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24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_unixd</h1>
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English"> en </a> |
28 <a href="../tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Basic (required) security for Unix-family platforms.</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr></table>
33 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
35 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#chrootdir">ChrootDir</a></li>
36 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#group">Group</a></li>
37 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#suexec">Suexec</a></li>
38 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#user">User</a></li>
42 <li><a href="../suexec.html">suEXEC support</a></li>
43 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
45 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
46 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ChrootDir" id="ChrootDir">ChrootDir</a> <a name="chrootdir" id="chrootdir">Directive</a></h2>
47 <table class="directive">
48 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Directory for apache to run chroot(8) after startup.</td></tr>
49 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ChrootDir <var>/path/to/directory</var></code></td></tr>
50 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
51 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
52 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
53 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html">mod_unixd</a></code></td></tr>
54 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.2.10 and later</td></tr>
56 <p>This directive tells the server to <var>chroot(8)</var> to the
57 specified directory after startup, but before accepting requests
59 <p>Note that running the server under chroot is not simple,
60 and requires additional setup, particularly if you are running
61 scripts such as CGI or PHP. Please make sure you are properly
62 familiar with the operation of chroot before attempting to use
66 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
67 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Group" id="Group">Group</a> <a name="group" id="group">Directive</a></h2>
68 <table class="directive">
69 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Group under which the server will answer
71 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Group <var>unix-group</var></code></td></tr>
72 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Group #-1</code></td></tr>
73 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
74 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
75 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
76 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Only valid in global server config since Apache
79 <p>The <code class="directive">Group</code> directive sets the group under
80 which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
81 directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>. If
82 you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change to the
83 specified group, and will instead continue to run as the group of the
84 original user. <var>Unix-group</var> is one of:</p>
88 <dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd>
90 <dt><code>#</code> followed by a group number.</dt>
91 <dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd>
94 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
99 <p>It is recommended that you set up a new group specifically for
100 running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>,
101 but this is not always possible or desirable.</p>
103 <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
104 <p>Don't set <code class="directive">Group</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#user">User</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
105 you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
111 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostgroup">VHostGroup</a></code></li>
112 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
115 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
116 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Suexec" id="Suexec">Suexec</a> <a name="suexec" id="suexec">Directive</a></h2>
117 <table class="directive">
118 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable or disable the suEXEC feature</td></tr>
119 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Suexec On|Off</code></td></tr>
120 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>On if suexec binary exists with proper owner and mode,
121 Off otherwise</code></td></tr>
122 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
123 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
124 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
125 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache httpd 2.3.9 and later</td></tr>
127 <p>When On, startup will fail if the suexec binary doesn't exist
128 or has an invalid owner or file mode.</p>
129 <p>When Off, suEXEC will be disabled even if the suexec binary exists
130 and has a valid owner and file mode.</p>
133 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
134 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="User" id="User">User</a> <a name="user" id="user">Directive</a></h2>
135 <table class="directive">
136 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The userid under which the server will answer
138 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>User <var>unix-userid</var></code></td></tr>
139 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>User #-1</code></td></tr>
140 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
141 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
142 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
143 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Only valid in global server config since Apache
146 <p>The <code class="directive">User</code> directive sets the user ID as
147 which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
148 directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>.
149 If you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change
150 to the lesser privileged user, and will instead continue to run as
151 that original user. If you do start the server as <code>root</code>,
152 then it is normal for the parent process to remain running as root.
153 <var>Unix-userid</var> is one of:</p>
157 <dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd>
159 <dt># followed by a user number.</dt>
160 <dd>Refers to a user by its number.</dd>
163 <p>The user should have no privileges that result in it being
164 able to access files that are not intended to be visible to the
165 outside world, and similarly, the user should not be able to
166 execute code that is not meant for HTTP requests. It is
167 recommended that you set up a new user and group specifically for
168 running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>, but
169 this is not always desirable, since the <code>nobody</code> user
170 can have other uses on the system.</p>
172 <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
173 <p>Don't set <code class="directive">User</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#group">Group</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
174 you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
180 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostuser">VHostUser</a></code></li>
181 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
185 <div class="bottomlang">
186 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English"> en </a> |
187 <a href="../tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
188 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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