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1 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2  *
3  * relnode.c
4  *        Relation-node lookup/construction routines
5  *
6  * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
7  * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
8  *
9  *
10  * IDENTIFICATION
11  *        $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/optimizer/util/relnode.c,v 1.64 2004/12/31 22:00:23 pgsql Exp $
12  *
13  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
14  */
15 #include "postgres.h"
16
17 #include "optimizer/cost.h"
18 #include "optimizer/joininfo.h"
19 #include "optimizer/pathnode.h"
20 #include "optimizer/plancat.h"
21 #include "optimizer/restrictinfo.h"
22 #include "optimizer/tlist.h"
23 #include "parser/parsetree.h"
24
25
26 static RelOptInfo *make_base_rel(Query *root, int relid);
27 static void build_joinrel_tlist(Query *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel);
28 static List *build_joinrel_restrictlist(Query *root,
29                                                    RelOptInfo *joinrel,
30                                                    RelOptInfo *outer_rel,
31                                                    RelOptInfo *inner_rel,
32                                                    JoinType jointype);
33 static void build_joinrel_joinlist(RelOptInfo *joinrel,
34                                            RelOptInfo *outer_rel,
35                                            RelOptInfo *inner_rel);
36 static List *subbuild_joinrel_restrictlist(RelOptInfo *joinrel,
37                                                           List *joininfo_list);
38 static void subbuild_joinrel_joinlist(RelOptInfo *joinrel,
39                                                   List *joininfo_list);
40
41
42 /*
43  * build_base_rel
44  *        Construct a new base relation RelOptInfo, and put it in the query's
45  *        base_rel_list.
46  */
47 void
48 build_base_rel(Query *root, int relid)
49 {
50         ListCell   *l;
51         RelOptInfo *rel;
52
53         /* Rel should not exist already */
54         foreach(l, root->base_rel_list)
55         {
56                 rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
57                 if (relid == rel->relid)
58                         elog(ERROR, "rel already exists");
59         }
60
61         /* It should not exist as an "other" rel, either */
62         foreach(l, root->other_rel_list)
63         {
64                 rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
65                 if (relid == rel->relid)
66                         elog(ERROR, "rel already exists as \"other\" rel");
67         }
68
69         /* No existing RelOptInfo for this base rel, so make a new one */
70         rel = make_base_rel(root, relid);
71
72         /* and add it to the list */
73         root->base_rel_list = lcons(rel, root->base_rel_list);
74 }
75
76 /*
77  * build_other_rel
78  *        Returns relation entry corresponding to 'relid', creating a new one
79  *        if necessary.  This is for 'other' relations, which are much like
80  *        base relations except that they live in a different list.
81  */
82 RelOptInfo *
83 build_other_rel(Query *root, int relid)
84 {
85         ListCell   *l;
86         RelOptInfo *rel;
87
88         /* Already made? */
89         foreach(l, root->other_rel_list)
90         {
91                 rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
92                 if (relid == rel->relid)
93                         return rel;
94         }
95
96         /* It should not exist as a base rel */
97         foreach(l, root->base_rel_list)
98         {
99                 rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
100                 if (relid == rel->relid)
101                         elog(ERROR, "rel already exists as base rel");
102         }
103
104         /* No existing RelOptInfo for this other rel, so make a new one */
105         rel = make_base_rel(root, relid);
106
107         /* presently, must be an inheritance child rel */
108         Assert(rel->reloptkind == RELOPT_BASEREL);
109         rel->reloptkind = RELOPT_OTHER_CHILD_REL;
110
111         /* and add it to the list */
112         root->other_rel_list = lcons(rel, root->other_rel_list);
113
114         return rel;
115 }
116
117 /*
118  * make_base_rel
119  *        Construct a base-relation RelOptInfo for the specified rangetable index.
120  *
121  * Common code for build_base_rel and build_other_rel.
122  */
123 static RelOptInfo *
124 make_base_rel(Query *root, int relid)
125 {
126         RelOptInfo *rel = makeNode(RelOptInfo);
127         RangeTblEntry *rte = rt_fetch(relid, root->rtable);
128
129         rel->reloptkind = RELOPT_BASEREL;
130         rel->relids = bms_make_singleton(relid);
131         rel->rows = 0;
132         rel->width = 0;
133         rel->reltargetlist = NIL;
134         rel->pathlist = NIL;
135         rel->cheapest_startup_path = NULL;
136         rel->cheapest_total_path = NULL;
137         rel->cheapest_unique_path = NULL;
138         rel->relid = relid;
139         rel->rtekind = rte->rtekind;
140         /* min_attr, max_attr, attr_needed, attr_widths are set below */
141         rel->indexlist = NIL;
142         rel->pages = 0;
143         rel->tuples = 0;
144         rel->subplan = NULL;
145         rel->baserestrictinfo = NIL;
146         rel->baserestrictcost.startup = 0;
147         rel->baserestrictcost.per_tuple = 0;
148         rel->outerjoinset = NULL;
149         rel->joininfo = NIL;
150         rel->index_outer_relids = NULL;
151         rel->index_inner_paths = NIL;
152
153         /* Check type of rtable entry */
154         switch (rte->rtekind)
155         {
156                 case RTE_RELATION:
157                         /* Table --- retrieve statistics from the system catalogs */
158                         get_relation_info(rte->relid, rel);
159                         break;
160                 case RTE_SUBQUERY:
161                 case RTE_FUNCTION:
162                         /* Subquery or function --- set up attr range and arrays */
163                         /* Note: 0 is included in range to support whole-row Vars */
164                         rel->min_attr = 0;
165                         rel->max_attr = list_length(rte->eref->colnames);
166                         rel->attr_needed = (Relids *)
167                                 palloc0((rel->max_attr - rel->min_attr + 1) * sizeof(Relids));
168                         rel->attr_widths = (int32 *)
169                                 palloc0((rel->max_attr - rel->min_attr + 1) * sizeof(int32));
170                         break;
171                 default:
172                         elog(ERROR, "unrecognized RTE kind: %d",
173                                  (int) rte->rtekind);
174                         break;
175         }
176
177         return rel;
178 }
179
180 /*
181  * find_base_rel
182  *        Find a base or other relation entry, which must already exist
183  *        (since we'd have no idea which list to add it to).
184  */
185 RelOptInfo *
186 find_base_rel(Query *root, int relid)
187 {
188         ListCell   *l;
189         RelOptInfo *rel;
190
191         foreach(l, root->base_rel_list)
192         {
193                 rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
194                 if (relid == rel->relid)
195                         return rel;
196         }
197
198         foreach(l, root->other_rel_list)
199         {
200                 rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
201                 if (relid == rel->relid)
202                         return rel;
203         }
204
205         elog(ERROR, "no relation entry for relid %d", relid);
206
207         return NULL;                            /* keep compiler quiet */
208 }
209
210 /*
211  * find_join_rel
212  *        Returns relation entry corresponding to 'relids' (a set of RT indexes),
213  *        or NULL if none exists.  This is for join relations.
214  */
215 RelOptInfo *
216 find_join_rel(Query *root, Relids relids)
217 {
218         ListCell   *l;
219
220         foreach(l, root->join_rel_list)
221         {
222                 RelOptInfo *rel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(l);
223
224                 if (bms_equal(rel->relids, relids))
225                         return rel;
226         }
227
228         return NULL;
229 }
230
231 /*
232  * build_join_rel
233  *        Returns relation entry corresponding to the union of two given rels,
234  *        creating a new relation entry if none already exists.
235  *
236  * 'joinrelids' is the Relids set that uniquely identifies the join
237  * 'outer_rel' and 'inner_rel' are relation nodes for the relations to be
238  *              joined
239  * 'jointype': type of join (inner/outer)
240  * 'restrictlist_ptr': result variable.  If not NULL, *restrictlist_ptr
241  *              receives the list of RestrictInfo nodes that apply to this
242  *              particular pair of joinable relations.
243  *
244  * restrictlist_ptr makes the routine's API a little grotty, but it saves
245  * duplicated calculation of the restrictlist...
246  */
247 RelOptInfo *
248 build_join_rel(Query *root,
249                            Relids joinrelids,
250                            RelOptInfo *outer_rel,
251                            RelOptInfo *inner_rel,
252                            JoinType jointype,
253                            List **restrictlist_ptr)
254 {
255         RelOptInfo *joinrel;
256         List       *restrictlist;
257
258         /*
259          * See if we already have a joinrel for this set of base rels.
260          */
261         joinrel = find_join_rel(root, joinrelids);
262
263         if (joinrel)
264         {
265                 /*
266                  * Yes, so we only need to figure the restrictlist for this
267                  * particular pair of component relations.
268                  */
269                 if (restrictlist_ptr)
270                         *restrictlist_ptr = build_joinrel_restrictlist(root,
271                                                                                                                    joinrel,
272                                                                                                                    outer_rel,
273                                                                                                                    inner_rel,
274                                                                                                                    jointype);
275                 return joinrel;
276         }
277
278         /*
279          * Nope, so make one.
280          */
281         joinrel = makeNode(RelOptInfo);
282         joinrel->reloptkind = RELOPT_JOINREL;
283         joinrel->relids = bms_copy(joinrelids);
284         joinrel->rows = 0;
285         joinrel->width = 0;
286         joinrel->reltargetlist = NIL;
287         joinrel->pathlist = NIL;
288         joinrel->cheapest_startup_path = NULL;
289         joinrel->cheapest_total_path = NULL;
290         joinrel->cheapest_unique_path = NULL;
291         joinrel->relid = 0;                     /* indicates not a baserel */
292         joinrel->rtekind = RTE_JOIN;
293         joinrel->min_attr = 0;
294         joinrel->max_attr = 0;
295         joinrel->attr_needed = NULL;
296         joinrel->attr_widths = NULL;
297         joinrel->indexlist = NIL;
298         joinrel->pages = 0;
299         joinrel->tuples = 0;
300         joinrel->subplan = NULL;
301         joinrel->baserestrictinfo = NIL;
302         joinrel->baserestrictcost.startup = 0;
303         joinrel->baserestrictcost.per_tuple = 0;
304         joinrel->outerjoinset = NULL;
305         joinrel->joininfo = NIL;
306         joinrel->index_outer_relids = NULL;
307         joinrel->index_inner_paths = NIL;
308
309         /*
310          * Create a new tlist containing just the vars that need to be output
311          * from this join (ie, are needed for higher joinclauses or final
312          * output).
313          */
314         build_joinrel_tlist(root, joinrel);
315
316         /*
317          * Construct restrict and join clause lists for the new joinrel. (The
318          * caller might or might not need the restrictlist, but I need it
319          * anyway for set_joinrel_size_estimates().)
320          */
321         restrictlist = build_joinrel_restrictlist(root,
322                                                                                           joinrel,
323                                                                                           outer_rel,
324                                                                                           inner_rel,
325                                                                                           jointype);
326         if (restrictlist_ptr)
327                 *restrictlist_ptr = restrictlist;
328         build_joinrel_joinlist(joinrel, outer_rel, inner_rel);
329
330         /*
331          * Set estimates of the joinrel's size.
332          */
333         set_joinrel_size_estimates(root, joinrel, outer_rel, inner_rel,
334                                                            jointype, restrictlist);
335
336         /*
337          * Add the joinrel to the query's joinrel list.
338          */
339         root->join_rel_list = lcons(joinrel, root->join_rel_list);
340
341         return joinrel;
342 }
343
344 /*
345  * build_joinrel_tlist
346  *        Builds a join relation's target list.
347  *
348  * The join's targetlist includes all Vars of its member relations that
349  * will still be needed above the join.
350  *
351  * In a former lifetime, this just merged the tlists of the two member
352  * relations first presented.  While we could still do that, working from
353  * lists of Vars would mean doing a find_base_rel lookup for each Var.
354  * It seems more efficient to scan the list of base rels and collect the
355  * needed vars directly from there.
356  *
357  * We also compute the expected width of the join's output, making use
358  * of data that was cached at the baserel level by set_rel_width().
359  */
360 static void
361 build_joinrel_tlist(Query *root, RelOptInfo *joinrel)
362 {
363         Relids          relids = joinrel->relids;
364         ListCell   *rels;
365
366         joinrel->reltargetlist = NIL;
367         joinrel->width = 0;
368
369         foreach(rels, root->base_rel_list)
370         {
371                 RelOptInfo *baserel = (RelOptInfo *) lfirst(rels);
372                 ListCell   *vars;
373
374                 if (!bms_is_member(baserel->relid, relids))
375                         continue;
376
377                 foreach(vars, baserel->reltargetlist)
378                 {
379                         Var                *var = (Var *) lfirst(vars);
380                         int                     ndx = var->varattno - baserel->min_attr;
381
382                         /* We can't run into any child RowExprs here */
383                         Assert(IsA(var, Var));
384
385                         if (bms_nonempty_difference(baserel->attr_needed[ndx], relids))
386                         {
387                                 joinrel->reltargetlist = lappend(joinrel->reltargetlist, var);
388                                 Assert(baserel->attr_widths[ndx] > 0);
389                                 joinrel->width += baserel->attr_widths[ndx];
390                         }
391                 }
392         }
393 }
394
395 /*
396  * build_joinrel_restrictlist
397  * build_joinrel_joinlist
398  *        These routines build lists of restriction and join clauses for a
399  *        join relation from the joininfo lists of the relations it joins.
400  *
401  *        These routines are separate because the restriction list must be
402  *        built afresh for each pair of input sub-relations we consider, whereas
403  *        the join lists need only be computed once for any join RelOptInfo.
404  *        The join lists are fully determined by the set of rels making up the
405  *        joinrel, so we should get the same results (up to ordering) from any
406  *        candidate pair of sub-relations.      But the restriction list is whatever
407  *        is not handled in the sub-relations, so it depends on which
408  *        sub-relations are considered.
409  *
410  *        If a join clause from an input relation refers to base rels still not
411  *        present in the joinrel, then it is still a join clause for the joinrel;
412  *        we put it into an appropriate JoinInfo list for the joinrel.  Otherwise,
413  *        the clause is now a restrict clause for the joined relation, and we
414  *        return it to the caller of build_joinrel_restrictlist() to be stored in
415  *        join paths made from this pair of sub-relations.      (It will not need to
416  *        be considered further up the join tree.)
417  *
418  *        When building a restriction list, we eliminate redundant clauses.
419  *        We don't try to do that for join clause lists, since the join clauses
420  *        aren't really doing anything, just waiting to become part of higher
421  *        levels' restriction lists.
422  *
423  * 'joinrel' is a join relation node
424  * 'outer_rel' and 'inner_rel' are a pair of relations that can be joined
425  *              to form joinrel.
426  * 'jointype' is the type of join used.
427  *
428  * build_joinrel_restrictlist() returns a list of relevant restrictinfos,
429  * whereas build_joinrel_joinlist() stores its results in the joinrel's
430  * joininfo lists.      One or the other must accept each given clause!
431  *
432  * NB: Formerly, we made deep(!) copies of each input RestrictInfo to pass
433  * up to the join relation.  I believe this is no longer necessary, because
434  * RestrictInfo nodes are no longer context-dependent.  Instead, just include
435  * the original nodes in the lists made for the join relation.
436  */
437 static List *
438 build_joinrel_restrictlist(Query *root,
439                                                    RelOptInfo *joinrel,
440                                                    RelOptInfo *outer_rel,
441                                                    RelOptInfo *inner_rel,
442                                                    JoinType jointype)
443 {
444         List       *result;
445         List       *rlist;
446
447         /*
448          * Collect all the clauses that syntactically belong at this level.
449          */
450         rlist = list_concat(subbuild_joinrel_restrictlist(joinrel,
451                                                                                                         outer_rel->joininfo),
452                                                 subbuild_joinrel_restrictlist(joinrel,
453                                                                                                    inner_rel->joininfo));
454
455         /*
456          * Eliminate duplicate and redundant clauses.
457          *
458          * We must eliminate duplicates, since we will see many of the same
459          * clauses arriving from both input relations.  Also, if a clause is a
460          * mergejoinable clause, it's possible that it is redundant with
461          * previous clauses (see optimizer/README for discussion).      We detect
462          * that case and omit the redundant clause from the result list.
463          */
464         result = remove_redundant_join_clauses(root, rlist, jointype);
465
466         list_free(rlist);
467
468         return result;
469 }
470
471 static void
472 build_joinrel_joinlist(RelOptInfo *joinrel,
473                                            RelOptInfo *outer_rel,
474                                            RelOptInfo *inner_rel)
475 {
476         subbuild_joinrel_joinlist(joinrel, outer_rel->joininfo);
477         subbuild_joinrel_joinlist(joinrel, inner_rel->joininfo);
478 }
479
480 static List *
481 subbuild_joinrel_restrictlist(RelOptInfo *joinrel,
482                                                           List *joininfo_list)
483 {
484         List       *restrictlist = NIL;
485         ListCell   *xjoininfo;
486
487         foreach(xjoininfo, joininfo_list)
488         {
489                 JoinInfo   *joininfo = (JoinInfo *) lfirst(xjoininfo);
490
491                 if (bms_is_subset(joininfo->unjoined_relids, joinrel->relids))
492                 {
493                         /*
494                          * Clauses in this JoinInfo list become restriction clauses
495                          * for the joinrel, since they refer to no outside rels.
496                          *
497                          * We must copy the list to avoid disturbing the input relation,
498                          * but we can use a shallow copy.
499                          */
500                         restrictlist = list_concat(restrictlist,
501                                                                 list_copy(joininfo->jinfo_restrictinfo));
502                 }
503                 else
504                 {
505                         /*
506                          * These clauses are still join clauses at this level, so we
507                          * ignore them in this routine.
508                          */
509                 }
510         }
511
512         return restrictlist;
513 }
514
515 static void
516 subbuild_joinrel_joinlist(RelOptInfo *joinrel,
517                                                   List *joininfo_list)
518 {
519         ListCell   *xjoininfo;
520
521         foreach(xjoininfo, joininfo_list)
522         {
523                 JoinInfo   *joininfo = (JoinInfo *) lfirst(xjoininfo);
524                 Relids          new_unjoined_relids;
525
526                 new_unjoined_relids = bms_difference(joininfo->unjoined_relids,
527                                                                                          joinrel->relids);
528                 if (bms_is_empty(new_unjoined_relids))
529                 {
530                         /*
531                          * Clauses in this JoinInfo list become restriction clauses
532                          * for the joinrel, since they refer to no outside rels. So we
533                          * can ignore them in this routine.
534                          */
535                         bms_free(new_unjoined_relids);
536                 }
537                 else
538                 {
539                         /*
540                          * These clauses are still join clauses at this level, so find
541                          * or make the appropriate JoinInfo item for the joinrel, and
542                          * add the clauses to it, eliminating duplicates.  (Since
543                          * RestrictInfo nodes are normally multiply-linked rather than
544                          * copied, pointer equality should be a sufficient test.  If
545                          * two equal() nodes should happen to sneak in, no great harm
546                          * is done --- they'll be detected by redundant-clause testing
547                          * when they reach a restriction list.)
548                          */
549                         JoinInfo   *new_joininfo;
550
551                         new_joininfo = make_joininfo_node(joinrel, new_unjoined_relids);
552                         new_joininfo->jinfo_restrictinfo =
553                                 list_union_ptr(new_joininfo->jinfo_restrictinfo,
554                                                            joininfo->jinfo_restrictinfo);
555                 }
556         }
557 }