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8 <title>htpasswd - Manage user files for basic authentication - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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18 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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22 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Programs</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>htpasswd - Manage user files for basic authentication</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/htpasswd.html" title="English"> en </a> |
25 <a href="../ko/programs/htpasswd.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
26 <a href="../tr/programs/htpasswd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
29 <p><code>htpasswd</code> is used to create and update the flat-files used to
30 store usernames and password for basic authentication of HTTP users. If
31 <code>htpasswd</code> cannot access a file, such as not being able to write
32 to the output file or not being able to read the file in order to update it,
33 it returns an error status and makes no changes.</p>
35 <p>Resources available from the Apache HTTP server can be restricted to
36 just the users listed in the files created by <code>htpasswd</code>. This
37 program can only manage usernames and passwords stored in a flat-file. It
38 can encrypt and display password information for use in other types of data
39 stores, though. To use a DBM database see <code class="program"><a href="../programs/dbmmanage.html">dbmmanage</a></code> or
40 <code class="program"><a href="../programs/htdbm.html">htdbm</a></code>.</p>
42 <p><code>htpasswd</code> encrypts passwords using either bcrypt,
43 a version of MD5 modified for Apache, SHA1, or the system's
44 <code>crypt()</code> routine. Files
45 managed by <code>htpasswd</code> may contain a mixture of different encoding
46 types of passwords; some
47 user records may have bcrypt or MD5-encrypted passwords while others in the
48 same file may have passwords encrypted with <code>crypt()</code>.</p>
50 <p>This manual page only lists the command line arguments. For details of
51 the directives necessary to configure user authentication in
52 <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> see the Apache manual, which is part of the
53 Apache distribution or can be found at <a href="http://httpd.apache.org">http://httpd.apache.org/</a>.</p>
55 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
56 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#options">Options</a></li>
57 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#exit">Exit Status</a></li>
58 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
59 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#security">Security Considerations</a></li>
60 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#restrictions">Restrictions</a></li>
61 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/htdbm.html">htdbm</a></code></li><li>The scripts in support/SHA1 which come with the
62 distribution.</li></ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
63 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
65 <h2><a name="synopsis" id="synopsis">Synopsis</a></h2>
66 <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong>
67 [ -<strong>c</strong> ]
68 [ -<strong>i</strong> ]
69 [ -<strong>m</strong> |
74 [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ]
75 [ -<strong>D</strong> ]
76 [ -<strong>v</strong> ] <var>passwdfile</var> <var>username</var></code></p>
78 <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong> -<strong>b</strong>
79 [ -<strong>c</strong> ]
80 [ -<strong>m</strong> |
85 [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ]
86 [ -<strong>D</strong> ]
87 [ -<strong>v</strong> ] <var>passwdfile</var> <var>username</var>
88 <var>password</var></code></p>
90 <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong> -<strong>n</strong>
91 [ -<strong>i</strong> ]
92 [ -<strong>m</strong> |
97 [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] <var>username</var></code></p>
99 <p><code><strong>htpasswd</strong> -<strong>nb</strong>
100 [ -<strong>m</strong> |
101 -<strong>B</strong> |
102 -<strong>d</strong> |
103 -<strong>s</strong> |
104 -<strong>p</strong> ]
105 [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cost</var> ] <var>username</var>
106 <var>password</var></code></p>
107 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
108 <div class="section">
109 <h2><a name="options" id="options">Options</a></h2>
111 <dt><code>-b</code></dt>
112 <dd>Use batch mode; <em>i.e.</em>, get the password from the command line
113 rather than prompting for it. This option should be used with extreme care,
114 since <strong>the password is clearly visible</strong> on the command
115 line. For script use see the <code>-i</code> option.<br />
116 Available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd>
118 <dt><code>-i</code></dt>
119 <dd>Read the password from stdin without verification (for script usage).</dd>
121 <dt><code>-c</code></dt>
122 <dd>Create the <var>passwdfile</var>. If <var>passwdfile</var> already
123 exists, it is rewritten and truncated. This option cannot be combined with
124 the <code>-n</code> option.</dd>
126 <dt><code>-n</code></dt>
127 <dd>Display the results on standard output rather than updating a file.
128 This is useful for generating password records acceptable to Apache for
129 inclusion in non-text data stores. This option changes the syntax of the
130 command line, since the <var>passwdfile</var> argument (usually the first
131 one) is omitted. It cannot be combined with the <code>-c</code> option.</dd>
133 <dt><code>-m</code></dt>
134 <dd>Use MD5 encryption for passwords. This is the default (since version
137 <dt><code>-B</code></dt>
138 <dd>Use bcrypt encryption for passwords. This is currently considered to
141 <dt><code>-C</code></dt>
142 <dd>This flag is only allowed in combination with <code>-B</code> (bcrypt
143 encryption). It sets the computing time used for the bcrypt algorithm
144 (higher is more secure but slower, default: 5, valid: 4 to 31).</dd>
146 <dt><code>-d</code></dt>
147 <dd>Use <code>crypt()</code> encryption for passwords. This is not
148 supported by the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> server on Windows and
149 Netware. This algorithm limits the password length to 8 characters.
150 This algorithm is <strong>insecure</strong> by today's standards.
151 It used to be the default algorithm until version 2.2.17.</dd>
153 <dt><code>-s</code></dt>
154 <dd>Use SHA encryption for passwords. Facilitates migration from/to Netscape
155 servers using the LDAP Directory Interchange Format (ldif).
156 This algorithm is <strong>insecure</strong> by today's standards.</dd>
158 <dt><code>-p</code></dt>
159 <dd>Use plaintext passwords. Though <code>htpasswd</code> will support
160 creation on all platforms, the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> daemon will
161 only accept plain text passwords on Windows and Netware.</dd>
163 <dt><code>-D</code></dt>
164 <dd>Delete user. If the username exists in the specified htpasswd file, it
165 will be deleted.</dd>
167 <dt><code>-v</code></dt>
168 <dd>Verify password. Verify that the given password matches the password
169 of the user stored in the specified htpasswd file.<br />
170 Available in 2.4.5 and later.</dd>
172 <dt><code><var>passwdfile</var></code></dt>
173 <dd>Name of the file to contain the user name and password. If
174 <code>-c</code> is given, this file is created if it does not already exist,
175 or rewritten and truncated if it does exist.</dd>
177 <dt><code><var>username</var></code></dt>
178 <dd>The username to create or update in <var>passwdfile</var>. If
179 <var>username</var> does not exist in this file, an entry is added. If it
180 does exist, the password is changed.</dd>
182 <dt><code><var>password</var></code></dt>
183 <dd>The plaintext password to be encrypted and stored in the file. Only
184 used with the <code>-b</code> flag.</dd>
186 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
187 <div class="section">
188 <h2><a name="exit" id="exit">Exit Status</a></h2>
189 <p><code>htpasswd</code> returns a zero status ("true") if the username and
190 password have been successfully added or updated in the
191 <var>passwdfile</var>. <code>htpasswd</code> returns <code>1</code> if it
192 encounters some problem accessing files, <code>2</code> if there was a
193 syntax problem with the command line, <code>3</code> if the password was
194 entered interactively and the verification entry didn't match,
195 <code>4</code> if its operation was interrupted, <code>5</code> if a value
196 is too long (username, filename, password, or final computed record),
197 <code>6</code> if the username contains illegal characters (see the
198 <a href="#restrictions">Restrictions section</a>), and <code>7</code>
199 if the file is not a valid password file.</p>
200 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
201 <div class="section">
202 <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
203 <div class="example"><p><code>
204 htpasswd /usr/local/etc/apache/.htpasswd-users jsmith
207 <p>Adds or modifies the password for user <code>jsmith</code>. The user
208 is prompted for the password. The password will be encrypted using the
209 modified Apache MD5 algorithm. If the file does not exist,
210 <code>htpasswd</code> will do nothing except return an error.</p>
212 <div class="example"><p><code>
213 htpasswd -c /home/doe/public_html/.htpasswd jane
216 <p>Creates a new file and stores a record in it for user <code>jane</code>.
217 The user is prompted for the password. If the file exists and cannot be
218 read, or cannot be written, it is not altered and <code>htpasswd</code>
219 will display a message and return an error status.</p>
221 <div class="example"><p><code>
222 htpasswd -db /usr/web/.htpasswd-all jones Pwd4Steve
225 <p>Encrypts the password from the command line (<code>Pwd4Steve</code>)
226 using the <code>crypt()</code> algorithm, and stores it in the specified
228 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
229 <div class="section">
230 <h2><a name="security" id="security">Security Considerations</a></h2>
231 <p>Web password files such as those managed by <code>htpasswd</code> should
232 <em>not</em> be within the Web server's URI space -- that is, they should
233 not be fetchable with a browser.</p>
235 <p>This program is not safe as a setuid executable. Do <em>not</em> make it
238 <p>The use of the <code>-b</code> option is discouraged, since when it is
239 used the unencrypted password appears on the command line.</p>
241 <p>When using the <code>crypt()</code> algorithm, note that only the first
242 8 characters of the password are used to form the password. If the supplied
243 password is longer, the extra characters will be silently discarded.</p>
245 <p>The SHA encryption format does not use salting: for a given password,
246 there is only one encrypted representation. The <code>crypt()</code> and
247 MD5 formats permute the representation by prepending a random salt string,
248 to make dictionary attacks against the passwords more difficult.</p>
250 <p>The SHA and <code>crypt()</code> formats are insecure by today's
252 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
253 <div class="section">
254 <h2><a name="restrictions" id="restrictions">Restrictions</a></h2>
255 <p>On the Windows platform, passwords encrypted with
256 <code>htpasswd</code> are limited to no more than <code>255</code>
257 characters in length. Longer passwords will be truncated to 255
260 <p>The MD5 algorithm used by <code>htpasswd</code> is specific to the Apache
261 software; passwords encrypted using it will not be usable with other Web
264 <p>Usernames are limited to <code>255</code> bytes and may not include the
265 character <code>:</code>.</p>
267 <div class="bottomlang">
268 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/htpasswd.html" title="English"> en </a> |
269 <a href="../ko/programs/htpasswd.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
270 <a href="../tr/programs/htpasswd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
271 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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