1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 * Fundamental C definitions. This is included by every .c file in
5 * PostgreSQL (via either postgres.h or postgres_fe.h, as appropriate).
7 * Note that the definitions here are not intended to be exposed to clients
8 * of the frontend interface libraries --- so we don't worry much about
9 * polluting the namespace with lots of stuff...
12 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
13 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
15 * $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/include/c.h,v 1.194 2006/01/05 03:01:37 momjian Exp $
17 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 *----------------------------------------------------------------
23 * When adding stuff to this file, please try to put stuff
24 * into the relevant section, or add new sections as appropriate.
27 * ------- ------------------------------------------------
28 * 0) pg_config.h and standard system headers
29 * 1) hacks to cope with non-ANSI C compilers
30 * 2) bool, true, false, TRUE, FALSE, NULL
31 * 3) standard system types
32 * 4) IsValid macros for system types
33 * 5) offsetof, lengthof, endof, alignment
34 * 6) widely useful macros
36 * 8) system-specific hacks
38 * NOTE: since this file is included by both frontend and backend modules, it's
39 * almost certainly wrong to put an "extern" declaration here. typedefs and
40 * macros are the kind of thing that might go here.
42 *----------------------------------------------------------------
48 * We have to include stdlib.h here because it defines many of these macros
49 * on some platforms, and we only want our definitions used if stdlib.h doesn't
50 * have its own. The same goes for stddef and stdarg if present.
53 #include "pg_config.h"
54 #include "pg_config_manual.h" /* must be after pg_config.h */
55 #if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
56 #include "pg_config_os.h" /* must be before any system header files */
58 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
59 #define WIN32_CLIENT_ONLY
62 #include "postgres_ext.h"
72 #include <sys/types.h>
75 #if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
76 #include <fcntl.h> /* ensure O_BINARY is available */
78 #ifdef HAVE_SUPPORTDEFS_H
79 #include <SupportDefs.h>
82 #if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
83 #ifndef WIN32_CLIENT_ONLY
84 /* We have to redefine some system functions after they are included above */
85 #include "pg_config_os.h"
87 #include "port/win32.h" /* We didn't run configure, but this is our
92 /* Must be before gettext() games below */
95 #define _(x) gettext((x))
100 #define gettext(x) (x)
104 * Use this to mark strings to be translated by gettext, in places where
105 * you don't want an actual function call to occur (eg, constant tables).
107 #define gettext_noop(x) (x)
110 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
111 * Section 1: hacks to cope with non-ANSI C compilers
113 * type prefixes (const, signed, volatile, inline) are handled in pg_config.h.
114 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
119 * Convert the argument to a string, using the C preprocessor.
121 * Concatenate two arguments together, using the C preprocessor.
123 * Note: the standard Autoconf macro AC_C_STRINGIZE actually only checks
124 * whether #identifier works, but if we have that we likely have ## too.
126 #if defined(HAVE_STRINGIZE)
128 #define CppAsString(identifier) #identifier
129 #define CppConcat(x, y) x##y
130 #else /* !HAVE_STRINGIZE */
132 #define CppAsString(identifier) "identifier"
135 * CppIdentity -- On Reiser based cpp's this is used to concatenate
136 * two tokens. That is
137 * CppIdentity(A)B ==> AB
138 * We renamed it to _private_CppIdentity because it should not
139 * be referenced outside this file. On other cpp's it
142 #define _priv_CppIdentity(x)x
143 #define CppConcat(x, y) _priv_CppIdentity(x)y
144 #endif /* !HAVE_STRINGIZE */
147 * dummyret is used to set return values in macros that use ?: to make
148 * assignments. gcc wants these to be void, other compilers like char
150 #ifdef __GNUC__ /* GNU cc */
151 #define dummyret void
153 #define dummyret char
157 #define __attribute__(_arg_)
160 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
161 * Section 2: bool, true, false, TRUE, FALSE, NULL
162 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
167 * Boolean value, either true or false.
169 * XXX for C++ compilers, we assume the compiler has a compatible
170 * built-in definition of bool.
180 #define true ((bool) 1)
184 #define false ((bool) 0)
188 typedef bool *BoolPtr;
203 #define NULL ((void *) 0)
207 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
208 * Section 3: standard system types
209 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
214 * Variable holding address of any memory resident object.
216 * XXX Pointer arithmetic is done with this, so it can't be void *
217 * under "true" ANSI compilers.
219 typedef char *Pointer;
223 * Signed integer, EXACTLY N BITS IN SIZE,
224 * used for numerical computations and the
225 * frontend/backend protocol.
228 typedef signed char int8; /* == 8 bits */
229 typedef signed short int16; /* == 16 bits */
230 typedef signed int int32; /* == 32 bits */
231 #endif /* not HAVE_INT8 */
235 * Unsigned integer, EXACTLY N BITS IN SIZE,
236 * used for numerical computations and the
237 * frontend/backend protocol.
240 typedef unsigned char uint8; /* == 8 bits */
241 typedef unsigned short uint16; /* == 16 bits */
242 typedef unsigned int uint32; /* == 32 bits */
243 #endif /* not HAVE_UINT8 */
247 * Unit of bitwise operation, AT LEAST N BITS IN SIZE.
249 typedef uint8 bits8; /* >= 8 bits */
250 typedef uint16 bits16; /* >= 16 bits */
251 typedef uint32 bits32; /* >= 32 bits */
255 * Floating point number, AT LEAST N BITS IN SIZE,
256 * used for numerical computations.
258 * Since sizeof(floatN) may be > sizeof(char *), always pass
259 * floatN by reference.
261 * XXX: these typedefs are now deprecated in favor of float4 and float8.
262 * They will eventually go away.
264 typedef float float32data;
265 typedef double float64data;
266 typedef float *float32;
267 typedef double *float64;
272 #ifdef HAVE_LONG_INT_64
273 /* Plain "long int" fits, use it */
276 typedef long int int64;
279 typedef unsigned long int uint64;
281 #elif defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64)
282 /* We have working support for "long long int", use that */
285 typedef long long int int64;
288 typedef unsigned long long int uint64;
290 #else /* not HAVE_LONG_INT_64 and not
291 * HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64 */
293 /* Won't actually work, but fall back to long int so that code compiles */
295 typedef long int int64;
298 typedef unsigned long int uint64;
301 #define INT64_IS_BUSTED
302 #endif /* not HAVE_LONG_INT_64 and not
303 * HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64 */
305 /* Decide if we need to decorate 64-bit constants */
306 #ifdef HAVE_LL_CONSTANTS
307 #define INT64CONST(x) ((int64) x##LL)
308 #define UINT64CONST(x) ((uint64) x##ULL)
310 #define INT64CONST(x) ((int64) x)
311 #define UINT64CONST(x) ((uint64) x)
315 /* Select timestamp representation (float8 or int64) */
316 #if defined(USE_INTEGER_DATETIMES) && !defined(INT64_IS_BUSTED)
317 #define HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
320 /* sig_atomic_t is required by ANSI C, but may be missing on old platforms */
321 #ifndef HAVE_SIG_ATOMIC_T
322 typedef int sig_atomic_t;
327 * Size of any memory resident object, as returned by sizeof.
333 * Index into any memory resident array.
336 * Indices are non negative.
338 typedef unsigned int Index;
342 * Offset into any memory resident array.
345 * This differs from an Index in that an Index is always
346 * non negative, whereas Offset may be negative.
348 typedef signed int Offset;
351 * Common Postgres datatype names (as used in the catalogs)
355 typedef float float4;
356 typedef double float8;
359 * Oid, RegProcedure, TransactionId, SubTransactionId, MultiXactId,
363 /* typedef Oid is in postgres_ext.h */
366 * regproc is the type name used in the include/catalog headers, but
367 * RegProcedure is the preferred name in C code.
370 typedef regproc RegProcedure;
372 typedef uint32 TransactionId;
374 typedef uint32 SubTransactionId;
376 #define InvalidSubTransactionId ((SubTransactionId) 0)
377 #define TopSubTransactionId ((SubTransactionId) 1)
379 /* MultiXactId must be equivalent to TransactionId, to fit in t_xmax */
380 typedef TransactionId MultiXactId;
382 typedef uint32 MultiXactOffset;
384 typedef uint32 CommandId;
386 #define FirstCommandId ((CommandId) 0)
389 * Array indexing support
398 * Variable-length datatypes all share the 'struct varlena' header.
400 * NOTE: for TOASTable types, this is an oversimplification, since the value
401 * may be compressed or moved out-of-line. However datatype-specific routines
402 * are mostly content to deal with de-TOASTed values only, and of course
403 * client-side routines should never see a TOASTed value. See postgres.h for
404 * details of the TOASTed form.
413 #define VARHDRSZ ((int32) sizeof(int32))
416 * These widely-used datatypes are just a varlena header and the data bytes.
417 * There is no terminating null or anything like that --- the data length is
418 * always VARSIZE(ptr) - VARHDRSZ.
420 typedef struct varlena bytea;
421 typedef struct varlena text;
422 typedef struct varlena BpChar; /* blank-padded char, ie SQL char(n) */
423 typedef struct varlena VarChar; /* var-length char, ie SQL varchar(n) */
426 * Specialized array types. These are physically laid out just the same
427 * as regular arrays (so that the regular array subscripting code works
428 * with them). They exist as distinct types mostly for historical reasons:
429 * they have nonstandard I/O behavior which we don't want to change for fear
430 * of breaking applications that look at the system catalogs. There is also
431 * an implementation issue for oidvector: it's part of the primary key for
432 * pg_proc, and we can't use the normal btree array support routines for that
433 * without circularity.
437 int32 size; /* these fields must match ArrayType! */
438 int ndim; /* always 1 for int2vector */
439 int32 dataoffset; /* always 0 for int2vector */
443 int2 values[1]; /* VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY */
444 } int2vector; /* VARIABLE LENGTH STRUCT */
448 int32 size; /* these fields must match ArrayType! */
449 int ndim; /* always 1 for oidvector */
450 int32 dataoffset; /* always 0 for oidvector */
454 Oid values[1]; /* VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY */
455 } oidvector; /* VARIABLE LENGTH STRUCT */
458 * We want NameData to have length NAMEDATALEN and int alignment,
459 * because that's how the data type 'name' is defined in pg_type.
460 * Use a union to make sure the compiler agrees. Note that NAMEDATALEN
461 * must be a multiple of sizeof(int), else sizeof(NameData) will probably
462 * not come out equal to NAMEDATALEN.
464 typedef union nameData
466 char data[NAMEDATALEN];
469 typedef NameData *Name;
471 #define NameStr(name) ((name).data)
473 #define SQL_STR_DOUBLE(ch) ((ch) == '\'' || (ch) == '\\')
474 #define ESCAPE_STRING_SYNTAX 'E'
476 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
477 * Section 4: IsValid macros for system types
478 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
482 * True iff bool is valid.
484 #define BoolIsValid(boolean) ((boolean) == false || (boolean) == true)
488 * True iff pointer is valid.
490 #define PointerIsValid(pointer) ((void*)(pointer) != NULL)
494 * True iff pointer is properly aligned to point to the given type.
496 #define PointerIsAligned(pointer, type) \
497 (((long)(pointer) % (sizeof (type))) == 0)
499 #define OidIsValid(objectId) ((bool) ((objectId) != InvalidOid))
501 #define RegProcedureIsValid(p) OidIsValid(p)
504 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
505 * Section 5: offsetof, lengthof, endof, alignment
506 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
510 * Offset of a structure/union field within that structure/union.
512 * XXX This is supposed to be part of stddef.h, but isn't on
513 * some systems (like SunOS 4).
516 #define offsetof(type, field) ((long) &((type *)0)->field)
517 #endif /* offsetof */
521 * Number of elements in an array.
523 #define lengthof(array) (sizeof (array) / sizeof ((array)[0]))
527 * Address of the element one past the last in an array.
529 #define endof(array) (&(array)[lengthof(array)])
532 * Alignment macros: align a length or address appropriately for a given type.
534 * There used to be some incredibly crufty platform-dependent hackery here,
535 * but now we rely on the configure script to get the info for us. Much nicer.
537 * NOTE: TYPEALIGN will not work if ALIGNVAL is not a power of 2.
538 * That case seems extremely unlikely to occur in practice, however.
542 #define TYPEALIGN(ALIGNVAL,LEN) \
543 (((long) (LEN) + ((ALIGNVAL) - 1)) & ~((long) ((ALIGNVAL) - 1)))
545 #define SHORTALIGN(LEN) TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_SHORT, (LEN))
546 #define INTALIGN(LEN) TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_INT, (LEN))
547 #define LONGALIGN(LEN) TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_LONG, (LEN))
548 #define DOUBLEALIGN(LEN) TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_DOUBLE, (LEN))
549 #define MAXALIGN(LEN) TYPEALIGN(MAXIMUM_ALIGNOF, (LEN))
550 /* MAXALIGN covers only built-in types, not buffers */
551 #define BUFFERALIGN(LEN) TYPEALIGN(ALIGNOF_BUFFER, (LEN))
554 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
555 * Section 6: widely useful macros
556 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
560 * Return the maximum of two numbers.
562 #define Max(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
566 * Return the minimum of two numbers.
568 #define Min(x, y) ((x) < (y) ? (x) : (y))
572 * Return the absolute value of the argument.
574 #define Abs(x) ((x) >= 0 ? (x) : -(x))
578 * Like standard library function strncpy(), except that result string
579 * is guaranteed to be null-terminated --- that is, at most N-1 bytes
580 * of the source string will be kept.
581 * Also, the macro returns no result (too hard to do that without
582 * evaluating the arguments multiple times, which seems worse).
584 * BTW: when you need to copy a non-null-terminated string (like a text
585 * datum) and add a null, do not do it with StrNCpy(..., len+1). That
586 * might seem to work, but it fetches one byte more than there is in the
587 * text object. One fine day you'll have a SIGSEGV because there isn't
588 * another byte before the end of memory. Don't laugh, we've had real
589 * live bug reports from real live users over exactly this mistake.
590 * Do it honestly with "memcpy(dst,src,len); dst[len] = '\0';", instead.
592 #define StrNCpy(dst,src,len) \
595 char * _dst = (dst); \
600 strncpy(_dst, (src), _len); \
601 _dst[_len-1] = '\0'; \
606 /* Get a bit mask of the bits set in non-int32 aligned addresses */
607 #define INT_ALIGN_MASK (sizeof(int32) - 1)
611 * Exactly the same as standard library function memset(), but considerably
612 * faster for zeroing small word-aligned structures (such as parsetree nodes).
613 * This has to be a macro because the main point is to avoid function-call
614 * overhead. However, we have also found that the loop is faster than
615 * native libc memset() on some platforms, even those with assembler
616 * memset() functions. More research needs to be done, perhaps with
617 * platform-specific MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT values or tests in configure.
621 #define MemSet(start, val, len) \
624 /* must be void* because we don't know if it is integer aligned yet */ \
625 void *_vstart = (void *) (start); \
629 if ((((long) _vstart) & INT_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && \
630 (_len & INT_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && \
632 _len <= MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT) \
634 int32 *_start = (int32 *) _vstart; \
635 int32 *_stop = (int32 *) ((char *) _start + _len); \
636 while (_start < _stop) \
640 memset(_vstart, _val, _len); \
643 #define MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT 1024
646 * MemSetAligned is the same as MemSet except it omits the test to see if
647 * "start" is word-aligned. This is okay to use if the caller knows a-priori
648 * that the pointer is suitably aligned (typically, because he just got it
649 * from palloc(), which always delivers a max-aligned pointer).
651 #define MemSetAligned(start, val, len) \
654 int32 *_start = (int32 *) (start); \
658 if ((_len & INT_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && \
660 _len <= MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT) \
662 int32 *_stop = (int32 *) ((char *) _start + _len); \
663 while (_start < _stop) \
667 memset(_start, _val, _len); \
672 * MemSetTest/MemSetLoop are a variant version that allow all the tests in
673 * MemSet to be done at compile time in cases where "val" and "len" are
674 * constants *and* we know the "start" pointer must be word-aligned.
675 * If MemSetTest succeeds, then it is okay to use MemSetLoop, otherwise use
676 * MemSetAligned. Beware of multiple evaluations of the arguments when using
679 #define MemSetTest(val, len) \
680 ( ((len) & INT_ALIGN_MASK) == 0 && \
681 (len) <= MEMSET_LOOP_LIMIT && \
684 #define MemSetLoop(start, val, len) \
687 int32 * _start = (int32 *) (start); \
688 int32 * _stop = (int32 *) ((char *) _start + (Size) (len)); \
690 while (_start < _stop) \
695 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
696 * Section 7: random stuff
697 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
701 #define HIGHBIT (0x80)
702 #define IS_HIGHBIT_SET(ch) ((unsigned char)(ch) & HIGHBIT)
704 #define STATUS_OK (0)
705 #define STATUS_ERROR (-1)
706 #define STATUS_EOF (-2)
707 #define STATUS_FOUND (1)
710 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
711 * Section 8: system-specific hacks
713 * This should be limited to things that absolutely have to be
714 * included in every source file. The port-specific header file
715 * is usually a better place for this sort of thing.
716 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
720 * NOTE: this is also used for opening text files.
721 * WIN32 treats Control-Z as EOF in files opened in text mode.
722 * Therefore, we open files in binary mode on Win32 so we can read
723 * literal control-Z. The other affect is that we see CRLF, but
724 * that is OK because we can already handle those cleanly.
726 #if defined(WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
727 #define PG_BINARY O_BINARY
728 #define PG_BINARY_R "rb"
729 #define PG_BINARY_W "wb"
732 #define PG_BINARY_R "r"
733 #define PG_BINARY_W "w"
736 #if defined(sun) && defined(__sparc__) && !defined(__SVR4)
740 /* These are for things that are one way on Unix and another on NT */
741 #define NULL_DEV "/dev/null"
744 * Provide prototypes for routines not present in a particular machine's
745 * standard C library.
748 #if !HAVE_DECL_SNPRINTF
750 snprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt,...)
751 /* This extension allows gcc to check the format string */
752 __attribute__((format(printf, 3, 4)));
755 #if !HAVE_DECL_VSNPRINTF
756 extern int vsnprintf(char *str, size_t count, const char *fmt, va_list args);
759 #if !defined(HAVE_MEMMOVE) && !defined(memmove)
760 #define memmove(d, s, c) bcopy(s, d, c)
764 #define DLLIMPORT /* no special DLL markers on most ports */
768 * The following is used as the arg list for signal handlers. Any ports
769 * that take something other than an int argument should override this in
770 * their pg_config_os.h file. Note that variable names are required
771 * because it is used in both the prototypes as well as the definitions.
772 * Note also the long name. We expect that this won't collide with
773 * other names causing compiler warnings.
777 #define SIGNAL_ARGS int postgres_signal_arg
781 * When there is no sigsetjmp, its functionality is provided by plain
782 * setjmp. Incidentally, nothing provides setjmp's functionality in
785 #ifndef HAVE_SIGSETJMP
786 #define sigjmp_buf jmp_buf
787 #define sigsetjmp(x,y) setjmp(x)
788 #define siglongjmp longjmp
791 #if defined(HAVE_FDATASYNC) && !HAVE_DECL_FDATASYNC
792 extern int fdatasync(int fildes);
795 /* If strtoq() exists, rename it to the more standard strtoll() */
796 #if defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64) && !defined(HAVE_STRTOLL) && defined(HAVE_STRTOQ)
797 #define strtoll strtoq
798 #define HAVE_STRTOLL 1
801 /* If strtouq() exists, rename it to the more standard strtoull() */
802 #if defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG_INT_64) && !defined(HAVE_STRTOULL) && defined(HAVE_STRTOUQ)
803 #define strtoull strtouq
804 #define HAVE_STRTOULL 1
807 /* EXEC_BACKEND defines */
809 #define NON_EXEC_STATIC
811 #define NON_EXEC_STATIC static
814 /* /port compatibility functions */