1 # Polish translation for shadow man pages
5 "Project-Id-Version: man pages for shadow 4.0.16\n"
6 "POT-Creation-Date: 2009-05-10 20:31+0200\n"
7 "PO-Revision-Date: 2008-08-15 12:10-0300\n"
8 "Last-Translator: Tomasz Kłoczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>\n"
9 "Language-Team: Polish <translation-team-pl@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
11 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
12 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
14 #: vipw.8.xml:38(refentrytitle) vipw.8.xml:43(refname) vipw.8.xml:52(command)
18 #: vipw.8.xml:39(manvolnum) usermod.8.xml:40(manvolnum)
19 #: userdel.8.xml:42(manvolnum) userdel.8.xml:199(replaceable)
20 #: useradd.8.xml:50(manvolnum) pwconv.8.xml:43(manvolnum)
21 #: pwck.8.xml:41(manvolnum) nologin.8.xml:35(manvolnum)
22 #: newusers.8.xml:51(manvolnum) logoutd.8.xml:35(manvolnum)
23 #: lastlog.8.xml:36(manvolnum) grpck.8.xml:39(manvolnum)
24 #: groupmod.8.xml:39(manvolnum) groupmems.8.xml:39(manvolnum)
25 #: groupdel.8.xml:39(manvolnum) groupdel.8.xml:129(replaceable)
26 #: groupadd.8.xml:43(manvolnum) faillog.8.xml:35(manvolnum)
27 #: faillog.5.xml:82(manvolnum) chpasswd.8.xml:42(manvolnum)
28 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:43(manvolnum)
32 #: vipw.8.xml:40(refmiscinfo) usermod.8.xml:41(refmiscinfo)
33 #: userdel.8.xml:43(refmiscinfo) useradd.8.xml:51(refmiscinfo)
34 #: pwconv.8.xml:44(refmiscinfo) pwck.8.xml:42(refmiscinfo)
35 #: nologin.8.xml:36(refmiscinfo) newusers.8.xml:52(refmiscinfo)
36 #: logoutd.8.xml:36(refmiscinfo) lastlog.8.xml:37(refmiscinfo)
37 #: grpck.8.xml:40(refmiscinfo) groupmod.8.xml:40(refmiscinfo)
38 #: groupmems.8.xml:40(refmiscinfo) groupdel.8.xml:40(refmiscinfo)
39 #: groupadd.8.xml:44(refmiscinfo) faillog.8.xml:36(refmiscinfo)
40 #: chpasswd.8.xml:43(refmiscinfo) chgpasswd.8.xml:44(refmiscinfo)
41 msgid "System Management Commands"
42 msgstr "Polecenia Zarządzania Systemem"
44 #: vipw.8.xml:44(refname) vipw.8.xml:58(command)
48 #: vipw.8.xml:45(refpurpose)
49 msgid "edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file"
50 msgstr "edytuj plik haseł, grup lub ich wersji chronionych"
52 #: vipw.8.xml:54(replaceable) vipw.8.xml:60(replaceable)
53 #: usermod.8.xml:52(replaceable) userdel.8.xml:52(arg)
54 #: useradd.8.xml:61(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:73(replaceable)
55 #: su.1.xml:66(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:57(replaceable)
56 #: newusers.8.xml:63(replaceable) lastlog.8.xml:48(replaceable)
57 #: groupmod.8.xml:51(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:55(replaceable)
58 #: faillog.8.xml:47(replaceable) chsh.1.xml:53(replaceable)
59 #: chpasswd.8.xml:54(replaceable) chgpasswd.8.xml:55(replaceable)
60 #: chage.1.xml:46(replaceable)
64 #: vipw.8.xml:66(title) usermod.8.xml:59(title) userdel.8.xml:60(title)
65 #: useradd.8.xml:79(title) suauth.5.xml:50(title) su.1.xml:77(title)
66 #: sg.1.xml:59(title) shadow.5.xml:44(title) shadow.3.xml:93(title)
67 #: shadow.3.xml:149(title) pwconv.8.xml:70(title) pwck.8.xml:81(title)
68 #: porttime.5.xml:44(title) passwd.5.xml:44(title) passwd.1.xml:66(title)
69 #: nologin.8.xml:50(title) newusers.8.xml:70(title) newgrp.1.xml:55(title)
70 #: logoutd.8.xml:50(title) login.defs.5.xml:107(title)
71 #: login.access.5.xml:45(title) login.1.xml:103(title) limits.5.xml:46(title)
72 #: lastlog.8.xml:54(title) gshadow.5.xml:43(title) grpck.8.xml:69(title)
73 #: groups.1.xml:53(title) groupmod.8.xml:58(title) groupmems.8.xml:60(title)
74 #: groupdel.8.xml:57(title) groupadd.8.xml:62(title) gpasswd.1.xml:69(title)
75 #: faillog.8.xml:53(title) faillog.5.xml:44(title) expiry.1.xml:59(title)
76 #: chsh.1.xml:62(title) chpasswd.8.xml:60(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:61(title)
77 #: chfn.1.xml:63(title) chage.1.xml:55(title)
81 #: vipw.8.xml:67(para)
83 "The <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</command> commands edits the "
84 "files <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/group</filename>, "
85 "respectively. With the <option>-s</option> flag, they will edit the shadow "
86 "versions of those files, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> and <filename>/etc/"
87 "gshadow</filename>, respectively. The programs will set the appropriate "
88 "locks to prevent file corruption. When looking for an editor, the programs "
89 "will first try the environment variable <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, then the "
90 "environment variable <envar>$EDITOR</envar>, and finally the default editor, "
91 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
94 "Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</command> umożliwiają "
95 "modyfikację plików odpowiednio <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> i <filename>/"
96 "etc/group</filename>. Przy zastosowaniu flagi <option>-s</option> modyfikują "
97 "także dodatkowe wersje chronione tych plików - odpowiednio <filename>/etc/"
98 "shadow</filename> i <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>. Dla ochrony przed "
99 "uszkodzeniem w trakcie modyfikacji tych plików programy te ustawiają "
100 "odpowiednie blokady. Szukając edytora programy te używają w pierwszej "
101 "kolejności zmiennej środowiska <envar>$VISUAL</envar>, a następnie <envar>"
102 "$EDITOR</envar>, a na końcu a na końcu domyślnego edytora "
103 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
106 #: vipw.8.xml:84(title) usermod.8.xml:67(title) userdel.8.xml:69(title)
107 #: useradd.8.xml:97(title) su.1.xml:123(title) pwck.8.xml:133(title)
108 #: passwd.1.xml:152(title) newusers.8.xml:222(title) login.1.xml:188(title)
109 #: lastlog.8.xml:66(title) grpck.8.xml:114(title) groupmod.8.xml:67(title)
110 #: groupmems.8.xml:75(title) groupadd.8.xml:71(title) gpasswd.1.xml:109(title)
111 #: faillog.8.xml:64(title) chsh.1.xml:73(title) chpasswd.8.xml:109(title)
112 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:88(title) chage.1.xml:65(title)
116 #: vipw.8.xml:85(para)
118 "The options which apply to the <command>vipw</command> and <command>vigr</"
119 "command> commands are:"
121 "Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</command> posiadają "
122 "następujące opcje:Polecenia <command>vipw</command> i <command>vigr</"
123 "command> posiadają następujące opcje:"
125 #: vipw.8.xml:91(term)
126 msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
127 msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
129 #: vipw.8.xml:93(para)
130 msgid "Edit group database."
131 msgstr "Edycja bazy grup."
133 #: vipw.8.xml:97(term) userdel.8.xml:99(term) useradd.8.xml:247(term)
134 #: passwd.1.xml:192(term) newusers.8.xml:240(term) lastlog.8.xml:82(term)
135 #: groupmod.8.xml:93(term) groupadd.8.xml:106(term) faillog.8.xml:80(term)
136 #: chsh.1.xml:79(term) chpasswd.8.xml:137(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:114(term)
137 #: chage.1.xml:103(term)
138 msgid "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
139 msgstr "<option>-h</option>, <option>--help</option>"
141 #: vipw.8.xml:99(para) userdel.8.xml:101(para) useradd.8.xml:249(para)
142 #: passwd.1.xml:194(para) newusers.8.xml:242(para) lastlog.8.xml:86(para)
143 #: groupmod.8.xml:95(para) groupadd.8.xml:108(para) faillog.8.xml:82(para)
144 #: chsh.1.xml:81(para) chpasswd.8.xml:139(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:116(para)
145 #: chage.1.xml:105(para)
146 msgid "Display help message and exit."
147 msgstr "Wyświetlenie komunikatu pomocy i zakończenie działania."
149 #: vipw.8.xml:103(term)
150 msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
151 msgstr "<option>-p</option>, <option>--passwd</option>"
153 #: vipw.8.xml:105(para)
154 msgid "Edit passwd database."
155 msgstr "Edycja bazy passwd."
157 #: vipw.8.xml:109(term) passwd.1.xml:259(term)
158 msgid "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
159 msgstr "<option>-q</option>, <option>--quiet</option>"
161 #: vipw.8.xml:111(para) passwd.1.xml:263(para)
163 msgstr "Cichy tryb pracy."
165 #: vipw.8.xml:115(term)
166 msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
167 msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
169 #: vipw.8.xml:117(para)
170 msgid "Edit shadow or gshadow database."
171 msgstr "Edycja bazy shadow lub gshadow."
173 #: vipw.8.xml:124(title) usermod.8.xml:339(title) userdel.8.xml:140(title)
174 #: useradd.8.xml:637(title) suauth.5.xml:168(title) su.1.xml:253(title)
175 #: sg.1.xml:88(title) shadow.5.xml:230(title) shadow.3.xml:201(title)
176 #: pwconv.8.xml:168(title) pwck.8.xml:196(title) porttime.5.xml:105(title)
177 #: passwd.5.xml:116(title) passwd.1.xml:375(title) newusers.8.xml:342(title)
178 #: newgrp.1.xml:99(title) logoutd.8.xml:64(title) login.access.5.xml:96(title)
179 #: login.1.xml:316(title) limits.5.xml:140(title) lastlog.8.xml:147(title)
180 #: gshadow.5.xml:89(title) grpck.8.xml:166(title) groups.1.xml:75(title)
181 #: groupmod.8.xml:155(title) groupmems.8.xml:168(title)
182 #: groupdel.8.xml:88(title) groupadd.8.xml:194(title) gpasswd.1.xml:230(title)
183 #: faillog.8.xml:204(title) faillog.5.xml:67(title) expiry.1.xml:68(title)
184 #: chsh.1.xml:133(title) chpasswd.8.xml:204(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:180(title)
185 #: chfn.1.xml:113(title) chage.1.xml:206(title)
189 #: vipw.8.xml:127(filename) usermod.8.xml:342(filename)
190 #: userdel.8.xml:143(filename) useradd.8.xml:652(filename)
191 #: sg.1.xml:103(filename) pwck.8.xml:199(filename)
192 #: newusers.8.xml:357(filename) newgrp.1.xml:114(filename)
193 #: gshadow.5.xml:92(filename) grpck.8.xml:169(filename)
194 #: groups.1.xml:78(filename) groupmod.8.xml:158(filename)
195 #: groupmems.8.xml:171(filename) groupdel.8.xml:91(filename)
196 #: groupadd.8.xml:197(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:49(filename)
197 #: gpasswd.1.xml:233(filename) chgpasswd.8.xml:183(filename)
201 #: vipw.8.xml:129(para) usermod.8.xml:344(para) userdel.8.xml:145(para)
202 #: useradd.8.xml:654(para) sg.1.xml:105(para) pwck.8.xml:201(para)
203 #: newusers.8.xml:359(para) newgrp.1.xml:116(para) gshadow.5.xml:94(para)
204 #: grpck.8.xml:171(para) groups.1.xml:80(para) groupmod.8.xml:160(para)
205 #: groupmems.8.xml:173(para) groupdel.8.xml:93(para) groupadd.8.xml:199(para)
206 #: gpasswd.1.xml:235(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:185(para)
207 msgid "Group account information."
208 msgstr "Informacje o grupach użytkowników."
210 #: vipw.8.xml:133(filename) useradd.8.xml:658(filename) sg.1.xml:109(filename)
211 #: newusers.8.xml:363(filename) newgrp.1.xml:120(filename)
212 #: gshadow.5.xml:98(filename) grpck.8.xml:175(filename)
213 #: groupmod.8.xml:164(filename) groupmems.8.xml:177(filename)
214 #: groupdel.8.xml:97(filename) groupadd.8.xml:203(filename)
215 #: gpasswd.1.xml:50(filename) gpasswd.1.xml:239(filename)
216 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:189(filename)
218 msgstr "/etc/gshadow"
220 #: vipw.8.xml:135(para) useradd.8.xml:660(para) sg.1.xml:111(para)
221 #: newusers.8.xml:365(para) newgrp.1.xml:122(para) gshadow.5.xml:100(para)
222 #: grpck.8.xml:177(para) groupmod.8.xml:166(para) groupdel.8.xml:99(para)
223 #: groupadd.8.xml:205(para) gpasswd.1.xml:241(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:191(para)
224 msgid "Secure group account information."
225 msgstr "Informacje chronione o grupach użytkowników."
227 #: vipw.8.xml:139(filename) usermod.8.xml:348(filename)
228 #: userdel.8.xml:155(filename) useradd.8.xml:640(filename)
229 #: su.1.xml:256(filename) sg.1.xml:91(filename) shadow.5.xml:233(filename)
230 #: pwck.8.xml:205(filename) passwd.5.xml:119(filename)
231 #: passwd.1.xml:378(filename) newusers.8.xml:345(filename)
232 #: newgrp.1.xml:102(filename) login.1.xml:331(filename)
233 #: grpck.8.xml:181(filename) expiry.1.xml:71(filename)
234 #: chsh.1.xml:136(filename) chpasswd.8.xml:207(filename)
235 #: chfn.1.xml:122(filename) chage.1.xml:210(filename)
239 #: vipw.8.xml:141(para) usermod.8.xml:350(para) userdel.8.xml:157(para)
240 #: useradd.8.xml:642(para) su.1.xml:258(para) sg.1.xml:93(para)
241 #: shadow.5.xml:235(para) pwck.8.xml:207(para) passwd.5.xml:121(para)
242 #: passwd.1.xml:380(para) newusers.8.xml:347(para) newgrp.1.xml:104(para)
243 #: login.1.xml:333(para) grpck.8.xml:183(para) expiry.1.xml:73(para)
244 #: chsh.1.xml:138(para) chpasswd.8.xml:209(para) chfn.1.xml:124(para)
245 #: chage.1.xml:213(para)
246 msgid "User account information."
247 msgstr "Informacja o kontach użytkowników."
249 #: vipw.8.xml:145(filename) usermod.8.xml:354(filename)
250 #: userdel.8.xml:161(filename) useradd.8.xml:646(filename)
251 #: su.1.xml:262(filename) sg.1.xml:97(filename) shadow.5.xml:239(filename)
252 #: shadow.3.xml:204(filename) pwck.8.xml:211(filename)
253 #: passwd.5.xml:125(filename) passwd.1.xml:384(filename)
254 #: newusers.8.xml:351(filename) newgrp.1.xml:108(filename)
255 #: login.1.xml:337(filename) expiry.1.xml:77(filename)
256 #: chpasswd.8.xml:213(filename) chage.1.xml:218(filename)
260 #: vipw.8.xml:147(para) usermod.8.xml:356(para) userdel.8.xml:163(para)
261 #: useradd.8.xml:648(para) su.1.xml:264(para) sg.1.xml:99(para)
262 #: shadow.5.xml:241(para) shadow.3.xml:206(para) pwck.8.xml:213(para)
263 #: passwd.1.xml:386(para) newusers.8.xml:353(para) newgrp.1.xml:110(para)
264 #: login.1.xml:339(para) expiry.1.xml:79(para) chpasswd.8.xml:215(para)
265 #: chage.1.xml:221(para)
266 msgid "Secure user account information."
267 msgstr "Informacje chronione o użytkownikach."
269 #: vipw.8.xml:154(title) usermod.8.xml:363(title) userdel.8.xml:242(title)
270 #: useradd.8.xml:754(title) suauth.5.xml:197(title) su.1.xml:271(title)
271 #: sg.1.xml:118(title) shadow.5.xml:248(title) shadow.3.xml:213(title)
272 #: pwconv.8.xml:180(title) pwck.8.xml:220(title) porttime.5.xml:117(title)
273 #: passwd.5.xml:134(title) passwd.1.xml:456(title) nologin.8.xml:64(title)
274 #: newusers.8.xml:384(title) newgrp.1.xml:129(title)
275 #: login.defs.5.xml:471(title) login.access.5.xml:108(title)
276 #: login.1.xml:370(title) limits.5.xml:150(title) gshadow.5.xml:107(title)
277 #: grpck.8.xml:190(title) groups.1.xml:87(title) groupmod.8.xml:224(title)
278 #: groupmems.8.xml:186(title) groupdel.8.xml:145(title)
279 #: groupadd.8.xml:284(title) gpasswd.1.xml:248(title) faillog.8.xml:216(title)
280 #: faillog.5.xml:79(title) expiry.1.xml:86(title) chsh.1.xml:157(title)
281 #: chpasswd.8.xml:234(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:204(title) chfn.1.xml:131(title)
282 #: chage.1.xml:261(title)
284 msgstr "ZOBACZ TAKŻE"
286 #: vipw.8.xml:155(para)
288 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
289 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
290 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
291 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
292 "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
293 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
294 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
297 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
298 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
299 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
300 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
301 "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
302 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
303 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
306 #: usermod.8.xml:39(refentrytitle) usermod.8.xml:44(refname)
307 #: usermod.8.xml:50(command) login.defs.5.xml:443(term)
311 #: usermod.8.xml:45(refpurpose)
312 msgid "modify a user account"
313 msgstr "zmiana danych konta użytkownika"
315 #: usermod.8.xml:54(replaceable) userdel.8.xml:54(replaceable)
316 #: useradd.8.xml:63(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:60(replaceable)
317 #: chsh.1.xml:56(replaceable) chage.1.xml:49(replaceable)
321 #: usermod.8.xml:60(para)
323 "The <command>usermod</command> command modifies the system account files to "
324 "reflect the changes that are specified on the command line."
326 "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> zmienia systemowe pliki kont, "
327 "odzwierciedlając zmiany podane w wierszu poleceń."
329 #: usermod.8.xml:68(para)
330 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
331 msgstr "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
333 #: usermod.8.xml:74(term)
334 msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option>"
335 msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
337 #: usermod.8.xml:78(para)
339 "Add the user to the supplemental group(s). Use only with <option>-G</option> "
342 "Dodaj użytkownika do dodatkowej grupy lub grup. Może być użyte tylko z opcją "
343 "<option>-G</option>."
345 #: usermod.8.xml:85(term) useradd.8.xml:125(term)
347 "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option><replaceable>COMMENT</"
350 "<option>-c</option>, <option>--comment</option><replaceable>KOMENTARZ</"
353 #: usermod.8.xml:90(para)
355 "The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally "
356 "modified using the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
357 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> utility."
359 "Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
360 "jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
361 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
363 #: usermod.8.xml:99(term) useradd.8.xml:138(term)
365 "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option><replaceable>HOME_DIR</"
368 "<option>-d</option>, <option>--home</option><replaceable>KAT_DOMOWY</"
371 #: usermod.8.xml:104(para)
372 msgid "The user's new login directory."
375 #: usermod.8.xml:107(para)
378 #| "The user's new login directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is "
379 #| "given the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new "
380 #| "home directory, which is created if it does not already exist."
382 "If the <option>-m</option> option is given the contents of the current home "
383 "directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it "
384 "does not already exist."
386 "Nowy katalog domowy użytkownika. Jeżeli podano opcję <option>-m</option>, to "
387 "zawartość aktualnego katalogu domowego zostanie przesunięta do nowego "
388 "katalogu. Nowy katalog domowy jest tworzony jeśli nie istnieje."
390 #: usermod.8.xml:116(term) useradd.8.xml:165(term) useradd.8.xml:512(term)
392 "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option><replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</"
395 "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expiredate</option><replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</"
398 #: usermod.8.xml:121(para) useradd.8.xml:170(para)
400 "The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified "
401 "in the format <emphasis remap=\"I\">YYYY-MM-DD</emphasis>."
403 "Data, od której konto danego użytkownika zostanie wyłączone. Data podawana "
404 "jest w formacie <emphasis remap=\"I\">MM/DD/RR</emphasis>."
406 #: usermod.8.xml:128(term) useradd.8.xml:183(term) useradd.8.xml:525(term)
408 "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option><replaceable>INACTIVE</"
411 "<option>-f</option>, <option>--inactive</option><replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</"
414 #: usermod.8.xml:133(para)
416 "The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently "
420 #: usermod.8.xml:137(para)
423 #| "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
424 #| "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
425 #| "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature. The default "
428 "A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has expired, and a "
429 "value of -1 disables the feature."
431 "Liczba dni po wygaśnięciu hasła do stałego wyłączenia konta. Wartość 0 "
432 "wyłącza konto natychmiast po przeterminowaniu hasła, zaś wartość -1 wyłącza "
433 "tę cechę. Domyślną wartością jest -1."
435 #: usermod.8.xml:145(term) useradd.8.xml:203(term) useradd.8.xml:541(term)
437 "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option><replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>"
439 "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option><replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable>"
441 #: usermod.8.xml:150(para)
444 #| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
445 #| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
446 #| "The default group number is 1."
448 "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
451 "Nazwa lub numer początkowej grupy logowania użytkownika. Nazwa grupy musi "
452 "istnieć. Numer grupy musi odnosić się do już istniejącej grupy. Domyślnym "
453 "numerem grupy jest 1."
455 #: usermod.8.xml:157(term) useradd.8.xml:231(term)
457 "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option><replaceable>GROUP1</"
458 "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GROUP2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap=\"I"
459 "\">,GROUPN</emphasis>]]]"
461 "<option>-G</option>, <option>--groups</option><replaceable>GRUPA1</"
462 "replaceable>[<emphasis remap=\"I\">,GRUPA2,...</emphasis>[<emphasis remap=\"I"
463 "\">,GRUPAN</emphasis>]]]"
465 #: usermod.8.xml:162(para)
468 "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
469 "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
470 "The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
471 "<option>-g</option> option."
473 "Lista dodatkowych grup, do których również należy użytkownik. Każda grupa "
474 "oddzielona jest od następnej przecinkiem, bez wtrąconej spacji. Do grup "
475 "odnoszą się te same ograniczenia, które obowiązują przy grupie podanej w "
476 "opcji <option>-g</option>. Jeżeli użytkownik jest obecnie członkiem grupy, "
477 "której nie podano na liście, to zostanie z niej usunięty."
479 #: usermod.8.xml:169(para)
482 "If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user "
483 "will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the "
484 "<option>-a</option> option, which appends the user to the current "
485 "supplementary group list."
487 "Lista dodatkowych grup, do których również należy użytkownik. Każda grupa "
488 "oddzielona jest od następnej przecinkiem, bez wtrąconej spacji. Do grup "
489 "odnoszą się te same ograniczenia, które obowiązują przy grupie podanej w "
490 "opcji <option>-g</option>. Jeżeli użytkownik jest obecnie członkiem grupy, "
491 "której nie podano na liście, to zostanie z niej usunięty."
493 #: usermod.8.xml:178(term)
495 "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option><replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</"
498 "<option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option><replaceable>NOWY_LOGIN</"
501 #: usermod.8.xml:183(para)
504 "The name of the user will be changed from <replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> "
505 "to <replaceable>NEW_LOGIN</replaceable>. Nothing else is changed. In "
506 "particular, the user's home directory name should probably be changed "
507 "manually to reflect the new login name."
509 "Nazwa użytkownika zostanie zmieniona z <emphasis remap=\"I\">LOGIN</"
510 "emphasis> na <emphasis remap=\"I\">NOWY_LOGIN</emphasis>. Nic więcej nie "
511 "jest zmieniane. W szczególności, prawdopodobnie powinna zostać zmieniona "
512 "nazwa katalogu domowego użytkownika, tak by odzwierciedlała nową nazwę "
515 #: usermod.8.xml:193(term)
516 msgid "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
517 msgstr "<option>-L</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
519 #: usermod.8.xml:197(para)
521 "Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, "
522 "effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with <option>-"
523 "p</option> or <option>-U</option>."
525 "Zablokuj hasło użytkownika. Opcja ta powoduje wstawienie ’!’ na początku "
526 "zakodowanego hasła. Opcji tej nie można używać z opcjami <option>-p</option> "
527 "or <option>-U</option>."
529 #: usermod.8.xml:203(para)
531 "Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you "
532 "should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> to "
533 "<replaceable>1</replaceable>."
536 #: usermod.8.xml:212(term) useradd.8.xml:364(term) groupmod.8.xml:111(term)
537 #: groupadd.8.xml:133(term)
538 msgid "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
539 msgstr "<option>-o</option>, <option>--non-unique</option>"
541 #: usermod.8.xml:216(para)
543 "When used with the <option>-u</option> option, this option allows to change "
544 "the user ID to a non-unique value."
547 #: usermod.8.xml:223(term) useradd.8.xml:376(term) groupmod.8.xml:122(term)
548 #: groupadd.8.xml:143(term)
550 "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option><replaceable>PASSWORD</"
553 "<option>-p</option>, <option>--password</option><replaceable>HASŁO</"
556 #: usermod.8.xml:228(para) groupmod.8.xml:127(para)
558 "The encrypted password, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
559 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
562 #: usermod.8.xml:233(para) useradd.8.xml:386(para) groupmod.8.xml:132(para)
563 #: groupadd.8.xml:153(para)
565 "<emphasis role=\"bold\">Note:</emphasis> This option is not recommended "
566 "because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users "
567 "listing the processes."
570 #: usermod.8.xml:241(term) useradd.8.xml:421(term) useradd.8.xml:562(term)
571 #: su.1.xml:157(term) chsh.1.xml:85(term)
573 "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option><replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>"
575 "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option><replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>"
577 #: usermod.8.xml:246(para) chsh.1.xml:89(para)
579 "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank causes "
580 "the system to select the default login shell."
582 "Nazwa nowej powłoki (shell) użytkownika. Ustawienie tego pola na puste "
583 "powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną powłokę logowania."
585 #: usermod.8.xml:253(term) useradd.8.xml:436(term)
587 "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
589 "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
591 #: usermod.8.xml:258(para)
592 msgid "The new numerical value of the user's ID."
595 #: usermod.8.xml:261(para)
597 "This value must be unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. "
598 "The value must be non-negative. Values between 0 and 999 are typically "
599 "reserved for system accounts."
602 #: usermod.8.xml:267(para)
604 "Any files which the user owns and which are located in the directory tree "
605 "rooted at the user's home directory will have the file user ID changed "
606 "automatically. Files outside of the user's home directory must be altered "
610 #: usermod.8.xml:277(term)
611 msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
612 msgstr "<option>-U</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
614 #: usermod.8.xml:281(para)
616 "Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted "
617 "password. You can't use this option with <option>-p</option> or <option>-L</"
620 "Odblokowuje hasło użytkownika. Opcja ta powoduje usuniecie ’!’ z początku "
621 "zakodowanego hasła. Opcji tej nie można używać z opcjami <option>-p</option> "
622 "lub <option>-L</option>."
624 #: usermod.8.xml:286(para)
626 "Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), "
627 "you should also set the <replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> (for example "
628 "to <replaceable>99999</replaceable>, or to the <replaceable>EXPIRE</"
629 "replaceable> value from <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>)."
632 #: usermod.8.xml:297(term) useradd.8.xml:468(term)
635 #| "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option><replaceable>SHELL</"
638 "<option>-Z</option>, <option>--selinux-user</option><replaceable>SEUSER</"
641 "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option><replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>"
643 #: usermod.8.xml:302(para)
646 #| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
647 #| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
649 "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
650 "the blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
652 "Nazwa nowej powłoki (shell) użytkownika. Ustawienie tego pola na puste "
653 "powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną powłokę logowania."
655 #: usermod.8.xml:313(title) userdel.8.xml:221(title) useradd.8.xml:591(title)
656 #: su.1.xml:217(title) shadow.3.xml:193(title) passwd.1.xml:339(title)
657 #: newusers.8.xml:295(title) login.1.xml:238(title) lastlog.8.xml:159(title)
658 #: groupdel.8.xml:69(title) groupadd.8.xml:218(title) gpasswd.1.xml:203(title)
659 #: faillog.8.xml:193(title) chpasswd.8.xml:182(title)
660 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:157(title)
664 #: usermod.8.xml:314(para)
667 #| "<command>usermod</command> will not allow you to change the name of a "
668 #| "user who is logged in. You must make certain that the named user is not "
669 #| "executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user's "
670 #| "numerical user ID is being changed. You must change the owner of any "
671 #| "<command>crontab</command> files manually. You must change the owner of "
672 #| "any <command>at</command> jobs manually. You must make any changes "
673 #| "involving NIS on the NIS server."
675 "<command>usermod</command> will not allow you to change the name of an user "
676 "who is logged in. You must make certain that the named user is not executing "
677 "any processes when this command is being executed if the user's numerical "
678 "user ID is being changed. You must change the owner of any <command>crontab</"
679 "command> files manually. You must change the owner of any <command>at</"
680 "command> jobs manually. You must make any changes involving NIS on the NIS "
683 "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> nie pozwola na zmianę nazwy "
684 "zalogowanego użytkownika. Jeśli zmieniany jest numeryczny identyfikator "
685 "użytkownika procesu to musisz się upewnić, że w trakcie wykonywania tego "
686 "polecenia użytkownik nie wykonuje żadnego procesu. Właśniciela plików "
687 "<command>crontab</command> musisz zmienić ręcznie. Właśniciela zadań "
688 "<command>at</command> musisz zmienić ręcznie. Jakiekolwiek zmiany dotyczące "
689 "NIS musisz wykonać na serwerze NIS."
691 #: usermod.8.xml:326(title) userdel.8.xml:125(title) useradd.8.xml:614(title)
692 #: su.1.xml:225(title) sg.1.xml:76(title) pwconv.8.xml:146(title)
693 #: pwck.8.xml:182(title) passwd.1.xml:357(title) newusers.8.xml:309(title)
694 #: newgrp.1.xml:87(title) login.1.xml:272(title) grpck.8.xml:154(title)
695 #: groupmod.8.xml:143(title) groupmems.8.xml:156(title)
696 #: groupdel.8.xml:76(title) groupadd.8.xml:180(title) gpasswd.1.xml:215(title)
697 #: chsh.1.xml:120(title) chpasswd.8.xml:190(title) chgpasswd.8.xml:165(title)
698 #: chfn.1.xml:99(title)
699 msgid "CONFIGURATION"
702 #: usermod.8.xml:327(para) userdel.8.xml:126(para) useradd.8.xml:615(para)
703 #: su.1.xml:226(para) sg.1.xml:77(para) pwck.8.xml:183(para)
704 #: passwd.1.xml:358(para) newusers.8.xml:310(para) newgrp.1.xml:88(para)
705 #: login.1.xml:273(para) grpck.8.xml:155(para) groupmod.8.xml:144(para)
706 #: groupmems.8.xml:157(para) groupdel.8.xml:77(para) groupadd.8.xml:181(para)
707 #: gpasswd.1.xml:216(para) chsh.1.xml:121(para) chpasswd.8.xml:191(para)
708 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:166(para) chfn.1.xml:100(para)
710 "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
711 "filename> change the behavior of this tool:"
714 #: usermod.8.xml:32(term) userdel.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term)
715 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
717 msgid "<option>MAIL_DIR</option> (string)"
718 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
720 #: usermod.8.xml:34(para) userdel.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para)
721 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
723 "The mail spool directory. This is needed to manipulate the mailbox when its "
724 "corresponding user account is modified or deleted. If not specified, a "
725 "compile-time default is used."
728 #: usermod.8.xml:41(term) userdel.8.xml:41(term) useradd.8.xml:41(term)
729 #: su.1.xml:41(term) login.defs.5.xml:41(term) login.1.xml:41(term)
731 msgid "<option>MAIL_FILE</option> (string)"
732 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
734 #: usermod.8.xml:43(para) userdel.8.xml:43(para) useradd.8.xml:43(para)
735 #: su.1.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) login.1.xml:43(para)
737 "Defines the location of the users mail spool files relatively to their home "
741 #. FIXME: MAIL_FILE not used in useradd
742 #: usermod.8.xml:50(para) userdel.8.xml:50(para) useradd.8.xml:50(para)
743 #: su.1.xml:50(para) login.defs.5.xml:50(para) login.1.xml:50(para)
745 "The <option>MAIL_DIR</option> and <option>MAIL_FILE</option> variables are "
746 "used by <command>useradd</command>, <command>usermod</command>, and "
747 "<command>userdel</command> to create, move, or delete the user's mail spool."
750 #: usermod.8.xml:56(para) userdel.8.xml:56(para) useradd.8.xml:56(para)
751 #: su.1.xml:56(para) login.defs.5.xml:56(para) login.1.xml:56(para)
753 "If <option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> is set to <replaceable>yes</"
754 "replaceable>, they are also used to define the <envar>MAIL</envar> "
755 "environment variable."
758 #: usermod.8.xml:30(term) userdel.8.xml:30(term) useradd.8.xml:30(term)
759 #: pwconv.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term)
760 #: grpck.8.xml:30(term) groupmod.8.xml:30(term) groupmems.8.xml:30(term)
761 #: groupdel.8.xml:30(term) groupadd.8.xml:30(term) gpasswd.1.xml:30(term)
762 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term)
763 msgid "<option>MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP</option> (number)"
766 #: usermod.8.xml:32(para) userdel.8.xml:32(para) useradd.8.xml:32(para)
767 #: pwconv.8.xml:32(para) newusers.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para)
768 #: grpck.8.xml:32(para) groupmod.8.xml:32(para) groupmems.8.xml:32(para)
769 #: groupdel.8.xml:32(para) groupadd.8.xml:32(para) gpasswd.1.xml:32(para)
770 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:32(para)
772 "Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group "
773 "entry (line) is started in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (with the same "
774 "name, same password, and same GID)."
777 #: usermod.8.xml:37(para) userdel.8.xml:37(para) useradd.8.xml:37(para)
778 #: pwconv.8.xml:37(para) newusers.8.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para)
779 #: grpck.8.xml:37(para) groupmod.8.xml:37(para) groupmems.8.xml:37(para)
780 #: groupdel.8.xml:37(para) groupadd.8.xml:37(para) gpasswd.1.xml:37(para)
781 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:37(para)
783 "The default value is 0, meaning that there are no limits in the number of "
784 "members in a group."
787 #. Note: on HP, split groups have the same ID, but different
789 #: usermod.8.xml:43(para) userdel.8.xml:43(para) useradd.8.xml:43(para)
790 #: pwconv.8.xml:43(para) newusers.8.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para)
791 #: grpck.8.xml:43(para) groupmod.8.xml:43(para) groupmems.8.xml:43(para)
792 #: groupdel.8.xml:43(para) groupadd.8.xml:43(para) gpasswd.1.xml:43(para)
793 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:43(para)
795 "This feature (split group) permits to limit the length of lines in the group "
796 "file. This is useful to make sure that lines for NIS groups are not larger "
797 "than 1024 characters."
800 #: usermod.8.xml:48(para) userdel.8.xml:48(para) useradd.8.xml:48(para)
801 #: pwconv.8.xml:48(para) newusers.8.xml:48(para) login.defs.5.xml:48(para)
802 #: grpck.8.xml:48(para) groupmod.8.xml:48(para) groupmems.8.xml:48(para)
803 #: groupdel.8.xml:48(para) groupadd.8.xml:48(para) gpasswd.1.xml:48(para)
804 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:48(para)
805 msgid "If you need to enforce such limit, you can use 25."
808 #: usermod.8.xml:51(para) userdel.8.xml:51(para) useradd.8.xml:51(para)
809 #: pwconv.8.xml:51(para) newusers.8.xml:51(para) login.defs.5.xml:51(para)
810 #: grpck.8.xml:51(para) groupmod.8.xml:51(para) groupmems.8.xml:51(para)
811 #: groupdel.8.xml:51(para) groupadd.8.xml:51(para) gpasswd.1.xml:51(para)
812 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:51(para)
814 "Note: split groups may not be supported by all tools (even in the Shadow "
815 "toolsuite). You should not use this variable unless you really need it."
818 #: usermod.8.xml:364(para)
820 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
821 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
822 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
823 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
824 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
825 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
826 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
827 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
828 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
829 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
830 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
831 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
832 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
833 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
834 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
835 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
836 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
838 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
839 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
840 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
841 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
842 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
843 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
844 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
845 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
846 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
847 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
848 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
849 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
850 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
851 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
852 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
853 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
854 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
856 #: userdel.8.xml:41(refentrytitle) userdel.8.xml:46(refname)
857 #: userdel.8.xml:51(command) login.defs.5.xml:434(term)
861 #: userdel.8.xml:47(refpurpose)
862 msgid "delete a user account and related files"
863 msgstr "plik chroniony informacji o użytkownikach"
865 #: userdel.8.xml:61(para)
868 "The <command>userdel</command> command modifies the system account files, "
869 "deleting all entries that refer to the user name <emphasis remap=\"I"
870 "\">LOGIN</emphasis>. The named user must exist."
872 "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> zmienia systemowe pliki kont, "
873 "odzwierciedlając zmiany podane w wierszu poleceń."
875 #: userdel.8.xml:70(para)
876 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>userdel</command> command are:"
877 msgstr "Polecenie <command>userdel</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
879 #: userdel.8.xml:75(term) groupadd.8.xml:78(term)
880 msgid "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
881 msgstr "<option>-f</option>, <option>--force</option>"
883 #: userdel.8.xml:79(para)
885 "This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is "
886 "still logged in. It also forces <command>userdel</command> to remove the "
887 "user's home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same "
888 "home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user. If "
889 "<emphasis>USERGROUPS_ENAB</emphasis> is defined to <emphasis remap=\"I"
890 "\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> and if a group "
891 "exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be "
892 "removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user."
895 #: userdel.8.xml:92(para)
897 "<emphasis>Note:</emphasis> This option is dangerous and may leave your "
898 "system in an inconsistent state."
901 #: userdel.8.xml:105(term)
902 msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
903 msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
905 #: userdel.8.xml:109(para)
907 "Files in the user's home directory will be removed along with the home "
908 "directory itself and the user's mail spool. Files located in other file "
909 "systems will have to be searched for and deleted manually."
912 #: userdel.8.xml:115(para)
914 "The mail spool is defined by the <emphasis>MAIL_DIR</emphasis> variable in "
915 "the <filename>login.defs</filename> file."
918 #: userdel.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
920 msgid "<option>USERDEL_CMD</option> (string)"
921 msgstr "USERDEL_CMD (łańcuch)"
923 #: userdel.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
925 "If defined, this command is run when removing a user. It should remove any "
926 "at/cron/print jobs etc. owned by the user to be removed (passed as the first "
930 #: userdel.8.xml:32(term) useradd.8.xml:32(term) su.1.xml:32(term)
931 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
933 msgid "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
934 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
936 #: userdel.8.xml:34(para) useradd.8.xml:34(para) su.1.xml:34(para)
937 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
939 "Enable setting of the umask group bits to be the same as owner bits "
940 "(examples: 022 -> 002, 077 -> 007) for non-root users, if the uid is "
941 "the same as gid, and username is the same as the primary group name."
944 #: userdel.8.xml:39(para) useradd.8.xml:39(para) su.1.xml:39(para)
945 #: login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para)
947 "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, <command>userdel</command> will "
948 "remove the user's group if it contains no more members, and "
949 "<command>useradd</command> will create by default a group with the name of "
953 #: userdel.8.xml:149(filename) useradd.8.xml:676(filename)
954 #: pwconv.8.xml:171(filename) passwd.1.xml:390(filename)
955 #: newusers.8.xml:369(filename) login.access.5.xml:99(filename)
956 #: groupadd.8.xml:209(filename) chsh.1.xml:148(filename)
957 #: chpasswd.8.xml:219(filename) chgpasswd.8.xml:195(filename)
958 #: chfn.1.xml:116(filename)
959 msgid "/etc/login.defs"
960 msgstr "/etc/login.defs"
962 #: userdel.8.xml:151(para) useradd.8.xml:678(para) pwconv.8.xml:173(para)
963 #: passwd.1.xml:392(para) newusers.8.xml:371(para)
964 #: login.access.5.xml:101(para) groupadd.8.xml:211(para) chsh.1.xml:150(para)
965 #: chpasswd.8.xml:221(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:197(para) chfn.1.xml:118(para)
966 msgid "Shadow password suite configuration."
967 msgstr "Konfiguracja pakietu shadow."
969 #: userdel.8.xml:170(title) useradd.8.xml:685(title) pwck.8.xml:241(title)
970 #: passwd.1.xml:405(title) grpck.8.xml:214(title) groupmod.8.xml:173(title)
971 #: groupdel.8.xml:106(title) groupadd.8.xml:239(title) chage.1.xml:228(title)
973 msgstr "KOD ZAKOŃCZENIA"
975 #: userdel.8.xml:175(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:690(replaceable)
976 #: pwck.8.xml:246(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:410(replaceable)
977 #: grpck.8.xml:219(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:178(replaceable)
978 #: groupdel.8.xml:111(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:244(replaceable)
979 #: chage.1.xml:233(replaceable)
983 #: userdel.8.xml:177(para) useradd.8.xml:692(para) pwck.8.xml:248(para)
984 #: passwd.1.xml:412(para) grpck.8.xml:221(para) groupmod.8.xml:180(para)
985 #: groupdel.8.xml:113(para) groupadd.8.xml:246(para) chage.1.xml:235(para)
987 msgstr "poprawne zakończenie działania programu"
989 #: userdel.8.xml:181(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:696(replaceable)
990 #: su.1.xml:55(manvolnum) sg.1.xml:39(manvolnum) pwck.8.xml:252(replaceable)
991 #: passwd.1.xml:45(manvolnum) passwd.1.xml:416(replaceable)
992 #: newgrp.1.xml:39(manvolnum) login.1.xml:71(manvolnum)
993 #: grpck.8.xml:225(replaceable) groups.1.xml:35(manvolnum)
994 #: gpasswd.1.xml:43(manvolnum) expiry.1.xml:42(manvolnum)
995 #: chsh.1.xml:41(manvolnum) chfn.1.xml:42(manvolnum) chage.1.xml:35(manvolnum)
996 #: chage.1.xml:239(replaceable)
1000 #: userdel.8.xml:183(para) useradd.8.xml:698(para)
1001 msgid "can't update password file"
1002 msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z hasłami"
1004 #: userdel.8.xml:187(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:702(replaceable)
1005 #: pwck.8.xml:258(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:422(replaceable)
1006 #: grpck.8.xml:231(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:184(replaceable)
1007 #: groupdel.8.xml:117(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:250(replaceable)
1008 #: chage.1.xml:245(replaceable)
1012 #: userdel.8.xml:189(para) useradd.8.xml:704(para) pwck.8.xml:254(para)
1013 #: grpck.8.xml:227(para) groupmod.8.xml:186(para) groupdel.8.xml:119(para)
1014 #: groupadd.8.xml:252(para) chage.1.xml:247(para)
1015 msgid "invalid command syntax"
1016 msgstr "niepoprawna składnia polecenia"
1018 #: userdel.8.xml:193(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:720(replaceable)
1019 #: pwck.8.xml:282(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:446(replaceable)
1020 #: groupmod.8.xml:202(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:123(replaceable)
1024 #: userdel.8.xml:195(para)
1025 msgid "specified user doesn't exist"
1028 #: userdel.8.xml:201(para)
1029 msgid "user currently logged in"
1032 #: userdel.8.xml:205(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:732(replaceable)
1033 #: groupmod.8.xml:214(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:135(replaceable)
1034 #: groupadd.8.xml:274(replaceable)
1038 #: userdel.8.xml:207(para) useradd.8.xml:734(para) groupmod.8.xml:216(para)
1039 #: groupdel.8.xml:137(para) groupadd.8.xml:276(para)
1040 msgid "can't update group file"
1041 msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z grupami"
1043 #: userdel.8.xml:211(replaceable) useradd.8.xml:738(replaceable)
1047 #: userdel.8.xml:213(para)
1048 msgid "can't remove home directory"
1051 #: userdel.8.xml:171(para)
1053 "The <command>userdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
1056 "Polecenie <command>userdel</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
1057 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
1059 #: userdel.8.xml:222(para)
1061 "<command>userdel</command> will not allow you to remove an account if the "
1062 "user is currently logged in. You must kill any running processes which "
1063 "belong to an account that you are deleting."
1066 #: userdel.8.xml:227(para)
1068 "You may not remove any NIS attributes on a NIS client. This must be "
1069 "performed on the NIS server."
1072 #: userdel.8.xml:230(para)
1074 "If <emphasis>USERGROUPS_ENAB</emphasis> is defined to <emphasis remap=\"I"
1075 "\">yes</emphasis> in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, <command>userdel</"
1076 "command> will delete the group with the same name as the user. To avoid "
1077 "inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases, <command>userdel</"
1078 "command> will check that this group is not used as a primary group for "
1079 "another user, and will just warn without deleting the user otherwise. The "
1080 "<option>-f</option> option can force the deletion of this group."
1083 #: userdel.8.xml:243(para)
1085 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1086 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
1087 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1088 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1089 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
1090 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1091 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1092 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
1093 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1094 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1095 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
1096 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1097 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1098 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
1099 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
1101 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1102 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
1103 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1104 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1105 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
1106 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1107 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1108 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
1109 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1110 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1111 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
1112 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1113 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1114 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
1115 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
1117 #: useradd.8.xml:49(refentrytitle) useradd.8.xml:54(refname)
1118 #: useradd.8.xml:59(command) useradd.8.xml:66(command)
1119 #: useradd.8.xml:70(command) login.defs.5.xml:421(term)
1123 #: useradd.8.xml:55(refpurpose)
1124 msgid "create a new user or update default new user information"
1127 #: useradd.8.xml:67(arg) useradd.8.xml:71(arg)
1131 #: useradd.8.xml:80(para)
1133 "When invoked without the <option>-D</option> option, the <command>useradd</"
1134 "command> command creates a new user account using the values specified on "
1135 "the command line plus the default values from the system. Depending on "
1136 "command line options, the <command>useradd</command> command will update "
1137 "system files and may also create the new user's home directory and copy "
1141 #: useradd.8.xml:89(para)
1143 "By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see <option>-g</"
1144 "option>, <option>-N</option>, <option>-U</option>, and "
1145 "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option>)."
1148 #: useradd.8.xml:98(para)
1149 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>useradd</command> command are:"
1150 msgstr "Polecenie <command>useradd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
1152 #: useradd.8.xml:102(term) useradd.8.xml:493(term)
1154 "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option><replaceable>BASE_DIR</"
1157 "<option>-b</option>, <option>--base-dir</option><replaceable>KAT_BAZOWY</"
1160 #: useradd.8.xml:107(para)
1162 "The default base directory for the system if <option>-d</"
1163 "option><replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> is not specified. "
1164 "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> is concatenated with the account name to "
1165 "define the home directory. If the <option>-m</option> option is not used, "
1166 "<replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> must exist."
1169 #: useradd.8.xml:115(para)
1171 "If this option is not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the "
1172 "base directory specified by the <option>HOME</option> variable in <filename>/"
1173 "etc/default/useradd</filename>, or <filename>/home</filename> by default."
1176 #: useradd.8.xml:130(para)
1178 "Any text string. It is generally a short description of the login, and is "
1179 "currently used as the field for the user's full name."
1182 #: useradd.8.xml:143(para)
1184 "The new user will be created using <replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> as "
1185 "the value for the user's login directory. The default is to append the "
1186 "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> name to <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> "
1187 "and use that as the login directory name. The directory "
1188 "<replaceable>HOME_DIR</replaceable> does not have to exist but will not be "
1189 "created if it is missing."
1192 #: useradd.8.xml:155(term)
1194 #| msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
1195 msgid "<option>-D</option>, <option>--defaults</option>"
1196 msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
1198 #: useradd.8.xml:159(para)
1199 msgid "See below, the subsection \"Changing the default values\"."
1202 #: useradd.8.xml:174(para)
1204 "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default expiry "
1205 "date specified by the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
1206 "default/useradd</filename>, or an empty string (no expiry) by default."
1209 #: useradd.8.xml:188(para)
1212 #| "The number of days after a password expires until the account is "
1213 #| "permanently disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the "
1214 #| "password has expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature. The default "
1217 "The number of days after a password expires until the account is permanently "
1218 "disabled. A value of 0 disables the account as soon as the password has "
1219 "expired, and a value of -1 disables the feature."
1221 "Liczba dni po wygaśnięciu hasła do stałego wyłączenia konta. Wartość 0 "
1222 "wyłącza konto natychmiast po przeterminowaniu hasła, zaś wartość -1 wyłącza "
1223 "tę cechę. Domyślną wartością jest -1."
1225 #: useradd.8.xml:194(para)
1227 "If not specified, <command>useradd</command> will use the default inactivity "
1228 "period specified by the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in the <filename>/"
1229 "etc/default/useradd</filename>, or -1 by default."
1232 #: useradd.8.xml:208(para)
1235 #| "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
1236 #| "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
1237 #| "The default group number is 1."
1239 "The group name or number of the user's initial login group. The group name "
1240 "must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group."
1242 "Nazwa lub numer początkowej grupy logowania użytkownika. Nazwa grupy musi "
1243 "istnieć. Numer grupy musi odnosić się do już istniejącej grupy. Domyślnym "
1244 "numerem grupy jest 1."
1246 #: useradd.8.xml:213(para)
1248 "If not specified, the bahavior of <command>useradd</command> will depend on "
1249 "the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
1250 "filename>. If this variable is set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable> (or "
1251 "<option>-U/--user-group</option> is specified on the command line), a group "
1252 "will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname. If the "
1253 "variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> (or <option>-N/--no-user-"
1254 "group</option> is specified on the command line), useradd will set the "
1255 "primary group of the new user to the value specified by the <option>GROUP</"
1256 "option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>, or 100 by "
1260 #: useradd.8.xml:236(para)
1262 "A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each "
1263 "group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. "
1264 "The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the "
1265 "<option>-g</option> option. The default is for the user to belong only to "
1266 "the initial group."
1269 #: useradd.8.xml:253(term)
1272 #| "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option><replaceable>SHELL</"
1275 "<option>-k</option>, <option>--skel</option><replaceable>SKEL_DIR</"
1278 "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shell</option><replaceable>SHELL</replaceable>"
1280 #: useradd.8.xml:258(para)
1282 "The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in "
1283 "the user's home directory, when the home directory is created by "
1284 "<command>useradd</command>."
1287 #: useradd.8.xml:263(para)
1289 #| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
1291 "This option is only valid if the <option>-m</option> (or <option>--create-"
1292 "home</option>) option is specified."
1293 msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
1295 #: useradd.8.xml:267(para)
1297 "If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the "
1298 "<option>SKEL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> "
1299 "or, by default, <filename>/etc/skel</filename>."
1302 #: useradd.8.xml:276(term) groupadd.8.xml:112(term)
1304 "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option><replaceable>KEY</"
1305 "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
1307 "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option><replaceable>KLUCZ</"
1308 "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
1310 #: useradd.8.xml:281(para)
1312 "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (UID_MIN, UID_MAX, "
1313 "UMASK, PASS_MAX_DAYS and others). <placeholder-1/> Example: <option>-K </"
1314 "option><replaceable>PASS_MAX_DAYS</replaceable>=<replaceable>-1</"
1315 "replaceable> can be used when creating system account to turn off password "
1316 "ageing, even though system account has no password at all. Multiple <option>-"
1317 "K</option> options can be specified, e.g.: <option>-K </"
1318 "option><replaceable>UID_MIN</replaceable>=<replaceable>100</"
1319 "replaceable><option> -K </option><replaceable>UID_MAX</"
1320 "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
1323 #: useradd.8.xml:295(para)
1325 "Note: <option>-K </option><replaceable>UID_MIN</"
1326 "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>UID_MAX</"
1327 "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
1330 #: useradd.8.xml:303(term)
1332 #| msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
1333 msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--no-log-init</option>"
1334 msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
1336 #: useradd.8.xml:305(para)
1337 msgid "Do not add the user to the lastlog and faillog databases."
1340 #: useradd.8.xml:308(para)
1342 "By default, the user's entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are "
1343 "resetted to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user."
1346 #: useradd.8.xml:316(term)
1347 msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
1348 msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
1350 #: useradd.8.xml:320(para)
1352 "Create the user's home directory if it does not exist. The files and "
1353 "directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with "
1354 "the <option>-k</option> option) will be copied to the home directory."
1357 #: useradd.8.xml:326(para)
1358 msgid "By default, no home directories are created."
1361 #: useradd.8.xml:333(option)
1367 #: useradd.8.xml:336(para)
1369 "Do no create the user's home directory, even if the system wide setting from "
1370 "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>) is set "
1371 "to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
1374 #: useradd.8.xml:345(term)
1376 #| msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
1377 msgid "<option>-N</option>, <option>--no-user-group</option>"
1378 msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
1380 #: useradd.8.xml:349(para)
1382 "Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to "
1383 "the group specified by the <option>-g</option> option or by the GROUP "
1384 "variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename>."
1387 #: useradd.8.xml:355(para) useradd.8.xml:459(para)
1389 "The default behavior (if the <option>-g</option>, <option>-N</option>, and "
1390 "<option>-U</option> options are not specified) is defined by the "
1391 "<option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
1395 #: useradd.8.xml:368(para)
1396 msgid "Allow the creation of a user account with a duplicate (non-unique) UID."
1399 #: useradd.8.xml:369(para)
1401 #| msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
1403 "This option is only valid in combination with the <option>-o</option> option."
1404 msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--create-home</option>"
1406 #: useradd.8.xml:381(para)
1408 "The encrypted password, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
1409 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to "
1410 "disable the account."
1413 #: useradd.8.xml:394(term) newusers.8.xml:246(term) groupadd.8.xml:161(term)
1415 #| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
1416 msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--system</option>"
1417 msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
1419 #: useradd.8.xml:398(para) newusers.8.xml:250(para)
1420 msgid "Create a system account."
1423 #: useradd.8.xml:401(para)
1425 "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
1426 "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are choosen in the "
1427 "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined in "
1428 "<filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
1429 "<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> counterparts for "
1430 "the creation of groups)."
1433 #: useradd.8.xml:410(para)
1435 "Note that <command>useradd</command> will not create a home directory for "
1436 "such an user, regardless of the default setting in <filename>/etc/login."
1437 "defs</filename> (<option>CREATE_HOME</option>). You have to specify the "
1438 "<option>-m</option> options if you want a home directory for a system "
1439 "account to be created."
1442 #: useradd.8.xml:426(para)
1444 "The name of the user's login shell. The default is to leave this field "
1445 "blank, which causes the system to select the default login shell specified "
1446 "by the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</"
1447 "filename>, or an empty string by default."
1450 #: useradd.8.xml:441(para)
1452 "The numerical value of the user's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
1453 "<option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
1454 "default is to use the smallest ID value greater than 999 and greater than "
1455 "every other user. Values between 0 and 999 are typically reserved for system "
1459 #: useradd.8.xml:451(term)
1461 #| msgid "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
1462 msgid "<option>-U</option>, <option>--user-group</option>"
1463 msgstr "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option>"
1465 #: useradd.8.xml:455(para)
1467 "Create a group with the same name as the user, and add the user to this "
1471 #: useradd.8.xml:473(para)
1474 #| "The name of the user's new login shell. Setting this field to blank "
1475 #| "causes the system to select the default login shell."
1477 "The SELinux user for the user's login. The default is to leave this field "
1478 "blank, which causes the system to select the default SELinux user."
1480 "Nazwa nowej powłoki (shell) użytkownika. Ustawienie tego pola na puste "
1481 "powoduje, że system wybierze domyślną powłokę logowania."
1483 #: useradd.8.xml:483(title)
1484 msgid "Changing the default values"
1487 #: useradd.8.xml:484(para)
1489 "When invoked with only the <option>-D</option> option, <command>useradd</"
1490 "command> will display the current default values. When invoked with <option>-"
1491 "D</option> plus other options, <command>useradd</command> will update the "
1492 "default values for the specified options. Valid default-changing options are:"
1495 #: useradd.8.xml:498(para)
1497 "The path prefix for a new user's home directory. The user's name will be "
1498 "affixed to the end of <replaceable>BASE_DIR</replaceable> to form the new "
1499 "user's home directory name, if the <option>-d</option> option is not used "
1500 "when creating a new account."
1503 #: useradd.8.xml:505(para)
1505 "This option sets the <option>HOME</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
1506 "default/useradd</filename>."
1509 #: useradd.8.xml:517(para)
1510 msgid "The date on which the user account is disabled."
1513 #: useradd.8.xml:518(para)
1515 "This option sets the <option>EXPIRE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
1516 "default/useradd</filename>."
1519 #: useradd.8.xml:530(para)
1521 "The number of days after a password has expired before the account will be "
1525 #: useradd.8.xml:534(para)
1527 "This option sets the <option>INACTIVE</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
1528 "default/useradd</filename>."
1531 #: useradd.8.xml:546(para)
1533 "The group name or ID for a new user's initial group (when the <option>-N/--"
1534 "no-user-group</option> is used or when the <option>USERGROUPS_ENAB</option> "
1535 "variable is set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> in <filename>/etc/login."
1536 "defs</filename>. The named group must exist, and a numerical group ID must "
1537 "have an existing entry."
1540 #: useradd.8.xml:555(para)
1542 "This option sets the <option>GROUP</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
1543 "default/useradd</filename>."
1546 #: useradd.8.xml:567(para)
1547 msgid "The name of a new user's login shell."
1550 #: useradd.8.xml:570(para)
1552 "This option sets the <option>SHELL</option> variable in <filename>/etc/"
1553 "default/useradd</filename>."
1556 #: useradd.8.xml:582(title)
1560 #: useradd.8.xml:583(para)
1562 "The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files "
1563 "in the <filename>/etc/skel/</filename> directory (or any other skeleton "
1564 "directory specified in <filename>/etc/default/useradd</filename> or on the "
1568 #: useradd.8.xml:592(para)
1570 "You may not add a user to a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
1571 "corresponding server."
1574 #: useradd.8.xml:597(para)
1576 "Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such "
1577 "as NIS or LDAP, <command>useradd</command> will deny the user account "
1581 #: useradd.8.xml:603(para)
1583 "Usernames must begin with a lower case letter or an underscore, and only "
1584 "lower case letters, underscores, dashes, and dollar signs may follow. In "
1585 "regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
1588 #: useradd.8.xml:608(para)
1589 msgid "Usernames may only be up to 32 characters long."
1592 #: useradd.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term)
1594 msgid "<option>CREATE_HOME</option> (boolean)"
1595 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
1597 #: useradd.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para)
1599 "Indicate if a home directory should be created by default for new users."
1602 #: useradd.8.xml:36(para) login.defs.5.xml:36(para)
1604 "This setting does not apply to system users, and can be overriden on the "
1608 #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
1609 #: groupadd.8.xml:32(term)
1611 msgid "<option>GID_MAX</option> (number)"
1612 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
1614 #: useradd.8.xml:33(term) newusers.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term)
1615 #: groupadd.8.xml:33(term)
1617 msgid "<option>GID_MIN</option> (number)"
1618 msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
1620 #: useradd.8.xml:35(para) newusers.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para)
1621 #: groupadd.8.xml:35(para)
1623 "Range of group IDs used for the creation of regular groups by "
1624 "<command>useradd</command>, <command>useradd</command>, or "
1625 "<command>newusers</command>."
1628 #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term)
1629 #: newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
1631 msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option> (number)"
1632 msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS (numer)"
1634 #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para)
1635 #: newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
1637 "The maximum number of days a password may be used. If the password is older "
1638 "than this, a password change will be forced. If not specified, -1 will be "
1639 "assumed (which disables the restriction)."
1642 #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term)
1643 #: newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
1645 msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> (number)"
1646 msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (numer)"
1648 #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para)
1649 #: newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
1651 "The minimum number of days allowed between password changes. Any password "
1652 "changes attempted sooner than this will be rejected. If not specified, -1 "
1653 "will be assumed (which disables the restriction)."
1656 #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) pwconv.8.xml:32(term) pwck.8.xml:32(term)
1657 #: newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
1659 msgid "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> (number)"
1660 msgstr "PASS_WARN_AGE (numer)"
1662 #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) pwconv.8.xml:34(para) pwck.8.xml:34(para)
1663 #: newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
1665 "The number of days warning given before a password expires. A zero means "
1666 "warning is given only upon the day of expiration, a negative value means no "
1667 "warning is given. If not specified, no warning will be provided."
1670 #: useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term)
1671 #: groupadd.8.xml:30(term)
1673 msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> (number)"
1674 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
1676 #: useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term)
1677 #: groupadd.8.xml:31(term)
1679 msgid "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option> (number)"
1680 msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
1682 #: useradd.8.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para)
1683 #: groupadd.8.xml:33(para)
1685 "Range of group IDs used for the creation of system groups by "
1686 "<command>useradd</command>, <command>groupadd</command>, or "
1687 "<command>newusers</command>."
1690 #: useradd.8.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term)
1692 msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> (number)"
1693 msgstr "UID_MAX (numer)"
1695 #: useradd.8.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term)
1697 msgid "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option> (number)"
1698 msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
1700 #: useradd.8.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para)
1702 "Range of user IDs used for the creation of system users by <command>useradd</"
1703 "command> or <command>newusers</command>."
1706 #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
1708 msgid "<option>UID_MAX</option> (number)"
1709 msgstr "UID_MAX (numer)"
1711 #: useradd.8.xml:33(term) newusers.8.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term)
1713 msgid "<option>UID_MIN</option> (number)"
1714 msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
1716 #: useradd.8.xml:35(para) newusers.8.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para)
1718 "Range of user IDs used for the creation of regular users by "
1719 "<command>useradd</command> or <command>newusers</command>."
1722 #: useradd.8.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
1723 #: login.1.xml:32(term)
1725 msgid "<option>UMASK</option> (number)"
1726 msgstr "UMASK (number)"
1728 #: useradd.8.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
1729 #: login.1.xml:34(para)
1731 "The file mode creation mask is initialized to this value. If not specified, "
1732 "the mask will be initialized to 022."
1735 #: useradd.8.xml:38(para) newusers.8.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para)
1736 #: login.1.xml:38(para)
1738 "<command>useradd</command> and <command>newusers</command> use this mask to "
1739 "set the mode of the home directory they create"
1742 #: useradd.8.xml:42(para) newusers.8.xml:42(para) login.defs.5.xml:42(para)
1743 #: login.1.xml:42(para)
1745 "It is also used by <command>login</command> to define users' initial umask. "
1746 "Note that this mask can be overriden by the user's GECOS line (if "
1747 "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> is set) or by the specification of a limit with "
1748 "the <emphasis>K</emphasis> identifier in "
1749 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>limits</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
1753 #: useradd.8.xml:664(filename)
1754 msgid "/etc/default/useradd"
1755 msgstr "/etc/default/useradd"
1757 #: useradd.8.xml:666(para)
1758 msgid "Default values for account creation."
1761 #: useradd.8.xml:670(filename)
1765 #: useradd.8.xml:672(para)
1766 msgid "Directory containing default files."
1769 #: useradd.8.xml:708(replaceable) shadow.3.xml:35(manvolnum)
1770 #: pwck.8.xml:264(replaceable) passwd.1.xml:428(replaceable)
1771 #: grpck.8.xml:237(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:190(replaceable)
1772 #: groupadd.8.xml:256(replaceable)
1776 #: useradd.8.xml:710(para) passwd.1.xml:448(para) groupmod.8.xml:192(para)
1777 #: groupadd.8.xml:258(para)
1778 msgid "invalid argument to option"
1779 msgstr "nieprawidłowy argument opcji"
1781 #: useradd.8.xml:714(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:270(replaceable)
1782 #: passwd.1.xml:434(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:243(replaceable)
1783 #: groupmod.8.xml:196(replaceable) groupadd.8.xml:262(replaceable)
1787 #: useradd.8.xml:716(para)
1788 msgid "UID already in use (and no <option>-o</option>)"
1789 msgstr "UID juz jest używany (i nie uzyto opcji <option>-o</option>)"
1791 #: useradd.8.xml:722(para) groupmod.8.xml:198(para) groupmod.8.xml:204(para)
1792 #: groupdel.8.xml:125(para)
1793 msgid "specified group doesn't exist"
1796 #: useradd.8.xml:726(replaceable) groupmod.8.xml:208(replaceable)
1797 #: groupadd.8.xml:268(replaceable)
1801 #: useradd.8.xml:728(para)
1802 msgid "username already in use"
1805 #: useradd.8.xml:740(para)
1806 msgid "can't create home directory"
1809 #: useradd.8.xml:744(replaceable)
1813 #: useradd.8.xml:746(para)
1814 msgid "can't create mail spool"
1817 #: useradd.8.xml:686(para)
1819 "The <command>useradd</command> command exits with the following values: "
1822 "Polecenie <command>useradd</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
1823 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
1825 #: useradd.8.xml:755(para)
1827 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1828 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
1829 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1830 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1831 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
1832 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1833 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1834 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
1835 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1836 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1837 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
1838 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1839 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1840 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
1841 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1842 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1843 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
1845 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1846 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
1847 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1848 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
1849 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
1850 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1851 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1852 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
1853 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1854 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1855 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
1856 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1857 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1858 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
1859 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
1860 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
1861 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
1863 #: suauth.5.xml:34(refentrytitle) suauth.5.xml:39(refname)
1867 #: suauth.5.xml:35(manvolnum) shadow.5.xml:35(manvolnum)
1868 #: pwck.8.xml:276(replaceable) porttime.5.xml:35(manvolnum)
1869 #: passwd.5.xml:35(manvolnum) passwd.1.xml:440(replaceable)
1870 #: login.defs.5.xml:98(manvolnum) login.access.5.xml:36(manvolnum)
1871 #: limits.5.xml:36(manvolnum) gshadow.5.xml:34(manvolnum)
1872 #: grpck.8.xml:249(replaceable) faillog.5.xml:35(manvolnum)
1876 #: suauth.5.xml:36(refmiscinfo) shadow.5.xml:36(refmiscinfo)
1877 #: porttime.5.xml:36(refmiscinfo) passwd.5.xml:36(refmiscinfo)
1878 #: login.defs.5.xml:99(refmiscinfo) login.access.5.xml:37(refmiscinfo)
1879 #: limits.5.xml:37(refmiscinfo) gshadow.5.xml:35(refmiscinfo)
1880 #: faillog.5.xml:36(refmiscinfo)
1881 msgid "File Formats and Conversions"
1884 #: suauth.5.xml:40(refpurpose)
1885 msgid "detailed su control file"
1888 #: suauth.5.xml:45(command) suauth.5.xml:171(filename)
1890 msgstr "/etc/suauth"
1892 #: suauth.5.xml:51(para)
1894 "The file <filename>/etc/suauth</filename> is referenced whenever the su "
1895 "command is called. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:"
1899 #: suauth.5.xml:58(literallayout)
1903 " 1) the user su is targetting\n"
1908 #: suauth.5.xml:62(para)
1910 "2) the user executing the su command (or any groups he might be a member of)"
1913 #: suauth.5.xml:67(para)
1915 "The file is formatted like this, with lines starting with a # being treated "
1916 "as comment lines and ignored;"
1919 #: suauth.5.xml:72(literallayout)
1923 " to-id:from-id:ACTION\n"
1927 #: suauth.5.xml:76(para)
1929 "Where to-id is either the word <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>, a list of usernames "
1930 "delimited by \",\" or the words <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT</emphasis> followed by "
1931 "a list of usernames delimited by \",\""
1934 #: suauth.5.xml:82(para)
1936 "from-id is formatted the same as to-id except the extra word "
1937 "<emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> is recognised. <emphasis>ALL EXCEPT GROUP</"
1938 "emphasis> is perfectly valid too. Following <emphasis>GROUP</emphasis> "
1939 "appears one or more group names, delimited by \",\". It is not sufficient to "
1940 "have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in "
1941 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>/etc/group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
1942 "manvolnum></citerefentry> is neccessary."
1945 #: suauth.5.xml:93(para)
1946 msgid "Action can be one only of the following currently supported options."
1949 #: suauth.5.xml:99(emphasis)
1953 #: suauth.5.xml:102(para)
1954 msgid "The attempt to su is stopped before a password is even asked for."
1957 #: suauth.5.xml:109(emphasis)
1961 #: suauth.5.xml:112(para)
1963 "The attempt to su is automatically successful; no password is asked for."
1966 #: suauth.5.xml:120(emphasis)
1970 #: suauth.5.xml:123(para)
1972 "For the su command to be successful, the user must enter his or her own "
1973 "password. They are told this."
1976 #: suauth.5.xml:131(para)
1978 "Note there are three separate fields delimited by a colon. No whitespace "
1979 "must surround this colon. Also note that the file is examined sequentially "
1980 "line by line, and the first applicable rule is used without examining the "
1981 "file further. This makes it possible for a system administrator to exercise "
1982 "as fine control as he or she wishes."
1985 #: suauth.5.xml:141(title)
1989 #: suauth.5.xml:142(literallayout)
1993 " # sample /etc/suauth file\n"
1995 " # A couple of privileged usernames may\n"
1996 " # su to root with their own password.\n"
1998 " root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS\n"
2000 " # Anyone else may not su to root unless in\n"
2001 " # group wheel. This is how BSD does things.\n"
2003 " root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY\n"
2005 " # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts\n"
2006 " # owned by the same person.\n"
2007 " # Access can be arranged between them\n"
2008 " # with no password.\n"
2010 " terry:birddog:NOPASS\n"
2011 " birddog:terry:NOPASS\n"
2016 #: suauth.5.xml:178(title) pwconv.8.xml:135(title) login.defs.5.xml:455(title)
2020 #: suauth.5.xml:179(para)
2022 "There could be plenty lurking. The file parser is particularly unforgiving "
2023 "about syntax errors, expecting no spurious whitespace (apart from beginning "
2024 "and end of lines), and a specific token delimiting different things."
2027 #: suauth.5.xml:188(title) shadow.3.xml:183(title)
2029 msgstr "DIAGNOSTYKA"
2031 #: suauth.5.xml:189(para)
2033 "An error parsing the file is reported using "
2034 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslogd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2035 "manvolnum></citerefentry> as level ERR on facility AUTH."
2038 #: suauth.5.xml:198(para)
2040 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2043 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2046 #: su.1.xml:54(refentrytitle) su.1.xml:59(refname) su.1.xml:64(command)
2047 #: login.defs.5.xml:395(term)
2051 #: su.1.xml:56(refmiscinfo) sg.1.xml:40(refmiscinfo)
2052 #: passwd.1.xml:46(refmiscinfo) newgrp.1.xml:40(refmiscinfo)
2053 #: login.1.xml:72(refmiscinfo) groups.1.xml:36(refmiscinfo)
2054 #: gpasswd.1.xml:44(refmiscinfo) expiry.1.xml:43(refmiscinfo)
2055 #: chsh.1.xml:42(refmiscinfo) chfn.1.xml:43(refmiscinfo)
2056 #: chage.1.xml:36(refmiscinfo)
2057 msgid "User Commands"
2058 msgstr "Polecenia użytkowników"
2060 #: su.1.xml:60(refpurpose)
2061 msgid "change user ID or become superuser"
2064 #: su.1.xml:70(replaceable) login.1.xml:85(replaceable)
2065 #: login.1.xml:93(replaceable)
2069 #: su.1.xml:78(para)
2071 "The <command>su</command> command is used to become another user during a "
2072 "login session. Invoked without a <option>username</option>, <command>su</"
2073 "command> defaults to becoming the superuser. The optional argument <option>-"
2074 "</option> may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user "
2075 "would expect had the user logged in directly."
2078 #: su.1.xml:87(para)
2080 "Additional arguments may be provided after the username, in which case they "
2081 "are supplied to the user's login shell. In particular, an argument of "
2082 "<option>-c</option> will cause the next argument to be treated as a command "
2083 "by most command interpreters. The command will be executed by the shell "
2084 "specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> for the target user."
2087 #: su.1.xml:96(para)
2089 "You can use the <option>--</option> argument to separate <command>su</"
2090 "command> options from the arguments supplied to the shell."
2093 #: su.1.xml:101(para)
2095 "The user will be prompted for a password, if appropriate. Invalid passwords "
2096 "will produce an error message. All attempts, both valid and invalid, are "
2097 "logged to detect abuse of the system."
2100 #: su.1.xml:106(para)
2102 "The current environment is passed to the new shell. The value of <envar>"
2103 "$PATH</envar> is reset to <filename>/bin:/usr/bin</filename> for normal "
2104 "users, or <filename>/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</filename> for the "
2105 "superuser. This may be changed with the <emphasis>ENV_PATH</emphasis> and "
2106 "<emphasis>ENV_SUPATH</emphasis> definitions in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
2110 #: su.1.xml:115(para) login.1.xml:166(para)
2112 "A subsystem login is indicated by the presence of a \"*\" as the first "
2113 "character of the login shell. The given home directory will be used as the "
2114 "root of a new file system which the user is actually logged into."
2117 #: su.1.xml:124(para)
2118 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>su</command> command are:"
2119 msgstr "Polecenie <command>su</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
2121 #: su.1.xml:128(term)
2123 "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option><replaceable>COMMAND</"
2126 "<option>-c</option>, <option>--command</option><replaceable>POLECENIE</"
2129 #: su.1.xml:133(para)
2131 "Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its <option>-c</"
2135 #: su.1.xml:140(term)
2136 msgid "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
2137 msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
2139 #: su.1.xml:144(para)
2141 "Provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user "
2142 "logged in directly."
2145 #: su.1.xml:148(para)
2147 "When <option>-</option> is used, it must be specified as the last "
2148 "<command>su</command> option. The other forms (<option>-l</option> and "
2149 "<option>--login</option>) do not have this restriction."
2152 #: su.1.xml:162(para)
2153 msgid "The shell that will be invoked."
2156 #: su.1.xml:167(para)
2157 msgid "The shell specified with --shell."
2160 #: su.1.xml:170(para)
2162 "If <option>--preserve-environment</option> is used, the shell specified by "
2163 "the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable."
2166 #: su.1.xml:177(para)
2168 "The shell indicated in the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> entry for the "
2172 #: su.1.xml:183(para)
2174 "<filename>/bin/sh</filename> if a shell could not be found by any above "
2178 #: su.1.xml:163(para)
2180 "The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first): <placeholder-1/>"
2183 #: su.1.xml:190(para)
2185 "If the target user has a restricted shell (i.e. the shell field of this "
2186 "user's entry in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> is not listed in <filename>/"
2187 "etc/shell</filename>), then the <option>--shell</option> option or the "
2188 "<envar>$SHELL</envar> environment variable won't be taken into account, "
2189 "unless <command>su</command> is called by root."
2192 #: su.1.xml:201(term)
2194 "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
2197 "<option>-m</option>, <option>-p</option>, <option>--preserve-environment</"
2200 #: su.1.xml:206(para)
2201 msgid "Preserve the current environment."
2204 #: su.1.xml:207(para)
2206 "If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless "
2207 "<command>su</command> is called by root)."
2210 #: su.1.xml:218(para)
2212 "This version of <command>su</command> has many compilation options, only "
2213 "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
2216 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2218 msgid "<option>CONSOLE</option> (string)"
2219 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
2221 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2223 "If defined, either full pathname of a file containing device names or a \":"
2224 "\" delimited list of device names. Root logins will be allowed only upon "
2228 #: su.1.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para)
2229 msgid "If not defined, root will be allowed on any device."
2232 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2234 msgid "<option>CONSOLE_GROUPS</option> (string)"
2235 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
2237 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2239 "List of groups to add to the user's supplementary groups set when logging in "
2240 "on the console (as determined by the CONSOLE setting). Default is none. "
2241 "<placeholder-1/> Use with caution - it is possible for users to gain "
2242 "permanent access to these groups, even when not logged in on the console."
2245 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2247 msgid "<option>DEFAULT_HOME</option> (boolean)"
2248 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
2250 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2252 "Indicate if login is allowed if we can't cd to the home directory. Default "
2256 #: su.1.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para)
2258 "If set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user will login in the root "
2259 "(<filename>/</filename>) directory if it is not possible to cd to her home "
2263 #. XXX: When compiled with PAM support, only sulogin uses ENV_HZ
2264 #: su.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term) login.1.xml:33(term)
2266 msgid "<option>ENV_HZ</option> (string)"
2267 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
2269 #: su.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para) login.1.xml:35(para)
2271 "If set, it will be used to define the HZ environment variable when a user "
2272 "login. The value must be preceded by <replaceable>HZ=</replaceable>. A "
2273 "common value on Linux is <replaceable>HZ=100</replaceable>."
2276 #: su.1.xml:41(para) login.defs.5.xml:41(para) login.1.xml:41(para)
2278 "The <envar>HZ</envar> environment variable is only set when the user (the "
2279 "superuser) logs in with <command>sulogin</command>."
2282 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2284 msgid "<option>ENVIRON_FILE</option> (string)"
2285 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
2287 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2289 "If this file exists and is readable, login environment will be read from it. "
2290 "Every line should be in the form name=value."
2293 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2295 msgid "<option>ENV_PATH</option> (string)"
2296 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
2298 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2300 "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when a "
2301 "regular user login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
2302 "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example <replaceable>/"
2303 "bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default value is <replaceable>PATH=/bin:/"
2304 "usr/bin</replaceable>."
2307 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2309 msgid "<option>ENV_SUPATH</option> (string)"
2310 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
2312 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2314 "If set, it will be used to define the PATH environment variable when the "
2315 "superuser login. The value can be preceded by <replaceable>PATH=</"
2316 "replaceable>, or a colon separated list of paths (for example <replaceable>/"
2317 "sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin</replaceable>). The default value is "
2318 "<replaceable>PATH=/bin:/usr/bin</replaceable>."
2321 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2323 msgid "<option>ENV_TZ</option> (string)"
2324 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
2326 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2328 "If set, it will be used to define the TZ environment variable when a user "
2329 "login. The value can be the name of a timezone preceded by <replaceable>TZ=</"
2330 "replaceable> (for example <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>), or the "
2331 "full path to the file containing the timezone specification (for example "
2332 "<filename>/etc/tzname</filename>)."
2335 #. TODO: it can in fact be used to set any other variable
2336 #: su.1.xml:43(para) login.defs.5.xml:43(para) login.1.xml:43(para)
2338 "If a full path is specified but the file does not exist or cannot be read, "
2339 "the default is to use <replaceable>TZ=CST6CDT</replaceable>."
2342 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2343 #: chsh.1.xml:32(term) chfn.1.xml:32(term)
2345 msgid "<option>LOGIN_STRING</option> (string)"
2346 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
2348 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2349 #: chsh.1.xml:34(para) chfn.1.xml:34(para)
2351 "The string used for prompting a password. The default is to use \"Password: "
2352 "\", or a translation of that string. If you set this variable, the prompt "
2353 "will no be translated."
2356 #: su.1.xml:39(para) login.defs.5.xml:39(para) login.1.xml:39(para)
2357 #: chsh.1.xml:39(para) chfn.1.xml:39(para)
2359 "If the string contains <replaceable>%s</replaceable>, this will be replaced "
2360 "by the user's name."
2363 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2365 msgid "<option>MAIL_CHECK_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
2366 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
2368 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2369 msgid "Enable checking and display of mailbox status upon login."
2372 #: su.1.xml:37(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) login.1.xml:37(para)
2374 "You should disable it if the shell startup files already check for mail "
2375 "(\"mailx -e\" or equivalent)."
2378 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
2380 msgid "<option>QUOTAS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
2381 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
2383 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
2384 msgid "Enable setting of ulimit, umask, and niceness from passwd gecos field."
2387 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
2389 msgid "<option>SULOG_FILE</option> (string)"
2390 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
2392 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
2393 msgid "If defined, all su activity is logged to this file."
2396 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
2398 msgid "<option>SU_NAME</option> (string)"
2399 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
2401 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
2403 "If defined, the command name to display when running \"su -\". For example, "
2404 "if this is defined as \"su\" then a \"ps\" will display the command is \"-su"
2405 "\". If not defined, then \"ps\" would display the name of the shell actually "
2406 "being run, e.g. something like \"-sh\"."
2409 #: su.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term)
2411 msgid "<option>SU_WHEEL_ONLY</option> (boolean)"
2412 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
2414 #: su.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para)
2416 "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the user must be listed as a member of "
2417 "the first gid 0 group in <filename>/etc/group</filename> (called "
2418 "<replaceable>root</replaceable> on most Linux systems) to be able to "
2419 "<command>su</command> to uid 0 accounts. If the group doesn't exist or is "
2420 "empty, no one will be able to <command>su</command> to uid 0."
2423 #: su.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
2425 msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SU_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
2426 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
2428 #: su.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
2430 "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>su</command> activity - in addition to "
2431 "sulog file logging."
2434 #: su.1.xml:272(para)
2436 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2437 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
2438 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2439 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2440 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2441 "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
2443 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2444 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
2445 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2446 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2447 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2448 "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
2450 #: sg.1.xml:38(refentrytitle) sg.1.xml:43(refname) sg.1.xml:49(command)
2454 #: sg.1.xml:44(refpurpose)
2455 msgid "execute command as different group ID"
2458 #: sg.1.xml:50(arg) newgrp.1.xml:49(arg)
2462 #: sg.1.xml:52(arg) expiry.1.xml:53(arg)
2467 msgid "group <placeholder-1/> command"
2470 #: sg.1.xml:60(para)
2472 "The <command>sg</command> command works similar to <command>newgrp</command> "
2473 "but accepts a command. The command will be executed with the <filename>/bin/"
2474 "sh</filename> shell. With most shells you may run <command>sg</command> "
2475 "from, you need to enclose multi-word commands in quotes. Another difference "
2476 "between <command>newgrp</command> and <command>sg</command> is that some "
2477 "shells treat <command>newgrp</command> specially, replacing themselves with "
2478 "a new instance of a shell that <command>newgrp</command> creates. This "
2479 "doesn't happen with <command>sg</command>, so upon exit from a <command>sg</"
2480 "command> command you are returned to your previous group ID."
2483 #: sg.1.xml:32(term) newgrp.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
2485 msgid "<option>SYSLOG_SG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
2486 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
2488 #: sg.1.xml:34(para) newgrp.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
2489 msgid "Enable \"syslog\" logging of <command>sg</command> activity."
2492 #: sg.1.xml:119(para)
2495 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2496 #| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
2497 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2498 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2499 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
2500 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2501 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2502 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
2503 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2504 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
2505 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
2507 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2508 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
2509 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2510 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2511 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2512 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
2513 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2514 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
2515 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
2516 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
2518 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2519 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
2520 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2521 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2522 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2523 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
2524 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2525 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
2526 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
2527 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
2529 #: shadow.5.xml:34(refentrytitle) shadow.5.xml:39(refname)
2530 #: shadow.3.xml:34(refentrytitle) shadow.3.xml:39(refname)
2531 #: pwck.8.xml:60(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:74(replaceable)
2532 #: grpck.8.xml:53(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:62(replaceable)
2536 #: shadow.5.xml:40(refpurpose)
2537 msgid "encrypted password file"
2540 #: shadow.5.xml:45(para)
2542 "<filename>shadow</filename> is a file which contains the password "
2543 "information for the system's accounts and optional aging information."
2546 #: shadow.5.xml:51(para) gshadow.5.xml:82(para)
2548 "This file must not be readable by regular users if password security is to "
2552 #: shadow.5.xml:56(para)
2554 "Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (<quote>:</"
2555 "quote>), in the following order:"
2558 #: shadow.5.xml:63(emphasis) passwd.5.xml:53(para)
2562 #: shadow.5.xml:65(para)
2563 msgid "It must be a valid account name, which exist on the system."
2566 #: shadow.5.xml:71(emphasis) gshadow.5.xml:54(para)
2567 msgid "encrypted password"
2570 #: shadow.5.xml:73(para)
2572 "Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
2573 "manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how this string is interpreted."
2576 #: shadow.5.xml:78(para)
2579 "If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of "
2580 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
2581 "citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix "
2582 "password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)."
2584 "Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
2585 "jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
2586 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
2588 #: shadow.5.xml:85(para)
2590 "This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to "
2591 "authenticate as the specified login name. However, some applications which "
2592 "read the <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> file may decide not to permit any "
2593 "access at all if the password field is empty."
2596 #: shadow.5.xml:92(para)
2598 "A password field which starts with a exclamation mark means that the "
2599 "password is locked. The remaining characters on the line represent the "
2600 "password field before the password was locked."
2603 #: shadow.5.xml:102(emphasis)
2604 msgid "date of last password change"
2607 #: shadow.5.xml:105(para)
2609 "The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since "
2613 #: shadow.5.xml:109(para)
2615 "The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her "
2616 "pasword the next time she will log in the system."
2619 #: shadow.5.xml:114(para)
2620 msgid "An empty field means that password aging features are disabled."
2623 #: shadow.5.xml:121(emphasis)
2624 msgid "minimum password age"
2627 #: shadow.5.xml:123(para)
2629 "The minimum password age is the number of days the user will have to wait "
2630 "before she will be allowed to change her password again."
2633 #: shadow.5.xml:128(para)
2634 msgid "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no minimum password age."
2637 #: shadow.5.xml:135(emphasis)
2638 msgid "maximum password age"
2641 #: shadow.5.xml:137(para)
2643 "The maximum password age is the number of days after which the user will "
2644 "have to change her password."
2647 #: shadow.5.xml:141(para)
2649 "After this number of days is elapsed, the password may still be valid. The "
2650 "user should be asked to change her password the next time she will log in."
2653 #: shadow.5.xml:146(para)
2655 "An empty field means that there are no maximum password age, no password "
2656 "warning period, and no password inactivity period (see below)."
2659 #: shadow.5.xml:151(para)
2661 "If the maximum password age is lower than the minimum password age, the user "
2662 "cannot change her password."
2665 #: shadow.5.xml:159(emphasis)
2666 msgid "password warning period"
2669 #: shadow.5.xml:162(para)
2671 "The number of days before a password is going to expire (see the maximum "
2672 "password age above) during which the user should be warned."
2675 #: shadow.5.xml:167(para)
2677 "An empty field and value 0 mean that there are no password warning period."
2680 #: shadow.5.xml:175(emphasis)
2681 msgid "password inactivity period"
2684 #: shadow.5.xml:178(para)
2686 "The number of days after a password has expired (see the maximum password "
2687 "age above) during which the password should still be accepted (and the user "
2688 "should update her password during the next login)."
2691 #: shadow.5.xml:184(para)
2693 "After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no "
2694 "login is possible using the current user's password. The user should contact "
2695 "her administrator."
2698 #: shadow.5.xml:189(para)
2700 "An empty field means that there are no enforcement of an inactivity period."
2703 #: shadow.5.xml:197(emphasis)
2705 #| msgid "User account information."
2706 msgid "account expiration date"
2707 msgstr "Informacja o kontach użytkowników."
2709 #: shadow.5.xml:200(para)
2711 "The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since "
2715 #: shadow.5.xml:204(para)
2717 "Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration. In case "
2718 "of an acount expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login. In case of "
2719 "a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password."
2722 #: shadow.5.xml:210(para)
2723 msgid "An empty field means that the account will never expire."
2726 #: shadow.5.xml:213(para)
2728 "The value 0 should not be used as it is interpreted as either an account "
2729 "with no expiration, or as an expiration on Jan 1, 1970."
2732 #: shadow.5.xml:221(emphasis)
2733 msgid "reserved field"
2736 #: shadow.5.xml:223(para)
2737 msgid "This field is reserved for future use."
2740 #: shadow.5.xml:249(para)
2743 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2744 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
2745 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2746 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
2747 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
2748 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2749 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2750 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
2751 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2752 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2753 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
2754 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2755 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2756 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
2758 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2759 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
2760 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2761 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2762 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
2763 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2764 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
2765 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
2766 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2767 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2768 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
2769 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2770 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2771 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
2773 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2774 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
2775 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2776 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
2777 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
2778 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2779 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2780 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
2781 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2782 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2783 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
2784 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
2785 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
2786 "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
2788 #: shadow.3.xml:36(refmiscinfo)
2789 msgid "Library Calls"
2792 #: shadow.3.xml:40(refname)
2796 #: shadow.3.xml:41(refpurpose)
2797 msgid "encrypted password file routines"
2800 #: shadow.3.xml:45(title)
2804 #: shadow.3.xml:47(emphasis)
2805 msgid "#include <shadow.h>"
2806 msgstr "#include <shadow.h>"
2808 #: shadow.3.xml:51(emphasis)
2809 msgid "struct spwd *getspent();"
2810 msgstr "struct spwd *getspent();"
2812 #: shadow.3.xml:55(emphasis)
2813 msgid "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
2814 msgstr "struct spwd *getspnam(char"
2816 #: shadow.3.xml:56(emphasis)
2820 #: shadow.3.xml:56(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:69(emphasis)
2821 #: shadow.3.xml:74(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:80(emphasis)
2825 #: shadow.3.xml:60(emphasis)
2826 msgid "void setspent();"
2827 msgstr "void setspent()"
2829 #: shadow.3.xml:64(emphasis)
2830 msgid "void endspent();"
2831 msgstr "void endspent();"
2833 #: shadow.3.xml:68(emphasis)
2834 msgid "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
2835 msgstr "struct spwd *fgetspent(FILE"
2837 #: shadow.3.xml:69(emphasis) shadow.3.xml:80(emphasis)
2841 #: shadow.3.xml:73(emphasis)
2842 msgid "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
2843 msgstr "struct spwd *sgetspent(char"
2845 #: shadow.3.xml:74(emphasis)
2849 #: shadow.3.xml:78(emphasis)
2850 msgid "int putspent(struct spwd"
2851 msgstr "int putspent(struct spwd"
2853 #: shadow.3.xml:79(emphasis)
2857 #: shadow.3.xml:79(emphasis)
2861 #: shadow.3.xml:84(emphasis)
2862 msgid "int lckpwdf();"
2863 msgstr "int lckpwdf();"
2865 #: shadow.3.xml:88(emphasis)
2866 msgid "int ulckpwdf();"
2867 msgstr "int ulckpwdf();"
2869 #: shadow.3.xml:94(para)
2871 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> manipulates the contents of the "
2872 "shadow password file, <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The structure in the "
2873 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">#include</emphasis> file is:"
2876 #: shadow.3.xml:99(programlisting)
2880 " char\t\t*sp_namp; /* user login name */\n"
2881 " char\t\t*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */\n"
2882 " long int\t\tsp_lstchg; /* last password change */\n"
2883 " long int\t\tsp_min; /* days until change allowed. */\n"
2884 " long int\t\tsp_max; /* days before change required */\n"
2885 " long int\t\tsp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */\n"
2886 " long int\t\tsp_inact; /* days before account inactive */\n"
2887 " long int\t\tsp_expire; /* date when account expires */\n"
2888 " unsigned long int\tsp_flag; /* reserved for future use */\n"
2893 #: shadow.3.xml:111(para)
2894 msgid "The meanings of each field are:"
2897 #: shadow.3.xml:114(para)
2898 msgid "sp_namp - pointer to null-terminated user name"
2901 #: shadow.3.xml:117(para)
2902 msgid "sp_pwdp - pointer to null-terminated password"
2905 #: shadow.3.xml:120(para)
2906 msgid "sp_lstchg - days since Jan 1, 1970 password was last changed"
2909 #: shadow.3.xml:123(para)
2910 msgid "sp_min - days before which password may not be changed"
2913 #: shadow.3.xml:126(para)
2914 msgid "sp_max - days after which password must be changed"
2917 #: shadow.3.xml:129(para)
2919 "sp_warn - days before password is to expire that user is warned of pending "
2920 "password expiration"
2923 #: shadow.3.xml:134(para)
2925 "sp_inact - days after password expires that account is considered inactive "
2929 #: shadow.3.xml:139(para)
2930 msgid "sp_expire - days since Jan 1, 1970 when account will be disabled"
2933 #: shadow.3.xml:142(para)
2934 msgid "sp_flag - reserved for future use"
2937 #: shadow.3.xml:150(para)
2939 "<emphasis>getspent</emphasis>, <emphasis>getspname</emphasis>, "
2940 "<emphasis>fgetspent</emphasis>, and <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> each "
2941 "return a pointer to a <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis>. <emphasis>getspent</"
2942 "emphasis> returns the next entry from the file, and <emphasis>fgetspent</"
2943 "emphasis> returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to "
2944 "be a file of the proper format. <emphasis>sgetspent</emphasis> returns a "
2945 "pointer to a <emphasis>struct spwd</emphasis> using the provided string as "
2946 "input. <emphasis>getspnam</emphasis> searches from the current position in "
2947 "the file for an entry matching <emphasis>name</emphasis>."
2950 #: shadow.3.xml:163(para)
2952 "<emphasis>setspent</emphasis> and <emphasis>endspent</emphasis> may be used "
2953 "to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file."
2956 #: shadow.3.xml:169(para)
2958 "The <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> and <emphasis>ulckpwdf</emphasis> routines "
2959 "should be used to insure exclusive access to the <filename>/etc/shadow</"
2960 "filename> file. <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> attempts to acquire a lock "
2961 "using <emphasis>pw_lock</emphasis> for up to 15 seconds. It continues by "
2962 "attempting to acquire a second lock using <emphasis>spw_lock</emphasis> for "
2963 "the remainder of the initial 15 seconds. Should either attempt fail after a "
2964 "total of 15 seconds, <emphasis>lckpwdf</emphasis> returns -1. When both "
2965 "locks are acquired 0 is returned."
2968 #: shadow.3.xml:184(para)
2970 "Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs "
2971 "during processing. Routines which have <emphasis>int</emphasis> as the "
2972 "return value return 0 for success and -1 for failure."
2975 #: shadow.3.xml:194(para)
2977 "These routines may only be used by the superuser as access to the shadow "
2978 "password file is restricted."
2981 #: shadow.3.xml:214(para)
2983 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
2984 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
2985 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
2987 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
2988 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
2989 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
2991 #: pwconv.8.xml:42(refentrytitle) pwconv.8.xml:47(refname)
2992 #: pwconv.8.xml:56(command) login.defs.5.xml:388(term)
2996 #: pwconv.8.xml:48(refname) pwconv.8.xml:59(command)
3000 #: pwconv.8.xml:49(refname) pwconv.8.xml:62(command)
3001 #: login.defs.5.xml:302(term)
3005 #: pwconv.8.xml:50(refname) pwconv.8.xml:65(command)
3006 #: login.defs.5.xml:308(term)
3010 #: pwconv.8.xml:51(refpurpose)
3011 msgid "convert to and from shadow passwords and groups"
3014 #: pwconv.8.xml:71(para)
3016 "The <command>pwconv</command> command creates <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
3017 "emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> and an optionally "
3018 "existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis>."
3021 #: pwconv.8.xml:77(para)
3023 "The <command>pwunconv</command> command creates <emphasis remap=\"I"
3024 "\">passwd</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> and "
3025 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis remap=\"I"
3026 "\">shadow</emphasis>."
3029 #: pwconv.8.xml:84(para)
3031 "The <command>grpconv</command> command creates <emphasis remap=\"I"
3032 "\">gshadow</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> and an "
3033 "optionally existing <emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis>."
3036 #: pwconv.8.xml:90(para)
3038 "The <command>grpunconv</command> command creates <emphasis remap=\"I"
3039 "\">group</emphasis> from <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis> and "
3040 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">gshadow</emphasis> and then removes <emphasis remap=\"I"
3041 "\">gshadow</emphasis>."
3044 #: pwconv.8.xml:97(para)
3046 "These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group "
3047 "files: <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>, <filename>/etc/group</filename>, "
3048 "<filename>/etc/shadow</filename>, and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>."
3051 #: pwconv.8.xml:104(para)
3053 "Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion. "
3054 "<command>pwconv</command> and <command>grpconv</command> are similar. First, "
3055 "entries in the shadowed file which don't exist in the main file are removed. "
3056 "Then, shadowed entries which don't have `x' as the password in the main file "
3057 "are updated. Any missing shadowed entries are added. Finally, passwords in "
3058 "the main file are replaced with `x'. These programs can be used for initial "
3059 "conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by "
3063 #: pwconv.8.xml:115(para)
3065 "<command>pwconv</command> will use the values of <emphasis remap=\"I"
3066 "\">PASS_MIN_DAYS</emphasis>, <emphasis remap=\"I\">PASS_MAX_DAYS</emphasis>, "
3067 "and <emphasis remap=\"I\">PASS_WARN_AGE</emphasis> from <filename>/etc/login."
3068 "defs</filename> when adding new entries to <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>."
3071 #: pwconv.8.xml:124(para)
3073 "Likewise <command>pwunconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</command> are "
3074 "similar. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file. "
3075 "Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left "
3076 "alone. Finally, the shadowed file is removed. Some password aging "
3077 "information is lost by <command>pwunconv</command>. It will convert what it "
3081 #: pwconv.8.xml:136(para)
3083 "Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) "
3084 "may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways. "
3085 "Please run <command>pwck</command> and <command>grpck</command> to correct "
3086 "any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups."
3089 #: pwconv.8.xml:147(para)
3091 "The following configuration variable in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> "
3092 "changes the behavior of <command>grpconv</command> and <command>grpunconv</"
3096 #: pwconv.8.xml:155(para)
3098 "The following configuration variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</"
3099 "filename> change the behavior of <command>pwconv</command>:"
3102 #: pwconv.8.xml:181(para)
3104 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
3105 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
3106 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3107 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
3110 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
3111 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
3112 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3113 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
3116 #: pwck.8.xml:40(refentrytitle) pwck.8.xml:45(refname) pwck.8.xml:51(command)
3117 #: pwck.8.xml:66(command) login.defs.5.xml:380(term)
3121 #: pwck.8.xml:46(refpurpose)
3122 msgid "verify integrity of password files"
3125 #: pwck.8.xml:52(arg) pwck.8.xml:67(arg) pwck.8.xml:140(option)
3129 #: pwck.8.xml:53(arg) pwck.8.xml:161(option) grpck.8.xml:58(arg)
3130 #: grpck.8.xml:130(option)
3134 #: pwck.8.xml:56(replaceable) pwck.8.xml:71(replaceable)
3135 #: passwd.5.xml:34(refentrytitle) passwd.5.xml:39(refname)
3136 #: passwd.1.xml:44(refentrytitle) passwd.1.xml:49(refname)
3137 #: passwd.1.xml:55(command) login.defs.5.xml:369(term)
3141 #: pwck.8.xml:68(arg) pwck.8.xml:151(option) login.1.xml:222(option)
3142 #: grpck.8.xml:49(arg) grpck.8.xml:120(option)
3146 #: pwck.8.xml:82(para)
3148 "The <command>pwck</command> command verifies the integrity of the system "
3149 "authentication information. All entries in the <filename>/etc/passwd</"
3150 "filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> are checked to see that the "
3151 "entry has the proper format and valid data in each field. The user is "
3152 "prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other "
3153 "uncorrectable errors."
3156 #: pwck.8.xml:91(para) grpck.8.xml:80(para)
3157 msgid "Checks are made to verify that each entry has:"
3160 #: pwck.8.xml:94(para) grpck.8.xml:84(para)
3161 msgid "the correct number of fields"
3164 #: pwck.8.xml:97(para)
3165 msgid "a unique user name"
3168 #: pwck.8.xml:100(para)
3169 msgid "a valid user and group identifier"
3172 #: pwck.8.xml:103(para)
3173 msgid "a valid primary group"
3176 #: pwck.8.xml:106(para)
3177 msgid "a valid home directory"
3180 #: pwck.8.xml:109(para)
3181 msgid "a valid login shell"
3184 #: pwck.8.xml:113(para)
3186 "The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal. If "
3187 "the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
3188 "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
3189 "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated user name is "
3190 "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
3191 "other errors are warning and the user is encouraged to run the "
3192 "<command>usermod</command> command to correct the error."
3195 #: pwck.8.xml:124(para)
3197 "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file are "
3198 "not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>pwck</command> "
3199 "should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry."
3202 #: pwck.8.xml:134(para)
3203 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
3204 msgstr "Polecenie <command>pwck</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
3206 #: pwck.8.xml:143(para)
3208 "Report errors only. The warnings which do not require any action from the "
3209 "user won't be displayed."
3212 #: pwck.8.xml:154(para)
3213 msgid "Execute the <command>pwck</command> command in read-only mode."
3216 #: pwck.8.xml:164(para)
3218 "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</"
3222 #: pwck.8.xml:172(para)
3224 "By default, <command>pwck</command> operates on the files <filename>/etc/"
3225 "passwd</filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename>. The user may select "
3226 "alternate files with the <emphasis remap=\"I\">passwd</emphasis> and "
3227 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</emphasis> parameters."
3230 #: pwck.8.xml:221(para)
3233 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3234 #| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
3235 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3236 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
3237 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
3238 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3239 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
3240 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
3242 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
3243 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
3244 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3245 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
3246 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
3247 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3248 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
3249 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
3251 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3252 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
3253 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3254 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
3255 "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
3256 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3257 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
3260 #: pwck.8.xml:260(para)
3261 msgid "one or more bad password entries"
3264 #: pwck.8.xml:266(para)
3265 msgid "can't open password files"
3268 #: pwck.8.xml:272(para)
3269 msgid "can't lock password files"
3272 #: pwck.8.xml:278(para)
3273 msgid "can't update password files"
3276 #: pwck.8.xml:284(para)
3278 #| msgid "can't update password file"
3279 msgid "can't sort password files"
3280 msgstr "nie można zaktualizować pliku z hasłami"
3282 #: pwck.8.xml:242(para)
3284 "The <command>pwck</command> command exits with the following values: "
3287 "Polecenie <command>pwck</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
3288 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
3290 #: porttime.5.xml:34(refentrytitle) porttime.5.xml:39(refname)
3294 #: porttime.5.xml:40(refpurpose)
3295 msgid "port access time file"
3298 #: porttime.5.xml:45(para)
3300 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">porttime</emphasis> contains a list of tty devices, "
3301 "user names, and permitted login times."
3304 #: porttime.5.xml:50(para)
3306 "Each entry consists of three colon separated fields. The first field is a "
3307 "comma separated list of tty devices, or an asterisk to indicate that all tty "
3308 "devices are matched by this entry. The second field is a comma separated "
3309 "list of user names, or an asterisk to indicated that all user names are "
3310 "matched by this entry. The third field is a comma separated list of "
3311 "permitted access times."
3314 #: porttime.5.xml:59(para)
3316 "Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, "
3317 "abbreviated <emphasis>Su</emphasis>, <emphasis>Mo</emphasis>, <emphasis>Tu</"
3318 "emphasis>, <emphasis>We</emphasis>, <emphasis>Th</emphasis>, <emphasis>Fr</"
3319 "emphasis>, and <emphasis>Sa</emphasis>, followed by a pair of times "
3320 "separated by a hyphen. The abbreviation <emphasis>Wk</emphasis> may be used "
3321 "to represent Monday thru Friday, and <emphasis>Al</emphasis> may be used to "
3322 "indicate every day. If no days are given, <emphasis>Al</emphasis> is assumed."
3325 #: porttime.5.xml:73(title)
3329 #: porttime.5.xml:74(para)
3331 "The following entry allows access to user <emphasis remap=\"B\">jfh</"
3332 "emphasis> on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm."
3335 #: porttime.5.xml:80(para)
3336 msgid "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
3337 msgstr "*:jfh:Wk0900-1700"
3339 #: porttime.5.xml:82(para)
3341 "The following entries allow access only to the users <emphasis>root</"
3342 "emphasis> and <emphasis>oper</emphasis> on <filename>/dev/console</filename> "
3343 "at any time. This illustrates how the <filename>/etc/porttime</filename> "
3344 "file is an ordered list of access times. Any other user would match the "
3345 "second entry which does not permit access at any time."
3348 #: porttime.5.xml:91(programlisting)
3352 " console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
3357 " console:root,oper:Al0000-2400\n"
3361 #: porttime.5.xml:96(para)
3363 "The following entry allows access for the user <emphasis>games</emphasis> on "
3364 "any port during non-working hours."
3367 #: porttime.5.xml:101(para)
3368 msgid "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
3369 msgstr "*:games:Wk1700-0900,SaSu0000-2400"
3371 #: porttime.5.xml:108(filename) logoutd.8.xml:67(filename)
3372 msgid "/etc/porttime"
3373 msgstr "/etc/porttime"
3375 #: porttime.5.xml:110(para) logoutd.8.xml:69(para)
3376 msgid "File containing port access."
3379 #: porttime.5.xml:118(para) login.access.5.xml:109(para)
3381 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3384 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3387 #: passwd.5.xml:40(refpurpose)
3388 msgid "the password file"
3391 #: passwd.5.xml:45(para)
3393 "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> contains one line for each user account, "
3394 "with seven fields delimited by colons (<quote>:</quote>). These fields are:"
3397 #: passwd.5.xml:56(para)
3398 msgid "optional encrypted password"
3401 #: passwd.5.xml:59(para)
3402 msgid "numerical user ID"
3405 #: passwd.5.xml:62(para)
3406 msgid "numerical group ID"
3409 #: passwd.5.xml:65(para)
3410 msgid "user name or comment field"
3413 #: passwd.5.xml:68(para)
3414 msgid "user home directory"
3417 #: passwd.5.xml:71(para)
3418 msgid "optional user command interpreter"
3421 #: passwd.5.xml:75(para)
3423 "The encrypted password field may be blank, in which case no password is "
3424 "required to authenticate as the specified login name. However, some "
3425 "applications which read the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may decide "
3426 "not to permit <emphasis>any</emphasis> access at all if the "
3427 "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is blank. If the <emphasis>password</"
3428 "emphasis> field is a lower-case <quote>x</quote>, then the encrypted "
3429 "password is actually stored in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
3430 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> file instead; there "
3431 "<emphasis>must</emphasis> be a corresponding line in the <filename>/etc/"
3432 "shadow</filename> file, or else the user account is invalid. If the "
3433 "<emphasis>password</emphasis> field is any other string, then it will be "
3434 "treated as an encrypted password, as specified by "
3435 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
3439 #: passwd.5.xml:94(para)
3441 "The comment field is used by various system utilities, such as "
3442 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3446 #: passwd.5.xml:100(para)
3448 "The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory. "
3449 "The <command>login</command> program uses this information to set the value "
3450 "of the <envar>$HOME</envar> environmental variable."
3453 #: passwd.5.xml:106(para)
3455 "The command interpreter field provides the name of the user's command "
3456 "language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute. The "
3457 "<command>login</command> program uses this information to set the value of "
3458 "the <envar>$SHELL</envar> environmental variable. If this field is empty, it "
3459 "defaults to the value <filename>/bin/sh</filename>."
3462 #: passwd.5.xml:127(para)
3463 msgid "optional encrypted password file"
3466 #: passwd.5.xml:135(para)
3469 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
3470 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
3471 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3472 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
3473 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
3474 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3475 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
3476 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
3477 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3478 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
3479 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
3480 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3481 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
3482 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
3483 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3484 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
3485 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
3487 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
3488 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</"
3489 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3490 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
3491 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
3492 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3493 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3494 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</"
3495 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3496 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
3497 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</"
3498 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3499 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
3500 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
3501 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
3502 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
3504 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3505 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
3506 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3507 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
3508 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
3509 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3510 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
3511 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
3512 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3513 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
3514 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
3515 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3516 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
3517 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
3518 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
3519 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
3520 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
3522 #: passwd.1.xml:50(refpurpose)
3523 msgid "change user password"
3524 msgstr "zmiana hasła użytkownika"
3526 #: passwd.1.xml:67(para)
3528 "The <command>passwd</command> command changes passwords for user accounts. A "
3529 "normal user may only change the password for his/her own account, while the "
3530 "superuser may change the password for any account. <command>passwd</command> "
3531 "also changes the account or associated password validity period."
3534 #: passwd.1.xml:76(title)
3535 msgid "Password Changes"
3538 #: passwd.1.xml:77(para)
3540 "The user is first prompted for his/her old password, if one is present. This "
3541 "password is then encrypted and compared against the stored password. The "
3542 "user has only one chance to enter the correct password. The superuser is "
3543 "permitted to bypass this step so that forgotten passwords may be changed."
3546 #: passwd.1.xml:85(para)
3548 "After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked "
3549 "to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time. If not, "
3550 "<command>passwd</command> refuses to change the password and exits."
3553 #: passwd.1.xml:92(para)
3555 "The user is then prompted twice for a replacement password. The second entry "
3556 "is compared against the first and both are required to match in order for "
3557 "the password to be changed."
3560 #: passwd.1.xml:98(para)
3562 "Then, the password is tested for complexity. As a general guideline, "
3563 "passwords should consist of 6 to 8 characters including one or more "
3564 "characters from each of the following sets:"
3567 #: passwd.1.xml:106(para)
3568 msgid "lower case alphabetics"
3571 #: passwd.1.xml:109(para)
3572 msgid "digits 0 thru 9"
3575 #: passwd.1.xml:112(para)
3576 msgid "punctuation marks"
3579 #: passwd.1.xml:116(para)
3581 "Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill "
3582 "characters. <command>passwd</command> will reject any password which is not "
3586 #: passwd.1.xml:125(title)
3587 msgid "Hints for user passwords"
3590 #: passwd.1.xml:126(para)
3592 "The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption "
3593 "algorithm and the size of the key space. The legacy <emphasis>UNIX</"
3594 "emphasis> System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm. More "
3595 "recent methods are now recommended (see <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>). "
3596 "The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which "
3600 #: passwd.1.xml:135(para)
3602 "Compromises in password security normally result from careless password "
3603 "selection or handling. For this reason, you should not select a password "
3604 "which appears in a dictionary or which must be written down. The password "
3605 "should also not be a proper name, your license number, birth date, or street "
3606 "address. Any of these may be used as guesses to violate system security."
3609 #: passwd.1.xml:144(para)
3611 "You can find advices on how to choose a strong password on http://en."
3612 "wikipedia.org/wiki/Password_strength"
3615 #: passwd.1.xml:153(para)
3616 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>passwd</command> command are:"
3617 msgstr "Polecenie <command>passwd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
3619 #: passwd.1.xml:158(term) faillog.8.xml:71(term)
3620 msgid "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
3621 msgstr "<option>-a</option>, <option>--all</option>"
3623 #: passwd.1.xml:162(para)
3625 "This option can be used only with <option>-S</option> and causes show status "
3629 #: passwd.1.xml:169(term)
3630 msgid "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
3631 msgstr "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option>"
3633 #: passwd.1.xml:173(para)
3635 "Delete a user's password (make it empty). This is a quick way to disable a "
3636 "password for an account. It will set the named account passwordless."
3639 #: passwd.1.xml:181(term)
3640 msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
3641 msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
3643 #: passwd.1.xml:185(para)
3645 "Immediately expire an account's password. This in effect can force a user to "
3646 "change his/her password at the user's next login."
3649 #: passwd.1.xml:198(term)
3651 "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option><replaceable>INACTIVE</"
3654 "<option>-i</option>, <option>--inactive</option><replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</"
3657 #: passwd.1.xml:202(para)
3659 "This option is used to disable an account after the password has been "
3660 "expired for a number of days. After a user account has had an expired "
3661 "password for <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> days, the user may no "
3662 "longer sign on to the account."
3665 #: passwd.1.xml:211(term)
3666 msgid "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
3667 msgstr "<option>-k</option>, <option>--keep-tokens</option>"
3669 #: passwd.1.xml:215(para)
3671 "Indicate password change should be performed only for expired authentication "
3672 "tokens (passwords). The user wishes to keep their non-expired tokens as "
3676 #: passwd.1.xml:223(term)
3677 msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
3678 msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock</option>"
3680 #: passwd.1.xml:227(para)
3682 "Lock the password of the named account. This option disables a password by "
3683 "changing it to a value which matches no possible encrypted value (it adds a "
3684 "´!´ at the beginning of the password)."
3687 #: passwd.1.xml:233(para)
3689 "Note that this does not disable the account. The user may still be able to "
3690 "login using another authentication token (e.g. an SSH key). To disable the "
3691 "account, administrators should use <command>usermod --expiredate 1</command> "
3692 "(this set the account's expire date to Jan 2, 1970)."
3695 #: passwd.1.xml:240(para)
3696 msgid "Users with a locked password are not allowed to change their password."
3699 #: passwd.1.xml:247(term) chage.1.xml:138(term)
3701 "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option><replaceable>MIN_DAYS</"
3704 "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option><replaceable>MIN_DNI</"
3707 #: passwd.1.xml:251(para) chage.1.xml:142(para)
3709 "Set the minimum number of days between password changes to "
3710 "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. A value of zero for this field "
3711 "indicates that the user may change his/her password at any time."
3713 "Utawia minimalną liczbę dni pomiędzy zmianami hasła na "
3714 "<replaceable>MIN_DAYS</replaceable>. Wartość zerowa oznacza, że użytkownik "
3715 "może je zmieniać w dowolnym czasie."
3717 #: passwd.1.xml:269(term)
3719 "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option><replaceable>REPOSITORY</"
3722 "<option>-r</option>, <option>--repository</option><replaceable>REPOZYTORIUM</"
3725 #: passwd.1.xml:273(para)
3726 msgid "change password in <replaceable>REPOSITORY</replaceable> repository"
3729 #: passwd.1.xml:279(term)
3730 msgid "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
3731 msgstr "<option>-S</option>, <option>--status</option>"
3733 #: passwd.1.xml:283(para)
3735 "Display account status information. The status information consists of 7 "
3736 "fields. The first field is the user's login name. The second field indicates "
3737 "if the user account has a locked password (L), has no password (NP), or has "
3738 "a usable password (P). The third field gives the date of the last password "
3739 "change. The next four fields are the minimum age, maximum age, warning "
3740 "period, and inactivity period for the password. These ages are expressed in "
3744 #: passwd.1.xml:297(term)
3745 msgid "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
3746 msgstr "<option>-u</option>, <option>--unlock</option>"
3748 #: passwd.1.xml:301(para)
3750 "Unlock the password of the named account. This option re-enables a password "
3751 "by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before "
3752 "using the <option>-l</option> option), and by resetting the account expiry "
3756 #: passwd.1.xml:311(term)
3758 "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option><replaceable>WARN_DAYS</"
3761 "<option>-w</option>, <option>--warndays</option><replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</"
3764 #: passwd.1.xml:315(para)
3766 "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
3767 "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days prior to "
3768 "the password expiring that a user will be warned that his/her password is "
3772 #: passwd.1.xml:324(term)
3774 "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option><replaceable>MAX_DAYS</"
3777 "<option>-x</option>, <option>--maxdays</option><replaceable>MAX_DNI</"
3780 #: passwd.1.xml:328(para)
3782 "Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid. After "
3783 "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable>, the password is required to be changed."
3786 #: passwd.1.xml:340(para)
3788 "Password complexity checking may vary from site to site. The user is urged "
3789 "to select a password as complex as he or she feels comfortable with."
3792 #: passwd.1.xml:345(para)
3794 "Users may not be able to change their password on a system if NIS is enabled "
3795 "and they are not logged into the NIS server."
3798 #: passwd.1.xml:350(para)
3800 "<command>passwd</command> uses PAM to authenticate users and to change their "
3804 #: passwd.1.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term)
3805 #: gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) chpasswd.8.xml:30(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term)
3806 msgid "<option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> (string)"
3809 #: passwd.1.xml:32(para) newusers.8.xml:32(para) login.defs.5.xml:32(para)
3810 #: gpasswd.1.xml:32(para) chpasswd.8.xml:32(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:32(para)
3812 "This defines the system default encryption algorithm for encrypting "
3813 "passwords (if no algorithm are specified on the command line)."
3816 #: passwd.1.xml:40(para) newusers.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para)
3817 #: gpasswd.1.xml:40(para) chpasswd.8.xml:40(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:40(para)
3818 msgid "<replaceable>DES</replaceable> (default)"
3821 #: passwd.1.xml:43(replaceable) newusers.8.xml:43(replaceable)
3822 #: login.defs.5.xml:43(replaceable) gpasswd.1.xml:43(replaceable)
3823 #: chpasswd.8.xml:43(replaceable) chgpasswd.8.xml:43(replaceable)
3827 #: passwd.1.xml:46(replaceable) newusers.8.xml:46(replaceable)
3828 #: login.defs.5.xml:46(replaceable) gpasswd.1.xml:46(replaceable)
3829 #: chpasswd.8.xml:46(replaceable) chgpasswd.8.xml:46(replaceable)
3833 #: passwd.1.xml:49(replaceable) newusers.8.xml:49(replaceable)
3834 #: login.defs.5.xml:49(replaceable) gpasswd.1.xml:49(replaceable)
3835 #: chpasswd.8.xml:49(replaceable) chgpasswd.8.xml:49(replaceable)
3839 #: passwd.1.xml:36(para) newusers.8.xml:36(para) login.defs.5.xml:36(para)
3840 #: gpasswd.1.xml:36(para) chpasswd.8.xml:36(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:36(para)
3841 msgid "It can take one of these values: <placeholder-1/>"
3844 #: passwd.1.xml:53(para) newusers.8.xml:53(para) login.defs.5.xml:53(para)
3845 #: gpasswd.1.xml:53(para) chpasswd.8.xml:53(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:53(para)
3847 "Note: this parameter overrides the <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> variable."
3850 #: passwd.1.xml:57(para) passwd.1.xml:53(para) passwd.1.xml:62(para)
3851 #: newusers.8.xml:57(para) newusers.8.xml:53(para) newusers.8.xml:62(para)
3852 #: login.defs.5.xml:57(para) login.defs.5.xml:53(para)
3853 #: login.defs.5.xml:62(para) gpasswd.1.xml:57(para) gpasswd.1.xml:53(para)
3854 #: gpasswd.1.xml:62(para) chpasswd.8.xml:57(para) chpasswd.8.xml:53(para)
3855 #: chpasswd.8.xml:62(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:57(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:53(para)
3856 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:62(para)
3858 "Note: This only affect the generation of group passwords. The generation of "
3859 "user passwords is done by PAM and subject to the PAM configuration. It is "
3860 "recommended to set this variable consistently with the PAM configuration."
3863 #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) newusers.8.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
3864 #: gpasswd.1.xml:32(term) chpasswd.8.xml:32(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:32(term)
3865 msgid "<option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
3868 #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) newusers.8.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
3869 #: gpasswd.1.xml:34(para) chpasswd.8.xml:34(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:34(para)
3871 "Indicate if passwords must be encrypted using the MD5-based algorithm. If "
3872 "set to <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, new passwords will be encrypted using "
3873 "the MD5-based algorithm compatible with the one used by recent releases of "
3874 "FreeBSD. It supports passwords of unlimited length and longer salt strings. "
3875 "Set to <replaceable>no</replaceable> if you need to copy encrypted passwords "
3876 "to other systems which don't understand the new algorithm. Default is "
3877 "<replaceable>no</replaceable>."
3880 #: passwd.1.xml:44(para) newusers.8.xml:44(para) login.defs.5.xml:44(para)
3881 #: gpasswd.1.xml:44(para) chpasswd.8.xml:44(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:44(para)
3883 "This variable is superceded by the <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> variable "
3884 "or by any command line option used to configure the encryption algorithm."
3887 #: passwd.1.xml:49(para) newusers.8.xml:49(para) login.defs.5.xml:49(para)
3888 #: gpasswd.1.xml:49(para) chpasswd.8.xml:49(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:49(para)
3890 "This variable is deprecated. You should use <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option>."
3893 #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
3895 msgid "<option>OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
3896 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
3898 #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
3899 msgid "Enable additional checks upon password changes."
3902 #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
3904 msgid "<option>PASS_ALWAYS_WARN</option> (boolean)"
3905 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
3907 #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
3908 msgid "Warn about weak passwords (but still allow them) if you are root."
3911 #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
3913 msgid "<option>PASS_CHANGE_TRIES</option> (number)"
3914 msgstr "PASS_WARN_AGE (numer)"
3916 #: passwd.1.xml:34(para) login.defs.5.xml:34(para)
3917 msgid "Maximum number of attempts to change password if rejected (too easy)."
3920 #: passwd.1.xml:32(term) login.defs.5.xml:32(term)
3922 msgid "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> (number)"
3923 msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS (numer)"
3925 #: passwd.1.xml:33(term) login.defs.5.xml:33(term)
3927 msgid "<option>PASS_MIN_LEN</option> (number)"
3928 msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (numer)"
3930 #: passwd.1.xml:35(para) login.defs.5.xml:35(para)
3932 "Number of significant characters in the password for crypt(). "
3933 "<option>PASS_MAX_LEN</option> is 8 by default. Don't change unless your crypt"
3934 "() is better. This is ignored if <option>MD5_CRYPT_ENAB</option> set to "
3935 "<replaceable>yes</replaceable>."
3938 #: passwd.1.xml:30(term) newusers.8.xml:30(term) login.defs.5.xml:30(term)
3939 #: gpasswd.1.xml:30(term) chpasswd.8.xml:30(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:30(term)
3940 msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
3943 #: passwd.1.xml:31(term) newusers.8.xml:31(term) login.defs.5.xml:31(term)
3944 #: gpasswd.1.xml:31(term) chpasswd.8.xml:31(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:31(term)
3945 msgid "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> (number)"
3948 #: passwd.1.xml:33(para) newusers.8.xml:33(para) login.defs.5.xml:33(para)
3949 #: gpasswd.1.xml:33(para) chpasswd.8.xml:33(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:33(para)
3951 "When <option>ENCRYPT_METHOD</option> is set to <replaceable>SHA256</"
3952 "replaceable> or <replaceable>SHA512</replaceable>, this defines the number "
3953 "of SHA rounds used by the encryption algorithm by default (when the number "
3954 "of rounds is not specified on the command line)."
3957 #: passwd.1.xml:40(para) newusers.8.xml:40(para) login.defs.5.xml:40(para)
3958 #: gpasswd.1.xml:40(para) chpasswd.8.xml:40(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:40(para)
3960 "With a lot of rounds, it is more difficult to brute forcing the password. "
3961 "But note also that more CPU resources will be needed to authenticate users."
3964 #: passwd.1.xml:45(para) newusers.8.xml:45(para) login.defs.5.xml:45(para)
3965 #: gpasswd.1.xml:45(para) chpasswd.8.xml:45(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:45(para)
3967 "If not specified, the libc will choose the default number of rounds (5000)."
3970 #: passwd.1.xml:49(para) newusers.8.xml:49(para) login.defs.5.xml:49(para)
3971 #: gpasswd.1.xml:49(para) chpasswd.8.xml:49(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:49(para)
3972 msgid "The values must be inside the 1000-999999999 range."
3975 #: passwd.1.xml:52(para) newusers.8.xml:52(para) login.defs.5.xml:52(para)
3976 #: gpasswd.1.xml:52(para) chpasswd.8.xml:52(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:52(para)
3978 "If only one of the <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> or "
3979 "<option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</option> values is set, then this value will be "
3983 #: passwd.1.xml:57(para) newusers.8.xml:57(para) login.defs.5.xml:57(para)
3984 #: gpasswd.1.xml:57(para) chpasswd.8.xml:57(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:57(para)
3986 "If <option>SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</option> > <option>SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS</"
3987 "option>, the highest value will be used."
3990 #: passwd.1.xml:396(filename)
3992 #| msgid "/etc/passwd"
3993 msgid "/etc/pam.d/passwd"
3994 msgstr "/etc/passwd"
3996 #: passwd.1.xml:398(para)
3997 msgid "PAM configuration for <command>passwd</command>."
4000 #: passwd.1.xml:418(para) chage.1.xml:241(para)
4001 msgid "permission denied"
4002 msgstr "brak dostępu"
4004 #: passwd.1.xml:424(para)
4005 msgid "invalid combination of options"
4006 msgstr "nieprawidłowa kombinacja opcji"
4008 #: passwd.1.xml:430(para)
4009 msgid "unexpected failure, nothing done"
4012 #: passwd.1.xml:436(para)
4013 msgid "unexpected failure, <filename>passwd</filename> file missing"
4016 #: passwd.1.xml:442(para)
4017 msgid "<filename>passwd</filename> file busy, try again"
4020 #: passwd.1.xml:406(para)
4022 "The <command>passwd</command> command exits with the following values: "
4025 "Polecenie <command>passwd</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
4026 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
4028 #: passwd.1.xml:457(para)
4031 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
4032 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
4033 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4034 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
4035 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
4036 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4038 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
4039 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
4040 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
4041 "condition=\"no_pam\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
4042 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
4043 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4045 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
4046 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
4047 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4048 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
4049 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
4050 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4052 #: nologin.8.xml:34(refentrytitle) nologin.8.xml:39(refname)
4053 #: nologin.8.xml:45(command)
4057 #: nologin.8.xml:40(refpurpose)
4058 msgid "politely refuse a login"
4061 #: nologin.8.xml:51(para)
4063 "The <command>nologin</command> command displays a message that an account is "
4064 "not available and exits non-zero. It is intended as a replacement shell "
4065 "field for accounts that have been disabled."
4068 #: nologin.8.xml:56(para)
4070 "To disable all logins, investigate <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
4071 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4074 #: nologin.8.xml:65(para)
4076 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
4077 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</"
4078 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4081 #: nologin.8.xml:76(title)
4085 #: nologin.8.xml:77(para)
4086 msgid "The <command>nologin</command> command appearred in BSD 4.4."
4089 #: newusers.8.xml:50(refentrytitle) newusers.8.xml:55(refname)
4090 #: newusers.8.xml:61(command) login.defs.5.xml:353(term)
4094 #: newusers.8.xml:56(refpurpose)
4095 msgid "update and create new users in batch"
4096 msgstr "wsadowa aktualizacja i tworzenie nowych użytkowników"
4098 #: newusers.8.xml:64(replaceable)
4102 #: newusers.8.xml:71(para)
4105 #| "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a file of user name and "
4106 #| "clear-text password pairs and uses this information to update a group of "
4107 #| "existing users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as "
4108 #| "the standard password file (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
4109 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the following "
4112 "The <command>newusers</command> command reads a file of user name and clear-"
4113 "text password pairs and uses this information to update a group of existing "
4114 "users or to create new users. Each line is in the same format as the "
4115 "standard password file (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
4116 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) with the exceptions "
4119 "Polecenie <command>newusers</command> odczytuje z pliku nazwa użytkowników i "
4120 "podane jawnym tekstem hasło. Odczytane informacje wykorzystywane są do "
4121 "aktualizacji grupy istniejących użytkowników lub tworzenia nowych. Każdy "
4122 "wiersz pliku posiada taki sam format jak standardowy plik haseł (patrz "
4123 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
4124 "citerefentry>), z następującymi wyjątkami:"
4126 #: newusers.8.xml:79(para)
4127 msgid "pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell"
4130 #: newusers.8.xml:84(emphasis)
4136 #: newusers.8.xml:87(para)
4137 msgid "This is the name of the user."
4140 #: newusers.8.xml:90(para)
4142 "It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or an user "
4143 "created before by <command>newusers</command>). In case of an existing user, "
4144 "the user's information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created."
4147 #: newusers.8.xml:101(emphasis)
4151 #: newusers.8.xml:104(para)
4153 "This field will be encrypted and used as the new value of the encrypted "
4156 "To pole zostanie zakodowane i użyte jako nowa wartość zakodowanego hasła."
4158 #: newusers.8.xml:112(emphasis)
4164 #: newusers.8.xml:115(para)
4165 msgid "This field is used to define the UID of the user."
4168 #: newusers.8.xml:118(para)
4170 "If the field is empty, an new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by "
4171 "<command>newusers</command>."
4174 #: newusers.8.xml:122(para)
4175 msgid "If this field contains a number, this number will be used as the UID."
4178 #: newusers.8.xml:126(para)
4180 "If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of an user "
4181 "created before by <command>newusers</command>), the UID of the specified "
4182 "user will be used."
4185 #: newusers.8.xml:136(emphasis)
4189 #: newusers.8.xml:139(para)
4190 msgid "This field is used to define the primary group ID for the user."
4193 #: newusers.8.xml:142(para)
4195 "If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created "
4196 "before by <command>newusers</command>), the GID of this group will be used "
4197 "as the primary group ID for the user."
4200 #: newusers.8.xml:148(para)
4202 "If this field is a number, this number will be used as the primary group ID "
4203 "of the user. If no groups exist with this GID, a new group will be created "
4204 "with this GID, and the name of the user."
4207 #: newusers.8.xml:154(para)
4209 "If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the "
4210 "user and a GID will be automatically defined by <command>newusers</command> "
4211 "to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new "
4215 #: newusers.8.xml:160(para)
4217 "If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not "
4218 "created earlier wbefore by <command>newusers</command>), a new group will be "
4219 "created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by "
4220 "<command>newusers</command> to be used as the primary group ID for the user "
4221 "and Gs the ID for the new group."
4224 #: newusers.8.xml:172(emphasis)
4228 #: newusers.8.xml:175(para)
4229 msgid "This field is copied in the GECOS field of the user."
4232 #: newusers.8.xml:182(emphasis)
4236 #: newusers.8.xml:185(para)
4237 msgid "This field is used to define the home directory of the user."
4240 #: newusers.8.xml:188(para)
4242 "If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified "
4243 "directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or "
4244 "updated and its primary group."
4247 #: newusers.8.xml:197(emphasis)
4251 #: newusers.8.xml:200(para)
4253 "This field defines the shell of the user. No checks are performed on this "
4257 #: newusers.8.xml:208(para)
4259 "<command>newusers</command> first tries to create or change all the "
4260 "specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group "
4261 "databases. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), "
4262 "no changes are committed to the databases."
4265 #: newusers.8.xml:215(para)
4267 "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
4268 "accounts are updated at a single time."
4271 #: newusers.8.xml:223(para)
4274 #| "The options which apply to the <command>usermod</command> command are:"
4275 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>newusers</command> command are:"
4276 msgstr "Polecenie <command>usermod</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
4278 #: newusers.8.xml:228(term) chpasswd.8.xml:116(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:95(term)
4280 msgid "<option>-c</option>, <option>--crypt-method</option>"
4281 msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
4283 #: newusers.8.xml:230(para) chpasswd.8.xml:118(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:97(para)
4284 msgid "Use the specified method to encrypt the passwords."
4287 #: newusers.8.xml:231(para) chpasswd.8.xml:122(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:101(para)
4289 "The available methods are DES, MD5, NONE, and SHA256 or SHA512 if your libc "
4290 "support these methods."
4293 #: newusers.8.xml:253(para)
4295 "System users will be created with no aging information in <filename>/etc/"
4296 "shadow</filename>, and their numeric identifiers are choosen in the "
4297 "<option>SYS_UID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_UID_MAX</option> range, defined in "
4298 "<filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>UID_MIN</option>-"
4299 "<option>UID_MAX</option> (and their <option>GID</option> counterparts for "
4300 "the creation of groups)."
4303 #: newusers.8.xml:267(term) chpasswd.8.xml:154(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:129(term)
4305 msgid "<option>-s</option>, <option>--sha-rounds</option>"
4306 msgstr "<option>-s</option>, <option>--shadow</option>"
4308 #: newusers.8.xml:269(para) chpasswd.8.xml:156(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:131(para)
4309 msgid "Use the specified number of rounds to encrypt the passwords."
4312 #: newusers.8.xml:272(para) chpasswd.8.xml:159(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:134(para)
4314 "The value 0 means that the system will choose the default number of rounds "
4315 "for the crypt method (5000)."
4318 #: newusers.8.xml:276(para) chpasswd.8.xml:163(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:138(para)
4320 "A minimal value of 1000 and a maximal value of 999,999,999 will be enforced."
4323 #: newusers.8.xml:280(para) chpasswd.8.xml:167(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:142(para)
4324 msgid "You can only use this option with the SHA256 or SHA512 crypt method."
4327 #: newusers.8.xml:284(para) chpasswd.8.xml:171(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:146(para)
4329 "By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and "
4330 "SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>."
4333 #: newusers.8.xml:296(para)
4335 "The input file must be protected since it contains unencrypted passwords."
4338 #: newusers.8.xml:300(para)
4340 "PAM is not used to update the passwords. Only <filename>/etc/passwd</"
4341 "filename> and <filename>/etc/shadow</filename> are updated, and the various "
4342 "checks or options provided by PAM modules are not used."
4345 #: newusers.8.xml:375(filename)
4347 #| msgid "/etc/passwd"
4348 msgid "/etc/pam.d/newusers"
4349 msgstr "/etc/passwd"
4351 #: newusers.8.xml:377(para)
4352 msgid "PAM configuration for <command>newusers</command>."
4355 #: newusers.8.xml:385(para)
4357 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
4358 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
4359 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4360 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
4361 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4363 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
4364 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
4365 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4366 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
4367 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4369 #: newgrp.1.xml:38(refentrytitle) newgrp.1.xml:43(refname)
4370 #: newgrp.1.xml:49(command)
4374 #: newgrp.1.xml:44(refpurpose)
4375 msgid "log in to a new group"
4378 #: newgrp.1.xml:50(replaceable) grpck.8.xml:51(replaceable)
4379 #: grpck.8.xml:60(replaceable) groupdel.8.xml:51(replaceable)
4380 #: groupadd.8.xml:56(replaceable) gpasswd.1.xml:63(replaceable)
4384 #: newgrp.1.xml:56(para)
4386 "The <command>newgrp</command> command is used to change the current group ID "
4387 "during a login session. If the optional <option>-</option> flag is given, "
4388 "the user's environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged "
4389 "in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, "
4390 "remains unchanged."
4393 #: newgrp.1.xml:64(para)
4395 "<command>newgrp</command> changes the current real group ID to the named "
4396 "group, or to the default group listed in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> if "
4397 "no group name is given. <command>newgrp</command> also tries to add the "
4398 "group to the user groupset. If not root, the user will be prompted for a "
4399 "password if she does not have a password (in <filename>/etc/shadow</"
4400 "filename> if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in "
4401 "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> otherwise) and the group does, or if the "
4402 "user is not listed as a member and the group has a password. The user will "
4403 "be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed "
4407 #: newgrp.1.xml:78(para)
4409 "If there is an entry for this group in <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename>, "
4410 "then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from "
4411 "this file, otherwise, the entry in <filename>/etc/group</filename> is "
4415 #: newgrp.1.xml:130(para)
4418 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
4419 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
4420 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4421 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
4422 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sg</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
4423 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
4424 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4425 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
4426 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
4427 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4429 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
4430 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
4431 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4432 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
4433 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
4434 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
4435 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4436 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
4437 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
4438 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>"
4440 #: logoutd.8.xml:34(refentrytitle) logoutd.8.xml:39(refname)
4441 #: logoutd.8.xml:45(command)
4445 #: logoutd.8.xml:40(refpurpose)
4446 msgid "Enforce login time restrictions"
4449 #: logoutd.8.xml:51(para)
4451 "<command>logoutd</command> enforces the login time and port restrictions "
4452 "specified in <filename>/etc/porttime</filename>. <command>logoutd</command> "
4453 "should be started from <filename>/etc/rc</filename>. The <filename>/var/run/"
4454 "utmp</filename> file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked "
4455 "to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time. "
4456 "Any login session which is violating the restrictions in <filename>/etc/"
4457 "porttime</filename> is terminated."
4460 #: logoutd.8.xml:73(filename) login.1.xml:319(filename)
4461 msgid "/var/run/utmp"
4462 msgstr "/var/run/utmp"
4464 #: logoutd.8.xml:75(para) login.1.xml:321(para)
4465 msgid "List of current login sessions."
4468 #: login.defs.5.xml:97(refentrytitle) login.defs.5.xml:102(refname)
4472 #: login.defs.5.xml:103(refpurpose)
4473 msgid "shadow password suite configuration"
4476 #: login.defs.5.xml:108(para)
4478 "The <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> file defines the site-specific "
4479 "configuration for the shadow password suite. This file is required. Absence "
4480 "of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in "
4481 "undesirable operation."
4484 #: login.defs.5.xml:115(para)
4486 "This file is a readable text file, each line of the file describing one "
4487 "configuration parameter. The lines consist of a configuration name and "
4488 "value, separated by whitespace. Blank lines and comment lines are ignored. "
4489 "Comments are introduced with a \"#\" pound sign and the pound sign must be "
4490 "the first non-white character of the line."
4493 #: login.defs.5.xml:123(para)
4495 "Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long "
4496 "numbers. A string is comprised of any printable characters. A boolean should "
4497 "be either the value <replaceable>yes</replaceable> or <replaceable>no</"
4498 "replaceable>. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than "
4499 "these will be given a <replaceable>no</replaceable> value. Numbers (both "
4500 "regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the "
4501 "value with <replaceable>0</replaceable>) or hexadecimal values (precede the "
4502 "value with <replaceable>0x</replaceable>). The maximum value of the regular "
4503 "and long numeric parameters is machine-dependent."
4506 #: login.defs.5.xml:138(para)
4507 msgid "The following configuration items are provided:"
4510 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) chfn.1.xml:32(term)
4511 msgid "<option>CHFN_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
4514 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) chfn.1.xml:34(para)
4516 "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chfn</command> program will "
4517 "require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
4521 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) chfn.1.xml:32(term)
4523 msgid "<option>CHFN_RESTRICT</option> (string)"
4524 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
4526 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) chfn.1.xml:34(para)
4528 "This parameter specifies which values in the <emphasis remap=\"I\">gecos</"
4529 "emphasis> field of the <filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file may be changed "
4530 "by regular users using the <command>chfn</command> program. It can be any "
4531 "combination of letters <replaceable>f</replaceable>, <replaceable>r</"
4532 "replaceable>, <replaceable>w</replaceable>, <replaceable>h</replaceable>, "
4533 "for Full name, Room number, Work phone, and Home phone, respectively. For "
4534 "backward compatibility, <replaceable>yes</replaceable> is equivalent to "
4535 "<replaceable>rwh</replaceable> and <replaceable>no</replaceable> is "
4536 "equivalent to <replaceable>frwh</replaceable>. If not specified, only the "
4537 "superuser can make any changes. The most restrictive setting is better "
4538 "achieved by not installing <command>chfn</command> SUID."
4541 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) chsh.1.xml:32(term)
4543 msgid "<option>CHSH_AUTH</option> (boolean)"
4544 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4546 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) chsh.1.xml:34(para)
4548 "If <replaceable>yes</replaceable>, the <command>chsh</command> program will "
4549 "require authentication before making any changes, unless run by the "
4553 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4555 msgid "<option>ERASECHAR</option> (number)"
4556 msgstr "UMASK (number)"
4558 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4561 "Terminal ERASE character (<replaceable>010</replaceable> = backspace, "
4562 "<replaceable>0177</replaceable> = DEL)."
4564 "Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
4565 "<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
4567 #: login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.defs.5.xml:37(para) login.1.xml:38(para)
4568 #: login.1.xml:37(para)
4570 "The value can be prefixed \"0\" for an octal value, or \"0x\" for an "
4571 "hexadecimal value."
4574 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4576 msgid "<option>FAIL_DELAY</option> (number)"
4577 msgstr "PASS_MIN_DAYS (numer)"
4579 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4581 "Delay in seconds before being allowed another attempt after a login failure."
4584 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4586 msgid "<option>FAILLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
4587 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4589 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4591 "Enable logging and display of <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> login "
4595 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4597 msgid "<option>FAKE_SHELL</option> (string)"
4598 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
4600 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4602 "If set, <command>login</command> will execute this shell instead of the "
4603 "users' shell specified in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
4606 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4608 msgid "<option>FTMP_FILE</option> (string)"
4609 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
4611 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4613 "If defined, login failures will be logged in this file in a utmp format."
4616 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4618 msgid "<option>HUSHLOGIN_FILE</option> (string)"
4619 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
4621 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4623 "If defined, this file can inhibit all the usual chatter during the login "
4624 "sequence. If a full pathname is specified, then hushed mode will be enabled "
4625 "if the user's name or shell are found in the file. If not a full pathname, "
4626 "then hushed mode will be enabled if the file exists in the user's home "
4630 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4632 msgid "<option>ISSUE_FILE</option> (string)"
4633 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
4635 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4636 msgid "If defined, this file will be displayed before each login prompt."
4639 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4641 msgid "<option>KILLCHAR</option> (number)"
4642 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4644 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4645 msgid "Terminal KILL character (<replaceable>025</replaceable> = CTRL/U)."
4648 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4650 msgid "<option>LASTLOG_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
4651 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4653 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4654 msgid "Enable logging and display of /var/log/lastlog login time info."
4657 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4659 msgid "<option>LOG_OK_LOGINS</option> (boolean)"
4660 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4662 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4663 msgid "Enable logging of successful logins."
4666 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4668 msgid "<option>LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
4669 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4671 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4672 msgid "Enable display of unknown usernames when login failures are recorded."
4675 #: login.defs.5.xml:38(para) login.1.xml:38(para)
4677 "Note: logging unknown usernames may be a security issue if an user enter her "
4678 "password instead of her login name."
4681 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4683 msgid "<option>LOGIN_RETRIES</option> (number)"
4684 msgstr "GID_MIN (numer)"
4686 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4687 msgid "Maximum number of login retries in case of bad password."
4690 #: login.defs.5.xml:37(para) login.1.xml:37(para)
4692 "This will most likely be overriden by PAM, since the default pam_unix module "
4693 "has it's own built in of 3 retries. However, this is a safe fallback in case "
4694 "you are using an authentication module that does not enforce PAM_MAXTRIES."
4697 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4699 msgid "<option>LOGIN_TIMEOUT</option> (number)"
4700 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4702 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4703 msgid "Max time in seconds for login."
4706 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4708 msgid "<option>MOTD_FILE</option> (string)"
4709 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
4711 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4713 "If defined, \":\" delimited list of \"message of the day\" files to be "
4714 "displayed upon login."
4717 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4719 msgid "<option>NOLOGINS_FILE</option> (string)"
4720 msgstr "CHFN_RESTRICT (łańcuch)"
4722 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4724 "If defined, name of file whose presence will inhibit non-root logins. The "
4725 "contents of this file should be a message indicating why logins are "
4729 #: login.defs.5.xml:181(para)
4731 "<option>PASS_MAX_DAYS</option>, <option>PASS_MIN_DAYS</option> and "
4732 "<option>PASS_WARN_AGE</option> are only used at the time of account "
4733 "creation. Any changes to these settings won't affect existing accounts."
4736 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4738 msgid "<option>PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB</option> (boolean)"
4739 msgstr "GID_MAX (numer)"
4741 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4742 msgid "Enable checking of time restrictions specified in /etc/porttime."
4745 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4747 msgid "<option>TTYGROUP</option> (string)"
4748 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
4750 #: login.defs.5.xml:33(term) login.1.xml:33(term)
4752 msgid "<option>TTYPERM</option> (string)"
4753 msgstr "USERDEL_CMD (łańcuch)"
4755 #: login.defs.5.xml:35(para) login.1.xml:35(para)
4757 "The terminal permissions: the login tty will be owned by the "
4758 "<option>TTYGROUP</option> group, and the permissions will be set to "
4759 "<option>TTYPERM</option>."
4762 #: login.defs.5.xml:40(para) login.1.xml:40(para)
4764 "By default, the ownership of the terminal is set to the user's primary group "
4765 "and the permissions are set to <replaceable>0600</replaceable>."
4768 #: login.defs.5.xml:45(para) login.1.xml:45(para)
4770 "<option>TTYGROUP</option> can be either the name of a group or a numeric "
4774 #: login.defs.5.xml:49(para) login.1.xml:49(para)
4776 "If you have a <command>write</command> program which is \"setgid\" to a "
4777 "special group which owns the terminals, define TTYGROUP to the group number "
4778 "and TTYPERM to 0620. Otherwise leave TTYGROUP commented out and assign "
4779 "TTYPERM to either 622 or 600."
4782 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4784 msgid "<option>TTYTYPE_FILE</option> (string)"
4785 msgstr "MAIL_DIR (łańcuch)"
4787 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4789 "If defined, file which maps tty line to TERM environment parameter. Each "
4790 "line of the file is in a format something like \"vt100 tty01\"."
4793 #: login.defs.5.xml:32(term) login.1.xml:32(term)
4795 msgid "<option>ULIMIT</option> (number)"
4796 msgstr "UID_MIN (numer)"
4798 #: login.defs.5.xml:34(para) login.1.xml:34(para)
4799 msgid "Default <command>ulimit</command> value."
4802 #: login.defs.5.xml:209(title)
4803 msgid "CROSS REFERENCES"
4806 #: login.defs.5.xml:210(para)
4808 "The following cross references show which programs in the shadow password "
4809 "suite use which parameters."
4812 #: login.defs.5.xml:218(term) chfn.1.xml:41(refentrytitle)
4813 #: chfn.1.xml:46(refname) chfn.1.xml:52(command)
4817 #: login.defs.5.xml:220(para)
4819 "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CHFN_AUTH</phrase> CHFN_RESTRICT <phrase "
4820 "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase>"
4823 #: login.defs.5.xml:228(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:42(refentrytitle)
4824 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:47(refname) chgpasswd.8.xml:53(command)
4828 #: login.defs.5.xml:230(para) login.defs.5.xml:260(para)
4830 "ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase condition="
4831 "\"sha_crypt\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
4834 #: login.defs.5.xml:238(term) chpasswd.8.xml:41(refentrytitle)
4835 #: chpasswd.8.xml:46(refname) chpasswd.8.xml:52(command)
4839 #: login.defs.5.xml:240(para)
4841 "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB <phrase condition=\"sha_crypt"
4842 "\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
4845 #: login.defs.5.xml:248(term) chsh.1.xml:40(refentrytitle)
4846 #: chsh.1.xml:45(refname) chsh.1.xml:51(command)
4850 #: login.defs.5.xml:250(para)
4852 msgid "CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING"
4853 msgstr "CHFN_AUTH CHFN_RESTRICT"
4855 #: login.defs.5.xml:258(term) gpasswd.1.xml:42(refentrytitle)
4856 #: gpasswd.1.xml:47(refname) gpasswd.1.xml:58(command)
4860 #: login.defs.5.xml:268(term) groupadd.8.xml:42(refentrytitle)
4861 #: groupadd.8.xml:47(refname) groupadd.8.xml:53(command)
4865 #: login.defs.5.xml:270(para)
4867 msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN"
4869 "GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
4872 #: login.defs.5.xml:277(term) groupdel.8.xml:38(refentrytitle)
4873 #: groupdel.8.xml:43(refname) groupdel.8.xml:49(command)
4877 #: login.defs.5.xml:279(para) login.defs.5.xml:285(para)
4878 #: login.defs.5.xml:291(para) login.defs.5.xml:298(para)
4879 #: login.defs.5.xml:304(para) login.defs.5.xml:310(para)
4880 msgid "MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
4883 #: login.defs.5.xml:283(term) groupmems.8.xml:38(refentrytitle)
4884 #: groupmems.8.xml:43(refname) groupmems.8.xml:49(command)
4888 #: login.defs.5.xml:289(term) groupmod.8.xml:38(refentrytitle)
4889 #: groupmod.8.xml:43(refname) groupmod.8.xml:49(command)
4893 #: login.defs.5.xml:296(term) grpck.8.xml:38(refentrytitle)
4894 #: grpck.8.xml:43(refname) grpck.8.xml:49(command) grpck.8.xml:58(command)
4898 #: login.defs.5.xml:316(term) login.1.xml:70(refentrytitle)
4899 #: login.1.xml:75(refname) login.1.xml:81(command) login.1.xml:89(command)
4900 #: login.1.xml:96(command)
4904 #: login.defs.5.xml:318(para)
4906 "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
4907 "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE</"
4908 "phrase> ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">FAILLOG_ENAB</"
4909 "phrase> FAKE_SHELL <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">FTMP_FILE</phrase> "
4910 "HUSHLOGIN_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ISSUE_FILE</phrase> KILLCHAR "
4911 "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">LASTLOG_ENAB</phrase> LOGIN_RETRIES <phrase "
4912 "condition=\"no_pam\">LOGIN_STRING</phrase> LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS "
4913 "LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR "
4914 "MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> "
4915 "TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ULIMIT UMASK</"
4916 "phrase> USERGROUPS_ENAB"
4919 #: login.defs.5.xml:345(term)
4925 #: login.defs.5.xml:347(para)
4926 msgid "SYSLOG_SG_ENAB"
4929 #: login.defs.5.xml:355(para)
4932 "ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB "
4933 "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE <phrase condition=\"sha_crypt"
4934 "\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase> SYS_GID_MAX "
4935 "SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
4937 "GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
4940 #: login.defs.5.xml:371(para)
4942 "ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN "
4943 "PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN <phrase condition=\"sha_crypt"
4944 "\">SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS</phrase>"
4947 #: login.defs.5.xml:382(para) login.defs.5.xml:390(para)
4948 msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
4949 msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE"
4951 #: login.defs.5.xml:397(para)
4953 "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">CONSOLE</phrase> CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME "
4954 "<phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE</phrase> ENV_PATH "
4955 "ENV_SUPATH <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB "
4956 "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB</phrase> SULOG_FILE SU_NAME <phrase condition="
4957 "\"no_pam\">SU_WHEEL_ONLY</phrase> SYSLOG_SU_ENAB <phrase condition=\"no_pam"
4958 "\">USERGROUPS_ENAB</phrase>"
4961 #: login.defs.5.xml:412(term)
4966 #: login.defs.5.xml:414(para)
4967 msgid "ENV_HZ <phrase condition=\"no_pam\">ENV_TZ</phrase>"
4970 #: login.defs.5.xml:423(para)
4973 "CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS "
4974 "PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN "
4975 "UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK"
4977 "GID_MAX GID_MIN PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UID_MAX UID_MIN "
4980 #: login.defs.5.xml:436(para)
4981 msgid "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB"
4984 #: login.defs.5.xml:445(para)
4985 msgid "MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP"
4988 #: login.defs.5.xml:456(para)
4991 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
4992 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
4993 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
4994 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
4995 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
4996 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
4998 "Much of the functionality that used to be provided by the shadow password "
4999 "suite is now handled by PAM. Thus, <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> is "
5000 "no longer used by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5001 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, or less used by "
5002 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5003 "citerefentry>, and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
5004 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Please refer to the "
5005 "corresponding PAM configuration files instead."
5007 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
5008 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5009 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5010 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
5011 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
5012 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5014 #: login.defs.5.xml:472(para)
5016 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5017 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5018 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5019 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5020 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5021 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5022 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
5023 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
5024 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5026 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5027 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5028 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5029 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5030 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5031 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5032 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
5033 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
5034 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5036 #: login.access.5.xml:35(refentrytitle) login.access.5.xml:40(refname)
5037 msgid "login.access"
5038 msgstr "login.access"
5040 #: login.access.5.xml:41(refpurpose)
5041 msgid "login access control table"
5044 #: login.access.5.xml:46(para)
5046 "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> file specifies (user, "
5047 "host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be "
5048 "either accepted or refused."
5051 #: login.access.5.xml:52(para)
5053 "When someone logs in, the <emphasis remap=\"I\">login.access</emphasis> is "
5054 "scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, "
5055 "in case of non-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, "
5056 "tty) combination. The permissions field of that table entry determines "
5057 "whether the login will be accepted or refused."
5060 #: login.access.5.xml:60(para)
5062 "Each line of the login access control table has three fields separated by a "
5066 #: login.access.5.xml:65(para)
5068 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">permission</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">users</"
5069 "emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">origins</emphasis>"
5072 #: login.access.5.xml:69(para)
5074 "The first field should be a \"<emphasis>+</emphasis>\" (access granted) or "
5075 "\"<emphasis>-</emphasis>\" (access denied) character. The second field "
5076 "should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or <emphasis>ALL</"
5077 "emphasis> (always matches). The third field should be a list of one or more "
5078 "tty names (for non-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "
5079 "\"<literal>.</literal>\"), host addresses, internet network numbers (end "
5080 "with \"<literal>.</literal>\"), <emphasis>ALL</emphasis> (always matches) or "
5081 "<emphasis>LOCAL</emphasis> (matches any string that does not contain a "
5082 "\"<literal>.</literal>\" character). If you run NIS you can use "
5083 "@netgroupname in host or user patterns."
5086 #: login.access.5.xml:83(para)
5088 "The <emphasis>EXCEPT</emphasis> operator makes it possible to write very "
5092 #: login.access.5.xml:88(para)
5094 "The group file is searched only when a name does not match that of the "
5095 "logged-in user. Only groups are matched in which users are explicitly "
5096 "listed: the program does not look at a user's primary group id value."
5099 #: login.1.xml:76(refpurpose)
5100 msgid "begin session on the system"
5103 #: login.1.xml:82(arg) login.1.xml:90(arg) login.1.xml:97(arg)
5104 #: login.1.xml:214(option) groupmems.8.xml:54(arg)
5108 #: login.1.xml:83(replaceable) login.1.xml:91(replaceable)
5109 #: login.1.xml:98(replaceable)
5113 #: login.1.xml:83(arg) login.1.xml:91(arg) chfn.1.xml:56(arg)
5114 msgid "-h <placeholder-1/>"
5115 msgstr "-h <placeholder-1/>"
5117 #: login.1.xml:86(replaceable)
5121 #: login.1.xml:92(arg) login.1.xml:192(option) expiry.1.xml:54(arg)
5125 #: login.1.xml:98(arg) chfn.1.xml:54(arg)
5126 msgid "-r <placeholder-1/>"
5127 msgstr "-r <placeholder-1/>"
5129 #: login.1.xml:104(para)
5131 "The <command>login</command> program is used to establish a new session with "
5132 "the system. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the "
5133 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">login:</emphasis> prompt on the user's terminal. "
5134 "<command>login</command> may be special to the shell and may not be invoked "
5135 "as a sub-process. When called from a shell, <command>login</command> should "
5136 "be executed as <emphasis remap=\"B\">exec login</emphasis> which will cause "
5137 "the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new "
5138 "logged in user to return to the session of the caller). Attempting to "
5139 "execute <command>login</command> from any shell but the login shell will "
5140 "produce an error message."
5143 #: login.1.xml:118(para)
5145 "The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate. Echoing is "
5146 "disabled to prevent revealing the password. Only a small number of password "
5147 "failures are permitted before <command>login</command> exits and the "
5148 "communications link is severed."
5151 #: login.1.xml:125(para)
5153 "If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for "
5154 "a new password before proceeding. You will be forced to provide your old "
5155 "password and the new password before continuing. Please refer to "
5156 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5157 "citerefentry> for more information."
5160 #: login.1.xml:134(para)
5162 "After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and "
5163 "the presence of mail. You may turn off the printing of the system message "
5164 "file, <filename>/etc/motd</filename>, by creating a zero-length file "
5165 "<filename>.hushlogin</filename> in your login directory. The mail message "
5166 "will be one of \"<emphasis>You have new mail.</emphasis>\", \"<emphasis>You "
5167 "have mail.</emphasis>\", or \"<emphasis>No Mail.</emphasis>\" according to "
5168 "the condition of your mailbox."
5171 #: login.1.xml:145(para)
5173 "Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the "
5174 "<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> file. The value for <envar>$HOME</envar>, "
5175 "<envar>$SHELL</envar>, <envar>$PATH</envar>, <envar>$LOGNAME</envar>, and "
5176 "<envar>$MAIL</envar> are set according to the appropriate fields in the "
5177 "password entry. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to "
5178 "entries in the GECOS field."
5181 #: login.1.xml:154(para)
5183 "On some installations, the environmental variable <envar>$TERM</envar> will "
5184 "be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in "
5185 "<filename>/etc/ttytype</filename>."
5188 #: login.1.xml:160(para)
5190 "An initialization script for your command interpreter may also be executed. "
5191 "Please see the appropriate manual section for more information on this "
5195 #: login.1.xml:172(para) login.1.xml:248(para)
5197 "The <command>login</command> program is NOT responsible for removing users "
5198 "from the utmp file. It is the responsibility of "
5199 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
5200 "citerefentry> and <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
5201 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> to clean up apparent "
5202 "ownership of a terminal session. If you use <command>login</command> from "
5203 "the shell prompt without <command>exec</command>, the user you use will "
5204 "continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the \"subsession"
5208 #: login.1.xml:195(para)
5209 msgid "Do not perform authentication, user is preauthenticated."
5212 #: login.1.xml:198(para)
5213 msgid "Note: In that case, <replaceable>username</replaceable> is mandatory."
5216 #: login.1.xml:206(option)
5220 #: login.1.xml:209(para)
5221 msgid "Name of the remote host for this login."
5224 #: login.1.xml:217(para)
5225 msgid "Preserve environment."
5228 #: login.1.xml:225(para)
5229 msgid "Perform autologin protocol for rlogin."
5232 #: login.1.xml:230(para)
5234 "The <option>-r</option>, <option>-h</option> and <option>-f</option> options "
5235 "are only used when <command>login</command> is invoked by root."
5238 #: login.1.xml:239(para)
5240 "This version of <command>login</command> has many compilation options, only "
5241 "some of which may be in use at any particular site."
5244 #: login.1.xml:244(para)
5246 "The location of files is subject to differences in system configuration."
5249 #: login.1.xml:260(para)
5251 "As with any program, <command>login</command>'s appearance can be faked. If "
5252 "non-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use "
5253 "this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the "
5254 "machine. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a "
5255 "trusted path and prevent this kind of attack."
5258 #: login.1.xml:325(filename)
5259 msgid "/var/log/wtmp"
5260 msgstr "/var/log/wtmp"
5262 #: login.1.xml:327(para)
5263 msgid "List of previous login sessions."
5266 #: login.1.xml:343(filename)
5270 #: login.1.xml:345(para)
5271 msgid "System message of the day file."
5274 #: login.1.xml:349(filename)
5275 msgid "/etc/nologin"
5276 msgstr "/etc/nologin"
5278 #: login.1.xml:351(para)
5279 msgid "Prevent non-root users from logging in."
5282 #: login.1.xml:355(filename)
5283 msgid "/etc/ttytype"
5284 msgstr "/etc/ttytype"
5286 #: login.1.xml:357(para)
5287 msgid "List of terminal types."
5290 #: login.1.xml:361(filename)
5291 msgid "$HOME/.hushlogin"
5292 msgstr "$HOME/.hushlogin"
5294 #: login.1.xml:363(para)
5295 msgid "Suppress printing of system messages."
5298 #: login.1.xml:371(para)
5300 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5301 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5302 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5303 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5304 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
5305 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
5306 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5307 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5308 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5309 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5310 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5311 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</"
5312 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5314 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mail</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5315 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5316 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5317 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5318 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
5319 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
5320 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5321 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>nologin</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5322 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5323 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5324 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>securetty</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5325 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getty</"
5326 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5328 #: limits.5.xml:35(refentrytitle) limits.5.xml:40(refname)
5332 #: limits.5.xml:41(refpurpose)
5333 msgid "resource limits definition"
5336 #: limits.5.xml:47(para)
5338 "The <emphasis remap=\"I\">limits</emphasis> file (<filename>/etc/limits</"
5339 "filename> by default or LIMITS_FILE defined <filename>config.h</filename>) "
5340 "describes the resource limits you wish to impose. It should be owned by root "
5341 "and readable by root account only."
5344 #: limits.5.xml:55(para)
5346 "By default no quota is imposed on 'root'. In fact, there is no way to impose "
5347 "limits via this procedure to root-equiv accounts (accounts with UID 0)."
5350 #: limits.5.xml:61(para)
5351 msgid "Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:"
5354 #: limits.5.xml:64(emphasis)
5355 msgid "user LIMITS_STRING"
5358 #: limits.5.xml:67(para)
5360 "The <emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis> is a string of a concatenated list of "
5361 "resource limits. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a "
5365 #: limits.5.xml:73(para)
5366 msgid "The valid identifiers are:"
5369 #: limits.5.xml:76(para)
5370 msgid "A: max address space (KB)"
5373 #: limits.5.xml:77(para)
5374 msgid "C: max core file size (KB)"
5377 #: limits.5.xml:78(para)
5378 msgid "D: max data size (KB)"
5381 #: limits.5.xml:79(para)
5382 msgid "F: maximum filesize (KB)"
5385 #: limits.5.xml:80(para)
5386 msgid "M: max locked-in-memory address space (KB)"
5389 #: limits.5.xml:81(para)
5390 msgid "N: max number of open files"
5393 #: limits.5.xml:82(para)
5394 msgid "R: max resident set size (KB)"
5397 #: limits.5.xml:83(para)
5398 msgid "S: max stack size (KB)"
5401 #: limits.5.xml:84(para)
5402 msgid "T: max CPU time (MIN)"
5405 #: limits.5.xml:85(para)
5406 msgid "U: max number of processes"
5409 #: limits.5.xml:86(para)
5411 "K: file creation mask, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>umask</"
5412 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5415 #: limits.5.xml:91(para)
5416 msgid "L: max number of logins for this user"
5419 #: limits.5.xml:92(para)
5421 "P: process priority, set by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
5422 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5425 #: limits.5.xml:97(para)
5426 msgid "I: max nice value (0..39 which translates to 20..-19)"
5429 #: limits.5.xml:99(para)
5430 msgid "O: max real time priority"
5433 #: limits.5.xml:102(para)
5435 "For example, <emphasis remap=\"I\">L2D2048N5</emphasis> is a valid "
5436 "<emphasis>LIMITS_STRING</emphasis>. For reading convenience, the following "
5437 "entries are equivalent:"
5440 #: limits.5.xml:108(programlisting)
5444 " username L2D2048N5\n"
5445 " username L2 D2048 N5\n"
5449 " username L2D2048N5\n"
5450 " username L2 D2048 N5\n"
5453 #: limits.5.xml:113(para)
5455 "Be aware that after <emphasis remap=\"I\">username</emphasis> the rest of "
5456 "the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed. A "
5457 "invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the "
5458 "<command>login</command> program."
5461 #: limits.5.xml:120(para)
5463 "The default entry is denoted by username \"<emphasis>*</emphasis>\". If you "
5464 "have multiple <emphasis remap=\"I\">default</emphasis> entries in your "
5465 "<emphasis>LIMITS_FILE</emphasis>, then the last one will be used as the "
5469 #: limits.5.xml:127(para)
5471 "To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash \"<emphasis>-</"
5472 "emphasis>\" will do."
5475 #: limits.5.xml:132(para)
5477 "Also, please note that all limit settings are set PER LOGIN. They are not "
5478 "global, nor are they permanent. Perhaps global limits will come, but for now "
5479 "this will have to do ;)"
5482 #: limits.5.xml:143(filename)
5484 msgstr "/etc/limits"
5486 #: limits.5.xml:151(para)
5488 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5489 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
5490 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5491 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
5492 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5494 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5495 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>setpriority</"
5496 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5497 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>setrlimit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
5498 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5500 #: lastlog.8.xml:35(refentrytitle) lastlog.8.xml:40(refname)
5501 #: lastlog.8.xml:46(command)
5505 #: lastlog.8.xml:41(refpurpose)
5506 msgid "reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user"
5508 "wyświetla informacje o ostanim logowaniu dla wybranego lub wszystkich "
5511 #: lastlog.8.xml:55(para)
5513 "<command>lastlog</command> formats and prints the contents of the last login "
5514 "log <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file. The <emphasis>login-name</"
5515 "emphasis>, <emphasis>port</emphasis>, and <emphasis>last login time</"
5516 "emphasis> will be printed. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to "
5517 "be printed, sorted by their order in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>."
5519 "Polecenie <command>lastlog</command> formatuje i wyświetla zawartość bazy "
5520 "ostatnich logowań zapisanych w pliku <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename>. "
5521 "Wyświetlone zostaną <emphasis>nazwa użytkownika</emphasis>, <emphasis>port</"
5522 "emphasis> i <emphasis>czas</emphasis> ostatniego logowania. Domyślnie (bez "
5523 "flag) pozycje wyświetlane są w kolejności w jakiej są w pliku <filename>/etc/"
5524 "passwd</filename>."
5526 #: lastlog.8.xml:67(para)
5527 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>lastlog</command> command are:"
5528 msgstr "Polecenie <command>lastlog</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
5530 #: lastlog.8.xml:72(term)
5532 "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option><replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>"
5534 "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option><replaceable>DNI</replaceable>"
5536 #: lastlog.8.xml:76(para)
5538 "Print only lastlog records older than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</emphasis>."
5540 "Wyświetlenie rekordów lastlog starszych niż zadana <emphasis remap=\"I"
5541 "\">DNI</emphasis>."
5543 #: lastlog.8.xml:90(term) faillog.8.xml:142(term)
5545 "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option><replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>"
5547 "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option><replaceable>DNI</replaceable>"
5549 #: lastlog.8.xml:95(para)
5551 "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
5554 "Wyświetlenie rekordów lastlog nie starszych niż zadana ilość <emphasis remap="
5555 "\"I\">DNI</emphasis>."
5557 #: lastlog.8.xml:102(term) faillog.8.xml:153(term)
5560 #| "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option><replaceable>KEY</"
5561 #| "replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>"
5563 "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>|"
5564 "<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable>"
5566 "<option>-K</option>, <option>--key</option><replaceable>KLUCZ</"
5567 "replaceable>=<replaceable>WARTOŚĆ</replaceable>"
5569 #: lastlog.8.xml:107(para)
5572 #| "Print the lastlog record for user with specified <emphasis remap=\"I"
5573 #| "\">LOGIN</emphasis> only."
5574 msgid "Print the lastlog record of the specified user(s)."
5576 "Wyświetlenie informacji o ostanim logowaniu dla użytkownika "
5577 "<replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable>."
5579 #: lastlog.8.xml:110(para) faillog.8.xml:163(para)
5581 "The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a "
5582 "<replaceable>RANGE</replaceable> of users. This <replaceable>RANGE</"
5583 "replaceable> of users can be specified with a min and max values "
5584 "(<replaceable>UID_MIN-UID_MAX</replaceable>), a max value (<replaceable>-"
5585 "UID_MAX</replaceable>), or a min value (<replaceable>UID_MIN-</replaceable>)."
5588 #: lastlog.8.xml:122(para)
5590 "If the user has never logged in the message <emphasis>** Never logged in**</"
5591 "emphasis> will be displayed instead of the port and time."
5593 "Jeżeli użytkownik nigdy się nie logował to zamiast portu i czasu \n"
5594 "logowania wyświetlany jest komunikat <emphasis>**Nigdy nie zalogowany**</"
5595 "emphasis> (użytkownik nigdy się nie logował)."
5597 #: lastlog.8.xml:127(para)
5599 "Only the entries for the current users of the system will be displayed. "
5600 "Other entries may exist for users that were deleted previously."
5603 #: lastlog.8.xml:135(title) groups.1.xml:65(title) chsh.1.xml:106(title)
5604 #: chage.1.xml:193(title)
5608 #: lastlog.8.xml:136(para)
5610 "The <filename>lastlog</filename> file is a database which contains info on "
5611 "the last login of each user. You should not rotate it. It is a sparse file, "
5612 "so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "
5613 "\"<command>ls -l</command>\" (which can indicate a really big file if you "
5614 "have in <filename>passwd</filename> users with a high UID). You can display "
5615 "its real size with \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
5617 "Baza danych <filename>lastlog</filename> jest plikiem zawierajacym "
5618 "informacje o ostanim logowaniu każdego użytkowanika. Pliku tego nie powinnoa "
5619 "się okresowo kasować i zakąłdać od nowa (rotacja). Plik ten jest plikiem z "
5620 "dziurami tak więc jego rozmiar jest zwykle znacznie mniejszy pokazywany "
5621 "przez polecenie \"<command>ls -l</command>\" (pokazujące że jest on dużych "
5622 "rozmiarów jeżeli masz w <filename>passwd</filename> użytkowaników z wysokimi "
5623 "wartościami UID). Mozesz wyświetlić rzeczywisty rozmiar tego pliku używając "
5624 "polecenia \"<command>ls -s</command>\"."
5626 #: lastlog.8.xml:150(filename)
5627 msgid "/var/log/lastlog"
5628 msgstr "/var/log/lastlog"
5630 #: lastlog.8.xml:152(para)
5631 msgid "Database times of previous user logins."
5632 msgstr "Baza danych ostatnich logowań użytkowników."
5634 #: lastlog.8.xml:160(para)
5636 "Large gaps in UID numbers will cause the lastlog program to run longer with "
5637 "no output to the screen (i.e. if in lastlog database there is no entries for "
5638 "users with UID between 170 and 800 lastlog will appear to hang as it "
5639 "processes entries with UIDs 171-799)."
5641 "Duże luki w numeracji UID powodują, że program będzie pracował dłużej, nie "
5642 "wyświetlając wyników (np. jeśli w bazie lastlog nie ma wpisów dla o UID "
5643 "pomiedzy 170, a 800, to program będzie sprawiał wrażenie zawieszonego w "
5644 "trakcie przetwarzania wpisów dla użytkowanikół o UID 171-799)."
5646 #: gshadow.5.xml:33(refentrytitle) gshadow.5.xml:38(refname)
5650 #: gshadow.5.xml:39(refpurpose)
5651 msgid "shadowed group file"
5654 #: gshadow.5.xml:44(para)
5656 "<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information for "
5657 "group accounts. It contains lines with the following colon-separated fields:"
5660 #: gshadow.5.xml:51(para)
5662 msgstr "nazwa grupy"
5664 #: gshadow.5.xml:57(para)
5665 msgid "comma-separated list of group administrators"
5668 #: gshadow.5.xml:60(para)
5669 msgid "comma-separated list of group members"
5672 #: gshadow.5.xml:64(para)
5674 "The group name and password fields must be filled. The encrypted password "
5675 "consists of characters from the 64-character alphabet a thru z, A thru Z, 0 "
5676 "thru 9, \\. and /. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
5677 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how "
5678 "this string is interpreted. If the password field contains some string that "
5679 "is not valid result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
5680 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *, "
5681 "the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in, subject to "
5682 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pam</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></"
5686 #: gshadow.5.xml:77(para)
5688 "This information supersedes any password present in <filename>/etc/group</"
5692 #: gshadow.5.xml:108(para)
5695 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5696 #| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
5697 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5698 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5699 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5700 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5701 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5702 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5704 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5705 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
5706 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5707 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
5708 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpconv</"
5709 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5710 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5713 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5714 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
5715 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5716 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5717 "manvolnum></citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5718 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5719 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
5722 #: grpck.8.xml:44(refpurpose)
5723 msgid "verify integrity of group files"
5726 #: grpck.8.xml:70(para)
5728 "The <command>grpck</command> command verifies the integrity of the system "
5729 "authentication information. All entries in <filename>/etc/group</"
5730 "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
5731 "filename></phrase> are checked to see that the entry has the proper format "
5732 "and valid data in each field. The user is prompted to delete entries that "
5733 "are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors."
5736 #: grpck.8.xml:87(para)
5737 msgid "a unique group name"
5740 #: grpck.8.xml:90(para)
5741 msgid "a valid list of members and administrators"
5744 #: grpck.8.xml:94(para)
5746 "The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal. If "
5747 "the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to "
5748 "delete the entire line. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all "
5749 "further checks are bypassed. An entry with a duplicated group name is "
5750 "prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made. All "
5751 "other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the "
5752 "<command>groupmod</command> command to correct the error."
5755 #: grpck.8.xml:105(para)
5757 "The commands which operate on the <filename>/etc/group</filename> file are "
5758 "not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries. <command>grpck</command> "
5759 "should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry."
5762 #: grpck.8.xml:115(para)
5764 #| msgid "The options which apply to the <command>pwck</command> command are:"
5765 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>grpck</command> command are:"
5766 msgstr "Polecenie <command>pwck</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
5768 #: grpck.8.xml:122(para)
5770 "Execute the <command>grpck</command> command in read-only mode. This causes "
5771 "all questions regarding changes to be answered <emphasis>no</emphasis> "
5772 "without user intervention."
5775 #: grpck.8.xml:132(para)
5777 "Sort entries in <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow"
5778 "\">and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></phrase> by GID."
5781 #: grpck.8.xml:141(para)
5783 "By default, <command>grpck</command> operates on <filename>/etc/group</"
5784 "filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
5785 "filename></phrase>. The user may select alternate files with the <emphasis "
5786 "remap=\"I\">group</emphasis><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">parameter.</"
5787 "phrase><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">and <emphasis remap=\"I\">shadow</"
5788 "emphasis> parameters.</phrase>"
5791 #: grpck.8.xml:191(para)
5794 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5795 #| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
5796 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5797 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5798 #| "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
5799 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5800 #| "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5801 #| "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
5802 #| "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5804 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
5805 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
5806 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
5807 "condition=\"gshadow\"><refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
5808 "manvolnum>, </citerefentry><citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
5809 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5810 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
5811 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
5812 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5814 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5815 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
5816 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5817 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5818 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
5819 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5820 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
5821 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
5822 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5824 #: grpck.8.xml:233(para)
5825 msgid "one or more bad group entries"
5828 #: grpck.8.xml:239(para)
5829 msgid "can't open group files"
5832 #: grpck.8.xml:245(para)
5833 msgid "can't lock group files"
5836 #: grpck.8.xml:251(para)
5837 msgid "can't update group files"
5840 #: grpck.8.xml:215(para)
5842 "The <command>grpck</command> command exits with the following values: "
5845 "Polecenie <command>grpckl</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
5846 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
5848 #: groups.1.xml:34(refentrytitle) groups.1.xml:39(refname)
5849 #: groups.1.xml:45(command)
5853 #: groups.1.xml:40(refpurpose)
5854 msgid "display current group names"
5857 #: groups.1.xml:47(replaceable) chfn.1.xml:58(replaceable)
5861 #: groups.1.xml:54(para)
5863 "The <command>groups</command> command displays the current group names or ID "
5864 "values. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in <filename>/etc/"
5865 "group</filename>, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value. "
5866 "The optional <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis> parameter will display "
5867 "the groups for the named <emphasis remap=\"I\">user</emphasis>."
5870 #: groups.1.xml:66(para)
5872 "Systems which do not support concurrent group sets will have the information "
5873 "from <filename>/etc/group</filename> reported. The user must use "
5874 "<command>newgrp</command> or <command>sg</command> to change their current "
5875 "real and effective group ID."
5878 #: groups.1.xml:88(para)
5880 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5881 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
5882 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5883 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
5884 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
5885 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5887 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5888 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgid</"
5889 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5890 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getgroups</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</"
5891 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getuid</"
5892 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5894 #: groupmod.8.xml:44(refpurpose)
5895 msgid "modify a group definition on the system"
5896 msgstr "modyfikuj definicję grupy systemowej"
5898 #: groupmod.8.xml:53(replaceable)
5902 #: groupmod.8.xml:59(para)
5904 "The <command>groupmod</command> command modifies the definition of the "
5905 "specified <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> by modifying the appropriate "
5906 "entry in the group database."
5908 "Polcenie <command>groupmod</command> modifikuje definicję grupy "
5909 "<replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> poprzez modifikację stosownego wpisu w "
5912 #: groupmod.8.xml:68(para)
5913 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>groupmod</command> command are:"
5914 msgstr "Polecenie <command>groupmod</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
5916 #: groupmod.8.xml:74(term) groupadd.8.xml:92(term)
5918 "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option><replaceable>GID</replaceable>"
5920 "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option><replaceable>GID</replaceable>"
5922 #: groupmod.8.xml:78(para)
5925 "The group ID of the given <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> will be changed "
5926 "to <replaceable>GID</replaceable>. The value of <replaceable>GID</"
5927 "replaceable> must be a non-negative decimal integer. This value must be "
5928 "unique, unless the <option>-o</option> option is used. Values between 0 and "
5929 "999 are typically reserved for system groups. Any files that have the old "
5930 "group ID and must continue to belong to <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable>, "
5931 "must have their group ID changed manually."
5933 "Nowa wartość ID grupy <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable>. Numeryczna wartość "
5934 "<replaceable>GID</replaceable> musi mieć nieujemną wartość całkowitą. "
5935 "Wartość ta musi być unikalna chyba że użyto opcji <option>-o</option>. "
5936 "Wartości pomiędzy 0 a 999 są zwykle zarezerwowane dla grup systemowych. "
5937 "Pliki, dla których stary identyfikator jest identyfikatorem grupy pliku, "
5938 "wymagają ręcznej zmiany ID grupy."
5940 #: groupmod.8.xml:99(term)
5942 "<option>-n</option>, <option>--new-name</option><replaceable>NEW_GROUP</"
5945 "<option>-a</option>, <option>--append</option><replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</"
5948 #: groupmod.8.xml:104(para)
5950 "The name of the group will be changed from <replaceable>GROUP</replaceable> "
5951 "to <replaceable>NEW_GROUP</replaceable> name."
5953 "Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
5954 "<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
5956 #: groupmod.8.xml:115(para)
5959 "When used with the <option>-g</option> option, allow to change the group "
5960 "<replaceable>GID</replaceable> to a non-unique value."
5962 "Użyte z opcją <option>-g</option> umożliwia zmiane <replaceable>GID</"
5963 "replaceable> grupy na wartość nieunikalną."
5965 #: groupmod.8.xml:210(para)
5966 msgid "group name already in use"
5967 msgstr "nazwa grupy już jest w użyciu"
5969 #: groupmod.8.xml:174(para)
5971 "The <command>groupmod</command> command exits with the following values: "
5974 "Polecenie <command>groupmod</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
5975 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
5977 #: groupmod.8.xml:225(para)
5979 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5980 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
5981 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5982 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5983 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
5984 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5985 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
5986 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
5987 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5988 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
5989 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
5990 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5991 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
5992 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
5994 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5995 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
5996 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
5997 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
5998 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
5999 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6000 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6001 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
6002 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6003 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6004 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
6005 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6006 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6007 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6009 #: groupmems.8.xml:44(refpurpose)
6010 msgid "administer members of a user's primary group"
6013 #: groupmems.8.xml:51(replaceable) groupmems.8.xml:52(replaceable)
6017 #: groupmems.8.xml:51(arg)
6018 msgid "-a <placeholder-1/>"
6019 msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
6021 #: groupmems.8.xml:52(arg)
6022 msgid "-d <placeholder-1/>"
6023 msgstr "-d <placeholder-1/>"
6025 #: groupmems.8.xml:53(replaceable)
6029 #: groupmems.8.xml:53(arg)
6030 msgid "-g <placeholder-1/>"
6031 msgstr "-g <placeholder-1/>"
6033 #: groupmems.8.xml:54(arg)
6037 #: groupmems.8.xml:61(para)
6039 "The <command>groupmems</command> command allows a user to administer his/her "
6040 "own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges. "
6041 "The <command>groupmems</command> utility is for systems that configure its "
6042 "users to be in their own name sake primary group (i.e., guest / guest)."
6045 #: groupmems.8.xml:69(para)
6047 "Only the superuser, as administrator, can use <command>groupmems</command> "
6048 "to alter the memberships of other groups."
6051 #: groupmems.8.xml:76(para)
6053 "The options which apply to the <command>groupmems</command> command are:"
6054 msgstr "Polecenie <command>groupmems</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
6056 #: groupmems.8.xml:82(term)
6059 #| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
6061 "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option><replaceable>user_name</"
6064 "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
6066 #: groupmems.8.xml:84(para)
6067 msgid "Add an user to the group membership list."
6070 #: groupmems.8.xml:85(para) groupmems.8.xml:101(para)
6071 #: groupmems.8.xml:126(para)
6073 "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, and the group has no "
6074 "entry in the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file, a new entry will be "
6078 #: groupmems.8.xml:93(term)
6081 #| "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option><replaceable>DAYS</"
6084 "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option><replaceable>user_name</"
6087 "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option><replaceable>DNI</replaceable>"
6089 #: groupmems.8.xml:95(para)
6090 msgid "Delete a user from the group membership list."
6093 #: groupmems.8.xml:96(para)
6095 "If the <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> file exist, the user will be "
6096 "removed from the list of members and administrators of the group."
6099 #: groupmems.8.xml:109(term)
6102 #| "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option><replaceable>GID</replaceable>"
6104 "<option>-g</option>, <option>--group</option><replaceable>group_name</"
6107 "<option>-g</option>, <option>--gid</option><replaceable>GID</replaceable>"
6109 #: groupmems.8.xml:111(para)
6110 msgid "The superuser can specify which group membership list to modify."
6113 #: groupmems.8.xml:117(term) chage.1.xml:128(term)
6114 msgid "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
6115 msgstr "<option>-l</option>, <option>--list</option>"
6117 #: groupmems.8.xml:119(para)
6118 msgid "List the group membership list."
6121 #: groupmems.8.xml:123(term)
6123 #| msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
6124 msgid "<option>-p</option>, <option>--purge</option>"
6125 msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--expire</option>"
6127 #: groupmems.8.xml:125(para)
6128 msgid "Purge all users from the group membership list."
6131 #: groupmems.8.xml:137(title)
6135 #: groupmems.8.xml:138(para)
6137 "The <command>groupmems</command> executable should be in mode <literal>2770</"
6138 "literal> as user <emphasis>root</emphasis> and in group <emphasis>groups</"
6139 "emphasis>. The system administrator can add users to group <emphasis>groups</"
6140 "emphasis> to allow or disallow them using the <command>groupmems</command> "
6141 "utility to manage their own group membership list."
6144 #: groupmems.8.xml:147(programlisting)
6148 "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
6149 "\t$ chmod 2770 groupmems\n"
6150 "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
6151 "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
6155 "\t$ groupadd -r groups\n"
6156 "\t$ chmod 2770 groupmems\n"
6157 "\t$ chown root.groups groupmems\n"
6158 "\t$ groupmems -g groups -a gk4\n"
6161 #: groupmems.8.xml:179(para)
6162 msgid "secure group account information"
6165 #: groupmems.8.xml:187(para)
6167 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6168 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
6169 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6170 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6171 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
6172 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6173 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6174 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
6175 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6176 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6177 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
6178 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6180 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6181 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
6182 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6183 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6184 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
6185 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6186 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6187 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
6188 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6189 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6190 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
6191 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6193 #: groupdel.8.xml:44(refpurpose)
6194 msgid "delete a group"
6197 #: groupdel.8.xml:58(para)
6199 "The <command>groupdel</command> command modifies the system account files, "
6200 "deleting all entries that refer to <emphasis remap=\"I\">group</emphasis>. "
6201 "The named group must exist."
6204 #: groupdel.8.xml:63(para)
6206 "You must manually check all file systems to insure that no files remain with "
6207 "the named group as the file group ID."
6210 #: groupdel.8.xml:70(para)
6212 "You may not remove the primary group of any existing user. You must remove "
6213 "the user before you remove the group."
6216 #: groupdel.8.xml:131(para)
6217 msgid "can't remove user's primary group"
6220 #: groupdel.8.xml:107(para)
6222 "The <command>groupdel</command> command exits with the following values: "
6225 "Polecenie <command>groupdel</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
6226 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
6228 #: groupdel.8.xml:146(para)
6230 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6231 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
6232 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6233 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6234 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
6235 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6236 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6237 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
6238 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6239 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6240 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
6241 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6242 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6243 "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
6245 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6246 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
6247 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6248 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6249 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
6250 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6251 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6252 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
6253 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6254 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6255 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</"
6256 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6257 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6258 "manvolnum></citerefentry>"
6260 #: groupadd.8.xml:48(refpurpose)
6261 msgid "create a new group"
6262 msgstr "twółrz nową grupę"
6264 #: groupadd.8.xml:63(para)
6266 "The <command>groupadd</command> command creates a new group account using "
6267 "the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the "
6268 "system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed."
6271 #: groupadd.8.xml:72(para)
6272 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>groupadd</command> command are:"
6273 msgstr "Polecenie <command>groupadd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
6275 #: groupadd.8.xml:82(para)
6277 "This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the "
6278 "specified group already exists. When used with <option>-g</option>, and the "
6279 "specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i.e. <option>-"
6280 "g</option> is turned off)."
6283 #: groupadd.8.xml:96(para)
6285 "The numerical value of the group's ID. This value must be unique, unless the "
6286 "<option>-o</option> option is used. The value must be non-negative. The "
6287 "default is to use the smallest ID value greater than 999 and greater than "
6288 "every other group. Values between 0 and 999 are typically reserved for "
6292 #: groupadd.8.xml:116(para)
6294 "Overrides <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename> defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX "
6295 "and others). Multiple <option>-K</option> options can be specified."
6298 #: groupadd.8.xml:121(para)
6300 "Example: <option>-K </option><replaceable>GID_MIN</"
6301 "replaceable>=<replaceable>100</replaceable><option> -K </"
6302 "option><replaceable>GID_MAX</replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable>"
6305 #: groupadd.8.xml:125(para)
6307 "Note: <option>-K </option><replaceable>GID_MIN</"
6308 "replaceable>=<replaceable>10</replaceable>,<replaceable>GID_MAX</"
6309 "replaceable>=<replaceable>499</replaceable> doesn't work yet."
6312 #: groupadd.8.xml:137(para)
6313 msgid "This option permits to add a group with a non-unique GID."
6316 #: groupadd.8.xml:148(para)
6319 "The encrypted password, as returned by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</"
6320 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The default is to "
6321 "disable the password."
6323 "Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
6324 "jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
6325 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6327 #: groupadd.8.xml:165(para)
6329 #| msgid "create a new group"
6330 msgid "Create a system group."
6331 msgstr "twółrz nową grupę"
6333 #: groupadd.8.xml:168(para)
6335 "The numeric identifiers of new system groups are choosen in the "
6336 "<option>SYS_GID_MIN</option>-<option>SYS_GID_MAX</option> range, defined in "
6337 "<filename>login.defs</filename>, instead of <option>GID_MIN</option>-"
6338 "<option>GID_MAX</option>."
6341 #: groupadd.8.xml:219(para)
6343 "Groupnames must begin with a lower case letter or an underscore, and only "
6344 "lower case letters, underscores, dashes, and dollar signs may follow. In "
6345 "regular expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?"
6348 #: groupadd.8.xml:224(para)
6349 msgid "Groupnames may only be up to &GROUP_NAME_MAX_LENGTH; characters long."
6352 #: groupadd.8.xml:227(para)
6354 "You may not add a NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the "
6355 "corresponding server."
6358 #: groupadd.8.xml:231(para)
6360 "If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or "
6361 "LDAP, <command>groupadd</command> will deny the group creation request."
6364 #: groupadd.8.xml:264(para)
6365 msgid "GID not unique (when <option>-o</option> not used)"
6368 #: groupadd.8.xml:270(para)
6369 msgid "group name not unique"
6372 #: groupadd.8.xml:240(para)
6374 "The <command>groupadd</command> command exits with the following values: "
6377 "Polecenie <command>groupadd</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
6378 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
6380 #: groupadd.8.xml:285(para)
6382 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6383 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
6384 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6385 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6386 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
6387 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6388 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6389 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
6390 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6391 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
6392 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
6393 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6394 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6395 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
6396 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6398 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6399 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
6400 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6401 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6402 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
6403 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6404 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6405 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
6406 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6407 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
6408 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
6409 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6410 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>userdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6411 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
6412 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6414 #: gpasswd.1.xml:50(phrase)
6416 msgid "and <placeholder-1/> files"
6417 msgstr "-a <placeholder-1/>"
6419 #: gpasswd.1.xml:52(phrase)
6423 #: gpasswd.1.xml:48(refpurpose)
6425 msgid "administer the <placeholder-1/><placeholder-2/><placeholder-3/>"
6426 msgstr "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
6428 #: gpasswd.1.xml:60(replaceable)
6433 #: gpasswd.1.xml:70(para)
6435 "The <command>gpasswd</command> command is used to administer <filename>/etc/"
6436 "group</filename><phrase condition=\"gshadow\">, and <filename>/etc/gshadow</"
6437 "filename></phrase>. Every group can have <phrase condition=\"gshadow"
6438 "\">administrators,</phrase> members and a password."
6441 #: gpasswd.1.xml:78(para)
6443 "System administrator can use the <option>-A</option> option to define group "
6444 "administrator(s) and the <option>-M</option> option to define members and "
6445 "has all rights of group administrators and members."
6448 #: gpasswd.1.xml:83(para)
6450 "<command>gpasswd</command> called by <phrase condition=\"gshadow\">a group "
6451 "administrator</phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">a system "
6452 "administrator</phrase> with a group name only prompts for the new password "
6453 "of the <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
6456 #: gpasswd.1.xml:90(para)
6459 "If a password is set the members can still "
6460 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6461 "citerefentry> without a password, and non-members must supply the password."
6463 "Nowa wartość pola komentarza dla danego użytkownika w pliku haseł. Zwykle "
6464 "jest zmieniana przy pomocy polecenia <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</"
6465 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6467 #: gpasswd.1.xml:98(title)
6468 msgid "Notes about group passwords"
6471 #: gpasswd.1.xml:99(para)
6473 "Group passwords are an inherent security problem since more than one person "
6474 "is permitted to know the password. However, groups are a useful tool for "
6475 "permitting co-operation between different users."
6478 #: gpasswd.1.xml:110(para)
6481 "Except for the <option>-A</option> and <option>-M</option> options, the "
6482 "options cannot be combined."
6483 msgstr "<option>-</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>--login</option>"
6485 #: gpasswd.1.xml:114(para)
6486 msgid "The options cannot be combined."
6489 #: gpasswd.1.xml:117(para)
6491 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>gpasswd</command> command are:"
6492 msgstr "Polecenie <command>passwd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
6494 #: gpasswd.1.xml:122(term)
6497 #| "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
6499 "<option>-a</option>, <option>--add</option><replaceable>user</replaceable>"
6501 "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
6503 #: gpasswd.1.xml:126(para)
6506 "Add the <replaceable>user</replaceable> to the named <replaceable>group</"
6509 "Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
6510 "<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
6512 #: gpasswd.1.xml:135(term)
6515 #| "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option><replaceable>DAYS</"
6518 "<option>-d</option>, <option>--delete</option><replaceable>user</replaceable>"
6520 "<option>-t</option>, <option>--time</option><replaceable>DNI</replaceable>"
6522 #: gpasswd.1.xml:139(para)
6525 "Remove the <replaceable>user</replaceable> from the named "
6526 "<replaceable>group</replaceable>."
6528 "Nazwa grupy zostanie zmieniona z <replaceable>GRUPA</replaceable> na nazwę "
6529 "<replaceable>NOWA_GRUPA</replaceable>."
6531 #: gpasswd.1.xml:148(term)
6533 #| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
6534 msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove-password</option>"
6535 msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--remove</option>"
6537 #: gpasswd.1.xml:152(para)
6539 "Remove the password from the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. Only "
6540 "group members will be allowed to use <command>newgrp</command> to join the "
6541 "named <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
6544 #: gpasswd.1.xml:163(term)
6546 #| msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
6547 msgid "<option>-R</option>, <option>--restrict</option>"
6548 msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
6550 #: gpasswd.1.xml:167(para)
6552 "Restrict the access to the named <replaceable>group</replaceable>. Only "
6553 "group members will be allowed to use <command>newgrp</command> to join the "
6554 "named <replaceable>group</replaceable>."
6557 #: gpasswd.1.xml:178(term)
6560 #| "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option><replaceable>MIN_DAYS</"
6563 "<option>-A</option>, <option>--administrators</option><replaceable>user</"
6566 "<option>-m</option>, <option>--mindays</option><replaceable>MIN_DNI</"
6569 #: gpasswd.1.xml:182(para)
6570 msgid "Set the list of administrative users."
6573 #: gpasswd.1.xml:190(term)
6576 #| "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option><replaceable>DAYS</"
6579 "<option>-M</option>, <option>--members</option><replaceable>user</"
6582 "<option>-b</option>, <option>--before</option><replaceable>DNI</replaceable>"
6584 #: gpasswd.1.xml:194(para)
6585 msgid "Set the list of group members."
6588 #: gpasswd.1.xml:204(para)
6590 "This tool only operates on the <filename>/etc/group</filename><phrase "
6591 "condition=\"gshadow\"> and <filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> files.</"
6592 "phrase><phrase condition=\"no_gshadow\">file.</phrase> Thus you cannot "
6593 "change any NIS or LDAP group. This must be performed on the corresponding "
6597 #: gpasswd.1.xml:249(para)
6600 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6601 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
6602 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6603 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6604 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
6605 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6606 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
6607 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</"
6608 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry><phrase condition="
6609 "\"gshadow\">, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
6610 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry></phrase>."
6612 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6613 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gshadow</"
6614 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6615 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6616 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupdel</"
6617 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6618 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
6619 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>grpck</"
6620 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6621 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
6624 #: faillog.8.xml:34(refentrytitle) faillog.8.xml:39(refname)
6625 #: faillog.8.xml:45(command) faillog.5.xml:34(refentrytitle)
6626 #: faillog.5.xml:39(refname) faillog.5.xml:82(refentrytitle)
6630 #: faillog.8.xml:40(refpurpose)
6631 msgid "display faillog records or set login failure limits"
6634 #: faillog.8.xml:54(para)
6636 "<command>faillog</command> formats the contents of the failure log from "
6637 "<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> database. It also can be used for "
6638 "maintains failure counters and limits. Run <command>faillog</command> "
6639 "without arguments display only list of user faillog records who have ever "
6640 "had a login failure."
6643 #: faillog.8.xml:65(para)
6644 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>faillog</command> command are:"
6645 msgstr "Polecenie <command>faillog</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
6647 #: faillog.8.xml:73(para)
6649 "Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the "
6650 "<filename>faillog</filename> database."
6653 #: faillog.8.xml:86(term)
6655 "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-time</option><replaceable>SEC</"
6658 "<option>-l</option>, <option>--lock-time</option><replaceable>SEK</"
6661 #: faillog.8.xml:91(para)
6663 "Lock account to <replaceable>SEC</replaceable> seconds after failed login."
6666 #: faillog.8.xml:95(para) faillog.8.xml:121(para) faillog.8.xml:135(para)
6668 "Write access to <filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> is required for this "
6672 #: faillog.8.xml:102(term)
6674 "<option>-m</option>, <option>--maximum</option><replaceable>MAX</replaceable>"
6677 #: faillog.8.xml:107(para)
6679 "Set maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to "
6680 "<replaceable>MAX</replaceable>."
6683 #: faillog.8.xml:111(para)
6685 "Selecting a <replaceable>MAX</replaceable> value of 0 has the effect of not "
6686 "placing a limit on the number of failed logins."
6689 #: faillog.8.xml:116(para)
6691 "The maximum failure count should always be 0 for <emphasis>root</emphasis> "
6692 "to prevent a denial of services attack against the system."
6695 #: faillog.8.xml:128(term)
6696 msgid "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
6697 msgstr "<option>-r</option>, <option>--reset</option>"
6699 #: faillog.8.xml:130(para)
6701 "Reset the counters of login failures or one record if used with the <option>-"
6702 "u</option><replaceable>LOGIN</replaceable> option."
6705 #: faillog.8.xml:146(para)
6708 #| "Print the lastlog records more recent than <emphasis remap=\"I\">DAYS</"
6711 "Display faillog records more recent than <replaceable>DAYS</replaceable>."
6713 "Wyświetlenie rekordów lastlog nie starszych niż zadana ilość <emphasis remap="
6714 "\"I\">DNI</emphasis>."
6716 #: faillog.8.xml:158(para)
6718 "Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used "
6719 "with <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option> or <option>-r</option> "
6720 "options) only for the specified user(s)."
6723 #: faillog.8.xml:176(para)
6725 "When none of the <option>-l</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-r</"
6726 "option> options are used, <command>faillog</command> displays the faillog "
6727 "record of the specified user(s)."
6730 #: faillog.8.xml:181(para)
6732 "NOTE: in display mode, only the records of users which currently exist in "
6733 "the system are displayed. In the other modes (when the <option>-l</option>, "
6734 "<option>-m</option>, or <option>-r</option> options are used), the records "
6735 "of the user, or the range of users, or all the users that may have an entry "
6736 "in the faillog database will be changed. This is useful to reset records of "
6737 "users that have been deleted or set a policy in advance for a range of users."
6740 #: faillog.8.xml:194(para)
6742 "<command>faillog</command> only prints out users with no successful login "
6743 "since the last failure. To print out a user who has had a successful login "
6744 "since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the "
6745 "<option>-u</option> flag, or print out all users with the <option>-a</"
6749 #: faillog.8.xml:207(filename) faillog.5.xml:70(filename)
6750 msgid "/var/log/faillog"
6751 msgstr "/var/log/faillog"
6753 #: faillog.8.xml:209(para) faillog.5.xml:72(para)
6754 msgid "Failure logging file."
6757 #: faillog.8.xml:217(para)
6759 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6760 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
6761 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6763 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6764 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>faillog</"
6765 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6767 #: faillog.5.xml:40(refpurpose)
6768 msgid "login failure logging file"
6771 #: faillog.5.xml:45(para)
6773 "<filename>/var/log/faillog</filename> maintains a count of login failures "
6774 "and the limits for each account. The file is fixed length record, indexed by "
6775 "numerical UID. Each record contains the count of login failures since the "
6776 "last successful login; the maximum number of failures before the account is "
6777 "disabled; the line the last login failure occurred on; the date the last "
6778 "login failure occurred; and the time in seconds how long the account will be "
6779 "locked after a failure."
6782 #: faillog.5.xml:55(para)
6783 msgid "The structure of the file is:"
6784 msgstr "Struktura tego pliku to:"
6786 #: faillog.5.xml:56(programlisting)
6790 "struct\tfaillog {\n"
6791 "\tshort fail_cnt;\n"
6792 "\tshort fail_max;\n"
6793 "\tchar fail_line[12];\n"
6794 "\ttime_t fail_time;\n"
6795 "\tlong fail_locktime;\n"
6799 "struct\tfaillog {\n"
6800 "\tshort fail_cnt;\n"
6801 "\tshort fail_max;\n"
6802 "\tchar fail_line[12];\n"
6803 "\ttime_t fail_time;\n"
6804 "\tlong fail_locktime;\n"
6807 #: expiry.1.xml:41(refentrytitle) expiry.1.xml:46(refname)
6808 #: expiry.1.xml:52(command)
6812 #: expiry.1.xml:47(refpurpose)
6813 msgid "check and enforce password expiration policy"
6814 msgstr "sprawdzenie ważności i wymuszenie zmiany hasła"
6816 #: expiry.1.xml:60(para)
6818 "The <command>expiry</command> command checks (<option>-c</option>) the "
6819 "current password expiration and forces (<option>-f</option>) changes when "
6820 "required. It is callable as a normal user command."
6822 "Polecenie <command>expiry</command> sprawdza (<option>-c</option>), kiedy "
6823 "wygaśnie aktualne hasło oraz wymusza (<option>-f</option>) lub wymusza jego "
6824 "zmianę.Może ono być wywoływane jako zwykłe polecenie przez użytkownika."
6826 #: expiry.1.xml:87(para) chage.1.xml:262(para)
6828 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
6829 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
6830 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6832 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
6833 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</"
6834 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
6836 #: chsh.1.xml:46(refpurpose)
6837 msgid "change login shell"
6838 msgstr "zmiana powłoki zgłoszeniowej"
6840 #: chsh.1.xml:63(para)
6842 "The <command>chsh</command> command changes the user login shell. This "
6843 "determines the name of the user's initial login command. A normal user may "
6844 "only change the login shell for her own account, the superuser may change "
6845 "the login shell for any account."
6847 "Polecenie <command>chsh</command> zmienia powłokę zgłoszeniową użytkownika, "
6848 "która określa nazwę początkowego polecenia zgłoszeniowego użytkownika. "
6849 "Zwykły użytkownik może zmienić wyłącznie powłokę zgłoszeniową własnego "
6850 "konta, superużytkownik może zmienić powłokę zgłoszeniową dla dowolnego konta."
6852 #: chsh.1.xml:74(para)
6853 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chsh</command> command are:"
6854 msgstr "Polecenie <command>chsh</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
6856 #: chsh.1.xml:96(para)
6858 "If the <option>-s</option> option is not selected, <command>chsh</command> "
6859 "operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current "
6860 "login shell. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line "
6861 "blank to use the current one. The current shell is displayed between a pair "
6862 "of <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
6864 "Jeżeli nie podano opcji <option>-s</option>, to polecenie <command>chsh</"
6865 "command> działa w trybie interaktywnym, proponując użytkownikowi bieżącą "
6866 "powłokę logowania. Wprowadzenie nowej wartości powoduje zmianę powłoki, a "
6867 "podanie wartości pustej pozostawia bieżącą powłokę. Bieżąca powłoka "
6868 "wyświetlana jest w nawiasach <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>"
6870 #: chsh.1.xml:107(para)
6872 "The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must "
6873 "be listed in <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, unless the invoker is the "
6874 "superuser, and then any value may be added. An account with a restricted "
6875 "login shell may not change her login shell. For this reason, placing "
6876 "<filename>/bin/rsh</filename> in <filename>/etc/shells</filename> is "
6877 "discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent "
6878 "the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value."
6880 "Jedynym ograniczeniem nałożonym na powłokę zgłoszeniową jest to, że jej "
6881 "nazwa musi być wymieniona w <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, chyba że "
6882 "polecenie chsh zostało uruchomione przez superużytkownika wówczas może być "
6883 "podana dowolna nazwa. Użytkownicy kont z ograniczoną powłoką logowania nie "
6884 "mogą jej zmieniać. Odradza się z tego powodu umieszczanie <filename>/bin/"
6885 "rsh</filename> w pliku <filename>/etc/shells</filename>, gdyż przypadkowa "
6886 "zmiana na powłokę ograniczoną uniemożliwi użytkownikowi jakąkolwiek zmianę "
6887 "powłoki logowania, nawet z powrotem na dotychczasową."
6889 #: chsh.1.xml:142(filename)
6891 msgstr "/etc/shells"
6893 #: chsh.1.xml:144(para)
6894 msgid "List of valid login shells."
6895 msgstr "Lista dozwolonych powłok zgłoszeniowych."
6897 #: chsh.1.xml:158(para)
6899 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6900 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
6901 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6902 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
6905 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chfn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
6906 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
6907 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
6908 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
6911 #: chpasswd.8.xml:47(refpurpose)
6912 msgid "update passwords in batch mode"
6913 msgstr "wsadowa aktualizacja haseł użytkowników"
6915 #: chpasswd.8.xml:61(para)
6917 "The <command>chpasswd</command> command reads a list of user name and "
6918 "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a "
6919 "group of existing users. Each line is of the format:"
6921 "Polecenie <command>chpasswd</command> czyta pary danych (użytkownik i hasło) "
6922 "ze standardowego wejścia. Odczytane informacje wykorzystywane są do "
6923 "aktualizacji danych o grupie istniejących użytkowników. Każdy wiersz "
6924 "przekazywanych danych ma postać:"
6926 #: chpasswd.8.xml:66(para)
6928 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">user_name</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">password</"
6931 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nazwa_użytkownika</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I"
6932 "\">hasło</emphasis>"
6934 #: chpasswd.8.xml:71(para)
6937 "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
6938 "<command>chpasswd</command>. Also the password age will be updated, if "
6941 "Domyślnie dostarczane hasła muszą być w postaci jawnej. Podczas kodowania "
6942 "haseł używany jest domyślnie algorytm DES. W trakcie zmiany hasła "
6943 "aktualizowany jest także wiek hasła."
6945 #: chpasswd.8.xml:76(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:75(para)
6947 "The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the "
6948 "ENCRYPT_METHOD variable of <filename>/etc/login.defs</filename>, and can be "
6949 "overwiten with the <option>-e</option>, <option>-m</option>, or <option>-c</"
6953 #: chpasswd.8.xml:82(para)
6955 "<command>chpasswd</command> first update the password in memory, and then "
6956 "commit all the changes to disk if no errors occured for any users."
6959 #: chpasswd.8.xml:89(para)
6961 #| msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
6962 msgid "The supplied passwords must be in clear-text."
6964 "Dostarczone na standardowe wejście hasła są traktowane jako już zakodowane."
6966 #: chpasswd.8.xml:92(para)
6968 "PAM is used to update the password in the system database according to the "
6969 "PAM chpasswd configuration."
6972 #: chpasswd.8.xml:96(para)
6974 "When <command>chpasswd</command> fails to update a password, it continues "
6975 "updating the passwords of the next users, and will return an error code on "
6979 #: chpasswd.8.xml:102(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:81(para)
6981 "This command is intended to be used in a large system environment where many "
6982 "accounts are created at a single time."
6984 "Polecenie to przeznaczone jest do użytku w dużych systemach, gdzie "
6985 "aktualizuje się wiele kont naraz."
6987 #: chpasswd.8.xml:110(para)
6988 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chpasswd</command> command are:"
6989 msgstr "Polecenie <command>chpasswd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
6991 #: chpasswd.8.xml:119(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:98(para)
6992 msgid "The available methods are DES, MD5, and NONE."
6995 #: chpasswd.8.xml:129(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:108(term)
6996 msgid "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
6997 msgstr "<option>-e</option>, <option>--encrypted</option>"
6999 #: chpasswd.8.xml:131(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:110(para)
7000 msgid "Supplied passwords are in encrypted form."
7002 "Dostarczone na standardowe wejście hasła są traktowane jako już zakodowane."
7004 #: chpasswd.8.xml:145(term) chgpasswd.8.xml:120(term)
7005 msgid "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
7006 msgstr "<option>-m</option>, <option>--md5</option>"
7008 #: chpasswd.8.xml:147(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:122(para)
7010 "Use MD5 encryption instead of DES when the supplied passwords are not "
7013 "Jeżeli dpostarczane hasła są w postaci jawnej użyj kodowania MD5 zamiast "
7016 #: chpasswd.8.xml:183(para) chgpasswd.8.xml:158(para)
7018 "Remember to set permissions or umask to prevent readability of unencrypted "
7019 "files by other users."
7021 "Pamiętaj żeby zabezpieczyć przed odczytem plik przekazywany na standardowe "
7022 "wejście polecenia."
7024 #: chpasswd.8.xml:225(filename)
7026 #| msgid "/etc/passwd"
7027 msgid "/etc/pam.d/chpasswd"
7028 msgstr "/etc/passwd"
7030 #: chpasswd.8.xml:227(para)
7031 msgid "PAM configuration for <command>chpasswd</command>."
7034 #: chpasswd.8.xml:235(para)
7037 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
7038 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
7039 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry "
7040 "condition=\"no_pam\"><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7041 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</"
7042 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7044 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
7045 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
7046 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7047 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
7048 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>usermod</"
7049 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7051 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:48(refpurpose)
7052 msgid "update group passwords in batch mode"
7053 msgstr "wsadowa aktualizacja haseł grup"
7055 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:62(para)
7057 "The <command>chgpasswd</command> command reads a list of group name and "
7058 "password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set "
7059 "of existing groups. Each line is of the format:"
7061 "Polecenie <command>chgpasswd</command> czyta pary danych (grupa i hasło) ze "
7062 "standardowego wejścia. Odczytane informacje wykorzystywane są do "
7063 "aktualizacji danych o grupach istniejących użytkowników. Każdy wiersz "
7064 "przekazywanych danych ma postać:"
7066 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:67(para)
7068 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">group_name</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">password</"
7071 "<emphasis remap=\"I\">nazwa_grupy</emphasis>:<emphasis remap=\"I\">hasło</"
7074 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:71(para)
7077 "By default the supplied password must be in clear-text, and is encrypted by "
7078 "<command>chgpasswd</command>."
7080 "Domyślnie dostarczane hasła muszą być w postaci jawnej. Podczas kodowania "
7081 "haseł używany jest domyślnie algorytm DES."
7083 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:89(para)
7085 "The options which apply to the <command>chgpasswd</command> command are:"
7086 msgstr "Polecenie <command>chgpasswd</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
7088 #: chgpasswd.8.xml:205(para)
7091 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7092 "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
7093 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7094 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7095 "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7097 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
7098 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
7099 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7100 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
7103 #: chfn.1.xml:47(refpurpose)
7104 msgid "change real user name and information"
7107 #: chfn.1.xml:53(replaceable)
7111 #: chfn.1.xml:53(arg)
7112 msgid "-f <placeholder-1/>"
7113 msgstr "-f <placeholder-1/>"
7115 #: chfn.1.xml:54(replaceable)
7119 #: chfn.1.xml:55(replaceable)
7123 #: chfn.1.xml:55(arg)
7124 msgid "-w <placeholder-1/>"
7125 msgstr "-w <placeholder-1/>"
7127 #: chfn.1.xml:56(replaceable)
7131 #: chfn.1.xml:57(replaceable)
7135 #: chfn.1.xml:57(arg)
7136 msgid "-o <placeholder-1/>"
7137 msgstr "-o <placeholder-1/>"
7139 #: chfn.1.xml:64(para)
7141 "The <command>chfn</command> command changes user fullname, office number, "
7142 "office extension, and home phone number information for a user's account. "
7143 "This information is typically printed by "
7144 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>finger</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
7145 "citerefentry> and similar programs. A normal user may only change the fields "
7146 "for her own account, subject to the restrictions in <filename>/etc/login."
7147 "defs</filename>. (The default configuration is to prevent users from "
7148 "changing their fullname.) The superuser may change any field for any "
7149 "account. Additionally, only the superuser may use the <option>-o</option> "
7150 "option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field."
7153 #: chfn.1.xml:78(para)
7155 "These fields must not contain any colons. Except for the <emphasis remap=\"I"
7156 "\">other</emphasis> field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign. "
7157 "It is also recommended to avoid non-US-ASCII characters, but this is only "
7158 "enforced for the phone numbers. The <emphasis remap=\"I\">other</emphasis> "
7159 "field is used to store accounting information used by other applications."
7162 #: chfn.1.xml:87(para)
7164 "If none of the options are selected, <command>chfn</command> operates in an "
7165 "interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
7166 "the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
7167 "to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
7168 "<emphasis remap=\"B\">[ ]</emphasis> marks. Without options, <command>chfn</"
7169 "command> prompts for the current user account."
7172 #: chfn.1.xml:132(para)
7174 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
7175 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
7176 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7177 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
7180 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
7181 "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login.defs</"
7182 "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7183 "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></"
7186 #: chage.1.xml:34(refentrytitle) chage.1.xml:39(refname)
7187 #: chage.1.xml:44(command)
7191 #: chage.1.xml:40(refpurpose)
7192 msgid "change user password expiry information"
7193 msgstr "zmiana informacji o terminie ważności hasła użytkownika"
7195 #: chage.1.xml:56(para)
7197 "The <command>chage</command> command changes the number of days between "
7198 "password changes and the date of the last password change. This information "
7199 "is used by the system to determine when a user must change his/her password."
7201 "Polecenie <command>chage</command> zmienia liczbę dni pomiędzy zmianami "
7202 "hasła i datę ostatniej zmiany hasła. Informację tę system wykorzystuje do "
7203 "ustalenia, kiedy użytkownik musi zmienić hasło."
7205 #: chage.1.xml:66(para)
7206 msgid "The options which apply to the <command>chage</command> command are:"
7207 msgstr "Polecenie <command>chage</command> posiada następujące opcje:"
7209 #: chage.1.xml:71(term)
7211 "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option><replaceable>LAST_DAY</"
7214 "<option>-d</option>, <option>--lastday</option><replaceable>OSTATNI</"
7217 #: chage.1.xml:75(para)
7219 "Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last "
7220 "changed. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY-MM-DD (or the "
7221 "format more commonly used in your area)."
7223 "Ustawia ilość dni od 1 stycznia 1970 kiedy hało było ostani raz zmieniane. "
7224 "Data ważności może być takze prezekazana w formacie RRRR-MM-DD (lub formacie "
7225 "używanym lokalnie)."
7227 #: chage.1.xml:83(term)
7229 "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option><replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</"
7232 "<option>-E</option>, <option>--expiredate</option><replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</"
7235 #: chage.1.xml:87(para)
7237 "Set the date or number of days since January 1, 1970 on which the user's "
7238 "account will no longer be accessible. The date may also be expressed in the "
7239 "format YYYY-MM-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area). A user "
7240 "whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being "
7241 "able to use the system again."
7243 "Ustawia datę, począwszy od której konto użytkownika nie będzie już dostępne. "
7244 "<replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</replaceable> jest liczbą dni od 1 stycznia 1970, od "
7245 "której konto jest blokowane. Data może być też wyrażona w formacie RRRR-MM-"
7246 "DD (lub innej, powszechniej używanej w danym regionie). Użytkownik, którego "
7247 "konto jest zablokowane musi skontaktować się z administratorem systemu zanim "
7248 "będzie mógł z niego ponownie skorzystać."
7250 #: chage.1.xml:95(para)
7252 "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
7253 "<replaceable>EXPIRE_DATE</replaceable> will remove an account expiration "
7256 "Przekazanie <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> jako <replaceable>DATA_WAŻN</"
7257 "replaceable> usuwa ograniczenie ważności konta użytkownika."
7259 #: chage.1.xml:109(term)
7261 "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option><replaceable>INACTIVE</"
7264 "<option>-I</option>, <option>--inactive</option><replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</"
7267 #: chage.1.xml:113(para)
7269 "Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the "
7270 "account is locked. The <replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> option is the "
7271 "number of days of inactivity. A user whose account is locked must contact "
7272 "the system administrator before being able to use the system again."
7274 "Opcja ta służy do ustawiania czasu nieaktywności konta po wygaśnięciu "
7275 "ważności hasła, po którym to czasie konto jest blokowane. Parametr "
7276 "<replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</replaceable> jest liczbą dni nieaktywności. "
7277 "Użytkownik, którego konto jest zablokowane musi skontaktować się z "
7278 "administratorem systemu zanim będzie mógł z niego ponownie skorzystać."
7280 #: chage.1.xml:120(para)
7282 "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as the "
7283 "<replaceable>INACTIVE</replaceable> will remove an account's inactivity."
7285 "Przekazanie <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> jako "
7286 "<replaceable>NIEAKTYWNE</replaceable> usuwa ograniczenie nieaktywniści konta "
7289 #: chage.1.xml:132(para)
7290 msgid "Show account aging information."
7291 msgstr "Wyświetlenie informacji o terminach ważności konta i hasła."
7293 #: chage.1.xml:150(term)
7295 "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option><replaceable>MAX_DAYS</"
7298 "<option>-M</option>, <option>--maxdays</option><replaceable>MAX_DNI</"
7301 #: chage.1.xml:154(para)
7303 "Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid. When "
7304 "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> plus <replaceable>LAST_DAY</replaceable> "
7305 "is less than the current day, the user will be required to change his/her "
7306 "password before being able to use his/her account. This occurrence can be "
7307 "planned for in advance by use of the <option>-W</option> option, which "
7308 "provides the user with advance warning."
7310 "Ustawia maksymalną liczbę dni, przez jakie hasło jest ważne. Gdy "
7311 "<replaceable>MAX_DNI</replaceable> plus <replaceable>OSTATNI</replaceable> "
7312 "jest mniejsze niż bieżący dzień, użytkownik musi zmienić swoje hasła, zanim "
7313 "będzie mógł skorzystać z konta. Zdarzenie to może być zaplanowane z "
7314 "wyprzedzeniem przez wykorzystanie opcji <option>-W</option>, ostrzegającej "
7315 "zawczasu użytkownika o zbliżającym się terminie zmiany."
7317 #: chage.1.xml:163(para)
7319 "Passing the number <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> as "
7320 "<replaceable>MAX_DAYS</replaceable> will remove checking a password's "
7323 "Przekazanie <emphasis remap=\"I\">-1</emphasis> jako <replaceable>MAX_DAYS</"
7324 "replaceable> usuwa sprawdzanie wazności hasła."
7326 #: chage.1.xml:171(term)
7328 "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option><replaceable>WARN_DAYS</"
7331 "<option>-W</option>, <option>--warndays</option><replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</"
7334 #: chage.1.xml:175(para)
7336 "Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required. The "
7337 "<replaceable>WARN_DAYS</replaceable> option is the number of days prior to "
7338 "the password expiring that a user will be warned his/her password is about "
7341 "Ustawia na <replaceable>DNI_OSTRZ</replaceable> liczbę dni przed upływem "
7342 "ważności hasła. Od tego dnia użytkownik będzie ostrzegany o nadchodzącym "
7343 "terminie zmiany hasła."
7345 #: chage.1.xml:184(para)
7347 "If none of the options are selected, <command>chage</command> operates in an "
7348 "interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of "
7349 "the fields. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank "
7350 "to use the current value. The current value is displayed between a pair of "
7351 "<emphasis>[ ]</emphasis> marks."
7353 "Jeśli nie podano żadnej opcji, to <command>chage</command> działa w trybie "
7354 "interaktywnym, proponując użytkownikowi wartości bieżące dla każdego z pól. "
7355 "Wprowadzenie nowej wartości powoduje zmianę wartości pola, a podanie "
7356 "wartości pustej pozostawia wartość bieżącą. Bieżąca wartość pola wyświetlana "
7357 "jest w nawiasach <emphasis>[ ]</emphasis>."
7359 #: chage.1.xml:194(para)
7361 "The <command>chage</command> program requires a shadow password file to be "
7364 "Program <command>chage</command> wymaga do działania chronionego pliku haseł "
7365 "użytkowników (shadow)."
7367 #: chage.1.xml:198(para)
7369 "The <command>chage</command> command is restricted to the root user, except "
7370 "for the <option>-l</option> option, which may be used by an unprivileged "
7371 "user to determine when his/her password or account is due to expire."
7373 "Polecenia chage może użyć tylko użytkownik root, za wyjątkiem opcji <option>-"
7374 "l</option>. Może się nią posłużyć się użytkownik nieuprzywilejowany do "
7375 "stwierdzenia, kiedy wygasa jego własne hasło lub konto."
7377 #: chage.1.xml:251(replaceable)
7381 #: chage.1.xml:253(para)
7382 msgid "can't find the shadow password file"
7383 msgstr "nie można znaleźć pliku shadow"
7385 #: chage.1.xml:229(para)
7387 "The <command>chage</command> command exits with the following values: "
7390 "Polecenie <command>chage</command> kończy działanie z następującymi "
7391 "wartościami kodów zakończenia: <placeholder-1/>"
7393 #. Put one translator per line, in the form of NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2.
7394 #: chage.1.xml:0(None)
7395 msgid "translator-credits"
7396 msgstr "Tomasz Kłoczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>, 2006"
7399 #~ "The group name or number of the user's new initial login group. The group "
7400 #~ "name must exist. A group number must refer to an already existing group. "
7401 #~ "The default group number is 1."
7403 #~ "Nazwa lub numer początkowej grupy logowania użytkownika. Nazwa grupy musi "
7404 #~ "istnieć. Numer grupy musi odnosić się do już istniejącej grupy. Domyślnym "
7405 #~ "numerem grupy jest 1."
7408 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7409 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
7410 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7411 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
7412 #~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
7413 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7414 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7415 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
7416 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7417 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
7418 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
7419 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7421 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chage</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7422 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
7423 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7424 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
7425 #~ "citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
7426 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7427 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7428 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
7429 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7430 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
7431 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
7432 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7435 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7436 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
7437 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7438 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7439 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
7440 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7441 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
7442 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
7443 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7444 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7445 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
7446 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7447 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
7448 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
7449 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7451 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>getent</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7452 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>login</"
7453 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7454 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7455 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>su</"
7456 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7457 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</"
7458 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>getpwnam</"
7459 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7460 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7461 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwconv</"
7462 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7463 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>pwunconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
7464 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sulogin</"
7465 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7468 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7469 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
7470 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7471 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7472 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7474 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7475 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
7476 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7477 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7478 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7482 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7483 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
7484 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7485 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7486 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7488 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7489 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</"
7490 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7491 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7492 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7515 #~ msgid "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
7516 #~ msgstr "-K <placeholder-1/>=<placeholder-2/>"
7523 #~ msgid "<option>-A</option><replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
7525 #~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
7528 #~ msgid "<option>-M</option><replaceable>user</replaceable>,..."
7530 #~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--uid</option><replaceable>UID</replaceable>"
7533 #~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option><replaceable>LOGIN</"
7536 #~ "<option>-u</option>, <option>--user</option><replaceable>LOGIN</"
7543 #~ "The <option>-t</option> flag overrides the use of <option>-u</option>."
7545 #~ "Opcja <option>-t</option> przesłania użycie opcji <option>-u</option>."
7548 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7549 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
7550 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7551 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7552 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
7553 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7555 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7556 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</"
7557 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7558 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>shadow</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</"
7559 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupmod</"
7560 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7562 #~ msgid "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
7563 #~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR USERDEL_CMD"
7566 #~ msgstr "MAIL_DIR"
7568 #~ msgid "CHFN_AUTH"
7569 #~ msgstr "CHFN_AUTH"
7571 #~ msgid "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
7572 #~ msgstr "GID_MAX GID_MIN"
7574 #~ msgid "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UMASK"
7575 #~ msgstr "PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE UMASK"
7578 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7579 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
7580 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7581 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
7582 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7584 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>passwd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7585 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>newusers</"
7586 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, "
7587 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>useradd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
7588 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7591 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7592 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
7593 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7595 #~ "<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
7596 #~ "manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>groupadd</"
7597 #~ "refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>."
7599 #~ msgid "-R <placeholder-1/>"
7600 #~ msgstr "-R <placeholder-1/>"
7602 #~ msgid "-A <placeholder-1/>"
7603 #~ msgstr "-A <placeholder-1/>"
7605 #~ msgid "-M <placeholder-1/>"
7606 #~ msgstr "-M <placeholder-1/>"