2 * psql - the PostgreSQL interactive terminal
4 * Copyright 2000 by PostgreSQL Global Development Group
6 * $Header: /cvsroot/pgsql/src/bin/psql/help.c,v 1.64 2002/12/11 22:45:13 momjian Exp $
8 #include "postgres_fe.h"
18 #include <pwd.h> /* for getpwuid() */
20 #include <sys/types.h> /* (ditto) */
21 #include <unistd.h> /* for getuid() */
33 #define _(x) gettext((x))
37 * If you change something in this file, also make the same changes
38 * in the DocBook documentation, file ref/psql-ref.sgml. If you don't
39 * know how to do it, please find someone who can help you.
46 * print out command line arguments
48 #define ON(var) (var ? _("on") : _("off"))
57 struct passwd *pw = NULL;
60 /* Find default user, in case we need it. */
61 user = getenv("PGUSER");
65 pw = getpwuid(geteuid());
70 psql_error("could not get current user name: %s\n", strerror(errno));
75 DWORD bufsize = sizeof(buf) - 1;
77 if (GetUserName(buf, &bufsize))
82 /* If this " is the start of the string then it ought to end there to fit in 80 columns >> " */
83 printf(_("This is psql %s, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.\n\n"),
86 puts(_(" psql [OPTIONS]... [DBNAME [USERNAME]]\n"));
88 puts(_("General options:"));
89 /* Display default database */
90 env = getenv("PGDATABASE");
93 printf(_(" -d DBNAME specify database name to connect to (default: %s)\n"), env);
94 puts(_(" -c COMMAND run only single command (SQL or internal) and exit"));
95 puts(_(" -f FILENAME execute commands from file, then exit"));
96 puts(_(" -l list available databases, then exit"));
97 puts(_(" -v NAME=VALUE set psql variable 'NAME' to 'VALUE'"));
98 puts(_(" -X do not read startup file (~/.psqlrc)"));
99 puts(_(" --help show this help, then exit"));
100 puts(_(" --version output version information, then exit"));
102 puts(_("\nInput and output options:"));
103 puts(_(" -a echo all input from script"));
104 puts(_(" -e echo commands sent to server"));
105 puts(_(" -E display queries that internal commands generate"));
106 puts(_(" -q run quietly (no messages, only query output)"));
107 puts(_(" -o FILENAME send query results to file (or |pipe)"));
108 puts(_(" -n disable enhanced command line editing (readline)"));
109 puts(_(" -s single step mode (confirm each query)"));
110 puts(_(" -S single line mode (end of line terminates SQL command)"));
112 puts(_("\nOutput format options:"));
113 puts(_(" -A unaligned table output mode (-P format=unaligned)"));
114 puts(_(" -H HTML table output mode (-P format=html)"));
115 puts(_(" -t print rows only (-P tuples_only)"));
116 puts(_(" -T TEXT set HTML table tag attributes (width, border) (-P tableattr=)"));
117 puts(_(" -x turn on expanded table output (-P expanded)"));
118 puts(_(" -P VAR[=ARG] set printing option 'VAR' to 'ARG' (see \\pset command)"));
119 printf(_(" -F STRING set field separator (default: \"%s\") (-P fieldsep=)\n"),
121 puts(_(" -R STRING set record separator (default: newline) (-P recordsep=)"));
123 puts(_("\nConnection options:"));
124 /* Display default host */
125 env = getenv("PGHOST");
126 printf(_(" -h HOSTNAME specify database server host (default: %s)\n"),
127 env ? env : _("local socket"));
128 /* Display default port */
129 env = getenv("PGPORT");
130 printf(_(" -p PORT specify database server port (default: %s)\n"),
131 env ? env : DEF_PGPORT_STR);
132 /* Display default user */
133 env = getenv("PGUSER");
136 printf(_(" -U NAME specify database user name (default: %s)\n"), env);
137 puts(_(" -W prompt for password (should happen automatically)"));
140 "\nFor more information, type \"\\?\" (for internal commands) or \"\\help\"\n"
141 "(for SQL commands) from within psql, or consult the psql section in\n"
142 "the PostgreSQL documentation.\n\n"
143 "Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>."));
150 * print out help for the backslash commands
162 slashUsage(unsigned short int pager)
166 output = PageOutput(50, pager);
168 /* if you add/remove a line here, change the row count above */
171 * if this " is the start of the string then it ought to end there to
172 * fit in 80 columns >> "
174 fprintf(output, _("General\n"));
175 fprintf(output, _(" \\c[onnect] [DBNAME|- [USER]]\n"
176 " connect to new database (currently \"%s\")\n"),
178 fprintf(output, _(" \\q quit psql\n"));
179 fprintf(output, _(" \\h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands\n"));
180 fprintf(output, _(" \\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms\n"));
181 fprintf(output, _(" \\cd [DIR] change the current working directory\n"));
182 fprintf(output, _(" \\! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell\n"));
183 fprintf(output, _(" \\encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding\n"));
184 fprintf(output, _(" \\set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters\n"));
185 fprintf(output, _(" \\unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable\n"));
186 fprintf(output, _(" \\timing toggle timing of commands (currently %s)\n"),
188 fprintf(output, _("\n"));
190 fprintf(output, _("Query Buffer\n"));
191 fprintf(output, _(" \\g [FILE] send query buffer to server (and results to file or |pipe)\n"));
192 fprintf(output, _(" \\r reset (clear) the query buffer\n"));
193 fprintf(output, _(" \\e [FILE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor\n"));
194 fprintf(output, _(" \\i FILE execute commands from file\n"));
195 fprintf(output, _(" \\p show the contents of the query buffer\n"));
196 fprintf(output, _(" \\w [FILE] write query buffer to file\n"));
197 fprintf(output, _(" \\o FILE send all query results to file or |pipe\n"));
198 fprintf(output, _(" \\s [FILE] display history or save it to file\n"));
199 fprintf(output, _("\n"));
201 fprintf(output, _("Informational\n"));
202 fprintf(output, _(" \\d [NAME] describe table, index, sequence, or view\n"));
203 fprintf(output, _(" \\d{t|i|s|v|S} [PATTERN] (add \"+\" for more detail)\n"
204 " list tables/indexes/sequences/views/system tables\n"));
205 fprintf(output, _(" \\da [PATTERN] list aggregate functions\n"));
206 fprintf(output, _(" \\dd [PATTERN] show comment for object\n"));
207 fprintf(output, _(" \\dD [PATTERN] list domains\n"));
208 fprintf(output, _(" \\df [PATTERN] list functions (add \"+\" for more detail)\n"));
209 fprintf(output, _(" \\do [NAME] list operators\n"));
210 fprintf(output, _(" \\dl list large objects, same as \\lo_list\n"));
211 fprintf(output, _(" \\dp [PATTERN] list table access privileges\n"));
212 fprintf(output, _(" \\dT [PATTERN] list data types (add \"+\" for more detail)\n"));
213 fprintf(output, _(" \\du [PATTERN] list users\n"));
214 fprintf(output, _(" \\l list all databases (add \"+\" for more detail)\n"));
215 fprintf(output, _(" \\z [PATTERN] list table access privileges (same as \\dp)\n"));
216 fprintf(output, _("\n"));
218 fprintf(output, _("Large Object, Copy\n"));
219 fprintf(output, _(" \\lo_export\n"));
220 fprintf(output, _(" \\lo_import\n"));
221 fprintf(output, _(" \\lo_list\n"));
222 fprintf(output, _(" \\lo_unlink large object operations\n"));
223 fprintf(output, _(" \\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host\n"));
224 fprintf(output, _("\n"));
226 fprintf(output, _("Formatting\n"));
227 fprintf(output, _(" \\x toggle expanded output (currently %s)\n"),
228 ON(pset.popt.topt.expanded));
229 fprintf(output, _(" \\a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode\n"));
230 fprintf(output, _(" \\f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output\n"));
231 fprintf(output, _(" \\pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option\n"
232 " (NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|null|recordsep|\n"
233 " tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager})\n"));
234 fprintf(output, _(" \\C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none\n"));
235 fprintf(output, _(" \\t show only rows (currently %s)\n"),
236 ON(pset.popt.topt.tuples_only));
237 fprintf(output, _(" \\echo [STRING] write string to standard output\n"));
238 fprintf(output, _(" \\qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \\o)\n"));
239 fprintf(output, _("\n"));
241 fprintf(output, _("HTML Output\n"));
242 fprintf(output, _(" \\H toggle HTML output mode (currently %s)\n"),
243 ON(pset.popt.topt.format == PRINT_HTML));
244 fprintf(output, _(" \\T [STRING] set HTML <table> tag attributes, or unset if none\n"));
246 if (output != stdout)
250 pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
258 * helpSQL -- help with SQL commands
262 helpSQL(const char *topic, bool pager)
264 #define VALUE_OR_NULL(a) ((a) ? (a) : "")
266 if (!topic || strlen(topic) == 0)
269 int items_per_column = (QL_HELP_COUNT + 2) / 3;
272 output = PageOutput(items_per_column, pager);
274 fputs(_("Available help:\n"), output);
276 for (i = 0; i < items_per_column; i++)
278 fprintf(output, " %-26s%-26s",
279 VALUE_OR_NULL(QL_HELP[i].cmd),
280 VALUE_OR_NULL(QL_HELP[i + items_per_column].cmd));
281 if (i + 2 * items_per_column < QL_HELP_COUNT)
282 fprintf(output, "%-26s",
283 VALUE_OR_NULL(QL_HELP[i + 2 * items_per_column].cmd));
286 /* Only close if we used the pager */
287 if (output != stdout)
291 pqsignal(SIGPIPE, SIG_DFL);
298 bool help_found = false;
301 /* don't care about trailing spaces */
303 while (topic[len - 1] == ' ')
306 for (i = 0; QL_HELP[i].cmd; i++)
308 if (strncasecmp(topic, QL_HELP[i].cmd, len) == 0 ||
309 strcmp(topic, "*") == 0)
312 printf(_("Command: %s\n"
315 QL_HELP[i].cmd, QL_HELP[i].help, QL_HELP[i].syntax);
316 /* If we have an exact match, exit. Fixes \h SELECT */
317 if (strcasecmp(topic, QL_HELP[i].cmd) == 0)
323 printf(_("No help available for '%-.*s'.\nTry \\h with no arguments to see available help.\n"), (int) len, topic);
330 print_copyright(void)
333 "PostgreSQL Data Base Management System\n\n"
334 "Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2002, PostgreSQL Global Development Group\n\n"
335 "This software is based on Postgres95, formerly known as Postgres, which\n"
336 "contains the following notice:\n\n"
337 "Portions Copyright(c) 1994 - 7 Regents of the University of California\n\n"
338 "Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its\n"
339 "documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement\n"
340 "is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph\n"
341 "and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.\n\n"
342 "IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR\n"
343 "DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING LOST\n"
344 "PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF\n"
345 "THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH\n"
347 "THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,\n"
348 "BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A\n"
349 "PARTICULAR PURPOSE.THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN \"AS IS\" BASIS,\n"
350 "AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE,\n"
351 "SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS."