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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * s_lock.c
4  *         Hardware-dependent implementation of spinlocks.
5  *
6  *
7  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
8  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
9  *
10  *
11  * IDENTIFICATION
12  *        $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/storage/lmgr/s_lock.c,v 1.35 2004/12/31 22:01:05 pgsql Exp $
13  *
14  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
15  */
16 #include "postgres.h"
17
18 #include <time.h>
19 #include <unistd.h>
20
21 #include "storage/s_lock.h"
22 #include "miscadmin.h"
23
24 /*
25  * s_lock_stuck() - complain about a stuck spinlock
26  */
27 static void
28 s_lock_stuck(volatile slock_t *lock, const char *file, int line)
29 {
30 #if defined(S_LOCK_TEST)
31         fprintf(stderr,
32                         "\nStuck spinlock (%p) detected at %s:%d.\n",
33                         lock, file, line);
34         exit(1);
35 #else
36         elog(PANIC, "stuck spinlock (%p) detected at %s:%d",
37                  lock, file, line);
38 #endif
39 }
40
41
42 /*
43  * s_lock(lock) - platform-independent portion of waiting for a spinlock.
44  */
45 void
46 s_lock(volatile slock_t *lock, const char *file, int line)
47 {
48         /*
49          * We loop tightly for awhile, then delay using pg_usleep() and try
50          * again. Preferably, "awhile" should be a small multiple of the
51          * maximum time we expect a spinlock to be held.  100 iterations seems
52          * about right.  In most multi-CPU scenarios, the spinlock is probably
53          * held by a process on another CPU and will be released before we
54          * finish 100 iterations.  However, on a uniprocessor, the tight loop
55          * is just a waste of cycles, so don't iterate thousands of times.
56          *
57          * Once we do decide to block, we use randomly increasing pg_usleep()
58          * delays. The first delay is 10 msec, then the delay randomly
59          * increases to about one second, after which we reset to 10 msec and
60          * start again.  The idea here is that in the presence of heavy
61          * contention we need to increase the delay, else the spinlock holder
62          * may never get to run and release the lock.  (Consider situation
63          * where spinlock holder has been nice'd down in priority by the
64          * scheduler --- it will not get scheduled until all would-be
65          * acquirers are sleeping, so if we always use a 10-msec sleep, there
66          * is a real possibility of starvation.)  But we can't just clamp the
67          * delay to an upper bound, else it would take a long time to make a
68          * reasonable number of tries.
69          *
70          * We time out and declare error after NUM_DELAYS delays (thus, exactly
71          * that many tries).  With the given settings, this will usually take
72          * 3 or so minutes.  It seems better to fix the total number of tries
73          * (and thus the probability of unintended failure) than to fix the
74          * total time spent.
75          *
76          * The pg_usleep() delays are measured in centiseconds (0.01 sec) because
77          * 10 msec is a common resolution limit at the OS level.
78          */
79 #define SPINS_PER_DELAY         100
80 #define NUM_DELAYS                      1000
81 #define MIN_DELAY_CSEC          1
82 #define MAX_DELAY_CSEC          100
83
84         int                     spins = 0;
85         int                     delays = 0;
86         int                     cur_delay = MIN_DELAY_CSEC;
87
88         while (TAS(lock))
89         {
90                 /* CPU-specific delay each time through the loop */
91                 SPIN_DELAY();
92
93                 /* Block the process every SPINS_PER_DELAY tries */
94                 if (++spins > SPINS_PER_DELAY)
95                 {
96                         if (++delays > NUM_DELAYS)
97                                 s_lock_stuck(lock, file, line);
98
99                         pg_usleep(cur_delay * 10000L);
100
101 #if defined(S_LOCK_TEST)
102                         fprintf(stdout, "*");
103                         fflush(stdout);
104 #endif
105
106                         /* increase delay by a random fraction between 1X and 2X */
107                         cur_delay += (int) (cur_delay *
108                           (((double) random()) / ((double) MAX_RANDOM_VALUE)) + 0.5);
109                         /* wrap back to minimum delay when max is exceeded */
110                         if (cur_delay > MAX_DELAY_CSEC)
111                                 cur_delay = MIN_DELAY_CSEC;
112
113                         spins = 0;
114                 }
115         }
116 }
117
118 /*
119  * Various TAS implementations that cannot live in s_lock.h as no inline
120  * definition exists (yet).
121  * In the future, get rid of tas.[cso] and fold it into this file.
122  *
123  * If you change something here, you will likely need to modify s_lock.h too,
124  * because the definitions for these are split between this file and s_lock.h.
125  */
126
127
128 #ifdef HAVE_SPINLOCKS                   /* skip spinlocks if requested */
129
130
131 #if defined(__GNUC__)
132
133 /*
134  * All the gcc flavors that are not inlined
135  */
136
137
138 #if defined(__m68k__)
139 /* really means: extern int tas(slock_t* **lock); */
140 static void
141 tas_dummy()
142 {
143         __asm__         __volatile__(
144 #if defined(__NetBSD__) && defined(__ELF__)
145 /* no underscore for label and % for registers */
146                                                                                 "\
147 .global         tas                             \n\
148 tas:                                                    \n\
149                         movel   %sp@(0x4),%a0   \n\
150                         tas     %a0@            \n\
151                         beq     _success        \n\
152                         moveq   #-128,%d0       \n\
153                         rts                             \n\
154 _success:                                               \n\
155                         moveq   #0,%d0          \n\
156                         rts                             \n"
157 #else
158                                                                                 "\
159 .global         _tas                            \n\
160 _tas:                                                   \n\
161                         movel   sp@(0x4),a0     \n\
162                         tas     a0@                     \n\
163                         beq     _success        \n\
164                         moveq   #-128,d0        \n\
165                         rts                                     \n\
166 _success:                                               \n\
167                         moveq   #0,d0           \n\
168                         rts                                     \n"
169 #endif   /* __NetBSD__ && __ELF__ */
170 );
171 }
172 #endif   /* __m68k__ */
173
174
175 #if defined(__mips__) && !defined(__sgi)
176 static void
177 tas_dummy()
178 {
179         __asm__         __volatile__(
180                                                                                  "\
181 .global tas                                             \n\
182 tas:                                                    \n\
183                         .frame  $sp, 0, $31     \n\
184                         .set push               \n\
185                         .set mips2              \n\
186                         ll              $14, 0($4)      \n\
187                         or              $15, $14, 1     \n\
188                         sc              $15, 0($4)      \n\
189                         .set pop                        \n\
190                         beq             $15, 0, fail\n\
191                         bne             $14, 0, fail\n\
192                         li              $2, 0           \n\
193                         .livereg 0x2000FF0E,0x00000FFF  \n\
194                         j               $31                     \n\
195 fail:                                                   \n\
196                         li              $2, 1           \n\
197                         j       $31                     \n\
198 ");
199 }
200 #endif   /* __mips__ && !__sgi */
201
202
203 #else                                                   /* not __GNUC__ */
204
205 /*
206  * All non gcc
207  */
208
209
210 #if defined(sun3)
211 static void
212 tas_dummy()                                             /* really means: extern int tas(slock_t
213                                                                  * *lock); */
214 {
215         asm("LLA0:");
216         asm("   .data");
217         asm("   .text");
218         asm("|#PROC# 04");
219         asm("   .globl  _tas");
220         asm("_tas:");
221         asm("|#PROLOGUE# 1");
222         asm("   movel   sp@(0x4),a0");
223         asm("   tas a0@");
224         asm("   beq LLA1");
225         asm("   moveq   #-128,d0");
226         asm("   rts");
227         asm("LLA1:");
228         asm("   moveq   #0,d0");
229         asm("   rts");
230         asm("   .data");
231 }
232 #endif   /* sun3 */
233
234
235 #if defined(__sparc__) || defined(__sparc)
236 /*
237  * sparc machines not using gcc
238  */
239 static void
240 tas_dummy()                                             /* really means: extern int tas(slock_t
241                                                                  * *lock); */
242 {
243
244 #ifdef SUNOS4_CC
245         asm(".seg \"data\"");
246         asm(".seg \"text\"");
247 #else
248         asm(".section \"data\"");
249         asm(".section \"text\"");
250 #endif
251
252         asm("_tas:");
253
254         /*
255          * Sparc atomic test and set (sparc calls it "atomic load-store")
256          */
257         asm("ldstub [%r8], %r8");
258         asm("retl");
259         asm("nop");
260 }
261 #endif   /* __sparc || __sparc__ */
262 #endif   /* not __GNUC__ */
263 #endif   /* HAVE_SPINLOCKS */
264
265
266
267 /*****************************************************************************/
268 #if defined(S_LOCK_TEST)
269
270 /*
271  * test program for verifying a port's spinlock support.
272  */
273
274 struct test_lock_struct
275 {
276         char            pad1;
277         slock_t         lock;
278         char            pad2;
279 };
280
281 volatile struct test_lock_struct test_lock;
282
283 int
284 main()
285 {
286         srandom((unsigned int) time(NULL));
287
288         test_lock.pad1 = test_lock.pad2 = 0x44;
289
290         S_INIT_LOCK(&test_lock.lock);
291
292         if (test_lock.pad1 != 0x44 || test_lock.pad2 != 0x44)
293         {
294                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, declared datatype is wrong size\n");
295                 return 1;
296         }
297
298         if (!S_LOCK_FREE(&test_lock.lock))
299         {
300                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, lock not initialized\n");
301                 return 1;
302         }
303
304         S_LOCK(&test_lock.lock);
305
306         if (test_lock.pad1 != 0x44 || test_lock.pad2 != 0x44)
307         {
308                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, declared datatype is wrong size\n");
309                 return 1;
310         }
311
312         if (S_LOCK_FREE(&test_lock.lock))
313         {
314                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, lock not locked\n");
315                 return 1;
316         }
317
318         S_UNLOCK(&test_lock.lock);
319
320         if (test_lock.pad1 != 0x44 || test_lock.pad2 != 0x44)
321         {
322                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, declared datatype is wrong size\n");
323                 return 1;
324         }
325
326         if (!S_LOCK_FREE(&test_lock.lock))
327         {
328                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, lock not unlocked\n");
329                 return 1;
330         }
331
332         S_LOCK(&test_lock.lock);
333
334         if (test_lock.pad1 != 0x44 || test_lock.pad2 != 0x44)
335         {
336                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, declared datatype is wrong size\n");
337                 return 1;
338         }
339
340         if (S_LOCK_FREE(&test_lock.lock))
341         {
342                 printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, lock not re-locked\n");
343                 return 1;
344         }
345
346         printf("S_LOCK_TEST: this will print %d stars and then\n", NUM_DELAYS);
347         printf("             exit with a 'stuck spinlock' message\n");
348         printf("             if S_LOCK() and TAS() are working.\n");
349         fflush(stdout);
350
351         s_lock(&test_lock.lock, __FILE__, __LINE__);
352
353         printf("S_LOCK_TEST: failed, lock not locked\n");
354         return 1;
355 }
356
357 #endif   /* S_LOCK_TEST */