[zfs] / lib / libzfs_core / libzfs_core.c

/*
 * CDDL HEADER START
 *
 * The contents of this file are subject to the terms of the
 * Common Development and Distribution License (the "License").
 * You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *
 * You can obtain a copy of the license at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE
 * or http://www.opensolaris.org/os/licensing.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions
 * and limitations under the License.
 *
 * When distributing Covered Code, include this CDDL HEADER in each
 * file and include the License file at usr/src/OPENSOLARIS.LICENSE.
 * If applicable, add the following below this CDDL HEADER, with the
 * fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying
 * information: Portions Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
 *
 * CDDL HEADER END
 */

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2017 by Delphix. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Steven Hartland. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (c) 2017 Datto Inc.
 * Copyright 2017 RackTop Systems.
 * Copyright (c) 2017 Open-E, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 */

/*
 * LibZFS_Core (lzc) is intended to replace most functionality in libzfs.
 * It has the following characteristics:
 *
 *  - Thread Safe.  libzfs_core is accessible concurrently from multiple
 *  threads.  This is accomplished primarily by avoiding global data
 *  (e.g. caching).  Since it's thread-safe, there is no reason for a
 *  process to have multiple libzfs "instances".  Therefore, we store
 *  our few pieces of data (e.g. the file descriptor) in global
 *  variables.  The fd is reference-counted so that the libzfs_core
 *  library can be "initialized" multiple times (e.g. by different
 *  consumers within the same process).
 *
 *  - Committed Interface.  The libzfs_core interface will be committed,
 *  therefore consumers can compile against it and be confident that
 *  their code will continue to work on future releases of this code.
 *  Currently, the interface is Evolving (not Committed), but we intend
 *  to commit to it once it is more complete and we determine that it
 *  meets the needs of all consumers.
 *
 *  - Programmatic Error Handling.  libzfs_core communicates errors with
 *  defined error numbers, and doesn't print anything to stdout/stderr.
 *
 *  - Thin Layer.  libzfs_core is a thin layer, marshaling arguments
 *  to/from the kernel ioctls.  There is generally a 1:1 correspondence
 *  between libzfs_core functions and ioctls to /dev/zfs.
 *
 *  - Clear Atomicity.  Because libzfs_core functions are generally 1:1
 *  with kernel ioctls, and kernel ioctls are general atomic, each
 *  libzfs_core function is atomic.  For example, creating multiple
 *  snapshots with a single call to lzc_snapshot() is atomic -- it
 *  can't fail with only some of the requested snapshots created, even
 *  in the event of power loss or system crash.
 *
 *  - Continued libzfs Support.  Some higher-level operations (e.g.
 *  support for "zfs send -R") are too complicated to fit the scope of
 *  libzfs_core.  This functionality will continue to live in libzfs.
 *  Where appropriate, libzfs will use the underlying atomic operations
 *  of libzfs_core.  For example, libzfs may implement "zfs send -R |
 *  zfs receive" by using individual "send one snapshot", rename,
 *  destroy, and "receive one snapshot" operations in libzfs_core.
 *  /sbin/zfs and /zbin/zpool will link with both libzfs and
 *  libzfs_core.  Other consumers should aim to use only libzfs_core,
 *  since that will be the supported, stable interface going forwards.
 */

#include <libzfs_core.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/nvpair.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/zfs_ioctl.h>

static int g_fd = -1;
static pthread_mutex_t g_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static int g_refcount;

int
libzfs_core_init(void)
{
        (void) pthread_mutex_lock(&g_lock);
        if (g_refcount == 0) {
                g_fd = open("/dev/zfs", O_RDWR);
                if (g_fd < 0) {
                        (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_lock);
                        return (errno);
                }
        }
        g_refcount++;
        (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_lock);
        return (0);
}

void
libzfs_core_fini(void)
{
        (void) pthread_mutex_lock(&g_lock);
        ASSERT3S(g_refcount, >, 0);

        if (g_refcount > 0)
                g_refcount--;

        if (g_refcount == 0 && g_fd != -1) {
                (void) close(g_fd);
                g_fd = -1;
        }
        (void) pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_lock);
}

static int
lzc_ioctl(zfs_ioc_t ioc, const char *name,
    nvlist_t *source, nvlist_t **resultp)
{
        zfs_cmd_t zc = {"\0"};
        int error = 0;
        char *packed = NULL;
        size_t size = 0;

        ASSERT3S(g_refcount, >, 0);
        VERIFY3S(g_fd, !=, -1);

        if (name != NULL)
                (void) strlcpy(zc.zc_name, name, sizeof (zc.zc_name));

        if (source != NULL) {
                packed = fnvlist_pack(source, &size);
                zc.zc_nvlist_src = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)packed;
                zc.zc_nvlist_src_size = size;
        }

        if (resultp != NULL) {
                *resultp = NULL;
                if (ioc == ZFS_IOC_CHANNEL_PROGRAM) {
                        zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size = fnvlist_lookup_uint64(source,
                            ZCP_ARG_MEMLIMIT);
                } else {
                        zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size = MAX(size * 2, 128 * 1024);
                }
                zc.zc_nvlist_dst = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)
                    malloc(zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size);
                if (zc.zc_nvlist_dst == (uint64_t)0) {
                        error = ENOMEM;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        while (ioctl(g_fd, ioc, &zc) != 0) {
                /*
                 * If ioctl exited with ENOMEM, we retry the ioctl after
                 * increasing the size of the destination nvlist.
                 *
                 * Channel programs that exit with ENOMEM ran over the
                 * lua memory sandbox; they should not be retried.
                 */
                if (errno == ENOMEM && resultp != NULL &&
                    ioc != ZFS_IOC_CHANNEL_PROGRAM) {
                        free((void *)(uintptr_t)zc.zc_nvlist_dst);
                        zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size *= 2;
                        zc.zc_nvlist_dst = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)
                            malloc(zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size);
                        if (zc.zc_nvlist_dst == (uint64_t)0) {
                                error = ENOMEM;
                                goto out;
                        }
                } else {
                        error = errno;
                        break;
                }
        }
        if (zc.zc_nvlist_dst_filled) {
                *resultp = fnvlist_unpack((void *)(uintptr_t)zc.zc_nvlist_dst,
                    zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size);
        }

out:
        if (packed != NULL)
                fnvlist_pack_free(packed, size);
        free((void *)(uintptr_t)zc.zc_nvlist_dst);
        return (error);
}

int
lzc_create(const char *fsname, enum lzc_dataset_type type, nvlist_t *props,
    uint8_t *wkeydata, uint_t wkeylen)
{
        int error;
        nvlist_t *hidden_args = NULL;
        nvlist_t *args = fnvlist_alloc();

        fnvlist_add_int32(args, "type", (dmu_objset_type_t)type);
        if (props != NULL)
                fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, "props", props);

        if (wkeydata != NULL) {
                hidden_args = fnvlist_alloc();
                fnvlist_add_uint8_array(hidden_args, "wkeydata", wkeydata,
                    wkeylen);
                fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, ZPOOL_HIDDEN_ARGS, hidden_args);
        }

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_CREATE, fsname, args, NULL);
        nvlist_free(hidden_args);
        nvlist_free(args);
        return (error);
}

int
lzc_clone(const char *fsname, const char *origin, nvlist_t *props)
{
        int error;
        nvlist_t *hidden_args = NULL;
        nvlist_t *args = fnvlist_alloc();

        fnvlist_add_string(args, "origin", origin);
        if (props != NULL)
                fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, "props", props);
        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_CLONE, fsname, args, NULL);
        nvlist_free(hidden_args);
        nvlist_free(args);
        return (error);
}

int
lzc_promote(const char *fsname, char *snapnamebuf, int snapnamelen)
{
        /*
         * The promote ioctl is still legacy, so we need to construct our
         * own zfs_cmd_t rather than using lzc_ioctl().
         */
        zfs_cmd_t zc = { "\0" };

        ASSERT3S(g_refcount, >, 0);
        VERIFY3S(g_fd, !=, -1);

        (void) strlcpy(zc.zc_name, fsname, sizeof (zc.zc_name));
        if (ioctl(g_fd, ZFS_IOC_PROMOTE, &zc) != 0) {
                int error = errno;
                if (error == EEXIST && snapnamebuf != NULL)
                        (void) strlcpy(snapnamebuf, zc.zc_string, snapnamelen);
                return (error);
        }
        return (0);
}

/*
 * Creates snapshots.
 *
 * The keys in the snaps nvlist are the snapshots to be created.
 * They must all be in the same pool.
 *
 * The props nvlist is properties to set.  Currently only user properties
 * are supported.  { user:prop_name -> string value }
 *
 * The returned results nvlist will have an entry for each snapshot that failed.
 * The value will be the (int32) error code.
 *
 * The return value will be 0 if all snapshots were created, otherwise it will
 * be the errno of a (unspecified) snapshot that failed.
 */
int
lzc_snapshot(nvlist_t *snaps, nvlist_t *props, nvlist_t **errlist)
{
        nvpair_t *elem;
        nvlist_t *args;
        int error;
        char pool[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];

        *errlist = NULL;

        /* determine the pool name */
        elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(snaps, NULL);
        if (elem == NULL)
                return (0);
        (void) strlcpy(pool, nvpair_name(elem), sizeof (pool));
        pool[strcspn(pool, "/@")] = '\0';

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, "snaps", snaps);
        if (props != NULL)
                fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, "props", props);

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_SNAPSHOT, pool, args, errlist);
        nvlist_free(args);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Destroys snapshots.
 *
 * The keys in the snaps nvlist are the snapshots to be destroyed.
 * They must all be in the same pool.
 *
 * Snapshots that do not exist will be silently ignored.
 *
 * If 'defer' is not set, and a snapshot has user holds or clones, the
 * destroy operation will fail and none of the snapshots will be
 * destroyed.
 *
 * If 'defer' is set, and a snapshot has user holds or clones, it will be
 * marked for deferred destruction, and will be destroyed when the last hold
 * or clone is removed/destroyed.
 *
 * The return value will be 0 if all snapshots were destroyed (or marked for
 * later destruction if 'defer' is set) or didn't exist to begin with.
 *
 * Otherwise the return value will be the errno of a (unspecified) snapshot
 * that failed, no snapshots will be destroyed, and the errlist will have an
 * entry for each snapshot that failed.  The value in the errlist will be
 * the (int32) error code.
 */
int
lzc_destroy_snaps(nvlist_t *snaps, boolean_t defer, nvlist_t **errlist)
{
        nvpair_t *elem;
        nvlist_t *args;
        int error;
        char pool[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];

        /* determine the pool name */
        elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(snaps, NULL);
        if (elem == NULL)
                return (0);
        (void) strlcpy(pool, nvpair_name(elem), sizeof (pool));
        pool[strcspn(pool, "/@")] = '\0';

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, "snaps", snaps);
        if (defer)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "defer");

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_DESTROY_SNAPS, pool, args, errlist);
        nvlist_free(args);

        return (error);
}

int
lzc_snaprange_space(const char *firstsnap, const char *lastsnap,
    uint64_t *usedp)
{
        nvlist_t *args;
        nvlist_t *result;
        int err;
        char fs[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];
        char *atp;

        /* determine the fs name */
        (void) strlcpy(fs, firstsnap, sizeof (fs));
        atp = strchr(fs, '@');
        if (atp == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);
        *atp = '\0';

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_string(args, "firstsnap", firstsnap);

        err = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_SPACE_SNAPS, lastsnap, args, &result);
        nvlist_free(args);
        if (err == 0)
                *usedp = fnvlist_lookup_uint64(result, "used");
        fnvlist_free(result);

        return (err);
}

boolean_t
lzc_exists(const char *dataset)
{
        /*
         * The objset_stats ioctl is still legacy, so we need to construct our
         * own zfs_cmd_t rather than using lzc_ioctl().
         */
        zfs_cmd_t zc = {"\0"};

        ASSERT3S(g_refcount, >, 0);
        VERIFY3S(g_fd, !=, -1);

        (void) strlcpy(zc.zc_name, dataset, sizeof (zc.zc_name));
        return (ioctl(g_fd, ZFS_IOC_OBJSET_STATS, &zc) == 0);
}

/*
 * outnvl is unused.
 * It was added to preserve the function signature in case it is
 * needed in the future.
 */
/*ARGSUSED*/
int
lzc_sync(const char *pool_name, nvlist_t *innvl, nvlist_t **outnvl)
{
        return (lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_POOL_SYNC, pool_name, innvl, NULL));
}

/*
 * Create "user holds" on snapshots.  If there is a hold on a snapshot,
 * the snapshot can not be destroyed.  (However, it can be marked for deletion
 * by lzc_destroy_snaps(defer=B_TRUE).)
 *
 * The keys in the nvlist are snapshot names.
 * The snapshots must all be in the same pool.
 * The value is the name of the hold (string type).
 *
 * If cleanup_fd is not -1, it must be the result of open("/dev/zfs", O_EXCL).
 * In this case, when the cleanup_fd is closed (including on process
 * termination), the holds will be released.  If the system is shut down
 * uncleanly, the holds will be released when the pool is next opened
 * or imported.
 *
 * Holds for snapshots which don't exist will be skipped and have an entry
 * added to errlist, but will not cause an overall failure.
 *
 * The return value will be 0 if all holds, for snapshots that existed,
 * were successfully created.
 *
 * Otherwise the return value will be the errno of a (unspecified) hold that
 * failed and no holds will be created.
 *
 * In all cases the errlist will have an entry for each hold that failed
 * (name = snapshot), with its value being the error code (int32).
 */
int
lzc_hold(nvlist_t *holds, int cleanup_fd, nvlist_t **errlist)
{
        char pool[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];
        nvlist_t *args;
        nvpair_t *elem;
        int error;

        /* determine the pool name */
        elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(holds, NULL);
        if (elem == NULL)
                return (0);
        (void) strlcpy(pool, nvpair_name(elem), sizeof (pool));
        pool[strcspn(pool, "/@")] = '\0';

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, "holds", holds);
        if (cleanup_fd != -1)
                fnvlist_add_int32(args, "cleanup_fd", cleanup_fd);

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_HOLD, pool, args, errlist);
        nvlist_free(args);
        return (error);
}

/*
 * Release "user holds" on snapshots.  If the snapshot has been marked for
 * deferred destroy (by lzc_destroy_snaps(defer=B_TRUE)), it does not have
 * any clones, and all the user holds are removed, then the snapshot will be
 * destroyed.
 *
 * The keys in the nvlist are snapshot names.
 * The snapshots must all be in the same pool.
 * The value is an nvlist whose keys are the holds to remove.
 *
 * Holds which failed to release because they didn't exist will have an entry
 * added to errlist, but will not cause an overall failure.
 *
 * The return value will be 0 if the nvl holds was empty or all holds that
 * existed, were successfully removed.
 *
 * Otherwise the return value will be the errno of a (unspecified) hold that
 * failed to release and no holds will be released.
 *
 * In all cases the errlist will have an entry for each hold that failed to
 * to release.
 */
int
lzc_release(nvlist_t *holds, nvlist_t **errlist)
{
        char pool[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];
        nvpair_t *elem;

        /* determine the pool name */
        elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(holds, NULL);
        if (elem == NULL)
                return (0);
        (void) strlcpy(pool, nvpair_name(elem), sizeof (pool));
        pool[strcspn(pool, "/@")] = '\0';

        return (lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_RELEASE, pool, holds, errlist));
}

/*
 * Retrieve list of user holds on the specified snapshot.
 *
 * On success, *holdsp will be set to an nvlist which the caller must free.
 * The keys are the names of the holds, and the value is the creation time
 * of the hold (uint64) in seconds since the epoch.
 */
int
lzc_get_holds(const char *snapname, nvlist_t **holdsp)
{
        return (lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_GET_HOLDS, snapname, NULL, holdsp));
}

/*
 * Generate a zfs send stream for the specified snapshot and write it to
 * the specified file descriptor.
 *
 * "snapname" is the full name of the snapshot to send (e.g. "pool/fs@snap")
 *
 * If "from" is NULL, a full (non-incremental) stream will be sent.
 * If "from" is non-NULL, it must be the full name of a snapshot or
 * bookmark to send an incremental from (e.g. "pool/fs@earlier_snap" or
 * "pool/fs#earlier_bmark").  If non-NULL, the specified snapshot or
 * bookmark must represent an earlier point in the history of "snapname").
 * It can be an earlier snapshot in the same filesystem or zvol as "snapname",
 * or it can be the origin of "snapname"'s filesystem, or an earlier
 * snapshot in the origin, etc.
 *
 * "fd" is the file descriptor to write the send stream to.
 *
 * If "flags" contains LZC_SEND_FLAG_LARGE_BLOCK, the stream is permitted
 * to contain DRR_WRITE records with drr_length > 128K, and DRR_OBJECT
 * records with drr_blksz > 128K.
 *
 * If "flags" contains LZC_SEND_FLAG_EMBED_DATA, the stream is permitted
 * to contain DRR_WRITE_EMBEDDED records with drr_etype==BP_EMBEDDED_TYPE_DATA,
 * which the receiving system must support (as indicated by support
 * for the "embedded_data" feature).
 */
int
lzc_send(const char *snapname, const char *from, int fd,
    enum lzc_send_flags flags)
{
        return (lzc_send_resume(snapname, from, fd, flags, 0, 0));
}

int
lzc_send_resume(const char *snapname, const char *from, int fd,
    enum lzc_send_flags flags, uint64_t resumeobj, uint64_t resumeoff)
{
        nvlist_t *args;
        int err;

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_int32(args, "fd", fd);
        if (from != NULL)
                fnvlist_add_string(args, "fromsnap", from);
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_LARGE_BLOCK)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "largeblockok");
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_EMBED_DATA)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "embedok");
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_COMPRESS)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "compressok");
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_RAW)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "rawok");
        if (resumeobj != 0 || resumeoff != 0) {
                fnvlist_add_uint64(args, "resume_object", resumeobj);
                fnvlist_add_uint64(args, "resume_offset", resumeoff);
        }
        err = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_SEND_NEW, snapname, args, NULL);
        nvlist_free(args);
        return (err);
}

/*
 * "from" can be NULL, a snapshot, or a bookmark.
 *
 * If from is NULL, a full (non-incremental) stream will be estimated.  This
 * is calculated very efficiently.
 *
 * If from is a snapshot, lzc_send_space uses the deadlists attached to
 * each snapshot to efficiently estimate the stream size.
 *
 * If from is a bookmark, the indirect blocks in the destination snapshot
 * are traversed, looking for blocks with a birth time since the creation TXG of
 * the snapshot this bookmark was created from.  This will result in
 * significantly more I/O and be less efficient than a send space estimation on
 * an equivalent snapshot.
 */
int
lzc_send_space(const char *snapname, const char *from,
    enum lzc_send_flags flags, uint64_t *spacep)
{
        nvlist_t *args;
        nvlist_t *result;
        int err;

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        if (from != NULL)
                fnvlist_add_string(args, "from", from);
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_LARGE_BLOCK)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "largeblockok");
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_EMBED_DATA)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "embedok");
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_COMPRESS)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "compressok");
        if (flags & LZC_SEND_FLAG_RAW)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(args, "rawok");
        err = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_SEND_SPACE, snapname, args, &result);
        nvlist_free(args);
        if (err == 0)
                *spacep = fnvlist_lookup_uint64(result, "space");
        nvlist_free(result);
        return (err);
}

static int
recv_read(int fd, void *buf, int ilen)
{
        char *cp = buf;
        int rv;
        int len = ilen;

        do {
                rv = read(fd, cp, len);
                cp += rv;
                len -= rv;
        } while (rv > 0);

        if (rv < 0 || len != 0)
                return (EIO);

        return (0);
}

/*
 * Linux adds ZFS_IOC_RECV_NEW for resumable and raw streams and preserves the
 * legacy ZFS_IOC_RECV user/kernel interface.  The new interface supports all
 * stream options but is currently only used for resumable streams.  This way
 * updated user space utilities will interoperate with older kernel modules.
 *
 * Non-Linux OpenZFS platforms have opted to modify the legacy interface.
 */
static int
recv_impl(const char *snapname, nvlist_t *recvdprops, nvlist_t *localprops,
    const char *origin, boolean_t force, boolean_t resumable, boolean_t raw,
    int input_fd, const dmu_replay_record_t *begin_record, int cleanup_fd,
    uint64_t *read_bytes, uint64_t *errflags, uint64_t *action_handle,
    nvlist_t **errors)
{
        dmu_replay_record_t drr;
        char fsname[MAXPATHLEN];
        char *atp;
        int error;

        ASSERT3S(g_refcount, >, 0);
        VERIFY3S(g_fd, !=, -1);

        /* Set 'fsname' to the name of containing filesystem */
        (void) strlcpy(fsname, snapname, sizeof (fsname));
        atp = strchr(fsname, '@');
        if (atp == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);
        *atp = '\0';

        /* If the fs does not exist, try its parent. */
        if (!lzc_exists(fsname)) {
                char *slashp = strrchr(fsname, '/');
                if (slashp == NULL)
                        return (ENOENT);
                *slashp = '\0';
        }

        /*
         * The begin_record is normally a non-byteswapped BEGIN record.
         * For resumable streams it may be set to any non-byteswapped
         * dmu_replay_record_t.
         */
        if (begin_record == NULL) {
                error = recv_read(input_fd, &drr, sizeof (drr));
                if (error != 0)
                        return (error);
        } else {
                drr = *begin_record;
        }

        if (resumable || raw) {
                nvlist_t *outnvl = NULL;
                nvlist_t *innvl = fnvlist_alloc();

                fnvlist_add_string(innvl, "snapname", snapname);

                if (recvdprops != NULL)
                        fnvlist_add_nvlist(innvl, "props", recvdprops);

                if (localprops != NULL)
                        fnvlist_add_nvlist(innvl, "localprops", localprops);

                if (origin != NULL && strlen(origin))
                        fnvlist_add_string(innvl, "origin", origin);

                fnvlist_add_byte_array(innvl, "begin_record",
                    (uchar_t *)&drr, sizeof (drr));

                fnvlist_add_int32(innvl, "input_fd", input_fd);

                if (force)
                        fnvlist_add_boolean(innvl, "force");

                if (resumable)
                        fnvlist_add_boolean(innvl, "resumable");

                if (cleanup_fd >= 0)
                        fnvlist_add_int32(innvl, "cleanup_fd", cleanup_fd);

                if (action_handle != NULL)
                        fnvlist_add_uint64(innvl, "action_handle",
                            *action_handle);

                error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_RECV_NEW, fsname, innvl, &outnvl);

                if (error == 0 && read_bytes != NULL)
                        error = nvlist_lookup_uint64(outnvl, "read_bytes",
                            read_bytes);

                if (error == 0 && errflags != NULL)
                        error = nvlist_lookup_uint64(outnvl, "error_flags",
                            errflags);

                if (error == 0 && action_handle != NULL)
                        error = nvlist_lookup_uint64(outnvl, "action_handle",
                            action_handle);

                if (error == 0 && errors != NULL) {
                        nvlist_t *nvl;
                        error = nvlist_lookup_nvlist(outnvl, "errors", &nvl);
                        if (error == 0)
                                *errors = fnvlist_dup(nvl);
                }

                fnvlist_free(innvl);
                fnvlist_free(outnvl);
        } else {
                zfs_cmd_t zc = {"\0"};
                char *packed = NULL;
                size_t size;

                ASSERT3S(g_refcount, >, 0);

                (void) strlcpy(zc.zc_name, fsname, sizeof (zc.zc_value));
                (void) strlcpy(zc.zc_value, snapname, sizeof (zc.zc_value));

                if (recvdprops != NULL) {
                        packed = fnvlist_pack(recvdprops, &size);
                        zc.zc_nvlist_src = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)packed;
                        zc.zc_nvlist_src_size = size;
                }

                if (localprops != NULL) {
                        packed = fnvlist_pack(localprops, &size);
                        zc.zc_nvlist_conf = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)packed;
                        zc.zc_nvlist_conf_size = size;
                }

                if (origin != NULL)
                        (void) strlcpy(zc.zc_string, origin,
                            sizeof (zc.zc_string));

                ASSERT3S(drr.drr_type, ==, DRR_BEGIN);
                zc.zc_begin_record = drr.drr_u.drr_begin;
                zc.zc_guid = force;
                zc.zc_cookie = input_fd;
                zc.zc_cleanup_fd = -1;
                zc.zc_action_handle = 0;

                if (cleanup_fd >= 0)
                        zc.zc_cleanup_fd = cleanup_fd;

                if (action_handle != NULL)
                        zc.zc_action_handle = *action_handle;

                zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size = 128 * 1024;
                zc.zc_nvlist_dst = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)
                    malloc(zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size);

                error = ioctl(g_fd, ZFS_IOC_RECV, &zc);
                if (error != 0) {
                        error = errno;
                } else {
                        if (read_bytes != NULL)
                                *read_bytes = zc.zc_cookie;

                        if (errflags != NULL)
                                *errflags = zc.zc_obj;

                        if (action_handle != NULL)
                                *action_handle = zc.zc_action_handle;

                        if (errors != NULL)
                                VERIFY0(nvlist_unpack(
                                    (void *)(uintptr_t)zc.zc_nvlist_dst,
                                    zc.zc_nvlist_dst_size, errors, KM_SLEEP));
                }

                if (packed != NULL)
                        fnvlist_pack_free(packed, size);
                free((void *)(uintptr_t)zc.zc_nvlist_dst);
        }

        return (error);
}

/*
 * The simplest receive case: receive from the specified fd, creating the
 * specified snapshot.  Apply the specified properties as "received" properties
 * (which can be overridden by locally-set properties).  If the stream is a
 * clone, its origin snapshot must be specified by 'origin'.  The 'force'
 * flag will cause the target filesystem to be rolled back or destroyed if
 * necessary to receive.
 *
 * Return 0 on success or an errno on failure.
 *
 * Note: this interface does not work on dedup'd streams
 * (those with DMU_BACKUP_FEATURE_DEDUP).
 */
int
lzc_receive(const char *snapname, nvlist_t *props, const char *origin,
    boolean_t force, boolean_t raw, int fd)
{
        return (recv_impl(snapname, props, NULL, origin, force, B_FALSE, raw,
            fd, NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));
}

/*
 * Like lzc_receive, but if the receive fails due to premature stream
 * termination, the intermediate state will be preserved on disk.  In this
 * case, ECKSUM will be returned.  The receive may subsequently be resumed
 * with a resuming send stream generated by lzc_send_resume().
 */
int
lzc_receive_resumable(const char *snapname, nvlist_t *props, const char *origin,
    boolean_t force, boolean_t raw, int fd)
{
        return (recv_impl(snapname, props, NULL, origin, force, B_TRUE, raw,
            fd, NULL, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));
}

/*
 * Like lzc_receive, but allows the caller to read the begin record and then to
 * pass it in.  That could be useful if the caller wants to derive, for example,
 * the snapname or the origin parameters based on the information contained in
 * the begin record.
 * The begin record must be in its original form as read from the stream,
 * in other words, it should not be byteswapped.
 *
 * The 'resumable' parameter allows to obtain the same behavior as with
 * lzc_receive_resumable.
 */
int
lzc_receive_with_header(const char *snapname, nvlist_t *props,
    const char *origin, boolean_t force, boolean_t resumable, boolean_t raw,
    int fd, const dmu_replay_record_t *begin_record)
{
        if (begin_record == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);

        return (recv_impl(snapname, props, NULL, origin, force, resumable, raw,
            fd, begin_record, -1, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL));
}

/*
 * Like lzc_receive, but allows the caller to pass all supported arguments
 * and retrieve all values returned.  The only additional input parameter
 * is 'cleanup_fd' which is used to set a cleanup-on-exit file descriptor.
 *
 * The following parameters all provide return values.  Several may be set
 * in the failure case and will contain additional information.
 *
 * The 'read_bytes' value will be set to the total number of bytes read.
 *
 * The 'errflags' value will contain zprop_errflags_t flags which are
 * used to describe any failures.
 *
 * The 'action_handle' is used to pass the handle for this guid/ds mapping.
 * It should be set to zero on first call and will contain an updated handle
 * on success, it should be passed in subsequent calls.
 *
 * The 'errors' nvlist contains an entry for each unapplied received
 * property.  Callers are responsible for freeing this nvlist.
 */
int lzc_receive_one(const char *snapname, nvlist_t *props,
    const char *origin, boolean_t force, boolean_t resumable, boolean_t raw,
    int input_fd, const dmu_replay_record_t *begin_record, int cleanup_fd,
    uint64_t *read_bytes, uint64_t *errflags, uint64_t *action_handle,
    nvlist_t **errors)
{
        return (recv_impl(snapname, props, NULL, origin, force, resumable,
            raw, input_fd, begin_record, cleanup_fd, read_bytes, errflags,
            action_handle, errors));
}

/*
 * Like lzc_receive_one, but allows the caller to pass an additional 'cmdprops'
 * argument.
 *
 * The 'cmdprops' nvlist contains both override ('zfs receive -o') and
 * exclude ('zfs receive -x') properties. Callers are responsible for freeing
 * this nvlist
 */
int lzc_receive_with_cmdprops(const char *snapname, nvlist_t *props,
    nvlist_t *cmdprops, const char *origin, boolean_t force,
    boolean_t resumable, boolean_t raw, int input_fd,
    const dmu_replay_record_t *begin_record, int cleanup_fd,
    uint64_t *read_bytes, uint64_t *errflags, uint64_t *action_handle,
    nvlist_t **errors)
{
        return (recv_impl(snapname, props, cmdprops, origin, force, resumable,
            raw, input_fd, begin_record, cleanup_fd, read_bytes, errflags,
            action_handle, errors));
}

/*
 * Roll back this filesystem or volume to its most recent snapshot.
 * If snapnamebuf is not NULL, it will be filled in with the name
 * of the most recent snapshot.
 * Note that the latest snapshot may change if a new one is concurrently
 * created or the current one is destroyed.  lzc_rollback_to can be used
 * to roll back to a specific latest snapshot.
 *
 * Return 0 on success or an errno on failure.
 */
int
lzc_rollback(const char *fsname, char *snapnamebuf, int snapnamelen)
{
        nvlist_t *args;
        nvlist_t *result;
        int err;

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        err = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_ROLLBACK, fsname, args, &result);
        nvlist_free(args);
        if (err == 0 && snapnamebuf != NULL) {
                const char *snapname = fnvlist_lookup_string(result, "target");
                (void) strlcpy(snapnamebuf, snapname, snapnamelen);
        }
        nvlist_free(result);

        return (err);
}

/*
 * Roll back this filesystem or volume to the specified snapshot,
 * if possible.
 *
 * Return 0 on success or an errno on failure.
 */
int
lzc_rollback_to(const char *fsname, const char *snapname)
{
        nvlist_t *args;
        nvlist_t *result;
        int err;

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_string(args, "target", snapname);
        err = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_ROLLBACK, fsname, args, &result);
        nvlist_free(args);
        nvlist_free(result);
        return (err);
}

/*
 * Creates bookmarks.
 *
 * The bookmarks nvlist maps from name of the bookmark (e.g. "pool/fs#bmark") to
 * the name of the snapshot (e.g. "pool/fs@snap").  All the bookmarks and
 * snapshots must be in the same pool.
 *
 * The returned results nvlist will have an entry for each bookmark that failed.
 * The value will be the (int32) error code.
 *
 * The return value will be 0 if all bookmarks were created, otherwise it will
 * be the errno of a (undetermined) bookmarks that failed.
 */
int
lzc_bookmark(nvlist_t *bookmarks, nvlist_t **errlist)
{
        nvpair_t *elem;
        int error;
        char pool[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];

        /* determine the pool name */
        elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(bookmarks, NULL);
        if (elem == NULL)
                return (0);
        (void) strlcpy(pool, nvpair_name(elem), sizeof (pool));
        pool[strcspn(pool, "/#")] = '\0';

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_BOOKMARK, pool, bookmarks, errlist);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Retrieve bookmarks.
 *
 * Retrieve the list of bookmarks for the given file system. The props
 * parameter is an nvlist of property names (with no values) that will be
 * returned for each bookmark.
 *
 * The following are valid properties on bookmarks, all of which are numbers
 * (represented as uint64 in the nvlist)
 *
 * "guid" - globally unique identifier of the snapshot it refers to
 * "createtxg" - txg when the snapshot it refers to was created
 * "creation" - timestamp when the snapshot it refers to was created
 *
 * The format of the returned nvlist as follows:
 * <short name of bookmark> -> {
 *     <name of property> -> {
 *         "value" -> uint64
 *     }
 *  }
 */
int
lzc_get_bookmarks(const char *fsname, nvlist_t *props, nvlist_t **bmarks)
{
        return (lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_GET_BOOKMARKS, fsname, props, bmarks));
}

/*
 * Destroys bookmarks.
 *
 * The keys in the bmarks nvlist are the bookmarks to be destroyed.
 * They must all be in the same pool.  Bookmarks are specified as
 * <fs>#<bmark>.
 *
 * Bookmarks that do not exist will be silently ignored.
 *
 * The return value will be 0 if all bookmarks that existed were destroyed.
 *
 * Otherwise the return value will be the errno of a (undetermined) bookmark
 * that failed, no bookmarks will be destroyed, and the errlist will have an
 * entry for each bookmarks that failed.  The value in the errlist will be
 * the (int32) error code.
 */
int
lzc_destroy_bookmarks(nvlist_t *bmarks, nvlist_t **errlist)
{
        nvpair_t *elem;
        int error;
        char pool[ZFS_MAX_DATASET_NAME_LEN];

        /* determine the pool name */
        elem = nvlist_next_nvpair(bmarks, NULL);
        if (elem == NULL)
                return (0);
        (void) strlcpy(pool, nvpair_name(elem), sizeof (pool));
        pool[strcspn(pool, "/#")] = '\0';

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_DESTROY_BOOKMARKS, pool, bmarks, errlist);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Executes a channel program.
 *
 * If this function returns 0 the channel program was successfully loaded and
 * ran without failing. Note that individual commands the channel program ran
 * may have failed and the channel program is responsible for reporting such
 * errors through outnvl if they are important.
 *
 * This method may also return:
 *
 * EINVAL   The program contains syntax errors, or an invalid memory or time
 *          limit was given. No part of the channel program was executed.
 *          If caused by syntax errors, 'outnvl' contains information about the
 *          errors.
 *
 * ECHRNG   The program was executed, but encountered a runtime error, such as
 *          calling a function with incorrect arguments, invoking the error()
 *          function directly, failing an assert() command, etc. Some portion
 *          of the channel program may have executed and committed changes.
 *          Information about the failure can be found in 'outnvl'.
 *
 * ENOMEM   The program fully executed, but the output buffer was not large
 *          enough to store the returned value. No output is returned through
 *          'outnvl'.
 *
 * ENOSPC   The program was terminated because it exceeded its memory usage
 *          limit. Some portion of the channel program may have executed and
 *          committed changes to disk. No output is returned through 'outnvl'.
 *
 * ETIME    The program was terminated because it exceeded its Lua instruction
 *          limit. Some portion of the channel program may have executed and
 *          committed changes to disk. No output is returned through 'outnvl'.
 */
int
lzc_channel_program(const char *pool, const char *program, uint64_t instrlimit,
    uint64_t memlimit, nvlist_t *argnvl, nvlist_t **outnvl)
{
        int error;
        nvlist_t *args;

        args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_string(args, ZCP_ARG_PROGRAM, program);
        fnvlist_add_nvlist(args, ZCP_ARG_ARGLIST, argnvl);
        fnvlist_add_uint64(args, ZCP_ARG_INSTRLIMIT, instrlimit);
        fnvlist_add_uint64(args, ZCP_ARG_MEMLIMIT, memlimit);
        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_CHANNEL_PROGRAM, pool, args, outnvl);
        fnvlist_free(args);

        return (error);
}

/*
 * Performs key management functions
 *
 * crypto_cmd should be a value from zfs_ioc_crypto_cmd_t. If the command
 * specifies to load or change a wrapping key, the key should be specified in
 * the hidden_args nvlist so that it is not logged
 */
int
lzc_load_key(const char *fsname, boolean_t noop, uint8_t *wkeydata,
    uint_t wkeylen)
{
        int error;
        nvlist_t *ioc_args;
        nvlist_t *hidden_args;

        if (wkeydata == NULL)
                return (EINVAL);

        ioc_args = fnvlist_alloc();
        hidden_args = fnvlist_alloc();
        fnvlist_add_uint8_array(hidden_args, "wkeydata", wkeydata, wkeylen);
        fnvlist_add_nvlist(ioc_args, ZPOOL_HIDDEN_ARGS, hidden_args);
        if (noop)
                fnvlist_add_boolean(ioc_args, "noop");
        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_LOAD_KEY, fsname, ioc_args, NULL);
        nvlist_free(hidden_args);
        nvlist_free(ioc_args);

        return (error);
}

int
lzc_unload_key(const char *fsname)
{
        return (lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_UNLOAD_KEY, fsname, NULL, NULL));
}

int
lzc_change_key(const char *fsname, uint64_t crypt_cmd, nvlist_t *props,
    uint8_t *wkeydata, uint_t wkeylen)
{
        int error;
        nvlist_t *ioc_args = fnvlist_alloc();
        nvlist_t *hidden_args = NULL;

        fnvlist_add_uint64(ioc_args, "crypt_cmd", crypt_cmd);

        if (wkeydata != NULL) {
                hidden_args = fnvlist_alloc();
                fnvlist_add_uint8_array(hidden_args, "wkeydata", wkeydata,
                    wkeylen);
                fnvlist_add_nvlist(ioc_args, ZPOOL_HIDDEN_ARGS, hidden_args);
        }

        if (props != NULL)
                fnvlist_add_nvlist(ioc_args, "props", props);

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_CHANGE_KEY, fsname, ioc_args, NULL);
        nvlist_free(hidden_args);
        nvlist_free(ioc_args);

        return (error);
}

int
lzc_reopen(const char *pool_name, boolean_t scrub_restart)
{
        nvlist_t *args = fnvlist_alloc();
        int error;

        fnvlist_add_boolean_value(args, "scrub_restart", scrub_restart);

        error = lzc_ioctl(ZFS_IOC_POOL_REOPEN, pool_name, args, NULL);
        nvlist_free(args);
        return (error);
}