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8 <title>mod_session_dbd - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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15 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
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16 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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20 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.3</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
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21 <div id="page-content">
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22 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_session_dbd</h1>
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23 <div class="toplang">
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24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_session_dbd.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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26 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>DBD/SQL based session support</td></tr>
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27 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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28 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>session_dbd_module</td></tr>
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29 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd.c</td></tr></table>
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32 <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
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33 <p>The session modules make use of HTTP cookies, and as such can fall
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34 victim to Cross Site Scripting attacks, or expose potentially private
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35 information to clients. Please ensure that the relevant risks have
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36 been taken into account before enabling the session functionality on
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40 <p>This submodule of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> provides support for the
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41 storage of user sessions within a SQL database using the
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42 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module.</p>
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44 <p>Sessions can either be <strong>anonymous</strong>, where the session is
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45 keyed by a unique UUID string stored on the browser in a cookie, or
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46 <strong>per user</strong>, where the session is keyed against the userid of
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47 the logged in user.</p>
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49 <p>SQL based sessions are hidden from the browser, and so offer a measure of
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50 privacy without the need for encryption.</p>
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52 <p>Different webservers within a server farm may choose to share a database,
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53 and so share sessions with one another.</p>
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55 <p>For more details on the session interface, see the documentation for
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56 the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> module.</p>
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59 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
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61 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename">SessionDBDCookieName</a></li>
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62 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookiename2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a></li>
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63 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdcookieremove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a></li>
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64 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbddeletelabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a></li>
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65 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdinsertlabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a></li>
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66 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdperuser">SessionDBDPerUser</a></li>
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67 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdselectlabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a></li>
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68 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#sessiondbdupdatelabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a></li>
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72 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></li>
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73 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></li>
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74 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#peruser">Per User Sessions</a></li>
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75 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></li>
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76 </ul><h3>See also</h3>
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77 <ul class="seealso">
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78 <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code></li>
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79 <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_crypto.html">mod_session_crypto</a></code></li>
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80 <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_cookie.html">mod_session_cookie</a></code></li>
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81 <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code></li>
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83 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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84 <div class="section">
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85 <h2><a name="dbdconfig" id="dbdconfig">DBD Configuration</a></h2>
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87 <p>Before the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module can be configured to maintain a
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88 session, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code> module must be configured to make the various database queries
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89 available to the server.</p>
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91 <p>There are four queries required to keep a session maintained, to select an existing session,
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92 to update an existing session, to insert a new session, and to delete an expired or empty
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93 session. These queries are configured as per the example below.</p>
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95 <div class="example"><h3>Sample DBD configuration</h3><p><code>
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96 DBDriver pgsql<br />
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97 DBDParams "dbname=apachesession user=apache password=xxxxx host=localhost"<br />
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98 DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where key = %s" deletesession<br />
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99 DBDPrepareSQL "update session set value = %s, expiry = %lld where key = %s" updatesession<br />
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100 DBDPrepareSQL "insert into session (value, expiry, key) values (%s, %lld, %s)" insertsession<br />
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101 DBDPrepareSQL "select value from session where key = %s and (expiry = 0 or expiry > %lld)" selectsession<br />
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102 DBDPrepareSQL "delete from session where expiry != 0 and expiry < %lld" cleansession<br />
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105 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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106 <div class="section">
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107 <h2><a name="anonymous" id="anonymous">Anonymous Sessions</a></h2>
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109 <p>Anonymous sessions are keyed against a unique UUID, and stored on the
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110 browser within an HTTP cookie. This method is similar to that used by most
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111 application servers to store session information.</p>
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113 <p>To create a simple anonymous session and store it in a postgres database
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114 table called <var>apachesession</var>, and save the session ID in a cookie
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115 called <var>session</var>, configure the session as follows:</p>
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117 <div class="example"><h3>SQL based anonymous session</h3><p><code>
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119 SessionDBDCookieName session path=/<br />
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122 <p>For more examples on how the session can be configured to be read
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123 from and written to by a CGI application, see the
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124 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session.html">mod_session</a></code> examples section.</p>
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126 <p>For documentation on how the session can be used to store username
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127 and password details, see the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code> module.</p>
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129 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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130 <div class="section">
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131 <h2><a name="peruser" id="peruser">Per User Sessions</a></h2>
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133 <p>Per user sessions are keyed against the username of a successfully
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134 authenticated user. It offers the most privacy, as no external handle
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135 to the session exists outside of the authenticated realm.</p>
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137 <p>Per user sessions work within a correctly configured authenticated
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138 environment, be that using basic authentication, digest authentication
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139 or SSL client certificates. Due to the limitations of who came first,
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140 the chicken or the egg, per user sessions cannot be used to store
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141 authentication credentials from a module like
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142 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_form.html">mod_auth_form</a></code>.</p>
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144 <p>To create a simple per user session and store it in a postgres database
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145 table called <var>apachesession</var>, and with the session keyed to the
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146 userid, configure the session as follows:</p>
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148 <div class="example"><h3>SQL based per user session</h3><p><code>
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150 SessionDBDPerUser On<br />
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153 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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154 <div class="section">
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155 <h2><a name="housekeeping" id="housekeeping">Database Housekeeping</a></h2>
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156 <p>Over the course of time, the database can be expected to start accumulating
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157 expired sessions. At this point, the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_session_dbd.html">mod_session_dbd</a></code> module
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158 is not yet able to handle session expiry automatically.</p>
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160 <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
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161 <p>The administrator will need to set up an external process via cron to clean
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162 out expired sessions.</p>
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166 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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167 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName" id="SessionDBDCookieName">SessionDBDCookieName</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename" id="sessiondbdcookiename">Directive</a></h2>
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168 <table class="directive">
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169 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2109 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>
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170 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>
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171 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
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172 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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173 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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174 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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175 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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177 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName</code> directive specifies the name and
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178 optional attributes of an RFC2109 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will
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179 be stored. RFC2109 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie</code> HTTP header.
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182 <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.
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183 These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by
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184 Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.
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187 <div class="example"><h3>Cookie with attributes</h3><p><code>
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189 SessionDBDCookieName session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;<br />
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194 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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195 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieName2" id="SessionDBDCookieName2">SessionDBDCookieName2</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookiename2" id="sessiondbdcookiename2">Directive</a></h2>
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196 <table class="directive">
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197 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Name and attributes for the RFC2965 cookie storing the session ID</td></tr>
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198 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieName2 <var>name</var> <var>attributes</var></code></td></tr>
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199 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>none</code></td></tr>
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200 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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201 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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202 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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203 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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205 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieName2</code> directive specifies the name and
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206 optional attributes of an RFC2965 compliant cookie inside which the session ID will
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207 be stored. RFC2965 cookies are set using the <code>Set-Cookie2</code> HTTP header.
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210 <p>An optional list of cookie attributes can be specified, as per the example below.
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211 These attributes are inserted into the cookie as is, and are not interpreted by
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212 Apache. Ensure that your attributes are defined correctly as per the cookie specification.
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215 <div class="example"><h3>Cookie2 with attributes</h3><p><code>
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217 SessionDBDCookieName2 session path=/private;domain=example.com;httponly;secure;version=1;<br />
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222 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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223 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDCookieRemove" id="SessionDBDCookieRemove">SessionDBDCookieRemove</a> <a name="sessiondbdcookieremove" id="sessiondbdcookieremove">Directive</a></h2>
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224 <table class="directive">
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225 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Control for whether session ID cookies should be removed from incoming HTTP headers</td></tr>
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226 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On|Off</code></td></tr>
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227 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDCookieRemove On</code></td></tr>
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228 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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229 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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230 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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231 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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233 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDCookieRemove</code> flag controls whether the cookies
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234 containing the session ID will be removed from the headers during request processing.</p>
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236 <p>In a reverse proxy situation where the Apache server acts as a server frontend for
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237 a backend origin server, revealing the contents of the session ID cookie to the backend
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238 could be a potential privacy violation. When set to on, the session ID cookie will be
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239 removed from the incoming HTTP headers.</p>
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243 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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244 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDDeleteLabel" id="SessionDBDDeleteLabel">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbddeletelabel" id="sessiondbddeletelabel">Directive</a></h2>
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245 <table class="directive">
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246 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to remove sessions from the database</td></tr>
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247 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
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248 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDDeleteLabel deletesession</code></td></tr>
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249 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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250 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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251 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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252 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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254 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDDeleteLabel</code> directive sets the default delete
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255 query label to be used to delete an expired or empty session. This label must have been previously
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256 defined using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
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260 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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261 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDInsertLabel" id="SessionDBDInsertLabel">SessionDBDInsertLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdinsertlabel" id="sessiondbdinsertlabel">Directive</a></h2>
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262 <table class="directive">
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263 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to insert sessions into the database</td></tr>
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264 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
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265 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDInsertLabel insertsession</code></td></tr>
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266 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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267 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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268 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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269 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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271 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDInsertLabel</code> directive sets the default insert
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272 query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
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273 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
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275 <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, this query will be called to insert the
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276 session into the database.</p>
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280 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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281 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDPerUser" id="SessionDBDPerUser">SessionDBDPerUser</a> <a name="sessiondbdperuser" id="sessiondbdperuser">Directive</a></h2>
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282 <table class="directive">
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283 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable a per user session</td></tr>
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284 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser On|Off</code></td></tr>
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285 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDPerUser Off</code></td></tr>
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286 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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287 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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288 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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289 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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291 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDPerUser</code> flag enables a per user session keyed
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292 against the user's login name. If the user is not logged in, this directive will be
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297 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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298 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDSelectLabel" id="SessionDBDSelectLabel">SessionDBDSelectLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdselectlabel" id="sessiondbdselectlabel">Directive</a></h2>
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299 <table class="directive">
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300 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to select sessions from the database</td></tr>
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301 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
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302 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDSelectLabel selectsession</code></td></tr>
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303 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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304 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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305 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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306 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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308 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDSelectLabel</code> directive sets the default select
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309 query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
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310 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
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314 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
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315 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="SessionDBDUpdateLabel" id="SessionDBDUpdateLabel">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</a> <a name="sessiondbdupdatelabel" id="sessiondbdupdatelabel">Directive</a></h2>
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316 <table class="directive">
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317 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>The SQL query to use to update existing sessions in the database</td></tr>
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318 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel <var>label</var></code></td></tr>
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319 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>SessionDBDUpdateLabel updatesession</code></td></tr>
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320 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory</td></tr>
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321 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
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322 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_session_dbd</td></tr>
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323 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in Apache 2.3.0 and later</td></tr>
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325 <p>The <code class="directive">SessionDBDUpdateLabel</code> directive sets the default update
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326 query label to be used to load in a session. This label must have been previously defined using the
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327 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html#dbdpreparesql">DBDPrepareSQL</a></code> directive.</p>
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329 <p>If an attempt to update the session affects no rows, the insert query will be
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330 called to insert the session into the database. If the database supports InsertOrUpdate,
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331 override this query to perform the update in one query instead of two.</p>
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336 <div class="bottomlang">
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337 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_session_dbd.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
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338 </div><div id="footer">
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339 <p class="apache">Copyright 2008 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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340 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
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