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[postgresql] / src / include / nodes / plannodes.h

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * plannodes.h
 *        definitions for query plan nodes
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2017, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/nodes/plannodes.h
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef PLANNODES_H
#define PLANNODES_H

#include "access/sdir.h"
#include "lib/stringinfo.h"
#include "nodes/bitmapset.h"
#include "nodes/lockoptions.h"
#include "nodes/primnodes.h"


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *                                              node definitions
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

/* ----------------
 *              PlannedStmt node
 *
 * The output of the planner is a Plan tree headed by a PlannedStmt node.
 * PlannedStmt holds the "one time" information needed by the executor.
 *
 * For simplicity in APIs, we also wrap utility statements in PlannedStmt
 * nodes; in such cases, commandType == CMD_UTILITY, the statement itself
 * is in the utilityStmt field, and the rest of the struct is mostly dummy.
 * (We do use canSetTag, stmt_location, stmt_len, and possibly queryId.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct PlannedStmt
{
        NodeTag         type;

        CmdType         commandType;    /* select|insert|update|delete|utility */

        uint32          queryId;                /* query identifier (copied from Query) */

        bool            hasReturning;   /* is it insert|update|delete RETURNING? */

        bool            hasModifyingCTE;        /* has insert|update|delete in WITH? */

        bool            canSetTag;              /* do I set the command result tag? */

        bool            transientPlan;  /* redo plan when TransactionXmin changes? */

        bool            dependsOnRole;  /* is plan specific to current role? */

        bool            parallelModeNeeded;             /* parallel mode required to execute? */

        struct Plan *planTree;          /* tree of Plan nodes */

        List       *rtable;                     /* list of RangeTblEntry nodes */

        /* rtable indexes of target relations for INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE */
        List       *resultRelations;    /* integer list of RT indexes, or NIL */

        /*
         * rtable indexes of non-leaf target relations for UPDATE/DELETE on all
         * the partitioned table mentioned in the query.
         */
        List       *nonleafResultRelations;

        /*
         * rtable indexes of root target relations for UPDATE/DELETE; this list
         * maintains a subset of the RT indexes in nonleafResultRelations,
         * indicating the roots of the respective partition hierarchies.
         */
        List       *rootResultRelations;

        List       *subplans;           /* Plan trees for SubPlan expressions; note
                                                                 * that some could be NULL */

        Bitmapset  *rewindPlanIDs;      /* indices of subplans that require REWIND */

        List       *rowMarks;           /* a list of PlanRowMark's */

        List       *relationOids;       /* OIDs of relations the plan depends on */

        List       *invalItems;         /* other dependencies, as PlanInvalItems */

        int                     nParamExec;             /* number of PARAM_EXEC Params used */

        Node       *utilityStmt;        /* non-null if this is utility stmt */

        /* statement location in source string (copied from Query) */
        int                     stmt_location;  /* start location, or -1 if unknown */
        int                     stmt_len;               /* length in bytes; 0 means "rest of string" */
} PlannedStmt;

/* macro for fetching the Plan associated with a SubPlan node */
#define exec_subplan_get_plan(plannedstmt, subplan) \
        ((Plan *) list_nth((plannedstmt)->subplans, (subplan)->plan_id - 1))


/* ----------------
 *              Plan node
 *
 * All plan nodes "derive" from the Plan structure by having the
 * Plan structure as the first field.  This ensures that everything works
 * when nodes are cast to Plan's.  (node pointers are frequently cast to Plan*
 * when passed around generically in the executor)
 *
 * We never actually instantiate any Plan nodes; this is just the common
 * abstract superclass for all Plan-type nodes.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Plan
{
        NodeTag         type;

        /*
         * estimated execution costs for plan (see costsize.c for more info)
         */
        Cost            startup_cost;   /* cost expended before fetching any tuples */
        Cost            total_cost;             /* total cost (assuming all tuples fetched) */

        /*
         * planner's estimate of result size of this plan step
         */
        double          plan_rows;              /* number of rows plan is expected to emit */
        int                     plan_width;             /* average row width in bytes */

        /*
         * information needed for parallel query
         */
        bool            parallel_aware; /* engage parallel-aware logic? */
        bool            parallel_safe;  /* OK to use as part of parallel plan? */

        /*
         * Common structural data for all Plan types.
         */
        int                     plan_node_id;   /* unique across entire final plan tree */
        List       *targetlist;         /* target list to be computed at this node */
        List       *qual;                       /* implicitly-ANDed qual conditions */
        struct Plan *lefttree;          /* input plan tree(s) */
        struct Plan *righttree;
        List       *initPlan;           /* Init Plan nodes (un-correlated expr
                                                                 * subselects) */

        /*
         * Information for management of parameter-change-driven rescanning
         *
         * extParam includes the paramIDs of all external PARAM_EXEC params
         * affecting this plan node or its children.  setParam params from the
         * node's initPlans are not included, but their extParams are.
         *
         * allParam includes all the extParam paramIDs, plus the IDs of local
         * params that affect the node (i.e., the setParams of its initplans).
         * These are _all_ the PARAM_EXEC params that affect this node.
         */
        Bitmapset  *extParam;
        Bitmapset  *allParam;
} Plan;

/* ----------------
 *      these are defined to avoid confusion problems with "left"
 *      and "right" and "inner" and "outer".  The convention is that
 *      the "left" plan is the "outer" plan and the "right" plan is
 *      the inner plan, but these make the code more readable.
 * ----------------
 */
#define innerPlan(node)                 (((Plan *)(node))->righttree)
#define outerPlan(node)                 (((Plan *)(node))->lefttree)


/* ----------------
 *       Result node -
 *              If no outer plan, evaluate a variable-free targetlist.
 *              If outer plan, return tuples from outer plan (after a level of
 *              projection as shown by targetlist).
 *
 * If resconstantqual isn't NULL, it represents a one-time qualification
 * test (i.e., one that doesn't depend on any variables from the outer plan,
 * so needs to be evaluated only once).
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Result
{
        Plan            plan;
        Node       *resconstantqual;
} Result;

/* ----------------
 *       ProjectSet node -
 *              Apply a projection that includes set-returning functions to the
 *              output tuples of the outer plan.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ProjectSet
{
        Plan            plan;
} ProjectSet;

/* ----------------
 *       ModifyTable node -
 *              Apply rows produced by subplan(s) to result table(s),
 *              by inserting, updating, or deleting.
 *
 * Note that rowMarks and epqParam are presumed to be valid for all the
 * subplan(s); they can't contain any info that varies across subplans.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ModifyTable
{
        Plan            plan;
        CmdType         operation;              /* INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE */
        bool            canSetTag;              /* do we set the command tag/es_processed? */
        Index           nominalRelation;        /* Parent RT index for use of EXPLAIN */
        /* RT indexes of non-leaf tables in a partition tree */
        List       *partitioned_rels;
        List       *resultRelations;    /* integer list of RT indexes */
        int                     resultRelIndex; /* index of first resultRel in plan's list */
        int                     rootResultRelIndex;             /* index of the partitioned table root */
        List       *plans;                      /* plan(s) producing source data */
        List       *withCheckOptionLists;       /* per-target-table WCO lists */
        List       *returningLists; /* per-target-table RETURNING tlists */
        List       *fdwPrivLists;       /* per-target-table FDW private data lists */
        Bitmapset  *fdwDirectModifyPlans;       /* indices of FDW DM plans */
        List       *rowMarks;           /* PlanRowMarks (non-locking only) */
        int                     epqParam;               /* ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval */
        OnConflictAction onConflictAction;      /* ON CONFLICT action */
        List       *arbiterIndexes; /* List of ON CONFLICT arbiter index OIDs  */
        List       *onConflictSet;      /* SET for INSERT ON CONFLICT DO UPDATE */
        Node       *onConflictWhere;    /* WHERE for ON CONFLICT UPDATE */
        Index           exclRelRTI;             /* RTI of the EXCLUDED pseudo relation */
        List       *exclRelTlist;       /* tlist of the EXCLUDED pseudo relation */
} ModifyTable;

/* ----------------
 *       Append node -
 *              Generate the concatenation of the results of sub-plans.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Append
{
        Plan            plan;
        /* RT indexes of non-leaf tables in a partition tree */
        List       *partitioned_rels;
        List       *appendplans;
} Append;

/* ----------------
 *       MergeAppend node -
 *              Merge the results of pre-sorted sub-plans to preserve the ordering.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct MergeAppend
{
        Plan            plan;
        /* RT indexes of non-leaf tables in a partition tree */
        List       *partitioned_rels;
        List       *mergeplans;
        /* remaining fields are just like the sort-key info in struct Sort */
        int                     numCols;                /* number of sort-key columns */
        AttrNumber *sortColIdx;         /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *sortOperators;      /* OIDs of operators to sort them by */
        Oid                *collations;         /* OIDs of collations */
        bool       *nullsFirst;         /* NULLS FIRST/LAST directions */
} MergeAppend;

/* ----------------
 *      RecursiveUnion node -
 *              Generate a recursive union of two subplans.
 *
 * The "outer" subplan is always the non-recursive term, and the "inner"
 * subplan is the recursive term.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct RecursiveUnion
{
        Plan            plan;
        int                     wtParam;                /* ID of Param representing work table */
        /* Remaining fields are zero/null in UNION ALL case */
        int                     numCols;                /* number of columns to check for
                                                                 * duplicate-ness */
        AttrNumber *dupColIdx;          /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *dupOperators;       /* equality operators to compare with */
        long            numGroups;              /* estimated number of groups in input */
} RecursiveUnion;

/* ----------------
 *       BitmapAnd node -
 *              Generate the intersection of the results of sub-plans.
 *
 * The subplans must be of types that yield tuple bitmaps.  The targetlist
 * and qual fields of the plan are unused and are always NIL.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapAnd
{
        Plan            plan;
        List       *bitmapplans;
} BitmapAnd;

/* ----------------
 *       BitmapOr node -
 *              Generate the union of the results of sub-plans.
 *
 * The subplans must be of types that yield tuple bitmaps.  The targetlist
 * and qual fields of the plan are unused and are always NIL.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapOr
{
        Plan            plan;
        bool            isshared;
        List       *bitmapplans;
} BitmapOr;

/*
 * ==========
 * Scan nodes
 * ==========
 */
typedef struct Scan
{
        Plan            plan;
        Index           scanrelid;              /* relid is index into the range table */
} Scan;

/* ----------------
 *              sequential scan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef Scan SeqScan;

/* ----------------
 *              table sample scan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct SampleScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        /* use struct pointer to avoid including parsenodes.h here */
        struct TableSampleClause *tablesample;
} SampleScan;

/* ----------------
 *              index scan node
 *
 * indexqualorig is an implicitly-ANDed list of index qual expressions, each
 * in the same form it appeared in the query WHERE condition.  Each should
 * be of the form (indexkey OP comparisonval) or (comparisonval OP indexkey).
 * The indexkey is a Var or expression referencing column(s) of the index's
 * base table.  The comparisonval might be any expression, but it won't use
 * any columns of the base table.  The expressions are ordered by index
 * column position (but items referencing the same index column can appear
 * in any order).  indexqualorig is used at runtime only if we have to recheck
 * a lossy indexqual.
 *
 * indexqual has the same form, but the expressions have been commuted if
 * necessary to put the indexkeys on the left, and the indexkeys are replaced
 * by Var nodes identifying the index columns (their varno is INDEX_VAR and
 * their varattno is the index column number).
 *
 * indexorderbyorig is similarly the original form of any ORDER BY expressions
 * that are being implemented by the index, while indexorderby is modified to
 * have index column Vars on the left-hand side.  Here, multiple expressions
 * must appear in exactly the ORDER BY order, and this is not necessarily the
 * index column order.  Only the expressions are provided, not the auxiliary
 * sort-order information from the ORDER BY SortGroupClauses; it's assumed
 * that the sort ordering is fully determinable from the top-level operators.
 * indexorderbyorig is used at runtime to recheck the ordering, if the index
 * cannot calculate an accurate ordering.  It is also needed for EXPLAIN.
 *
 * indexorderbyops is a list of the OIDs of the operators used to sort the
 * ORDER BY expressions.  This is used together with indexorderbyorig to
 * recheck ordering at run time.  (Note that indexorderby, indexorderbyorig,
 * and indexorderbyops are used for amcanorderbyop cases, not amcanorder.)
 *
 * indexorderdir specifies the scan ordering, for indexscans on amcanorder
 * indexes (for other indexes it should be "don't care").
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct IndexScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        Oid                     indexid;                /* OID of index to scan */
        List       *indexqual;          /* list of index quals (usually OpExprs) */
        List       *indexqualorig;      /* the same in original form */
        List       *indexorderby;       /* list of index ORDER BY exprs */
        List       *indexorderbyorig;           /* the same in original form */
        List       *indexorderbyops;    /* OIDs of sort ops for ORDER BY exprs */
        ScanDirection indexorderdir;    /* forward or backward or don't care */
} IndexScan;

/* ----------------
 *              index-only scan node
 *
 * IndexOnlyScan is very similar to IndexScan, but it specifies an
 * index-only scan, in which the data comes from the index not the heap.
 * Because of this, *all* Vars in the plan node's targetlist, qual, and
 * index expressions reference index columns and have varno = INDEX_VAR.
 * Hence we do not need separate indexqualorig and indexorderbyorig lists,
 * since their contents would be equivalent to indexqual and indexorderby.
 *
 * To help EXPLAIN interpret the index Vars for display, we provide
 * indextlist, which represents the contents of the index as a targetlist
 * with one TLE per index column.  Vars appearing in this list reference
 * the base table, and this is the only field in the plan node that may
 * contain such Vars.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct IndexOnlyScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        Oid                     indexid;                /* OID of index to scan */
        List       *indexqual;          /* list of index quals (usually OpExprs) */
        List       *indexorderby;       /* list of index ORDER BY exprs */
        List       *indextlist;         /* TargetEntry list describing index's cols */
        ScanDirection indexorderdir;    /* forward or backward or don't care */
} IndexOnlyScan;

/* ----------------
 *              bitmap index scan node
 *
 * BitmapIndexScan delivers a bitmap of potential tuple locations;
 * it does not access the heap itself.  The bitmap is used by an
 * ancestor BitmapHeapScan node, possibly after passing through
 * intermediate BitmapAnd and/or BitmapOr nodes to combine it with
 * the results of other BitmapIndexScans.
 *
 * The fields have the same meanings as for IndexScan, except we don't
 * store a direction flag because direction is uninteresting.
 *
 * In a BitmapIndexScan plan node, the targetlist and qual fields are
 * not used and are always NIL.  The indexqualorig field is unused at
 * run time too, but is saved for the benefit of EXPLAIN.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapIndexScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        Oid                     indexid;                /* OID of index to scan */
        bool            isshared;               /* Create shared bitmap if set */
        List       *indexqual;          /* list of index quals (OpExprs) */
        List       *indexqualorig;      /* the same in original form */
} BitmapIndexScan;

/* ----------------
 *              bitmap sequential scan node
 *
 * This needs a copy of the qual conditions being used by the input index
 * scans because there are various cases where we need to recheck the quals;
 * for example, when the bitmap is lossy about the specific rows on a page
 * that meet the index condition.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct BitmapHeapScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        List       *bitmapqualorig; /* index quals, in standard expr form */
} BitmapHeapScan;

/* ----------------
 *              tid scan node
 *
 * tidquals is an implicitly OR'ed list of qual expressions of the form
 * "CTID = pseudoconstant" or "CTID = ANY(pseudoconstant_array)".
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct TidScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        List       *tidquals;           /* qual(s) involving CTID = something */
} TidScan;

/* ----------------
 *              subquery scan node
 *
 * SubqueryScan is for scanning the output of a sub-query in the range table.
 * We often need an extra plan node above the sub-query's plan to perform
 * expression evaluations (which we can't push into the sub-query without
 * risking changing its semantics).  Although we are not scanning a physical
 * relation, we make this a descendant of Scan anyway for code-sharing
 * purposes.
 *
 * Note: we store the sub-plan in the type-specific subplan field, not in
 * the generic lefttree field as you might expect.  This is because we do
 * not want plan-tree-traversal routines to recurse into the subplan without
 * knowing that they are changing Query contexts.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct SubqueryScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        Plan       *subplan;
} SubqueryScan;

/* ----------------
 *              FunctionScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct FunctionScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        List       *functions;          /* list of RangeTblFunction nodes */
        bool            funcordinality; /* WITH ORDINALITY */
} FunctionScan;

/* ----------------
 *              ValuesScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ValuesScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        List       *values_lists;       /* list of expression lists */
} ValuesScan;

/* ----------------
 *              TableFunc scan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct TableFuncScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        TableFunc  *tablefunc;          /* table function node */
} TableFuncScan;

/* ----------------
 *              CteScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct CteScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        int                     ctePlanId;              /* ID of init SubPlan for CTE */
        int                     cteParam;               /* ID of Param representing CTE output */
} CteScan;

/* ----------------
 *              NamedTuplestoreScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct NamedTuplestoreScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        char       *enrname;            /* Name given to Ephemeral Named Relation */
} NamedTuplestoreScan;

/* ----------------
 *              WorkTableScan node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct WorkTableScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        int                     wtParam;                /* ID of Param representing work table */
} WorkTableScan;

/* ----------------
 *              ForeignScan node
 *
 * fdw_exprs and fdw_private are both under the control of the foreign-data
 * wrapper, but fdw_exprs is presumed to contain expression trees and will
 * be post-processed accordingly by the planner; fdw_private won't be.
 * Note that everything in both lists must be copiable by copyObject().
 * One way to store an arbitrary blob of bytes is to represent it as a bytea
 * Const.  Usually, though, you'll be better off choosing a representation
 * that can be dumped usefully by nodeToString().
 *
 * fdw_scan_tlist is a targetlist describing the contents of the scan tuple
 * returned by the FDW; it can be NIL if the scan tuple matches the declared
 * rowtype of the foreign table, which is the normal case for a simple foreign
 * table scan.  (If the plan node represents a foreign join, fdw_scan_tlist
 * is required since there is no rowtype available from the system catalogs.)
 * When fdw_scan_tlist is provided, Vars in the node's tlist and quals must
 * have varno INDEX_VAR, and their varattnos correspond to resnos in the
 * fdw_scan_tlist (which are also column numbers in the actual scan tuple).
 * fdw_scan_tlist is never actually executed; it just holds expression trees
 * describing what is in the scan tuple's columns.
 *
 * fdw_recheck_quals should contain any quals which the core system passed to
 * the FDW but which were not added to scan.plan.qual; that is, it should
 * contain the quals being checked remotely.  This is needed for correct
 * behavior during EvalPlanQual rechecks.
 *
 * When the plan node represents a foreign join, scan.scanrelid is zero and
 * fs_relids must be consulted to identify the join relation.  (fs_relids
 * is valid for simple scans as well, but will always match scan.scanrelid.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct ForeignScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        CmdType         operation;              /* SELECT/INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE */
        Oid                     fs_server;              /* OID of foreign server */
        List       *fdw_exprs;          /* expressions that FDW may evaluate */
        List       *fdw_private;        /* private data for FDW */
        List       *fdw_scan_tlist; /* optional tlist describing scan tuple */
        List       *fdw_recheck_quals;          /* original quals not in
                                                                                 * scan.plan.qual */
        Bitmapset  *fs_relids;          /* RTIs generated by this scan */
        bool            fsSystemCol;    /* true if any "system column" is needed */
} ForeignScan;

/* ----------------
 *         CustomScan node
 *
 * The comments for ForeignScan's fdw_exprs, fdw_private, fdw_scan_tlist,
 * and fs_relids fields apply equally to CustomScan's custom_exprs,
 * custom_private, custom_scan_tlist, and custom_relids fields.  The
 * convention of setting scan.scanrelid to zero for joins applies as well.
 *
 * Note that since Plan trees can be copied, custom scan providers *must*
 * fit all plan data they need into those fields; embedding CustomScan in
 * a larger struct will not work.
 * ----------------
 */
struct CustomScanMethods;

typedef struct CustomScan
{
        Scan            scan;
        uint32          flags;                  /* mask of CUSTOMPATH_* flags, see
                                                                 * nodes/extensible.h */
        List       *custom_plans;       /* list of Plan nodes, if any */
        List       *custom_exprs;       /* expressions that custom code may evaluate */
        List       *custom_private; /* private data for custom code */
        List       *custom_scan_tlist;          /* optional tlist describing scan
                                                                                 * tuple */
        Bitmapset  *custom_relids;      /* RTIs generated by this scan */
        const struct CustomScanMethods *methods;
} CustomScan;

/*
 * ==========
 * Join nodes
 * ==========
 */

/* ----------------
 *              Join node
 *
 * jointype:    rule for joining tuples from left and right subtrees
 * inner_unique each outer tuple can match to no more than one inner tuple
 * joinqual:    qual conditions that came from JOIN/ON or JOIN/USING
 *                              (plan.qual contains conditions that came from WHERE)
 *
 * When jointype is INNER, joinqual and plan.qual are semantically
 * interchangeable.  For OUTER jointypes, the two are *not* interchangeable;
 * only joinqual is used to determine whether a match has been found for
 * the purpose of deciding whether to generate null-extended tuples.
 * (But plan.qual is still applied before actually returning a tuple.)
 * For an outer join, only joinquals are allowed to be used as the merge
 * or hash condition of a merge or hash join.
 *
 * inner_unique is set if the joinquals are such that no more than one inner
 * tuple could match any given outer tuple.  This allows the executor to
 * skip searching for additional matches.  (This must be provable from just
 * the joinquals, ignoring plan.qual, due to where the executor tests it.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Join
{
        Plan            plan;
        JoinType        jointype;
        bool            inner_unique;
        List       *joinqual;           /* JOIN quals (in addition to plan.qual) */
} Join;

/* ----------------
 *              nest loop join node
 *
 * The nestParams list identifies any executor Params that must be passed
 * into execution of the inner subplan carrying values from the current row
 * of the outer subplan.  Currently we restrict these values to be simple
 * Vars, but perhaps someday that'd be worth relaxing.  (Note: during plan
 * creation, the paramval can actually be a PlaceHolderVar expression; but it
 * must be a Var with varno OUTER_VAR by the time it gets to the executor.)
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct NestLoop
{
        Join            join;
        List       *nestParams;         /* list of NestLoopParam nodes */
} NestLoop;

typedef struct NestLoopParam
{
        NodeTag         type;
        int                     paramno;                /* number of the PARAM_EXEC Param to set */
        Var                *paramval;           /* outer-relation Var to assign to Param */
} NestLoopParam;

/* ----------------
 *              merge join node
 *
 * The expected ordering of each mergeable column is described by a btree
 * opfamily OID, a collation OID, a direction (BTLessStrategyNumber or
 * BTGreaterStrategyNumber) and a nulls-first flag.  Note that the two sides
 * of each mergeclause may be of different datatypes, but they are ordered the
 * same way according to the common opfamily and collation.  The operator in
 * each mergeclause must be an equality operator of the indicated opfamily.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct MergeJoin
{
        Join            join;
        bool            skip_mark_restore;              /* Can we skip mark/restore calls? */
        List       *mergeclauses;       /* mergeclauses as expression trees */
        /* these are arrays, but have the same length as the mergeclauses list: */
        Oid                *mergeFamilies;      /* per-clause OIDs of btree opfamilies */
        Oid                *mergeCollations;    /* per-clause OIDs of collations */
        int                *mergeStrategies;    /* per-clause ordering (ASC or DESC) */
        bool       *mergeNullsFirst;    /* per-clause nulls ordering */
} MergeJoin;

/* ----------------
 *              hash join node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct HashJoin
{
        Join            join;
        List       *hashclauses;
} HashJoin;

/* ----------------
 *              materialization node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Material
{
        Plan            plan;
} Material;

/* ----------------
 *              sort node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Sort
{
        Plan            plan;
        int                     numCols;                /* number of sort-key columns */
        AttrNumber *sortColIdx;         /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *sortOperators;      /* OIDs of operators to sort them by */
        Oid                *collations;         /* OIDs of collations */
        bool       *nullsFirst;         /* NULLS FIRST/LAST directions */
} Sort;

/* ---------------
 *       group node -
 *              Used for queries with GROUP BY (but no aggregates) specified.
 *              The input must be presorted according to the grouping columns.
 * ---------------
 */
typedef struct Group
{
        Plan            plan;
        int                     numCols;                /* number of grouping columns */
        AttrNumber *grpColIdx;          /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *grpOperators;       /* equality operators to compare with */
} Group;

/* ---------------
 *              aggregate node
 *
 * An Agg node implements plain or grouped aggregation.  For grouped
 * aggregation, we can work with presorted input or unsorted input;
 * the latter strategy uses an internal hashtable.
 *
 * Notice the lack of any direct info about the aggregate functions to be
 * computed.  They are found by scanning the node's tlist and quals during
 * executor startup.  (It is possible that there are no aggregate functions;
 * this could happen if they get optimized away by constant-folding, or if
 * we are using the Agg node to implement hash-based grouping.)
 * ---------------
 */
typedef struct Agg
{
        Plan            plan;
        AggStrategy aggstrategy;        /* basic strategy, see nodes.h */
        AggSplit        aggsplit;               /* agg-splitting mode, see nodes.h */
        int                     numCols;                /* number of grouping columns */
        AttrNumber *grpColIdx;          /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *grpOperators;       /* equality operators to compare with */
        long            numGroups;              /* estimated number of groups in input */
        Bitmapset  *aggParams;          /* IDs of Params used in Aggref inputs */
        /* Note: planner provides numGroups & aggParams only in HASHED/MIXED case */
        List       *groupingSets;       /* grouping sets to use */
        List       *chain;                      /* chained Agg/Sort nodes */
} Agg;

/* ----------------
 *              window aggregate node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct WindowAgg
{
        Plan            plan;
        Index           winref;                 /* ID referenced by window functions */
        int                     partNumCols;    /* number of columns in partition clause */
        AttrNumber *partColIdx;         /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *partOperators;      /* equality operators for partition columns */
        int                     ordNumCols;             /* number of columns in ordering clause */
        AttrNumber *ordColIdx;          /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *ordOperators;       /* equality operators for ordering columns */
        int                     frameOptions;   /* frame_clause options, see WindowDef */
        Node       *startOffset;        /* expression for starting bound, if any */
        Node       *endOffset;          /* expression for ending bound, if any */
} WindowAgg;

/* ----------------
 *              unique node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Unique
{
        Plan            plan;
        int                     numCols;                /* number of columns to check for uniqueness */
        AttrNumber *uniqColIdx;         /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *uniqOperators;      /* equality operators to compare with */
} Unique;

/* ------------
 *              gather node
 * ------------
 */
typedef struct Gather
{
        Plan            plan;
        int                     num_workers;
        bool            single_copy;
        bool            invisible;              /* suppress EXPLAIN display (for testing)? */
} Gather;

/* ------------
 *              gather merge node
 * ------------
 */
typedef struct GatherMerge
{
        Plan            plan;
        int                     num_workers;
        /* remaining fields are just like the sort-key info in struct Sort */
        int                     numCols;                /* number of sort-key columns */
        AttrNumber *sortColIdx;         /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *sortOperators;      /* OIDs of operators to sort them by */
        Oid                *collations;         /* OIDs of collations */
        bool       *nullsFirst;         /* NULLS FIRST/LAST directions */
} GatherMerge;

/* ----------------
 *              hash build node
 *
 * If the executor is supposed to try to apply skew join optimization, then
 * skewTable/skewColumn/skewInherit identify the outer relation's join key
 * column, from which the relevant MCV statistics can be fetched.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Hash
{
        Plan            plan;
        Oid                     skewTable;              /* outer join key's table OID, or InvalidOid */
        AttrNumber      skewColumn;             /* outer join key's column #, or zero */
        bool            skewInherit;    /* is outer join rel an inheritance tree? */
        /* all other info is in the parent HashJoin node */
} Hash;

/* ----------------
 *              setop node
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct SetOp
{
        Plan            plan;
        SetOpCmd        cmd;                    /* what to do, see nodes.h */
        SetOpStrategy strategy;         /* how to do it, see nodes.h */
        int                     numCols;                /* number of columns to check for
                                                                 * duplicate-ness */
        AttrNumber *dupColIdx;          /* their indexes in the target list */
        Oid                *dupOperators;       /* equality operators to compare with */
        AttrNumber      flagColIdx;             /* where is the flag column, if any */
        int                     firstFlag;              /* flag value for first input relation */
        long            numGroups;              /* estimated number of groups in input */
} SetOp;

/* ----------------
 *              lock-rows node
 *
 * rowMarks identifies the rels to be locked by this node; it should be
 * a subset of the rowMarks listed in the top-level PlannedStmt.
 * epqParam is a Param that all scan nodes below this one must depend on.
 * It is used to force re-evaluation of the plan during EvalPlanQual.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct LockRows
{
        Plan            plan;
        List       *rowMarks;           /* a list of PlanRowMark's */
        int                     epqParam;               /* ID of Param for EvalPlanQual re-eval */
} LockRows;

/* ----------------
 *              limit node
 *
 * Note: as of Postgres 8.2, the offset and count expressions are expected
 * to yield int8, rather than int4 as before.
 * ----------------
 */
typedef struct Limit
{
        Plan            plan;
        Node       *limitOffset;        /* OFFSET parameter, or NULL if none */
        Node       *limitCount;         /* COUNT parameter, or NULL if none */
} Limit;


/*
 * RowMarkType -
 *        enums for types of row-marking operations
 *
 * The first four of these values represent different lock strengths that
 * we can take on tuples according to SELECT FOR [KEY] UPDATE/SHARE requests.
 * We support these on regular tables, as well as on foreign tables whose FDWs
 * report support for late locking.  For other foreign tables, any locking
 * that might be done for such requests must happen during the initial row
 * fetch; their FDWs provide no mechanism for going back to lock a row later.
 * This means that the semantics will be a bit different than for a local
 * table; in particular we are likely to lock more rows than would be locked
 * locally, since remote rows will be locked even if they then fail
 * locally-checked restriction or join quals.  However, the prospect of
 * doing a separate remote query to lock each selected row is usually pretty
 * unappealing, so early locking remains a credible design choice for FDWs.
 *
 * When doing UPDATE, DELETE, or SELECT FOR UPDATE/SHARE, we have to uniquely
 * identify all the source rows, not only those from the target relations, so
 * that we can perform EvalPlanQual rechecking at need.  For plain tables we
 * can just fetch the TID, much as for a target relation; this case is
 * represented by ROW_MARK_REFERENCE.  Otherwise (for example for VALUES or
 * FUNCTION scans) we have to copy the whole row value.  ROW_MARK_COPY is
 * pretty inefficient, since most of the time we'll never need the data; but
 * fortunately the overhead is usually not performance-critical in practice.
 * By default we use ROW_MARK_COPY for foreign tables, but if the FDW has
 * a concept of rowid it can request to use ROW_MARK_REFERENCE instead.
 * (Again, this probably doesn't make sense if a physical remote fetch is
 * needed, but for FDWs that map to local storage it might be credible.)
 */
typedef enum RowMarkType
{
        ROW_MARK_EXCLUSIVE,                     /* obtain exclusive tuple lock */
        ROW_MARK_NOKEYEXCLUSIVE,        /* obtain no-key exclusive tuple lock */
        ROW_MARK_SHARE,                         /* obtain shared tuple lock */
        ROW_MARK_KEYSHARE,                      /* obtain keyshare tuple lock */
        ROW_MARK_REFERENCE,                     /* just fetch the TID, don't lock it */
        ROW_MARK_COPY                           /* physically copy the row value */
} RowMarkType;

#define RowMarkRequiresRowShareLock(marktype)  ((marktype) <= ROW_MARK_KEYSHARE)

/*
 * PlanRowMark -
 *         plan-time representation of FOR [KEY] UPDATE/SHARE clauses
 *
 * When doing UPDATE, DELETE, or SELECT FOR UPDATE/SHARE, we create a separate
 * PlanRowMark node for each non-target relation in the query.  Relations that
 * are not specified as FOR UPDATE/SHARE are marked ROW_MARK_REFERENCE (if
 * regular tables or supported foreign tables) or ROW_MARK_COPY (if not).
 *
 * Initially all PlanRowMarks have rti == prti and isParent == false.
 * When the planner discovers that a relation is the root of an inheritance
 * tree, it sets isParent true, and adds an additional PlanRowMark to the
 * list for each child relation (including the target rel itself in its role
 * as a child).  isParent is also set to true for the partitioned child
 * relations, which are not scanned just like the root parent.  The child
 * entries have rti == child rel's RT index and prti == parent's RT index,
 * and can therefore be recognized as children by the fact that prti != rti.
 * The parent's allMarkTypes field gets the OR of (1<<markType) across all
 * its children (this definition allows children to use different markTypes).
 *
 * The planner also adds resjunk output columns to the plan that carry
 * information sufficient to identify the locked or fetched rows.  When
 * markType != ROW_MARK_COPY, these columns are named
 *              tableoid%u                      OID of table
 *              ctid%u                          TID of row
 * The tableoid column is only present for an inheritance hierarchy.
 * When markType == ROW_MARK_COPY, there is instead a single column named
 *              wholerow%u                      whole-row value of relation
 * (An inheritance hierarchy could have all three resjunk output columns,
 * if some children use a different markType than others.)
 * In all three cases, %u represents the rowmark ID number (rowmarkId).
 * This number is unique within a plan tree, except that child relation
 * entries copy their parent's rowmarkId.  (Assigning unique numbers
 * means we needn't renumber rowmarkIds when flattening subqueries, which
 * would require finding and renaming the resjunk columns as well.)
 * Note this means that all tables in an inheritance hierarchy share the
 * same resjunk column names.  However, in an inherited UPDATE/DELETE the
 * columns could have different physical column numbers in each subplan.
 */
typedef struct PlanRowMark
{
        NodeTag         type;
        Index           rti;                    /* range table index of markable relation */
        Index           prti;                   /* range table index of parent relation */
        Index           rowmarkId;              /* unique identifier for resjunk columns */
        RowMarkType markType;           /* see enum above */
        int                     allMarkTypes;   /* OR of (1<<markType) for all children */
        LockClauseStrength strength;    /* LockingClause's strength, or LCS_NONE */
        LockWaitPolicy waitPolicy;      /* NOWAIT and SKIP LOCKED options */
        bool            isParent;               /* true if this is a "dummy" parent entry */
} PlanRowMark;


/*
 * Plan invalidation info
 *
 * We track the objects on which a PlannedStmt depends in two ways:
 * relations are recorded as a simple list of OIDs, and everything else
 * is represented as a list of PlanInvalItems.  A PlanInvalItem is designed
 * to be used with the syscache invalidation mechanism, so it identifies a
 * system catalog entry by cache ID and hash value.
 */
typedef struct PlanInvalItem
{
        NodeTag         type;
        int                     cacheId;                /* a syscache ID, see utils/syscache.h */
        uint32          hashValue;              /* hash value of object's cache lookup key */
} PlanInvalItem;

#endif   /* PLANNODES_H */