2 * This test is intended to pass on all platforms supported by Postgres.
3 * We can therefore only assume that the default, C, and POSIX collations
4 * are available --- and since the regression tests are often run in a
5 * C-locale database, these may well all have the same behavior. But
6 * fortunately, the system doesn't know that and will treat them as
7 * incompatible collations. It is therefore at least possible to test
8 * parser behaviors such as collation conflict resolution. This test will,
9 * however, be more revealing when run in a database with non-C locale,
10 * since any departure from C sorting behavior will show as a failure.
12 CREATE SCHEMA collate_tests;
13 SET search_path = collate_tests;
14 CREATE TABLE collate_test1 (
16 b text COLLATE "C" NOT NULL
19 Table "collate_tests.collate_test1"
20 Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
21 --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
23 b | text | C | not null |
25 CREATE TABLE collate_test_fail (
29 ERROR: collations are not supported by type integer
30 LINE 2: a int COLLATE "C",
32 CREATE TABLE collate_test_like (
36 Table "collate_tests.collate_test_like"
37 Column | Type | Collation | Nullable | Default
38 --------+---------+-----------+----------+---------
40 b | text | C | not null |
42 CREATE TABLE collate_test2 (
44 b text COLLATE "POSIX"
46 INSERT INTO collate_test1 VALUES (1, 'abc'), (2, 'Abc'), (3, 'bbc'), (4, 'ABD');
47 INSERT INTO collate_test2 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
48 SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc';
55 SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
62 SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'abc' COLLATE "C";
69 SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
70 ERROR: collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
71 LINE 1: ...* FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc' COLLATE "P...
73 CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_p AS text COLLATE "POSIX";
74 CREATE DOMAIN testdomain_i AS int COLLATE "POSIX"; -- fail
75 ERROR: collations are not supported by type integer
76 CREATE TABLE collate_test4 (
80 INSERT INTO collate_test4 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
81 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test4 ORDER BY b;
90 CREATE TABLE collate_test5 (
92 b testdomain_p COLLATE "C"
94 INSERT INTO collate_test5 SELECT * FROM collate_test1;
95 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test5 ORDER BY b;
104 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
113 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
122 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
132 SELECT * FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b;
141 SELECT * FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY b;
150 -- constant expression folding
151 SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "C" > 'Abc' COLLATE "C" AS "true";
157 SELECT 'bbc' COLLATE "POSIX" < 'Abc' COLLATE "POSIX" AS "false";
164 CREATE TABLE collate_test10 (
167 y text COLLATE "POSIX"
169 INSERT INTO collate_test10 VALUES (1, 'hij', 'hij'), (2, 'HIJ', 'HIJ');
170 SELECT a, lower(x), lower(y), upper(x), upper(y), initcap(x), initcap(y) FROM collate_test10;
171 a | lower | lower | upper | upper | initcap | initcap
172 ---+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+---------
173 1 | hij | hij | HIJ | HIJ | Hij | Hij
174 2 | hij | hij | HIJ | HIJ | Hij | Hij
177 SELECT a, lower(x COLLATE "C"), lower(y COLLATE "C") FROM collate_test10;
184 SELECT a, x, y FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY lower(y), a;
192 CREATE VIEW collview1 AS SELECT * FROM collate_test1 WHERE b COLLATE "C" >= 'bbc';
193 CREATE VIEW collview2 AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY b COLLATE "C";
194 CREATE VIEW collview3 AS SELECT a, lower((x || x) COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
195 SELECT table_name, view_definition FROM information_schema.views
196 WHERE table_name LIKE 'collview%' ORDER BY 1;
197 table_name | view_definition
198 ------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
199 collview1 | SELECT collate_test1.a, +
201 | FROM collate_test1 +
202 | WHERE ((collate_test1.b COLLATE "C") >= 'bbc'::text);
203 collview2 | SELECT collate_test1.a, +
205 | FROM collate_test1 +
206 | ORDER BY (collate_test1.b COLLATE "C");
207 collview3 | SELECT collate_test10.a, +
208 | lower(((collate_test10.x || collate_test10.x) COLLATE "POSIX")) AS lower+
209 | FROM collate_test10;
212 -- collation propagation in various expression types
213 SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
222 SELECT a, coalesce(b, 'foo') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
231 SELECT a, lower(coalesce(x, 'foo')), lower(coalesce(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
238 SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 3;
247 SELECT a, b, greatest(b, 'CCC') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 3;
256 SELECT a, x, y, lower(greatest(x, 'foo')), lower(greatest(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
257 a | x | y | lower | lower
258 ---+-----+-----+-------+-------
259 1 | hij | hij | hij | hij
260 2 | HIJ | HIJ | foo | foo
263 SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
272 SELECT a, nullif(b, 'abc') FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
281 SELECT a, lower(nullif(x, 'foo')), lower(nullif(y, 'foo')) FROM collate_test10;
288 SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
297 SELECT a, CASE b WHEN 'abc' THEN 'abcd' ELSE b END FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
306 CREATE DOMAIN testdomain AS text;
307 SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
316 SELECT a, b::testdomain FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
325 SELECT a, b::testdomain_p FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
334 SELECT a, lower(x::testdomain), lower(y::testdomain) FROM collate_test10;
341 SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test1;
347 SELECT min(b), max(b) FROM collate_test2;
353 SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1;
359 SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2;
365 -- In aggregates, ORDER BY expressions don't affect aggregate's collation
366 SELECT string_agg(x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10; -- fail
367 ERROR: collation mismatch between explicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
368 LINE 1: SELECT string_agg(x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM col...
370 SELECT array_agg(x COLLATE "C" ORDER BY y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
376 SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX") FROM collate_test10;
382 SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x||y) FROM collate_test10; -- fail
383 ERROR: collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
384 LINE 1: SELECT array_agg(a ORDER BY x||y) FROM collate_test10;
386 HINT: You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
387 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
400 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
409 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 4 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a > 1 ORDER BY 2;
416 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 WHERE a < 2 ORDER BY 2;
424 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
425 ERROR: could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
426 HINT: Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
427 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- ok
440 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
441 ERROR: collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
442 LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collat...
444 HINT: You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
445 SELECT a, b COLLATE "C" FROM collate_test1 UNION SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- ok
454 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
455 ERROR: collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
456 LINE 1: ...ELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 INTERSECT SELECT a, b FROM col...
458 HINT: You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
459 SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2; -- fail
460 ERROR: collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
461 LINE 1: SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 EXCEPT SELECT a, b FROM colla...
463 HINT: You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
464 CREATE TABLE test_u AS SELECT a, b FROM collate_test1 UNION ALL SELECT a, b FROM collate_test2; -- fail
465 ERROR: no collation was derived for column "b" with collatable type text
466 HINT: Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
467 -- ideally this would be a parse-time error, but for now it must be run-time:
468 select x < y from collate_test10; -- fail
469 ERROR: could not determine which collation to use for string comparison
470 HINT: Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
471 select x || y from collate_test10; -- ok, because || is not collation aware
478 select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y; -- not so ok
479 ERROR: collation mismatch between implicit collations "C" and "POSIX"
480 LINE 1: select x, y from collate_test10 order by x || y;
482 HINT: You can choose the collation by applying the COLLATE clause to one or both expressions.
483 -- collation mismatch between recursive and non-recursive term
484 WITH RECURSIVE foo(x) AS
485 (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "C"),('b')) t(x)
487 SELECT (x || 'c') COLLATE "POSIX" FROM foo WHERE length(x) < 10)
489 ERROR: recursive query "foo" column 1 has collation "C" in non-recursive term but collation "POSIX" overall
490 LINE 2: (SELECT x FROM (VALUES('a' COLLATE "C"),('b')) t(x)
492 HINT: Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation of the non-recursive term.
493 SELECT a, b, a < b as lt FROM
494 (VALUES ('a', 'B'), ('A', 'b' COLLATE "C")) v(a,b);
502 SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
503 ERROR: syntax error at or near "COLLATE"
504 LINE 1: SELECT CAST('42' AS text COLLATE "C");
506 SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
515 SELECT a, CAST(b AS varchar) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
525 SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test1)) ORDER BY 1;
534 SELECT * FROM unnest((SELECT array_agg(b ORDER BY b) FROM collate_test2)) ORDER BY 1;
543 CREATE FUNCTION dup (anyelement) RETURNS anyelement
544 AS 'select $1' LANGUAGE sql;
545 SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test1 ORDER BY 2;
554 SELECT a, dup(b) FROM collate_test2 ORDER BY 2;
564 CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 (b);
565 CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 (b COLLATE "POSIX");
566 CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 ((b COLLATE "POSIX")); -- this is different grammatically
567 CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 (((b||'foo') COLLATE "POSIX"));
568 CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx5 ON collate_test1 (a COLLATE "POSIX"); -- fail
569 ERROR: collations are not supported by type integer
570 CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "POSIX")); -- fail
571 ERROR: collations are not supported by type integer
572 LINE 1: ...ATE INDEX collate_test1_idx6 ON collate_test1 ((a COLLATE "P...
574 SELECT relname, pg_get_indexdef(oid) FROM pg_class WHERE relname LIKE 'collate_test%_idx%' ORDER BY 1;
575 relname | pg_get_indexdef
576 --------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
577 collate_test1_idx1 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx1 ON collate_test1 USING btree (b)
578 collate_test1_idx2 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx2 ON collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "POSIX")
579 collate_test1_idx3 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx3 ON collate_test1 USING btree (b COLLATE "POSIX")
580 collate_test1_idx4 | CREATE INDEX collate_test1_idx4 ON collate_test1 USING btree (((b || 'foo'::text)) COLLATE "POSIX")
584 -- force indexes and mergejoins to be used for FK checking queries,
585 -- else they might not exercise collation-dependent operators
586 SET enable_seqscan TO 0;
587 SET enable_hashjoin TO 0;
588 SET enable_nestloop TO 0;
589 CREATE TABLE collate_test20 (f1 text COLLATE "C" PRIMARY KEY);
590 INSERT INTO collate_test20 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
591 CREATE TABLE collate_test21 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX" REFERENCES collate_test20);
592 INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar');
593 INSERT INTO collate_test21 VALUES ('baz'); -- fail
594 ERROR: insert or update on table "collate_test21" violates foreign key constraint "collate_test21_f2_fkey"
595 DETAIL: Key (f2)=(baz) is not present in table "collate_test20".
596 CREATE TABLE collate_test22 (f2 text COLLATE "POSIX");
597 INSERT INTO collate_test22 VALUES ('foo'), ('bar'), ('baz');
598 ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20; -- fail
599 ERROR: insert or update on table "collate_test22" violates foreign key constraint "collate_test22_f2_fkey"
600 DETAIL: Key (f2)=(baz) is not present in table "collate_test20".
601 DELETE FROM collate_test22 WHERE f2 = 'baz';
602 ALTER TABLE collate_test22 ADD FOREIGN KEY (f2) REFERENCES collate_test20;
603 RESET enable_seqscan;
604 RESET enable_hashjoin;
605 RESET enable_nestloop;
608 SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x, y;
610 ----------------------------------------------
612 Sort Key: x COLLATE "C", y COLLATE "POSIX"
613 -> Seq Scan on collate_test10
617 SELECT * FROM collate_test10 ORDER BY x DESC, y COLLATE "C" ASC NULLS FIRST;
619 -----------------------------------------------------------
621 Sort Key: x COLLATE "C" DESC, y COLLATE "C" NULLS FIRST
622 -> Seq Scan on collate_test10
625 -- CREATE/DROP COLLATION
626 CREATE COLLATION mycoll1 FROM "C";
627 CREATE COLLATION mycoll2 ( LC_COLLATE = "POSIX", LC_CTYPE = "POSIX" );
628 CREATE COLLATION mycoll3 FROM "default"; -- intentionally unsupported
629 ERROR: collation "default" cannot be copied
630 DROP COLLATION mycoll1;
631 CREATE TABLE collate_test23 (f1 text collate mycoll2);
632 DROP COLLATION mycoll2; -- fail
633 ERROR: cannot drop collation mycoll2 because other objects depend on it
634 DETAIL: table collate_test23 column f1 depends on collation mycoll2
635 HINT: Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
636 -- 9.1 bug with useless COLLATE in an expression subject to length coercion
637 CREATE TEMP TABLE vctable (f1 varchar(25));
638 INSERT INTO vctable VALUES ('foo' COLLATE "C");
639 SELECT collation for ('foo'); -- unknown type - null
645 SELECT collation for ('foo'::text);
651 SELECT collation for ((SELECT a FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1)); -- non-collatable type - error
652 ERROR: collations are not supported by type integer
653 SELECT collation for ((SELECT b FROM collate_test1 LIMIT 1));
660 -- Clean up. Many of these table names will be re-used if the user is
661 -- trying to run any platform-specific collation tests later, so we
662 -- must get rid of them.
665 DROP SCHEMA collate_tests CASCADE;
666 NOTICE: drop cascades to 17 other objects