[postgresql] / src / test / regress / expected / aggregates.out

--
-- AGGREGATES
--
SELECT avg(four) AS avg_1 FROM onek;
       avg_1        
--------------------
 1.5000000000000000
(1 row)

SELECT avg(a) AS avg_32 FROM aggtest WHERE a < 100;
       avg_32        
---------------------
 32.6666666666666667
(1 row)

-- In 7.1, avg(float4) is computed using float8 arithmetic.
-- Round the result to 3 digits to avoid platform-specific results.
SELECT avg(b)::numeric(10,3) AS avg_107_943 FROM aggtest;
 avg_107_943 
-------------
     107.943
(1 row)

SELECT avg(gpa) AS avg_3_4 FROM ONLY student;
 avg_3_4 
---------
     3.4
(1 row)

SELECT sum(four) AS sum_1500 FROM onek;
 sum_1500 
----------
     1500
(1 row)

SELECT sum(a) AS sum_198 FROM aggtest;
 sum_198 
---------
     198
(1 row)

SELECT sum(b) AS avg_431_773 FROM aggtest;
 avg_431_773 
-------------
     431.773
(1 row)

SELECT sum(gpa) AS avg_6_8 FROM ONLY student;
 avg_6_8 
---------
     6.8
(1 row)

SELECT max(four) AS max_3 FROM onek;
 max_3 
-------
     3
(1 row)

SELECT max(a) AS max_100 FROM aggtest;
 max_100 
---------
     100
(1 row)

SELECT max(aggtest.b) AS max_324_78 FROM aggtest;
 max_324_78 
------------
     324.78
(1 row)

SELECT max(student.gpa) AS max_3_7 FROM student;
 max_3_7 
---------
     3.7
(1 row)

SELECT stddev_pop(b) FROM aggtest;
   stddev_pop    
-----------------
 131.10703231895
(1 row)

SELECT stddev_samp(b) FROM aggtest;
   stddev_samp    
------------------
 151.389360803998
(1 row)

SELECT var_pop(b) FROM aggtest;
     var_pop      
------------------
 17189.0539234823
(1 row)

SELECT var_samp(b) FROM aggtest;
     var_samp     
------------------
 22918.7385646431
(1 row)

SELECT stddev_pop(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
    stddev_pop    
------------------
 131.107032862199
(1 row)

SELECT stddev_samp(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
   stddev_samp    
------------------
 151.389361431288
(1 row)

SELECT var_pop(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
      var_pop       
--------------------
 17189.054065929769
(1 row)

SELECT var_samp(b::numeric) FROM aggtest;
      var_samp      
--------------------
 22918.738754573025
(1 row)

-- population variance is defined for a single tuple, sample variance
-- is not
SELECT var_pop(1.0), var_samp(2.0);
 var_pop | var_samp 
---------+----------
       0 |         
(1 row)

SELECT stddev_pop(3.0::numeric), stddev_samp(4.0::numeric);
 stddev_pop | stddev_samp 
------------+-------------
          0 |            
(1 row)

-- verify correct results for null and NaN inputs
select sum(null::int4) from generate_series(1,3);
 sum 
-----
    
(1 row)

select sum(null::int8) from generate_series(1,3);
 sum 
-----
    
(1 row)

select sum(null::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
 sum 
-----
    
(1 row)

select sum(null::float8) from generate_series(1,3);
 sum 
-----
    
(1 row)

select avg(null::int4) from generate_series(1,3);
 avg 
-----
    
(1 row)

select avg(null::int8) from generate_series(1,3);
 avg 
-----
    
(1 row)

select avg(null::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
 avg 
-----
    
(1 row)

select avg(null::float8) from generate_series(1,3);
 avg 
-----
    
(1 row)

select sum('NaN'::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
 sum 
-----
 NaN
(1 row)

select avg('NaN'::numeric) from generate_series(1,3);
 avg 
-----
 NaN
(1 row)

-- SQL2003 binary aggregates
SELECT regr_count(b, a) FROM aggtest;
 regr_count 
------------
          4
(1 row)

SELECT regr_sxx(b, a) FROM aggtest;
 regr_sxx 
----------
     5099
(1 row)

SELECT regr_syy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
     regr_syy     
------------------
 68756.2156939293
(1 row)

SELECT regr_sxy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
     regr_sxy     
------------------
 2614.51582155004
(1 row)

SELECT regr_avgx(b, a), regr_avgy(b, a) FROM aggtest;
 regr_avgx |    regr_avgy     
-----------+------------------
      49.5 | 107.943152273074
(1 row)

SELECT regr_r2(b, a) FROM aggtest;
      regr_r2       
--------------------
 0.0194977982031803
(1 row)

SELECT regr_slope(b, a), regr_intercept(b, a) FROM aggtest;
    regr_slope     |  regr_intercept  
-------------------+------------------
 0.512750700441271 | 82.5619926012309
(1 row)

SELECT covar_pop(b, a), covar_samp(b, a) FROM aggtest;
    covar_pop    |    covar_samp    
-----------------+------------------
 653.62895538751 | 871.505273850014
(1 row)

SELECT corr(b, a) FROM aggtest;
       corr        
-------------------
 0.139634516517873
(1 row)

SELECT count(four) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
 cnt_1000 
----------
     1000
(1 row)

SELECT count(DISTINCT four) AS cnt_4 FROM onek;
 cnt_4 
-------
     4
(1 row)

select ten, count(*), sum(four) from onek
group by ten order by ten;
 ten | count | sum 
-----+-------+-----
   0 |   100 | 100
   1 |   100 | 200
   2 |   100 | 100
   3 |   100 | 200
   4 |   100 | 100
   5 |   100 | 200
   6 |   100 | 100
   7 |   100 | 200
   8 |   100 | 100
   9 |   100 | 200
(10 rows)

select ten, count(four), sum(DISTINCT four) from onek
group by ten order by ten;
 ten | count | sum 
-----+-------+-----
   0 |   100 |   2
   1 |   100 |   4
   2 |   100 |   2
   3 |   100 |   4
   4 |   100 |   2
   5 |   100 |   4
   6 |   100 |   2
   7 |   100 |   4
   8 |   100 |   2
   9 |   100 |   4
(10 rows)

-- user-defined aggregates
SELECT newavg(four) AS avg_1 FROM onek;
       avg_1        
--------------------
 1.5000000000000000
(1 row)

SELECT newsum(four) AS sum_1500 FROM onek;
 sum_1500 
----------
     1500
(1 row)

SELECT newcnt(four) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
 cnt_1000 
----------
     1000
(1 row)

SELECT newcnt(*) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
 cnt_1000 
----------
     1000
(1 row)

SELECT oldcnt(*) AS cnt_1000 FROM onek;
 cnt_1000 
----------
     1000
(1 row)

SELECT sum2(q1,q2) FROM int8_tbl;
       sum2        
-------------------
 18271560493827981
(1 row)

-- test for outer-level aggregates
-- this should work
select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
group by ten
having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
 ten | sum 
-----+-----
   0 |   2
   2 |   2
   4 |   2
   6 |   2
   8 |   2
(5 rows)

-- this should fail because subquery has an agg of its own in WHERE
select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
group by ten
having exists (select 1 from onek b
               where sum(distinct a.four + b.four) = b.four);
ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in WHERE
LINE 4:                where sum(distinct a.four + b.four) = b.four)...
                             ^
-- Test handling of sublinks within outer-level aggregates.
-- Per bug report from Daniel Grace.
select
  (select max((select i.unique2 from tenk1 i where i.unique1 = o.unique1)))
from tenk1 o;
 max  
------
 9999
(1 row)

--
-- test for bitwise integer aggregates
--
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE bitwise_test(
  i2 INT2,
  i4 INT4,
  i8 INT8,
  i INTEGER,
  x INT2,
  y BIT(4)
);
-- empty case
SELECT
  BIT_AND(i2) AS "?",
  BIT_OR(i4)  AS "?"
FROM bitwise_test;
 ? | ? 
---+---
   |  
(1 row)

COPY bitwise_test FROM STDIN NULL 'null';
SELECT
  BIT_AND(i2) AS "1",
  BIT_AND(i4) AS "1",
  BIT_AND(i8) AS "1",
  BIT_AND(i)  AS "?",
  BIT_AND(x)  AS "0",
  BIT_AND(y)  AS "0100",
  BIT_OR(i2)  AS "7",
  BIT_OR(i4)  AS "7",
  BIT_OR(i8)  AS "7",
  BIT_OR(i)   AS "?",
  BIT_OR(x)   AS "7",
  BIT_OR(y)   AS "1101"
FROM bitwise_test;
 1 | 1 | 1 | ? | 0 | 0100 | 7 | 7 | 7 | ? | 7 | 1101 
---+---+---+---+---+------+---+---+---+---+---+------
 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0100 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 7 | 1101
(1 row)

--
-- test boolean aggregates
--
-- first test all possible transition and final states
SELECT
  -- boolean and transitions
  -- null because strict
  booland_statefunc(NULL, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
  booland_statefunc(TRUE, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
  booland_statefunc(FALSE, NULL) IS NULL AS "t",
  booland_statefunc(NULL, TRUE)  IS NULL AS "t",
  booland_statefunc(NULL, FALSE) IS NULL AS "t",
  -- and actual computations
  booland_statefunc(TRUE, TRUE) AS "t",
  NOT booland_statefunc(TRUE, FALSE) AS "t",
  NOT booland_statefunc(FALSE, TRUE) AS "t",
  NOT booland_statefunc(FALSE, FALSE) AS "t";
 t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t 
---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
 t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t
(1 row)

SELECT
  -- boolean or transitions
  -- null because strict
  boolor_statefunc(NULL, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, NULL)  IS NULL AS "t",
  boolor_statefunc(FALSE, NULL) IS NULL AS "t",
  boolor_statefunc(NULL, TRUE)  IS NULL AS "t",
  boolor_statefunc(NULL, FALSE) IS NULL AS "t",
  -- actual computations
  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, TRUE) AS "t",
  boolor_statefunc(TRUE, FALSE) AS "t",
  boolor_statefunc(FALSE, TRUE) AS "t",
  NOT boolor_statefunc(FALSE, FALSE) AS "t";
 t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t 
---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---
 t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t
(1 row)

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE bool_test(
  b1 BOOL,
  b2 BOOL,
  b3 BOOL,
  b4 BOOL);
-- empty case
SELECT
  BOOL_AND(b1)   AS "n",
  BOOL_OR(b3)    AS "n"
FROM bool_test;
 n | n 
---+---
   | 
(1 row)

COPY bool_test FROM STDIN NULL 'null';
SELECT
  BOOL_AND(b1)     AS "f",
  BOOL_AND(b2)     AS "t",
  BOOL_AND(b3)     AS "f",
  BOOL_AND(b4)     AS "n",
  BOOL_AND(NOT b2) AS "f",
  BOOL_AND(NOT b3) AS "t"
FROM bool_test;
 f | t | f | n | f | t 
---+---+---+---+---+---
 f | t | f |   | f | t
(1 row)

SELECT
  EVERY(b1)     AS "f",
  EVERY(b2)     AS "t",
  EVERY(b3)     AS "f",
  EVERY(b4)     AS "n",
  EVERY(NOT b2) AS "f",
  EVERY(NOT b3) AS "t"
FROM bool_test;
 f | t | f | n | f | t 
---+---+---+---+---+---
 f | t | f |   | f | t
(1 row)

SELECT
  BOOL_OR(b1)      AS "t",
  BOOL_OR(b2)      AS "t",
  BOOL_OR(b3)      AS "f",
  BOOL_OR(b4)      AS "n",
  BOOL_OR(NOT b2)  AS "f",
  BOOL_OR(NOT b3)  AS "t"
FROM bool_test;
 t | t | f | n | f | t 
---+---+---+---+---+---
 t | t | f |   | f | t
(1 row)

--
-- Test cases that should be optimized into indexscans instead of
-- the generic aggregate implementation.
--
-- Basic cases
explain (costs off)
  select min(unique1) from tenk1;
                         QUERY PLAN                         
------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
(5 rows)

select min(unique1) from tenk1;
 min 
-----
   0
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique1) from tenk1;
                             QUERY PLAN                              
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
(5 rows)

select max(unique1) from tenk1;
 max  
------
 9999
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < 42;
                               QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 < 42))
(5 rows)

select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 < 42;
 max 
-----
  41
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42;
                               QUERY PLAN                               
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 > 42))
(5 rows)

select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42;
 max  
------
 9999
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42000;
                                QUERY PLAN                                 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 > 42000))
(5 rows)

select max(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > 42000;
 max 
-----
    
(1 row)

-- multi-column index (uses tenk1_thous_tenthous)
explain (costs off)
  select max(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
                                 QUERY PLAN                                 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
                 Index Cond: ((thousand = 33) AND (tenthous IS NOT NULL))
(5 rows)

select max(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
 max  
------
 9033
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select min(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
                                QUERY PLAN                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_thous_tenthous on tenk1
                 Index Cond: ((thousand = 33) AND (tenthous IS NOT NULL))
(5 rows)

select min(tenthous) from tenk1 where thousand = 33;
 min 
-----
  33
(1 row)

-- check parameter propagation into an indexscan subquery
explain (costs off)
  select f1, (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > f1) AS gt
    from int4_tbl;
                                       QUERY PLAN                                        
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Seq Scan on int4_tbl
   SubPlan 2
     ->  Result
           InitPlan 1 (returns $1)
             ->  Limit
                   ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
                         Index Cond: ((unique1 IS NOT NULL) AND (unique1 > int4_tbl.f1))
(7 rows)

select f1, (select min(unique1) from tenk1 where unique1 > f1) AS gt
  from int4_tbl;
     f1      | gt 
-------------+----
           0 |  1
      123456 |   
     -123456 |  0
  2147483647 |   
 -2147483647 |  0
(5 rows)

-- check some cases that were handled incorrectly in 8.3.0
explain (costs off)
  select distinct max(unique2) from tenk1;
                             QUERY PLAN                              
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 HashAggregate
   Group Key: $0
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Result
(7 rows)

select distinct max(unique2) from tenk1;
 max  
------
 9999
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by 1;
                             QUERY PLAN                              
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: ($0)
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Result
(7 rows)

select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by 1;
 max  
------
 9999
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2);
                             QUERY PLAN                              
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: ($0)
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Result
(7 rows)

select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2);
 max  
------
 9999
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2)+1;
                             QUERY PLAN                              
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (($0 + 1))
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Result
(7 rows)

select max(unique2) from tenk1 order by max(unique2)+1;
 max  
------
 9999
(1 row)

explain (costs off)
  select max(unique2), generate_series(1,3) as g from tenk1 order by g desc;
                             QUERY PLAN                              
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Sort
   Sort Key: (generate_series(1, 3))
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Index Only Scan Backward using tenk1_unique2 on tenk1
                 Index Cond: (unique2 IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Result
(7 rows)

select max(unique2), generate_series(1,3) as g from tenk1 order by g desc;
 max  | g 
------+---
 9999 | 3
 9999 | 2
 9999 | 1
(3 rows)

-- try it on an inheritance tree
create table minmaxtest(f1 int);
create table minmaxtest1() inherits (minmaxtest);
create table minmaxtest2() inherits (minmaxtest);
create table minmaxtest3() inherits (minmaxtest);
create index minmaxtesti on minmaxtest(f1);
create index minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1(f1);
create index minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2(f1 desc);
create index minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3(f1) where f1 is not null;
insert into minmaxtest values(11), (12);
insert into minmaxtest1 values(13), (14);
insert into minmaxtest2 values(15), (16);
insert into minmaxtest3 values(17), (18);
explain (costs off)
  select min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
                                          QUERY PLAN                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Result
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: minmaxtest.f1
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: minmaxtest_1.f1
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest minmaxtest_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1 minmaxtest1_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2 minmaxtest2_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3 minmaxtest3_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
(25 rows)

select min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
 min | max 
-----+-----
  11 |  18
(1 row)

-- DISTINCT doesn't do anything useful here, but it shouldn't fail
explain (costs off)
  select distinct min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
                                          QUERY PLAN                                          
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 HashAggregate
   Group Key: $0, $1
   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: minmaxtest.f1
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
   InitPlan 2 (returns $1)
     ->  Limit
           ->  Merge Append
                 Sort Key: minmaxtest_1.f1
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtesti on minmaxtest minmaxtest_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest1i on minmaxtest1 minmaxtest1_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan using minmaxtest2i on minmaxtest2 minmaxtest2_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
                 ->  Index Only Scan Backward using minmaxtest3i on minmaxtest3 minmaxtest3_1
                       Index Cond: (f1 IS NOT NULL)
   ->  Result
(27 rows)

select distinct min(f1), max(f1) from minmaxtest;
 min | max 
-----+-----
  11 |  18
(1 row)

drop table minmaxtest cascade;
NOTICE:  drop cascades to 3 other objects
DETAIL:  drop cascades to table minmaxtest1
drop cascades to table minmaxtest2
drop cascades to table minmaxtest3
-- check for correct detection of nested-aggregate errors
select max(min(unique1)) from tenk1;
ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
LINE 1: select max(min(unique1)) from tenk1;
                   ^
select (select max(min(unique1)) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
ERROR:  aggregate function calls cannot be nested
LINE 1: select (select max(min(unique1)) from int8_tbl) from tenk1;
                           ^
--
-- Test combinations of DISTINCT and/or ORDER BY
--
select array_agg(a order by b)
  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
 array_agg 
-----------
 {3,4,2,1}
(1 row)

select array_agg(a order by a)
  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
 array_agg 
-----------
 {1,2,3,4}
(1 row)

select array_agg(a order by a desc)
  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
 array_agg 
-----------
 {4,3,2,1}
(1 row)

select array_agg(b order by a desc)
  from (values (1,4),(2,3),(3,1),(4,2)) v(a,b);
 array_agg 
-----------
 {2,1,3,4}
(1 row)

select array_agg(distinct a)
  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
  array_agg   
--------------
 {1,2,3,NULL}
(1 row)

select array_agg(distinct a order by a)
  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
  array_agg   
--------------
 {1,2,3,NULL}
(1 row)

select array_agg(distinct a order by a desc)
  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
  array_agg   
--------------
 {NULL,3,2,1}
(1 row)

select array_agg(distinct a order by a desc nulls last)
  from (values (1),(2),(1),(3),(null),(2)) v(a);
  array_agg   
--------------
 {3,2,1,NULL}
(1 row)

-- multi-arg aggs, strict/nonstrict, distinct/order by
select aggfstr(a,b,c)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
                aggfstr                
---------------------------------------
 {"(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

select aggfns(a,b,c)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(1,3,foo)","(0,,)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

select aggfstr(distinct a,b,c)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,3) i;
                aggfstr                
---------------------------------------
 {"(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

select aggfns(distinct a,b,c)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,3) i;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

select aggfstr(distinct a,b,c order by b)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,3) i;
                aggfstr                
---------------------------------------
 {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)"}
(1 row)

select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by b)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,3) i;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
(1 row)

-- test specific code paths
select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by c using ~<~,a)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,2) i;
                     aggfns                     
------------------------------------------------
 {"(2,2,bar)","(3,3,baz)","(1,1,foo)","(0,0,)"}
(1 row)

select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by c using ~<~)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,2) i;
                     aggfns                     
------------------------------------------------
 {"(2,2,bar)","(3,3,baz)","(1,1,foo)","(0,0,)"}
(1 row)

select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,2) i;
                     aggfns                     
------------------------------------------------
 {"(0,0,)","(1,1,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,3,baz)"}
(1 row)

select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b)
  from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
       generate_series(1,2) i;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

-- check node I/O via view creation and usage, also deparsing logic
create view agg_view1 as
  select aggfns(a,b,c)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
select * from agg_view1;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(1,3,foo)","(0,,)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.b, v.c) AS aggfns                                                                            +
    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
(1 row)

create or replace view agg_view1 as
  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
         generate_series(1,3) i;
select * from agg_view1;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SELECT aggfns(DISTINCT v.a, v.b, v.c) AS aggfns                                                                   +
    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c),+
     generate_series(1, 3) i(i);
(1 row)

create or replace view agg_view1 as
  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by b)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
         generate_series(1,3) i;
select * from agg_view1;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
(1 row)

select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SELECT aggfns(DISTINCT v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY v.b) AS aggfns                                                      +
    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c),+
     generate_series(1, 3) i(i);
(1 row)

create or replace view agg_view1 as
  select aggfns(a,b,c order by b+1)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
select * from agg_view1;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(3,1,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
(1 row)

select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY (v.b + 1)) AS aggfns                                                         +
    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
(1 row)

create or replace view agg_view1 as
  select aggfns(a,a,c order by b)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
select * from agg_view1;
                     aggfns                     
------------------------------------------------
 {"(3,3,baz)","(2,2,bar)","(1,1,foo)","(0,0,)"}
(1 row)

select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.a, v.c ORDER BY v.b) AS aggfns                                                               +
    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
(1 row)

create or replace view agg_view1 as
  select aggfns(a,b,c order by c using ~<~)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c);
select * from agg_view1;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)","(1,3,foo)","(0,,)"}
(1 row)

select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SELECT aggfns(v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY v.c USING ~<~ NULLS LAST) AS aggfns                                          +
    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c);
(1 row)

create or replace view agg_view1 as
  select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
         generate_series(1,2) i;
select * from agg_view1;
                    aggfns                     
-----------------------------------------------
 {"(0,,)","(1,3,foo)","(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

select pg_get_viewdef('agg_view1'::regclass);
                                                   pg_get_viewdef                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  SELECT aggfns(DISTINCT v.a, v.b, v.c ORDER BY v.a, v.c USING ~<~ NULLS LAST, v.b) AS aggfns                       +
    FROM ( VALUES (1,3,'foo'::text), (0,NULL::integer,NULL::text), (2,2,'bar'::text), (3,1,'baz'::text)) v(a, b, c),+
     generate_series(1, 2) i(i);
(1 row)

drop view agg_view1;
-- incorrect DISTINCT usage errors
select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by i)
  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by i)
                                              ^
select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b+1)
  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b+1)
                                                ^
select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b,i,c)
  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,b,i,c)
                                                  ^
select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a,b)
  from (values (1,1,'foo')) v(a,b,c), generate_series(1,2) i;
ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
LINE 1: select aggfns(distinct a,a,c order by a,b)
                                                ^
-- string_agg tests
select string_agg(a,',') from (values('aaaa'),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
   string_agg   
----------------
 aaaa,bbbb,cccc
(1 row)

select string_agg(a,',') from (values('aaaa'),(null),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
   string_agg   
----------------
 aaaa,bbbb,cccc
(1 row)

select string_agg(a,'AB') from (values(null),(null),('bbbb'),('cccc')) g(a);
 string_agg 
------------
 bbbbABcccc
(1 row)

select string_agg(a,',') from (values(null),(null)) g(a);
 string_agg 
------------
 
(1 row)

-- check some implicit casting cases, as per bug #5564
select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1) from varchar_tbl;  -- ok
 string_agg 
------------
 a,ab,abcd
(1 row)

select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1) from varchar_tbl;  -- not ok
ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
LINE 1: select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1) from v...
                                                          ^
select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1::text) from varchar_tbl;  -- not ok
ERROR:  in an aggregate with DISTINCT, ORDER BY expressions must appear in argument list
LINE 1: select string_agg(distinct f1, ',' order by f1::text) from v...
                                                    ^
select string_agg(distinct f1::text, ',' order by f1::text) from varchar_tbl;  -- ok
 string_agg 
------------
 a,ab,abcd
(1 row)

-- string_agg bytea tests
create table bytea_test_table(v bytea);
select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
 string_agg 
------------
 
(1 row)

insert into bytea_test_table values(decode('ff','hex'));
select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
 string_agg 
------------
 \xff
(1 row)

insert into bytea_test_table values(decode('aa','hex'));
select string_agg(v, '') from bytea_test_table;
 string_agg 
------------
 \xffaa
(1 row)

select string_agg(v, NULL) from bytea_test_table;
 string_agg 
------------
 \xffaa
(1 row)

select string_agg(v, decode('ee', 'hex')) from bytea_test_table;
 string_agg 
------------
 \xffeeaa
(1 row)

drop table bytea_test_table;
-- FILTER tests
select min(unique1) filter (where unique1 > 100) from tenk1;
 min 
-----
 101
(1 row)

select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four::text ~ '123') from onek a
group by ten;
 ten | sum 
-----+-----
   0 |    
   1 |    
   2 |    
   3 |    
   4 |    
   5 |    
   6 |    
   7 |    
   8 |    
   9 |    
(10 rows)

select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four > 10) from onek a
group by ten
having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
 ten | sum 
-----+-----
   0 |    
   2 |    
   4 |    
   6 |    
   8 |    
(5 rows)

select max(foo COLLATE "C") filter (where (bar collate "POSIX") > '0')
from (values ('a', 'b')) AS v(foo,bar);
 max 
-----
 a
(1 row)

-- outer reference in FILTER (PostgreSQL extension)
select (select count(*)
        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- inner query is aggregation query
 count 
-------
     1
     1
(2 rows)

select (select count(*) filter (where outer_c <> 0)
        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- outer query is aggregation query
 count 
-------
     2
(1 row)

select (select count(inner_c) filter (where outer_c <> 0)
        from (values (1)) t0(inner_c))
from (values (2),(3)) t1(outer_c); -- inner query is aggregation query
 count 
-------
     1
     1
(2 rows)

select
  (select max((select i.unique2 from tenk1 i where i.unique1 = o.unique1))
     filter (where o.unique1 < 10))
from tenk1 o;                                   -- outer query is aggregation query
 max  
------
 9998
(1 row)

-- subquery in FILTER clause (PostgreSQL extension)
select sum(unique1) FILTER (WHERE
  unique1 IN (SELECT unique1 FROM onek where unique1 < 100)) FROM tenk1;
 sum  
------
 4950
(1 row)

-- exercise lots of aggregate parts with FILTER
select aggfns(distinct a,b,c order by a,c using ~<~,b) filter (where a > 1)
    from (values (1,3,'foo'),(0,null,null),(2,2,'bar'),(3,1,'baz')) v(a,b,c),
    generate_series(1,2) i;
          aggfns           
---------------------------
 {"(2,2,bar)","(3,1,baz)"}
(1 row)

-- variadic aggregates
select least_agg(q1,q2) from int8_tbl;
     least_agg     
-------------------
 -4567890123456789
(1 row)

select least_agg(variadic array[q1,q2]) from int8_tbl;
     least_agg     
-------------------
 -4567890123456789
(1 row)