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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1>
21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
25 <p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
26 <a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
27 how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically
28 configured virtual hosts.</p>
30 <div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure
31 virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to
35 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></li>
36 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic
37 Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li>
38 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li>
39 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques and tricks</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li></ul></div>
40 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
42 <h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2>
50 <p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname
51 which resolves in our domain, without having to create
52 new VirtualHost sections.</p>
54 <p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname
55 <code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
56 user, and serve their content out of
57 <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p>
64 <div class="example"><pre>
67 RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower
69 RewriteCond %{lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}} ^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$
70 RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1
76 <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
77 resolution - Apache does
78 not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
79 records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS
80 records is beyond the scope of this document.</div>
82 <p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to
83 ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is
84 no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p>
86 <p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the
87 backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses
88 used in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are
89 captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>,
93 As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really
94 isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead,
95 consider using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much
96 more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any
97 dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
102 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
103 <div class="section">
104 <h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Dynamic
105 Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2>
107 <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same
108 thing as <a href="#simple">the first example</a>. The first
109 half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for
110 some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the
111 <code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half
112 configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p>
114 <p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation
115 modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must
116 be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled
117 by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass
118 any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have
119 <code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p>
121 <div class="example"><p><code>
122 # get the server name from the Host: header<br />
123 UseCanonicalName Off<br />
125 # splittable logs<br />
126 LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon<br />
127 CustomLog logs/access_log vcommon<br />
129 <Directory /www/hosts><br />
130 <span class="indent">
131 # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force<br />
132 # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does<br />
133 Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI<br />
135 </Directory><br />
137 RewriteEngine On<br />
139 # a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all<br />
140 RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
142 ## deal with normal documents first:<br />
143 # allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases<br />
144 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
145 # allow CGIs to work<br />
146 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
148 RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1<br />
150 ## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler<br />
151 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
152 RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]<br />
155 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
156 <div class="section">
157 <h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></h2>
159 <p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
160 features to work out the translation from virtual host to document
161 root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more
162 flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p>
164 <p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like
167 <div class="example"><p><code>
168 www.customer-1.com /www/customers/1<br />
169 www.customer-2.com /www/customers/2<br />
171 www.customer-N.com /www/customers/N<br />
174 <p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p>
176 <div class="example"><p><code>
177 RewriteEngine on<br />
179 RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower<br />
181 # define the map file<br />
182 RewriteMap vhost txt:/www/conf/vhost.map<br />
184 # deal with aliases as above<br />
185 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/icons/<br />
186 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/cgi-bin/<br />
187 RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
188 # this does the file-based remap<br />
189 RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
190 RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/docs/$1<br />
192 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/cgi-bin/<br />
193 RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}} ^(.+)$<br />
194 RewriteCond ${vhost:%1} ^(/.*)$<br />
195 RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ %1/cgi-bin/$1 [H=cgi-script]
199 <div class="bottomlang">
200 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
201 </div><div id="footer">
202 <p class="apache">Copyright 2010 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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