // Calculate the bits to be allocated to the gf/arf group as a whole
2075 gf_group_bits = calculate_total_gf_group_bits(cpi, gf_group_err);
2077 #if GROUP_ADAPTIVE_MAXQ
2078 // Calculate an estimate of the maxq needed for the group.
2079 // We are more agressive about correcting for sections
2080 // where there could be significant overshoot than for easier
2081 // sections where we do not wish to risk creating an overshoot
2082 // of the allocated bit budget.
2083 if ((cpi->oxcf.rc_mode != VPX_Q) && (rc->baseline_gf_interval > 1)) {
2084 const int vbr_group_bits_per_frame =
2085 (int)(gf_group_bits / rc->baseline_gf_interval);
2086 const double group_av_err = gf_group_raw_error / rc->baseline_gf_interval;
2087 const double group_av_skip_pct =
2088 gf_group_skip_pct / rc->baseline_gf_interval;
2089 const double group_av_inactive_zone =
2090 ((gf_group_inactive_zone_rows * 2) /
2091 (rc->baseline_gf_interval * (double)cm->mb_rows));
2094 // rc factor is a weight factor that corrects for local rate control drift.
2095 double rc_factor = 1.0;
2096 if (rc->rate_error_estimate > 0) {
2097 rc_factor = MAX(RC_FACTOR_MIN,
2098 (double)(100 - rc->rate_error_estimate) / 100.0);
2100 rc_factor = MIN(RC_FACTOR_MAX,
2101 (double)(100 - rc->rate_error_estimate) / 100.0);
2104 get_twopass_worst_quality(cpi, group_av_err,
2105 (group_av_skip_pct + group_av_inactive_zone),
2106 vbr_group_bits_per_frame,
2107 twopass->kfgroup_inter_fraction * rc_factor);
2108 twopass->active_worst_quality =
2109 MAX(tmp_q, twopass->active_worst_quality >> 1);
2113 // Calculate the extra bits to be used for boosted frame(s)
2114 gf_arf_bits = calculate_boost_bits(rc->baseline_gf_interval,
2115 rc->gfu_boost, gf_group_bits);
2117 // Adjust KF group bits and error remaining.
2118 twopass->kf_group_error_left -= (int64_t)gf_group_err;
2120 // If this is an arf update we want to remove the score for the overlay
2121 // frame at the end which will usually be very cheap to code.
2122 // The overlay frame has already, in effect, been coded so we want to spread
2123 // the remaining bits among the other frames.
2124 // For normal GFs remove the score for the GF itself unless this is
2125 // also a key frame in which case it has already been accounted for.
2126 if (rc->source_alt_ref_pending) {
2127 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err - mod_frame_err;
2128 } else if (is_key_frame == 0) {
2129 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err - gf_first_frame_err;
2131 gf_group_error_left = gf_group_err;
2134 // Allocate bits to each of the frames in the GF group.
2135 allocate_gf_group_bits(cpi, gf_group_bits, gf_group_error_left, gf_arf_bits);
2137 // Reset the file position.
2138 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
2140 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
2141 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME) {
2142 twopass->section_intra_rating =
2143 calculate_section_intra_ratio(start_pos, twopass->stats_in_end,
2144 rc->baseline_gf_interval);
2147 if (oxcf->resize_mode == RESIZE_DYNAMIC) {
2148 // Default to starting GF groups at normal frame size.
2149 cpi->rc.next_frame_size_selector = UNSCALED;
2153 // Threshold for use of the lagging second reference frame. High second ref
2154 // usage may point to a transient event like a flash or occlusion rather than
2155 // a real scene cut.
2156 #define SECOND_REF_USEAGE_THRESH 0.1
2157 // Minimum % intra coding observed in first pass (1.0 = 100%)
2158 #define MIN_INTRA_LEVEL 0.25
2159 // Minimum ratio between the % of intra coding and inter coding in the first
2160 // pass after discounting neutral blocks (discounting neutral blocks in this
2161 // way helps catch scene cuts in clips with very flat areas or letter box
2162 // format clips with image padding.
2163 #define INTRA_VS_INTER_THRESH 2.0
2164 // Hard threshold where the first pass chooses intra for almost all blocks.
2165 // In such a case even if the frame is not a scene cut coding a key frame
2166 // may be a good option.
2167 #define VERY_LOW_INTER_THRESH 0.05
2168 // Maximum threshold for the relative ratio of intra error score vs best
2169 // inter error score.
2170 #define KF_II_ERR_THRESHOLD 2.5
2171 // In real scene cuts there is almost always a sharp change in the intra
2172 // or inter error score.
2173 #define ERR_CHANGE_THRESHOLD 0.4
2174 // For real scene cuts we expect an improvment in the intra inter error
2175 // ratio in the next frame.
2176 #define II_IMPROVEMENT_THRESHOLD 3.5
2177 #define KF_II_MAX 128.0
2179 static int test_candidate_kf(TWO_PASS *twopass,
2180 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *last_frame,
2181 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame,
2182 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) {
2183 int is_viable_kf = 0;
2184 double pcnt_intra = 1.0 - this_frame->pcnt_inter;
2185 double modified_pcnt_inter =
2186 this_frame->pcnt_inter - this_frame->pcnt_neutral;
2188 // Does the frame satisfy the primary criteria of a key frame?
2189 // See above for an explanation of the test criteria.
2190 // If so, then examine how well it predicts subsequent frames.
2191 if ((this_frame->pcnt_second_ref < SECOND_REF_USEAGE_THRESH) &&
2192 (next_frame->pcnt_second_ref < SECOND_REF_USEAGE_THRESH) &&
2193 ((this_frame->pcnt_inter < VERY_LOW_INTER_THRESH) ||
2194 ((pcnt_intra > MIN_INTRA_LEVEL) &&
2195 (pcnt_intra > (INTRA_VS_INTER_THRESH * modified_pcnt_inter)) &&
2196 ((this_frame->intra_error /
2197 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error)) <
2198 KF_II_ERR_THRESHOLD) &&
2199 ((fabs(last_frame->coded_error - this_frame->coded_error) /
2200 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error) >
2201 ERR_CHANGE_THRESHOLD) ||
2202 (fabs(last_frame->intra_error - this_frame->intra_error) /
2203 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->intra_error) >
2204 ERR_CHANGE_THRESHOLD) ||
2205 ((next_frame->intra_error /
2206 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_frame->coded_error)) >
2207 II_IMPROVEMENT_THRESHOLD))))) {
2209 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *start_pos = twopass->stats_in;
2210 FIRSTPASS_STATS local_next_frame = *next_frame;
2211 double boost_score = 0.0;
2212 double old_boost_score = 0.0;
2213 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
2215 // Examine how well the key frame predicts subsequent frames.
2216 for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
2217 double next_iiratio = (BOOST_FACTOR * local_next_frame.intra_error /
2218 DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(local_next_frame.coded_error));
2220 if (next_iiratio > KF_II_MAX)
2221 next_iiratio = KF_II_MAX;
2223 // Cumulative effect of decay in prediction quality.
2224 if (local_next_frame.pcnt_inter > 0.85)
2225 decay_accumulator *= local_next_frame.pcnt_inter;
2227 decay_accumulator *= (0.85 + local_next_frame.pcnt_inter) / 2.0;
2229 // Keep a running total.
2230 boost_score += (decay_accumulator * next_iiratio);
2232 // Test various breakout clauses.
2233 if ((local_next_frame.pcnt_inter < 0.05) ||
2234 (next_iiratio < 1.5) ||
2235 (((local_next_frame.pcnt_inter -
2236 local_next_frame.pcnt_neutral) < 0.20) &&
2237 (next_iiratio < 3.0)) ||
2238 ((boost_score - old_boost_score) < 3.0) ||
2239 (local_next_frame.intra_error < 200)) {
2243 old_boost_score = boost_score;
2245 // Get the next frame details
2246 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &local_next_frame))
2250 // If there is tolerable prediction for at least the next 3 frames then
2251 // break out else discard this potential key frame and move on
2252 if (boost_score > 30.0 && (i > 3)) {
2255 // Reset the file position
2256 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_pos);
2262 return is_viable_kf;
2265 static void find_next_key_frame(VP10_COMP *cpi, FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) {
2267 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
2268 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2269 GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &twopass->gf_group;
2270 const VP10EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
2271 const FIRSTPASS_STATS first_frame = *this_frame;
2272 const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_position = twopass->stats_in;
2273 FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame;
2274 FIRSTPASS_STATS last_frame;
2276 int loop_decay_counter = 0;
2277 double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
2278 double av_decay_accumulator = 0.0;
2279 double zero_motion_accumulator = 1.0;
2280 double boost_score = 0.0;
2281 double kf_mod_err = 0.0;
2282 double kf_group_err = 0.0;
2283 double recent_loop_decay[8] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
2285 vp10_zero(next_frame);
2287 cpi->common.frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
2289 // Reset the GF group data structures.
2290 vp10_zero(*gf_group);
2292 // Is this a forced key frame by interval.
2293 rc->this_key_frame_forced = rc->next_key_frame_forced;
2295 // Clear the alt ref active flag and last group multi arf flags as they
2296 // can never be set for a key frame.
2297 rc->source_alt_ref_active = 0;
2298 cpi->multi_arf_last_grp_enabled = 0;
2300 // KF is always a GF so clear frames till next gf counter.
2301 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = 0;
2303 rc->frames_to_key = 1;
2305 twopass->kf_group_bits = 0; // Total bits available to kf group
2306 twopass->kf_group_error_left = 0; // Group modified error score.
2308 kf_mod_err = calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
2310 // Find the next keyframe.
2312 while (twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end &&
2313 rc->frames_to_key < cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
2314 // Accumulate kf group error.
2315 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
2317 // Load the next frame's stats.
2318 last_frame = *this_frame;
2319 input_stats(twopass, this_frame);
2321 // Provided that we are not at the end of the file...
2322 if (cpi->oxcf.auto_key && twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end) {
2323 double loop_decay_rate;
2325 // Check for a scene cut.
2326 if (test_candidate_kf(twopass, &last_frame, this_frame,
2330 // How fast is the prediction quality decaying?
2331 loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(cpi, twopass->stats_in);
2333 // We want to know something about the recent past... rather than
2334 // as used elsewhere where we are concerned with decay in prediction
2335 // quality since the last GF or KF.
2336 recent_loop_decay[i % 8] = loop_decay_rate;
2337 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
2338 for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
2339 decay_accumulator *= recent_loop_decay[j];
2341 // Special check for transition or high motion followed by a
2343 if (detect_transition_to_still(cpi, i, cpi->oxcf.key_freq - i,
2344 loop_decay_rate, decay_accumulator))
2347 // Step on to the next frame.
2348 ++rc->frames_to_key;
2350 // If we don't have a real key frame within the next two
2351 // key_freq intervals then break out of the loop.
2352 if (rc->frames_to_key >= 2 * cpi->oxcf.key_freq)
2355 ++rc->frames_to_key;
2360 // If there is a max kf interval set by the user we must obey it.
2361 // We already breakout of the loop above at 2x max.
2362 // This code centers the extra kf if the actual natural interval
2363 // is between 1x and 2x.
2364 if (cpi->oxcf.auto_key &&
2365 rc->frames_to_key > cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
2366 FIRSTPASS_STATS tmp_frame = first_frame;
2368 rc->frames_to_key /= 2;
2370 // Reset to the start of the group.
2371 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
2375 // Rescan to get the correct error data for the forced kf group.
2376 for (i = 0; i < rc->frames_to_key; ++i) {
2377 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, &tmp_frame);
2378 input_stats(twopass, &tmp_frame);
2380 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
2381 } else if (twopass->stats_in == twopass->stats_in_end ||
2382 rc->frames_to_key >= cpi->oxcf.key_freq) {
2383 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
2385 rc->next_key_frame_forced = 0;
2388 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi) && cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers > 1) {
2389 int count = (1 << (cpi->svc.number_temporal_layers - 1)) - 1;
2390 int new_frame_to_key = (rc->frames_to_key + count) & (~count);
2392 for (j = 0; j < new_frame_to_key - rc->frames_to_key; ++j) {
2393 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, this_frame))
2395 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
2397 rc->frames_to_key = new_frame_to_key;
2400 // Special case for the last key frame of the file.
2401 if (twopass->stats_in >= twopass->stats_in_end) {
2402 // Accumulate kf group error.
2403 kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err(cpi, twopass, oxcf, this_frame);
2406 // Calculate the number of bits that should be assigned to the kf group.
2407 if (twopass->bits_left > 0 && twopass->modified_error_left > 0.0) {
2408 // Maximum number of bits for a single normal frame (not key frame).
2409 const int max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, &cpi->oxcf);
2411 // Maximum number of bits allocated to the key frame group.
2412 int64_t max_grp_bits;
2414 // Default allocation based on bits left and relative
2415 // complexity of the section.
2416 twopass->kf_group_bits = (int64_t)(twopass->bits_left *
2417 (kf_group_err / twopass->modified_error_left));
2419 // Clip based on maximum per frame rate defined by the user.
2420 max_grp_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * (int64_t)rc->frames_to_key;
2421 if (twopass->kf_group_bits > max_grp_bits)
2422 twopass->kf_group_bits = max_grp_bits;
2424 twopass->kf_group_bits = 0;
2426 twopass->kf_group_bits = MAX(0, twopass->kf_group_bits);
2428 // Reset the first pass file position.
2429 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
2431 // Scan through the kf group collating various stats used to determine
2432 // how many bits to spend on it.
2433 decay_accumulator = 1.0;
2435 for (i = 0; i < (rc->frames_to_key - 1); ++i) {
2436 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &next_frame))
2439 // Monitor for static sections.
2440 zero_motion_accumulator =
2441 MIN(zero_motion_accumulator,
2442 get_zero_motion_factor(cpi, &next_frame));
2444 // Not all frames in the group are necessarily used in calculating boost.
2445 if ((i <= rc->max_gf_interval) ||
2446 ((i <= (rc->max_gf_interval * 4)) && (decay_accumulator > 0.5))) {
2447 const double frame_boost =
2448 calc_frame_boost(cpi, this_frame, 0, KF_MAX_BOOST);
2450 // How fast is prediction quality decaying.
2451 if (!detect_flash(twopass, 0)) {
2452 const double loop_decay_rate =
2453 get_prediction_decay_rate(cpi, &next_frame);
2454 decay_accumulator *= loop_decay_rate;
2455 decay_accumulator = MAX(decay_accumulator, MIN_DECAY_FACTOR);
2456 av_decay_accumulator += decay_accumulator;
2457 ++loop_decay_counter;
2459 boost_score += (decay_accumulator * frame_boost);
2462 av_decay_accumulator /= (double)loop_decay_counter;
2464 reset_fpf_position(twopass, start_position);
2466 // Store the zero motion percentage
2467 twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct = (int)(zero_motion_accumulator * 100.0);
2469 // Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
2470 twopass->section_intra_rating =
2471 calculate_section_intra_ratio(start_position, twopass->stats_in_end,
2474 // Apply various clamps for min and max boost
2475 rc->kf_boost = (int)(av_decay_accumulator * boost_score);
2476 rc->kf_boost = MAX(rc->kf_boost, (rc->frames_to_key * 3));
2477 rc->kf_boost = MAX(rc->kf_boost, MIN_KF_BOOST);
2479 // Work out how many bits to allocate for the key frame itself.
2480 kf_bits = calculate_boost_bits((rc->frames_to_key - 1),
2481 rc->kf_boost, twopass->kf_group_bits);
2483 // Work out the fraction of the kf group bits reserved for the inter frames
2484 // within the group after discounting the bits for the kf itself.
2485 if (twopass->kf_group_bits) {
2486 twopass->kfgroup_inter_fraction =
2487 (double)(twopass->kf_group_bits - kf_bits) /
2488 (double)twopass->kf_group_bits;
2490 twopass->kfgroup_inter_fraction = 1.0;
2493 twopass->kf_group_bits -= kf_bits;
2495 // Save the bits to spend on the key frame.
2496 gf_group->bit_allocation[0] = kf_bits;
2497 gf_group->update_type[0] = KF_UPDATE;
2498 gf_group->rf_level[0] = KF_STD;
2500 // Note the total error score of the kf group minus the key frame itself.
2501 twopass->kf_group_error_left = (int)(kf_group_err - kf_mod_err);
2503 // Adjust the count of total modified error left.
2504 // The count of bits left is adjusted elsewhere based on real coded frame
2506 twopass->modified_error_left -= kf_group_err;
2508 if (oxcf->resize_mode == RESIZE_DYNAMIC) {
2509 // Default to normal-sized frame on keyframes.
2510 cpi->rc.next_frame_size_selector = UNSCALED;
2514 // Define the reference buffers that will be updated post encode.
2515 static void configure_buffer_updates(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
2516 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2518 cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 0;
2519 switch (twopass->gf_group.update_type[twopass->gf_group.index]) {
2521 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2522 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2523 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
2526 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2527 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2528 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2531 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 1;
2532 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2533 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2535 case OVERLAY_UPDATE:
2536 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2537 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2538 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2539 cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref = 1;
2542 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2543 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2544 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 1;
2550 if (is_two_pass_svc(cpi)) {
2551 if (cpi->svc.temporal_layer_id > 0) {
2552 cpi->refresh_last_frame = 0;
2553 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2555 if (cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id].gold_ref_idx < 0)
2556 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 0;
2557 if (cpi->alt_ref_source == NULL)
2558 cpi->refresh_alt_ref_frame = 0;
2562 static int is_skippable_frame(const VP10_COMP *cpi) {
2563 // If the current frame does not have non-zero motion vector detected in the
2564 // first pass, and so do its previous and forward frames, then this frame
2565 // can be skipped for partition check, and the partition size is assigned
2566 // according to the variance
2567 const SVC *const svc = &cpi->svc;
2568 const TWO_PASS *const twopass = is_two_pass_svc(cpi) ?
2569 &svc->layer_context[svc->spatial_layer_id].twopass : &cpi->twopass;
2571 return (!frame_is_intra_only(&cpi->common) &&
2572 twopass->stats_in - 2 > twopass->stats_in_start &&
2573 twopass->stats_in < twopass->stats_in_end &&
2574 (twopass->stats_in - 1)->pcnt_inter - (twopass->stats_in - 1)->pcnt_motion
2576 (twopass->stats_in - 2)->pcnt_inter - (twopass->stats_in - 2)->pcnt_motion
2578 twopass->stats_in->pcnt_inter - twopass->stats_in->pcnt_motion == 1);
2581 void vp10_rc_get_second_pass_params(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
2582 VP10_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
2583 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
2584 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2585 GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &twopass->gf_group;
2587 FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame;
2590 LAYER_CONTEXT *const lc = is_two_pass_svc(cpi) ?
2591 &cpi->svc.layer_context[cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id] : 0;
2594 frames_left = (int)(twopass->total_stats.count -
2595 lc->current_video_frame_in_layer);
2597 frames_left = (int)(twopass->total_stats.count -
2598 cm->current_video_frame);
2601 if (!twopass->stats_in)
2604 // If this is an arf frame then we dont want to read the stats file or
2605 // advance the input pointer as we already have what we need.
2606 if (gf_group->update_type[gf_group->index] == ARF_UPDATE) {
2608 configure_buffer_updates(cpi);
2609 target_rate = gf_group->bit_allocation[gf_group->index];
2610 target_rate = vp10_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2611 rc->base_frame_target = target_rate;
2613 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2616 if (cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id == 0) {
2617 lc->is_key_frame = 0;
2619 lc->is_key_frame = cpi->svc.layer_context[0].is_key_frame;
2621 if (lc->is_key_frame)
2622 cpi->ref_frame_flags &= (~VP9_LAST_FLAG);
2626 // Do the firstpass stats indicate that this frame is skippable for the
2627 // partition search?
2628 if (cpi->sf.allow_partition_search_skip &&
2629 cpi->oxcf.pass == 2 && (!cpi->use_svc || is_two_pass_svc(cpi))) {
2630 cpi->partition_search_skippable_frame = is_skippable_frame(cpi);
2636 vpx_clear_system_state();
2638 if (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_Q) {
2639 twopass->active_worst_quality = cpi->oxcf.cq_level;
2640 } else if (cm->current_video_frame == 0 ||
2641 (lc != NULL && lc->current_video_frame_in_layer == 0)) {
2642 // Special case code for first frame.
2643 const int section_target_bandwidth = (int)(twopass->bits_left /
2645 const double section_length = twopass->total_left_stats.count;
2646 const double section_error =
2647 twopass->total_left_stats.coded_error / section_length;
2648 const double section_intra_skip =
2649 twopass->total_left_stats.intra_skip_pct / section_length;
2650 const double section_inactive_zone =
2651 (twopass->total_left_stats.inactive_zone_rows * 2) /
2652 ((double)cm->mb_rows * section_length);
2654 get_twopass_worst_quality(cpi, section_error,
2655 section_intra_skip + section_inactive_zone,
2656 section_target_bandwidth, DEFAULT_GRP_WEIGHT);
2658 twopass->active_worst_quality = tmp_q;
2659 twopass->baseline_active_worst_quality = tmp_q;
2660 rc->ni_av_qi = tmp_q;
2661 rc->last_q[INTER_FRAME] = tmp_q;
2662 rc->avg_q = vp10_convert_qindex_to_q(tmp_q, cm->bit_depth);
2663 rc->avg_frame_qindex[INTER_FRAME] = tmp_q;
2664 rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME] = (tmp_q + cpi->oxcf.best_allowed_q) / 2;
2665 rc->avg_frame_qindex[KEY_FRAME] = rc->last_q[KEY_FRAME];
2667 vp10_zero(this_frame);
2668 if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &this_frame))
2671 // Set the frame content type flag.
2672 if (this_frame.intra_skip_pct >= FC_ANIMATION_THRESH)
2673 twopass->fr_content_type = FC_GRAPHICS_ANIMATION;
2675 twopass->fr_content_type = FC_NORMAL;
2677 // Keyframe and section processing.
2678 if (rc->frames_to_key == 0 || (cpi->frame_flags & FRAMEFLAGS_KEY)) {
2679 FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame_copy;
2680 this_frame_copy = this_frame;
2681 // Define next KF group and assign bits to it.
2682 find_next_key_frame(cpi, &this_frame);
2683 this_frame = this_frame_copy;
2685 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2689 if (cpi->svc.spatial_layer_id == 0) {
2690 lc->is_key_frame = (cm->frame_type == KEY_FRAME);
2691 if (lc->is_key_frame) {
2692 cpi->ref_frame_flags &=
2693 (~VP9_LAST_FLAG & ~VP9_GOLD_FLAG & ~VP9_ALT_FLAG);
2694 lc->frames_from_key_frame = 0;
2695 // Encode an intra only empty frame since we have a key frame.
2696 cpi->svc.encode_intra_empty_frame = 1;
2699 cm->frame_type = INTER_FRAME;
2700 lc->is_key_frame = cpi->svc.layer_context[0].is_key_frame;
2702 if (lc->is_key_frame) {
2703 cpi->ref_frame_flags &= (~VP9_LAST_FLAG);
2704 lc->frames_from_key_frame = 0;
2709 // Define a new GF/ARF group. (Should always enter here for key frames).
2710 if (rc->frames_till_gf_update_due == 0) {
2711 define_gf_group(cpi, &this_frame);
2713 rc->frames_till_gf_update_due = rc->baseline_gf_interval;
2715 cpi->refresh_golden_frame = 1;
2717 #if ARF_STATS_OUTPUT
2720 fpfile = fopen("arf.stt", "a");
2722 fprintf(fpfile, "%10d %10ld %10d %10d %10ld\n",
2723 cm->current_video_frame, rc->frames_till_gf_update_due,
2724 rc->kf_boost, arf_count, rc->gfu_boost);
2731 configure_buffer_updates(cpi);
2733 // Do the firstpass stats indicate that this frame is skippable for the
2734 // partition search?
2735 if (cpi->sf.allow_partition_search_skip && cpi->oxcf.pass == 2 &&
2736 (!cpi->use_svc || is_two_pass_svc(cpi))) {
2737 cpi->partition_search_skippable_frame = is_skippable_frame(cpi);
2740 target_rate = gf_group->bit_allocation[gf_group->index];
2741 if (cpi->common.frame_type == KEY_FRAME)
2742 target_rate = vp10_rc_clamp_iframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2744 target_rate = vp10_rc_clamp_pframe_target_size(cpi, target_rate);
2746 rc->base_frame_target = target_rate;
2749 const int num_mbs = (cpi->oxcf.resize_mode != RESIZE_NONE)
2750 ? cpi->initial_mbs : cpi->common.MBs;
2751 // The multiplication by 256 reverses a scaling factor of (>> 8)
2752 // applied when combining MB error values for the frame.
2753 twopass->mb_av_energy =
2754 log(((this_frame.intra_error * 256.0) / num_mbs) + 1.0);
2757 // Update the total stats remaining structure.
2758 subtract_stats(&twopass->total_left_stats, &this_frame);
2761 #define MINQ_ADJ_LIMIT 48
2762 #define MINQ_ADJ_LIMIT_CQ 20
2763 #define HIGH_UNDERSHOOT_RATIO 2
2764 void vp10_twopass_postencode_update(VP10_COMP *cpi) {
2765 TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->twopass;
2766 RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
2767 const int bits_used = rc->base_frame_target;
2769 // VBR correction is done through rc->vbr_bits_off_target. Based on the
2770 // sign of this value, a limited % adjustment is made to the target rate
2771 // of subsequent frames, to try and push it back towards 0. This method
2772 // is designed to prevent extreme behaviour at the end of a clip
2773 // or group of frames.
2774 rc->vbr_bits_off_target += rc->base_frame_target - rc->projected_frame_size;
2775 twopass->bits_left = MAX(twopass->bits_left - bits_used, 0);
2777 // Calculate the pct rc error.
2778 if (rc->total_actual_bits) {
2779 rc->rate_error_estimate =
2780 (int)((rc->vbr_bits_off_target * 100) / rc->total_actual_bits);
2781 rc->rate_error_estimate = clamp(rc->rate_error_estimate, -100, 100);
2783 rc->rate_error_estimate = 0;
2786 if (cpi->common.frame_type != KEY_FRAME &&
2787 !vp10_is_upper_layer_key_frame(cpi)) {
2788 twopass->kf_group_bits -= bits_used;
2789 twopass->last_kfgroup_zeromotion_pct = twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct;
2791 twopass->kf_group_bits = MAX(twopass->kf_group_bits, 0);
2793 // Increment the gf group index ready for the next frame.
2794 ++twopass->gf_group.index;
2796 // If the rate control is drifting consider adjustment to min or maxq.
2797 if ((cpi->oxcf.rc_mode != VPX_Q) &&
2798 (cpi->twopass.gf_zeromotion_pct < VLOW_MOTION_THRESHOLD) &&
2799 !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref) {
2800 const int maxq_adj_limit =
2801 rc->worst_quality - twopass->active_worst_quality;
2802 const int minq_adj_limit =
2803 (cpi->oxcf.rc_mode == VPX_CQ ? MINQ_ADJ_LIMIT_CQ : MINQ_ADJ_LIMIT);
2806 if (rc->rate_error_estimate > cpi->oxcf.under_shoot_pct) {
2807 --twopass->extend_maxq;
2808 if (rc->rolling_target_bits >= rc->rolling_actual_bits)
2809 ++twopass->extend_minq;
2811 } else if (rc->rate_error_estimate < -cpi->oxcf.over_shoot_pct) {
2812 --twopass->extend_minq;
2813 if (rc->rolling_target_bits < rc->rolling_actual_bits)
2814 ++twopass->extend_maxq;
2816 // Adjustment for extreme local overshoot.
2817 if (rc->projected_frame_size > (2 * rc->base_frame_target) &&
2818 rc->projected_frame_size > (2 * rc->avg_frame_bandwidth))
2819 ++twopass->extend_maxq;
2821 // Unwind undershoot or overshoot adjustment.
2822 if (rc->rolling_target_bits < rc->rolling_actual_bits)
2823 --twopass->extend_minq;
2824 else if (rc->rolling_target_bits > rc->rolling_actual_bits)
2825 --twopass->extend_maxq;
2828 twopass->extend_minq = clamp(twopass->extend_minq, 0, minq_adj_limit);
2829 twopass->extend_maxq = clamp(twopass->extend_maxq, 0, maxq_adj_limit);
2831 // If there is a big and undexpected undershoot then feed the extra
2832 // bits back in quickly. One situation where this may happen is if a
2833 // frame is unexpectedly almost perfectly predicted by the ARF or GF
2834 // but not very well predcited by the previous frame.
2835 if (!frame_is_kf_gf_arf(cpi) && !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref) {
2836 int fast_extra_thresh = rc->base_frame_target / HIGH_UNDERSHOOT_RATIO;
2837 if (rc->projected_frame_size < fast_extra_thresh) {
2838 rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast +=
2839 fast_extra_thresh - rc->projected_frame_size;
2840 rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast =
2841 MIN(rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast, (4 * rc->avg_frame_bandwidth));
2843 // Fast adaptation of minQ if necessary to use up the extra bits.
2844 if (rc->avg_frame_bandwidth) {
2845 twopass->extend_minq_fast =
2846 (int)(rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast * 8 / rc->avg_frame_bandwidth);
2848 twopass->extend_minq_fast = MIN(twopass->extend_minq_fast,
2849 minq_adj_limit - twopass->extend_minq);
2850 } else if (rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast) {
2851 twopass->extend_minq_fast = MIN(twopass->extend_minq_fast,
2852 minq_adj_limit - twopass->extend_minq);
2854 twopass->extend_minq_fast = 0;