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8 <title>mod_substitute - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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18 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/FAQ">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_substitute</h1>
26 <div class="toplang">
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_substitute.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
28 </div>
29 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Perform search and replace operations on response bodies</td></tr>
30 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>substitute_module</td></tr>
32 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_substitute.c</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache HTTP Server 2.2.7 and later</td></tr></table>
34 <h3>Summary</h3>
35
36     <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_substitute.html">mod_substitute</a></code> provides a mechanism to perform
37     both regular expression and fixed string substitutions on
38     response bodies.</p>
39 </div>
40 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
41 <ul id="toc">
42 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#substitute">Substitute</a></li>
43 </ul>
44 <ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
45
46 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
47 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Substitute" id="Substitute">Substitute</a> <a name="substitute" id="substitute">Directive</a></h2>
48 <table class="directive">
49 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Pattern to filter the response content</td></tr>
50 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Substitute <var>s/pattern/substitution/[infq]</var></code></td></tr>
51 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
52 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
53 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
54 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_substitute</td></tr>
55 </table>
56     <p>The <code class="directive">Substitute</code> directive specifies a
57     search and replace pattern to apply to the response body.</p>
58
59     <p>The meaning of the pattern can be modified by using any
60     combination of these flags:</p>
61
62     <dl>
63         <dt><code>i</code></dt>
64         <dd>Perform a case-insensitive match.</dd>
65         <dt><code>n</code></dt>
66         <dd>By default the pattern is treated as a regular expression.
67         Using the <code>n</code> flag forces the pattern to be treated
68         as a fixed string.</dd>
69         <dt><code>f</code></dt>
70         <dd>The <code>f</code> flag causes mod_substitute to flatten the
71         result of a substitution allowing for later substitutions to
72         take place on the boundary of this one. This is the default.</dd>
73         <dt><code>q</code></dt>
74         <dd>The <code>q</code> flag causes mod_substitute to not
75         flatten the buckets after each substitution. This can
76         result in much faster response and a decrease in memory
77         utilization, but should only be used if there is no possibility
78         that the result of one substitution will ever match a pattern
79         or regex of a subsequent one.</dd>
80     </dl>
81
82     <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
83 &lt;Location /&gt;
84     AddOutputFilterByType SUBSTITUTE text/html
85     Substitute s/foo/bar/ni
86 &lt;/Location&gt;
87         </pre>
88 </div>
89
90     <p>If either the pattern or the substitution contain a slash
91     character then an alternative delimiter should be used:</p>
92
93     <div class="example"><h3>Example of using an alternate delimiter</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
94 &lt;Location /&gt;
95     AddOutputFilterByType SUBSTITUTE text/html
96     Substitute "s|&lt;BR */?&gt;|&lt;br /&gt;|i"
97 &lt;/Location&gt;
98         </pre>
99 </div>
100
101     <p>Backreferences can be used in the comparison and in the substitution,
102     when regular expressions are used, as illustrated in the following example: </p>
103     <div class="example"><h3>Example of using backreferences and captures</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
104 &lt;Location /&gt;
105     AddOutputFilterByType SUBSTITUTE text/html
106     # "foo=k,bar=k" -&gt; "foo/bar=k" 
107     Substitute "s|foo=(\w+),bar=\1|foo/bar=$1"
108 &lt;/Location&gt;
109     </pre>
110 </div>
111
112     <p>A common use scenario for <code>mod_substitute</code> is the
113     situation in which a front-end server proxies requests to a back-end
114     server which returns HTML with hard-coded embedded URLs that refer
115     to the back-end server. These URLs don't work for the end-user,
116     since the back-end server is unreachable.</p>
117
118     <p>In this case, <code>mod_substutite</code> can be used to rewrite
119     those URLs into something that will work from the front end:</p>
120
121     <div class="example"><h3>Rewriting URLs embedded in proxied content</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
122 ProxyPass /blog/ http://internal.blog.example.com
123 ProxyPassReverse /blog/ http://internal.blog.example.com/
124
125 Substitute "s|http://internal.blog.example.com/|http://www.example.com/blog/|i"
126     </pre>
127 </div>
128
129     <p><code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html#proxypassreverse">ProxyPassReverse</a></code>
130     modifies any <code>Location</code> (redirect) headers that are sent
131     by the back-end server, and, in this example,
132     <code>Substitute</code> takes care of the rest of the problem by
133     fixing up the HTML response as well.</p>
134
135
136 </div>
137 </div>
138 <div class="bottomlang">
139 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_substitute.html" title="English">&nbsp;en&nbsp;</a></p>
140 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&amp;A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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