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10 <title>ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool - Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</title>
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20 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
21 <img alt="" src="../images/feather.png" /></div>
22 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
24 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Programs</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>ab - Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool</h1>
26 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/ab.html" title="English"> en </a> |
27 <a href="../fr/programs/ab.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a> |
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32 <p><code>ab</code> is a tool for benchmarking your Apache Hypertext
33 Transfer Protocol (HTTP) server. It is designed to give you an impression
34 of how your current Apache installation performs. This especially shows
35 you how many requests per second your Apache installation is capable of
38 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
39 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#options">Options</a></li>
40 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#output">Output</a></li>
41 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bugs">Bugs</a></li>
42 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></li><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
43 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
45 <h2><a name="synopsis" id="synopsis">Synopsis</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#synopsis" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
46 <p><code><strong>ab</strong>
47 [ -<strong>A</strong> <var>auth-username</var>:<var>password</var> ]
48 [ -<strong>b</strong> <var>windowsize</var> ]
49 [ -<strong>B</strong> <var>local-address</var> ]
50 [ -<strong>c</strong> <var>concurrency</var> ]
51 [ -<strong>C</strong> <var>cookie-name</var>=<var>value</var> ]
52 [ -<strong>d</strong> ]
53 [ -<strong>e</strong> <var>csv-file</var> ]
54 [ -<strong>E</strong> <var>client-certificate file</var> ]
55 [ -<strong>f</strong> <var>protocol</var> ]
56 [ -<strong>g</strong> <var>gnuplot-file</var> ]
57 [ -<strong>h</strong> ]
58 [ -<strong>H</strong> <var>custom-header</var> ]
59 [ -<strong>i</strong> ]
60 [ -<strong>k</strong> ]
61 [ -<strong>l</strong> ]
62 [ -<strong>m</strong> <var>HTTP-method</var> ]
63 [ -<strong>n</strong> <var>requests</var> ]
64 [ -<strong>p</strong> <var>POST-file</var> ]
65 [ -<strong>P</strong> <var>proxy-auth-username</var>:<var>password</var> ]
66 [ -<strong>q</strong> ]
67 [ -<strong>r</strong> ]
68 [ -<strong>s</strong> <var>timeout</var> ]
69 [ -<strong>S</strong> ]
70 [ -<strong>t</strong> <var>timelimit</var> ]
71 [ -<strong>T</strong> <var>content-type</var> ]
72 [ -<strong>u</strong> <var>PUT-file</var> ]
73 [ -<strong>v</strong> <var>verbosity</var>]
74 [ -<strong>V</strong> ]
75 [ -<strong>w</strong> ]
76 [ -<strong>x</strong> <var><table>-attributes</var> ]
77 [ -<strong>X</strong> <var>proxy</var>[:<var>port</var>] ]
78 [ -<strong>y</strong> <var><tr>-attributes</var> ]
79 [ -<strong>z</strong> <var><td>-attributes</var> ]
80 [ -<strong>Z</strong> <var>ciphersuite</var> ]
81 [http[s]://]<var>hostname</var>[:<var>port</var>]/<var>path</var></code></p>
82 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
84 <h2><a name="options" id="options">Options</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#options" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
86 <dt><code>-A <var>auth-username</var>:<var>password</var></code></dt>
87 <dd>Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to the server. The username and
88 password are separated by a single <code>:</code> and sent on the wire
89 base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the server needs
90 it (<em>i.e.</em>, has sent an 401 authentication needed).</dd>
92 <dt><code>-b <var>windowsize</var></code></dt>
93 <dd>Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes.</dd>
95 <dt><code>-B <var>local-address</var></code></dt>
96 <dd>Address to bind to when making outgoing connections.</dd>
98 <dt><code>-c <var>concurrency</var></code></dt>
99 <dd>Number of multiple requests to perform at a time. Default is one
100 request at a time.</dd>
102 <dt><code>-C <var>cookie-name</var>=<var>value</var></code></dt>
103 <dd>Add a <code>Cookie:</code> line to the request. The argument is
104 typically in the form of a <code><var>name</var>=<var>value</var></code>
105 pair. This field is repeatable.</dd>
107 <dt><code>-d</code></dt>
108 <dd>Do not display the "percentage served within XX [ms] table". (legacy
111 <dt><code>-e <var>csv-file</var></code></dt>
112 <dd>Write a Comma separated value (CSV) file which contains for each
113 percentage (from 1% to 100%) the time (in milliseconds) it took to serve
114 that percentage of the requests. This is usually more useful than the
115 'gnuplot' file; as the results are already 'binned'.</dd>
117 <dt><code>-E <var>client-certificate-file</var></code></dt>
118 <dd>When connecting to an SSL website, use the provided client certificate
119 in PEM format to authenticate with the server. The file is expected to
120 contain the client certificate, followed by intermediate certificates,
121 followed by the private key. Available in 2.4.36 and later.</dd>
123 <dt><code>-f <var>protocol</var></code></dt>
124 <dd>Specify SSL/TLS protocol (SSL2, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2, or ALL).<br />
125 TLS1.1 and TLS1.2 support available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd>
127 <dt><code>-g <var>gnuplot-file</var></code></dt>
128 <dd>Write all measured values out as a 'gnuplot' or TSV (Tab separate
129 values) file. This file can easily be imported into packages like Gnuplot,
130 IDL, Mathematica, Igor or even Excel. The labels are on the first line of
133 <dt><code>-h</code></dt>
134 <dd>Display usage information.</dd>
136 <dt><code>-H <var>custom-header</var></code></dt>
137 <dd>Append extra headers to the request. The argument is typically in
138 the form of a valid header line, containing a colon-separated field-value
139 pair (<em>i.e.</em>, <code>"Accept-Encoding: zip/zop;8bit"</code>).</dd>
141 <dt><code>-i</code></dt>
142 <dd>Do <code>HEAD</code> requests instead of <code>GET</code>.</dd>
144 <dt><code>-k</code></dt>
145 <dd>Enable the HTTP KeepAlive feature, <em>i.e.</em>, perform multiple
146 requests within one HTTP session. Default is no KeepAlive.</dd>
148 <dt><code>-l</code></dt>
149 <dd>Do not report errors if the length of the responses is not constant. This
150 can be useful for dynamic pages.<br />
151 Available in 2.4.7 and later.
154 <dt><code>-m <var>HTTP-method</var></code></dt>
155 <dd>Custom HTTP method for the requests.<br />
156 Available in 2.4.10 and later.</dd>
158 <dt><code>-n <var>requests</var></code></dt>
159 <dd>Number of requests to perform for the benchmarking session. The default
160 is to just perform a single request which usually leads to
161 non-representative benchmarking results.</dd>
163 <dt><code>-p <var>POST-file</var></code></dt>
164 <dd>File containing data to POST. Remember to also set <code>-T</code>.</dd>
166 <dt><code>-P <var>proxy-auth-username</var>:<var>password</var></code></dt>
167 <dd>Supply BASIC Authentication credentials to a proxy en-route. The
168 username and password are separated by a single <code>:</code> and sent on
169 the wire base64 encoded. The string is sent regardless of whether the
170 proxy needs it (<em>i.e.</em>, has sent an 407 proxy authentication
173 <dt><code>-q</code></dt>
174 <dd>When processing more than 150 requests, <code>ab</code> outputs a
175 progress count on <code>stderr</code> every 10% or 100 requests or so. The
176 <code>-q</code> flag will suppress these messages.</dd>
178 <dt><code>-r</code></dt>
179 <dd>Don't exit on socket receive errors.</dd>
181 <dt><code>-s <var>timeout</var></code></dt>
182 <dd>Maximum number of seconds to wait before the socket times out.
183 Default is 30 seconds.<br />
184 Available in 2.4.4 and later.</dd>
186 <dt><code>-S</code></dt>
187 <dd>Do not display the median and standard deviation values, nor display
188 the warning/error messages when the average and median are more than
189 one or two times the standard deviation apart. And default to the
190 min/avg/max values. (legacy support).</dd>
192 <dt><code>-t <var>timelimit</var></code></dt>
193 <dd>Maximum number of seconds to spend for benchmarking. This implies a
194 <code>-n 50000</code> internally. Use this to benchmark the server within a
195 fixed total amount of time. Per default there is no timelimit.</dd>
197 <dt><code>-T <var>content-type</var></code></dt>
198 <dd>Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
199 <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code>.
200 Default is <code>text/plain</code>.</dd>
202 <dt><code>-u <var>PUT-file</var></code></dt>
203 <dd>File containing data to PUT. Remember to also set <code>-T</code>.</dd>
205 <dt><code>-v <var>verbosity</var></code></dt>
206 <dd>Set verbosity level - <code>4</code> and above prints information on
207 headers, <code>3</code> and above prints response codes (404, 200, etc.),
208 <code>2</code> and above prints warnings and info.</dd>
210 <dt><code>-V</code></dt>
211 <dd>Display version number and exit.</dd>
213 <dt><code>-w</code></dt>
214 <dd>Print out results in HTML tables. Default table is two columns wide,
215 with a white background.</dd>
217 <dt><code>-x <var><table>-attributes</var></code></dt>
218 <dd>String to use as attributes for <code><table></code>. Attributes
219 are inserted <code><table <var>here</var> ></code>.</dd>
221 <dt><code>-X <var>proxy</var>[:<var>port</var>]</code></dt>
222 <dd>Use a proxy server for the requests.</dd>
224 <dt><code>-y <var><tr>-attributes</var></code></dt>
225 <dd>String to use as attributes for <code><tr></code>.</dd>
227 <dt><code>-z <var><td>-attributes</var></code></dt>
228 <dd>String to use as attributes for <code><td></code>.</dd>
230 <dt><code>-Z <var>ciphersuite</var></code></dt>
231 <dd>Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)</dd>
233 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
234 <div class="section">
235 <h2><a name="output" id="output">Output</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#output" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
236 <p>The following list describes the values returned by <code>ab</code>:
240 <dt>Server Software</dt>
241 <dd>The value, if any, returned in the <var>server</var> HTTP header
242 of the first successful response. This includes all characters in the
243 header from beginning to the point a character with decimal value of 32
244 (most notably: a space or CR/LF) is detected.</dd>
246 <dt>Server Hostname</dt>
247 <dd>The DNS or IP address given on the command line</dd>
250 <dd>The port to which ab is connecting. If no port is given on the
251 command line, this will default to 80 for http and 443 for
254 <dt>SSL/TLS Protocol</dt>
255 <dd>The protocol parameters negotiated between the client and server.
256 This will only be printed if SSL is used.</dd>
258 <dt>Document Path</dt>
259 <dd>The request URI parsed from the command line string.</dd>
261 <dt>Document Length</dt>
262 <dd>This is the size in bytes of the first successfully returned document.
263 If the document length changes during testing, the response is
264 considered an error.</dd>
266 <dt>Concurrency Level</dt>
267 <dd>The number of concurrent clients used during the test</dd>
269 <dt>Time taken for tests</dt>
270 <dd>This is the time taken from the moment the first socket connection
271 is created to the moment the last response is received</dd>
273 <dt>Complete requests</dt>
274 <dd>The number of successful responses received</dd>
276 <dt>Failed requests</dt>
277 <dd>The number of requests that were considered a failure. If the
278 number is greater than zero, another line will be printed showing the
279 number of requests that failed due to connecting, reading, incorrect
280 content length, or exceptions.</dd>
282 <dt>Write errors</dt>
283 <dd>The number of errors that failed during write (broken pipe).</dd>
285 <dt>Non-2xx responses</dt>
286 <dd>The number of responses that were not in the 200 series of response
287 codes. If all responses were 200, this field is not printed.</dd>
289 <dt>Keep-Alive requests</dt>
290 <dd>The number of connections that resulted in Keep-Alive requests</dd>
292 <dt>Total body sent</dt>
293 <dd>If configured to send data as part of the test, this is the total
294 number of bytes sent during the tests. This field is omitted if the test
295 did not include a body to send.</dd>
297 <dt>Total transferred</dt>
298 <dd>The total number of bytes received from the server. This number
299 is essentially the number of bytes sent over the wire.</dd>
301 <dt>HTML transferred</dt>
302 <dd>The total number of document bytes received from the server. This
303 number excludes bytes received in HTTP headers</dd>
305 <dt>Requests per second</dt>
306 <dd>This is the number of requests per second. This value is the result
307 of dividing the number of requests by the total time taken</dd>
309 <dt>Time per request</dt>
310 <dd>The average time spent per request. The first value is calculated
311 with the formula <code>concurrency * timetaken * 1000 / done</code>
312 while the second value is calculated with the formula
313 <code>timetaken * 1000 / done</code></dd>
315 <dt>Transfer rate</dt>
316 <dd>The rate of transfer as calculated by the formula
317 <code>totalread / 1024 / timetaken</code></dd>
319 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
320 <div class="section">
321 <h2><a name="bugs" id="bugs">Bugs</a><a title="Permanent link" href="#bugs" class="permalink">¶</a></h2>
322 <p>There are various statically declared buffers of fixed length. Combined
323 with the lazy parsing of the command line arguments, the response headers
324 from the server and other external inputs, this might bite you.</p>
326 <p>It does not implement HTTP/1.x fully; only accepts some 'expected' forms
327 of responses. The rather heavy use of <code>strstr(3)</code> shows up top
328 in profile, which might indicate a performance problem; <em>i.e.</em>, you
329 would measure the <code>ab</code> performance rather than the server's.</p>
331 <div class="bottomlang">
332 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/programs/ab.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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