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  10 <title>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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  19 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/quickreference.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
  20 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
  21 <img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
  22 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
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  24 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> &gt; <a href="./">Rewrite</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Dynamic mass virtual hosts with mod_rewrite</h1>
  25 <div class="toplang">
  26 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
  27 </div>
  28
  29
  30 <p>This document supplements the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
  31 <a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">reference documentation</a>. It describes
  32 how you can use <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> to create dynamically
  33 configured virtual hosts.</p>
  34
  35 <div class="warning">mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure
  36 virtual hosts. You should first consider the <a href="../vhosts/mass.html">alternatives</a> before resorting to
  37 mod_rewrite. See also the "<a href="avoid.html#vhosts">how to avoid
  38 mod_rewrite</a> document.</div>
  39
  40 </div>
  41 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></li>
  42 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#simple.rewrite">Dynamic
  43     Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></li>
  44 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></li>
  45 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">Module documentation</a></li><li><a href="intro.html">mod_rewrite introduction</a></li><li><a href="remapping.html">Redirection and remapping</a></li><li><a href="access.html">Controlling access</a></li><li><a href="proxy.html">Proxying</a></li><li><a href="rewritemap.html">RewriteMap</a></li><li><a href="advanced.html">Advanced techniques</a></li><li><a href="avoid.html">When not to use mod_rewrite</a></li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
  46 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
  47 <div class="section">
  48 <h2><a name="per-hostname" id="per-hostname">Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames</a></h2>
  49
  50
  51
  52   <dl>
  53     <dt>Description:</dt>
  54
  55     <dd>
  56     <p>We want to automatically create a virtual host for every hostname
  57     which resolves in our domain, without having to create
  58     new VirtualHost sections.</p>
  59
  60     <p>In this recipe, we assume that we'll be using the hostname
  61     <code>www.<strong>SITE</strong>.example.com</code> for each
  62     user, and serve their content out of
  63     <code>/home/<strong>SITE</strong>/www</code>.</p>
  64     </dd>
  65
  66     <dt>Solution:</dt>
  67
  68     <dd>
  69
  70 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on
  71
  72 RewriteMap    lowercase "int:tolower"
  73
  74 RewriteCond   "${lowercase:%{<strong>HTTP_HOST</strong>}}"   "^www\.<strong>([^.]+)</strong>\.example\.com$"
  75 RewriteRule   "^(.*)"                                        "/home/<strong>%1</strong>/www$1"</pre>
  76 </dd>
  77
  78 <dt>Discussion</dt>
  79     <dd>
  80
  81     <div class="warning">You will need to take care of the DNS
  82     resolution - Apache does
  83     not handle name resolution. You'll need either to create CNAME
  84     records for each hostname, or a DNS wildcard record. Creating DNS
  85     records is beyond the scope of this document.</div>
  86
  87 <p>The internal <code>tolower</code> RewriteMap directive is used to
  88 ensure that the hostnames being used are all lowercase, so that there is
  89 no ambiguity in the directory structure which must be created.</p>
  90
  91 <p>Parentheses used in a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> are captured into the
  92 backreferences <code>%1</code>, <code>%2</code>, etc, while parentheses
  93 used in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> are
  94 captured into the backreferences <code>$1</code>, <code>$2</code>,
  95 etc.</p>
  96
  97 <p>
  98 As with many techniques discussed in this document, mod_rewrite really
  99 isn't the best way to accomplish this task. You should, instead,
 100 consider using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_vhost_alias.html">mod_vhost_alias</a></code> instead, as it will much
 101 more gracefully handle anything beyond serving static files, such as any
 102 dynamic content, and Alias resolution.
 103 </p>
 104     </dd>
 105   </dl>
 106
 107 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 108 <div class="section">
 109 <h2><a name="simple.rewrite" id="simple.rewrite">Dynamic
 110     Virtual Hosts Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code></a></h2>
 111
 112     <p>This extract from <code>httpd.conf</code> does the same
 113     thing as <a href="#per-hostname">the first example</a>. The first
 114     half is very similar to the corresponding part above, except for
 115     some changes, required for backward compatibility and to make the
 116     <code>mod_rewrite</code> part work properly; the second half
 117     configures <code>mod_rewrite</code> to do the actual work.</p>
 118
 119     <p>Because <code>mod_rewrite</code> runs before other URI translation
 120     modules (e.g., <code>mod_alias</code>), <code>mod_rewrite</code> must
 121     be told to explicitly ignore any URLs that would have been handled
 122     by those modules. And, because these rules would otherwise bypass
 123     any <code>ScriptAlias</code> directives, we must have
 124     <code>mod_rewrite</code> explicitly enact those mappings.</p>
 125
 126 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"># get the server name from the Host: header
 127 UseCanonicalName Off
 128
 129 # splittable logs
 130 LogFormat "%{Host}i %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %s %b" vcommon
 131 CustomLog "logs/access_log" vcommon
 132
 133 &lt;Directory "/www/hosts"&gt;
 134     # ExecCGI is needed here because we can't force
 135     # CGI execution in the way that ScriptAlias does
 136     Options FollowSymLinks ExecCGI
 137 &lt;/Directory&gt;
 138
 139 RewriteEngine On
 140
 141 # a ServerName derived from a Host: header may be any case at all
 142 RewriteMap  lowercase  "int:tolower"
 143
 144 ## deal with normal documents first:
 145 # allow Alias /icons/ to work - repeat for other aliases
 146 RewriteCond  "%{REQUEST_URI}"  "!^/icons/"
 147 # allow CGIs to work
 148 RewriteCond  "%{REQUEST_URI}"  "!^/cgi-bin/"
 149 # do the magic
 150 RewriteRule  "^/(.*)$"         "/www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/docs/$1"
 151
 152 ## and now deal with CGIs - we have to force a handler
 153 RewriteCond  "%{REQUEST_URI}"  "^/cgi-bin/"
 154 RewriteRule  "^/(.*)$"         "/www/hosts/${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}/cgi-bin/$1"  [H=cgi-script]</pre>
 155
 156
 157 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
 158 <div class="section">
 159 <h2><a name="xtra-conf" id="xtra-conf">Using a Separate Virtual Host Configuration File</a></h2>
 160
 161     <p>This arrangement uses more advanced <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
 162     features to work out the translation from virtual host to document
 163     root, from a separate configuration file. This provides more
 164     flexibility, but requires more complicated configuration.</p>
 165
 166     <p>The <code>vhost.map</code> file should look something like
 167     this:</p>
 168
 169 <div class="example"><p><code>
 170 customer-1.example.com  /www/customers/1<br />
 171 customer-2.example.com  /www/customers/2<br />
 172 # ...<br />
 173 customer-N.example.com  /www/customers/N<br />
 174 </code></p></div>
 175
 176     <p>The <code>httpd.conf</code> should contain the following:</p>
 177
 178 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">RewriteEngine on
 179
 180 RewriteMap   lowercase  "int:tolower"
 181
 182 # define the map file
 183 RewriteMap   vhost      "txt:/www/conf/vhost.map"
 184
 185 # deal with aliases as above
 186 RewriteCond  "%{REQUEST_URI}"               "!^/icons/"
 187 RewriteCond  "%{REQUEST_URI}"               "!^/cgi-bin/"
 188 RewriteCond  "${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}"  "^(.+)$"
 189 # this does the file-based remap
 190 RewriteCond  "${vhost:%1}"                  "^(/.*)$"
 191 RewriteRule  "^/(.*)$"                      "%1/docs/$1"
 192
 193 RewriteCond  "%{REQUEST_URI}"               "^/cgi-bin/"
 194 RewriteCond  "${lowercase:%{SERVER_NAME}}"  "^(.+)$"
 195 RewriteCond  "${vhost:%1}"                  "^(/.*)$"
 196 RewriteRule  "^/(.*)$"                      "%1/cgi-bin/$1" [H=cgi-script]</pre>
 197
 198
 199 </div></div>
 200 <div class="bottomlang">
 201 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/rewrite/vhosts.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
 202 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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