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8 <title>Overview of new features in Apache 2.2 - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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14 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
16 <img alt="" src="./images/feather.gif" /></div>
17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.3</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Overview of new features in Apache 2.2</h1>
21 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="./en/new_features_2_2.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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27 <p>This document describes some of the major changes between the
28 2.0 and 2.2 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since
29 version 1.3, see the <a href="new_features_2_0.html">2.0 new features</a>
32 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#core">Core Enhancements</a></li>
33 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#module">Module Enhancements</a></li>
34 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#programs">Program Enhancements</a></li>
35 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#developer">Module Developer Changes</a></li>
37 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
39 <h2><a name="core" id="core">Core Enhancements</a></h2>
44 <dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have
45 been refactored. The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_alias.html">mod_authn_alias</a></code> module
46 can greatly simplify certain authentication configurations.
47 See <a href="#module">module name changes</a>, and
48 <a href="#developer">the developer changes</a> for more
49 information about how these changes affects users and module
53 <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_cache.html">mod_cache</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_disk_cache.html">mod_disk_cache</a></code>, and
54 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_mem_cache.html">mod_mem_cache</a></code> have undergone a lot of changes, and
55 are now considered production-quality. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/htcacheclean.html">htcacheclean</a></code>
56 has been introduced to clean up <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_disk_cache.html">mod_disk_cache</a></code>
59 <dt>Configuration</dt>
60 <dd>The default configuration layout has been simplified and
61 modularised. Configuration snippets which can be used to
62 enable commonly-used features are now bundled with Apache, and
63 can be easily added to the main server config.</dd>
65 <dt>Graceful stop</dt>
66 <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/prefork.html">prefork</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="./mod/worker.html">worker</a></code> and
67 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPMs now allow <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
68 to be shutdown gracefully via the
69 <a href="stopping.html#gracefulstop"><code>graceful-stop</code></a>
70 signal. The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#gracefulshutdowntimeout">GracefulShutdownTimeout</a></code> directive
71 has been added to specify an optional timeout, after which
72 <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> will terminate regardless of the status
73 of any requests being served.</dd>
76 <dd>The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html">mod_proxy_balancer</a></code> module provides
77 load balancing services for <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>.
78 The new <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_proxy_ajp.html">mod_proxy_ajp</a></code> module adds support for the
79 <code>Apache JServ Protocol version 1.3</code> used by
80 <a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/">Apache Tomcat</a>.</dd>
82 <dt>Regular Expression Library Updated</dt>
83 <dd>Version 5.0 of the
84 <a href="http://www.pcre.org/">Perl Compatible Regular Expression
85 Library</a> (PCRE) is now included. <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> can be
86 configured to use a system installation of PCRE by passing the
87 <code>--with-pcre</code> flag to configure.</dd>
89 <dt>Smart Filtering</dt>
90 <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code> introduces dynamic configuration
91 to the output filter chain. It enables filters to be conditionally
92 inserted, based on any Request or Response header or environment
93 variable, and dispenses with the more problematic dependencies and
94 ordering problems in the 2.0 architecture.</dd>
96 <dt>Large File Support</dt>
97 <dd>httpd is now built with support for files larger than 2GB on
98 modern 32-bit Unix systems. Support for handling >2GB request
99 bodies has also been added.</dd>
102 <dd>The <code class="module"><a href="./mod/event.html">event</a></code> MPM uses a separate thread to handle
103 Keep Alive requests and accepting connections. Keep Alive requests
104 have traditionally required httpd to dedicate a worker to handle it.
105 This dedicated worker could not be used again until the Keep Alive
106 timeout was reached.</dd>
108 <dt>SQL Database Support</dt>
109 <dd><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code>, together with the apr_dbd framework,
110 brings direct SQL support to modules that need it. Supports
111 connection pooling in threaded MPMs.</dd>
114 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
115 <div class="section">
116 <h2><a name="module" id="module">Module Enhancements</a></h2>
120 <dd>Modules in the aaa directory have been renamed and offer
121 better support for digest authentication. For example, mod_auth
122 is now split into <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_auth_basic.html">mod_auth_basic</a></code> and
123 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_file.html">mod_authn_file</a></code>; mod_auth_dbm is now called
124 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_dbm.html">mod_authn_dbm</a></code>; mod_access has been renamed
125 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>. There is also a new
126 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authn_alias.html">mod_authn_alias</a></code> module for simplifying
127 certain authentication configurations.
130 <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authnz_ldap.html">mod_authnz_ldap</a></code></dt>
131 <dd>This module is a port of the 2.0
132 <code>mod_auth_ldap</code> module to the 2.2 <code>Authn/Authz</code>
133 framework. New features include using LDAP attribute values and
134 complicated search filters in the
135 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive.</dd>
137 <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_authz_owner.html">mod_authz_owner</a></code></dt>
138 <dd>A new module that authorizes access to files based
139 on the owner of the file on the file system</dd>
141 <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_version.html">mod_version</a></code></dt>
142 <dd>A new module that allows configuration blocks to be enabled based on the
143 version number of the running server.</dd>
145 <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_info.html">mod_info</a></code></dt>
146 <dd>Added a new <code>?config</code> argument which will show
147 the configuration directives as parsed by Apache, including
148 their file name and line number. The module also
149 shows the order of all request hooks and additional
150 build information, similar to <code>httpd -V</code>.</dd>
152 <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code></dt>
154 <dd>Added a support for
155 <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2817.txt">RFC 2817</a>, which
156 allows connections to upgrade from clear text to TLS encryption.</dd>
158 <dt><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code></dt>
159 <dd>mod_imap has been renamed to <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_imagemap.html">mod_imagemap</a></code> to avoid
163 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
164 <div class="section">
165 <h2><a name="programs" id="programs">Program Enhancements</a></h2>
168 <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code></dt>
169 <dd>A new command line option <code>-M</code> has been added that
170 lists all modules that are loaded based on the current
171 configuration. Unlike the <code>-l</code> option, this list
172 includes DSOs loaded via <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_so.html">mod_so</a></code>.</dd>
173 <dt><code class="program"><a href="./programs/httxt2dbm.html">httxt2dbm</a></code></dt>
174 <dd>A new program used to generate dbm files from text input,
175 for use in <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mod_rewrite.html#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></code>
176 with the <code>dbm</code> map type.</dd>
178 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
179 <div class="section">
180 <h2><a name="developer" id="developer">Module Developer Changes</a></h2>
183 <dt><a class="glossarylink" href="./glossary.html#apr" title="see glossary">APR</a> 1.0 API</dt>
185 <dd>Apache 2.2 uses the APR 1.0 API. All deprecated functions and
186 symbols have been removed from <code>APR</code> and
187 <code>APR-Util</code>. For details, see the
188 <a href="http://apr.apache.org/">APR Website</a>.</dd>
191 <dd>The bundled authentication and authorization modules have
192 been renamed along the following lines:
194 <li>mod_auth_* -> Modules that implement an HTTP authentication mechanism</li>
195 <li>mod_authn_* -> Modules that provide a backend authentication provider</li>
196 <li>mod_authz_* -> Modules that implement authorization (or access)</li>
197 <li>mod_authnz_*-> Module that implements both authentication & authorization</li>
199 There is a new authentication backend provider
200 scheme which greatly eases the construction of new authentication
203 <dt>Connection Error Logging</dt>
205 <dd>A new function, <code>ap_log_cerror</code> has been added to log
206 errors that occur with the client's connection. When logged,
207 the message includes the client IP address.</dd>
209 <dt>Test Configuration Hook Added</dt>
211 <dd>A new hook, <code>test_config</code> has been added to aid
212 modules that want to execute special code only when the user passes
213 <code>-t</code> to <code class="program"><a href="./programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>.</dd>
215 <dt>Set Threaded MPM's Stacksize</dt>
217 <dd>A new directive, <code>ThreadStackSize</code> has been added to
218 set the stack size on all threaded MPMs. This is required
219 for some third-party modules on platforms with small default
220 thread stack size.</dd>
222 <dt>Protocol handling for output filters</dt>
224 <dd>In the past, every filter has been responsible for ensuring
225 that it generates the correct response headers where it affects
226 them. Filters can now delegate common protocol management to
227 <code class="module"><a href="./mod/mod_filter.html">mod_filter</a></code>, using the
228 <code>ap_register_output_filter_protocol</code> or
229 <code>ap_filter_protocol</code> calls.</dd>
231 <dt>Monitor hook added</dt>
232 <dd>Monitor hook enables modules to run regular/scheduled jobs
233 in the parent (root) process.</dd>
235 <dt>Regular expression API changes</dt>
237 <dd>The <code>pcreposix.h</code> header is no longer available;
238 it is replaced by the new <code>ap_regex.h</code> header. The
239 POSIX.2 <code>regex.h</code> implementation exposed by the old
240 header is now available under the <code>ap_</code> namespace
241 from <code>ap_regex.h</code>. Calls to <code>regcomp</code>,
242 <code>regexec</code> and so on can be replaced by calls to
243 <code>ap_regcomp</code>, <code>ap_regexec</code>.</dd>
245 <dt>DBD Framework (SQL Database API)</dt>
247 <dd><p>With Apache 1.x and 2.0, modules requiring an SQL backend
248 had to take responsibility for managing it themselves. Apart
249 from reinventing the wheel, this can be very inefficient, for
250 example when several modules each maintain their own connections.</p>
251 <p>Apache 2.1 and later provides the <code>ap_dbd</code> API for
252 managing database connections (including optimised strategies
253 for threaded and unthreaded MPMs), while APR 1.2 and later provides
254 the <code>apr_dbd</code> API for interacting with the database.</p>
255 <p>New modules SHOULD now use these APIs for all SQL database
256 operations. Existing applications SHOULD be upgraded to use it
257 where feasible, either transparently or as a recommended option
258 to their users.</p></dd>
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266 </div><div id="footer">
267 <p class="apache">Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
268 <p class="menu"><a href="./mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="./mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="./faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="./glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="./sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>