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8 <title>mod_unixd - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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17 <div id="page-header">
18 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
19 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
20 <img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
21 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="&lt;-" alt="&lt;-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
22 <div id="path">
23 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> &gt; <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> &gt; <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> &gt; <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_unixd</h1>
26 <div class="toplang">
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
28 <a href="../tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
29 </div>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Basic (required) security for Unix-family platforms.</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr></table>
32 </div>
33 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
34 <ul id="toc">
35 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#chrootdir">ChrootDir</a></li>
36 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#group">Group</a></li>
37 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#suexec">Suexec</a></li>
38 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#user">User</a></li>
39 </ul>
40 <h3>See also</h3>
41 <ul class="seealso">
42 <li><a href="../suexec.html">suEXEC support</a></li>
43 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
44
45 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
46 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="ChrootDir" id="ChrootDir">ChrootDir</a> <a name="chrootdir" id="chrootdir">Directive</a></h2>
47 <table class="directive">
48 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Directory for apache to run chroot(8) after startup.</td></tr>
49 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>ChrootDir <var>/path/to/directory</var></code></td></tr>
50 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
51 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
52 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
53 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_unixd.html">mod_unixd</a></code></td></tr>
54 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.2.10 and later</td></tr>
55 </table>
56     <p>This directive tells the server to <var>chroot(8)</var> to the
57     specified directory after startup, but before accepting requests
58     over the 'net.</p>
59     <p>Note that running the server under chroot is not simple,
60     and requires additional setup, particularly if you are running
61     scripts such as CGI or PHP.  Please make sure you are properly
62     familiar with the operation of chroot before attempting to use
63     this feature.</p>
64
65 </div>
66 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
67 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Group" id="Group">Group</a> <a name="group" id="group">Directive</a></h2>
68 <table class="directive">
69 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Group under which the server will answer
70 requests</td></tr>
71 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Group <var>unix-group</var></code></td></tr>
72 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>Group #-1</code></td></tr>
73 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
74 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
75 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
76 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Only valid in global server config since Apache
77 2.0</td></tr>
78 </table>
79     <p>The <code class="directive">Group</code> directive sets the group under
80     which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
81     directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>. If
82     you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change to the
83     specified group, and will instead continue to run as the group of the
84     original user. <var>Unix-group</var> is one of:</p>
85
86     <dl>
87       <dt>A group name</dt>
88       <dd>Refers to the given group by name.</dd>
89
90       <dt><code>#</code> followed by a group number.</dt>
91       <dd>Refers to a group by its number.</dd>
92     </dl>
93
94     <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
95       Group www-group
96       </pre>
97 </div>
98
99     <p>It is recommended that you set up a new group specifically for
100     running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>,
101     but this is not always possible or desirable.</p>
102
103     <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
104       <p>Don't set <code class="directive">Group</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#user">User</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
105       you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
106     </div>
107
108
109 <h3>See also</h3>
110 <ul>
111 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostgroup">VHostGroup</a></code></li>
112 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
113 </ul>
114 </div>
115 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
116 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Suexec" id="Suexec">Suexec</a> <a name="suexec" id="suexec">Directive</a></h2>
117 <table class="directive">
118 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable or disable the suEXEC feature</td></tr>
119 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Suexec On|Off</code></td></tr>
120 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>On if suexec binary exists with proper owner and mode,
121 Off otherwise</code></td></tr>
122 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
123 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
124 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
125 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache httpd 2.3.9 and later</td></tr>
126 </table>
127     <p>When On, startup will fail if the suexec binary doesn't exist
128     or has an invalid owner or file mode.</p>
129     <p>When Off, suEXEC will be disabled even if the suexec binary exists
130     and has a valid owner and file mode.</p>
131
132 </div>
133 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
134 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="User" id="User">User</a> <a name="user" id="user">Directive</a></h2>
135 <table class="directive">
136 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The userid under which the server will answer
137 requests</td></tr>
138 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>User <var>unix-userid</var></code></td></tr>
139 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>User #-1</code></td></tr>
140 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
141 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
142 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_unixd</td></tr>
143 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Only valid in global server config since Apache
144 2.0</td></tr>
145 </table>
146     <p>The <code class="directive">User</code> directive sets the user ID as
147     which the server will answer requests. In order to use this
148     directive, the server must be run initially as <code>root</code>.
149     If you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change
150     to the lesser privileged user, and will instead continue to run as
151     that original user. If you do start the server as <code>root</code>,
152     then it is normal for the parent process to remain running as root.
153     <var>Unix-userid</var> is one of:</p>
154
155     <dl>
156       <dt>A username</dt>
157       <dd>Refers to the given user by name.</dd>
158
159       <dt># followed by a user number.</dt>
160       <dd>Refers to a user by its number.</dd>
161     </dl>
162
163     <p>The user should have no privileges that result in it being
164     able to access files that are not intended to be visible to the
165     outside world, and similarly, the user should not be able to
166     execute code that is not meant for HTTP requests. It is
167     recommended that you set up a new user and group specifically for
168     running the server. Some admins use user <code>nobody</code>, but
169     this is not always desirable, since the <code>nobody</code> user
170     can have other uses on the system.</p>
171
172     <div class="warning"><h3>Security</h3>
173       <p>Don't set <code class="directive">User</code> (or <code class="directive"><a href="#group">Group</a></code>) to <code>root</code> unless
174       you know exactly what you are doing, and what the dangers are.</p>
175     </div>
176
177
178 <h3>See also</h3>
179 <ul>
180 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_privileges.html#vhostuser">VHostUser</a></code></li>
181 <li><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_suexec.html#suexecusergroup">SuexecUserGroup</a></code></li>
182 </ul>
183 </div>
184 </div>
185 <div class="bottomlang">
186 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_unixd.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a> |
187 <a href="../tr/mod/mod_unixd.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe">&nbsp;tr&nbsp;</a></p>
188 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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