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24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_rewrite</h1>
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_rewrite.html" title="English"> en </a> |
28 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_rewrite.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides a rule-based rewriting engine to rewrite requested
31 URLs on the fly</td></tr>
32 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>rewrite_module</td></tr>
34 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_rewrite.c</td></tr></table>
37 <p>The <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> module uses a rule-based rewriting
38 engine, based on a PCRE regular-expression parser, to rewrite requested URLs on
39 the fly. By default, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> maps a URL to a filesystem
40 path. However, it can also be used to redirect one URL to another URL, or
41 to invoke an internal proxy fetch.</p>
42 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> provides a flexible and powerful way to
43 manipulate URLs using an unlimited number of rules. Each rule can have an
44 unlimited number of attached rule conditions, to allow you to rewrite URL
45 based on server variables, environment variables, HTTP headers, or time
47 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> operates on the full URL path, including the
48 path-info section. A rewrite rule can be invoked in
49 <code>httpd.conf</code> or in <code>.htaccess</code>. The path generated
50 by a rewrite rule can include a query string, or can lead to internal
51 sub-processing, external request redirection, or internal proxy
54 <p>Further details, discussion, and examples, are provided in the
55 <a href="../rewrite/">detailed mod_rewrite documentation</a>.</p>
57 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
59 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewritebase">RewriteBase</a></li>
60 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></li>
61 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewriteengine">RewriteEngine</a></li>
62 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewritemap">RewriteMap</a></li>
63 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewriteoptions">RewriteOptions</a></li>
64 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></li>
68 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#logging">Logging</a></li>
69 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
70 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
72 <h2><a name="logging" id="logging">Logging</a></h2>
74 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> offers detailed logging of its actions
75 at the <code>trace1</code> to <code>trace8</code> log levels. The
76 log level can be set specifically for <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
77 using the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#loglevel">LogLevel</a></code> directive: Up to
78 level <code>debug</code>, no actions are logged, while <code>trace8</code>
79 means that practically all actions are logged.</p>
82 Using a high trace log level for <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
83 will slow down your Apache HTTP Server dramatically! Use a log
84 level higher than <code>trace2</code> only for debugging!
87 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
88 LogLevel alert rewrite:trace3
92 <div class="note"><h3>RewriteLog</h3>
93 <p>Those familiar with earlier versions of
94 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> will no doubt be looking for the
95 <code>RewriteLog</code> and <code>RewriteLogLevel</code>
96 directives. This functionality has been completely replaced by the
97 new per-module logging configuration mentioned above.
100 <p>To get just the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>-specific log
101 messages, pipe the log file through grep:</p>
102 <div class="example"><p><code>
103 tail -f error_log|fgrep '[rewrite:'
108 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
109 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RewriteBase" id="RewriteBase">RewriteBase</a> <a name="rewritebase" id="rewritebase">Directive</a></h2>
110 <table class="directive">
111 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the base URL for per-directory rewrites</td></tr>
112 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RewriteBase <em>URL-path</em></code></td></tr>
113 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>None</code></td></tr>
114 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
115 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
116 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
117 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_rewrite</td></tr>
119 <p>The <code class="directive">RewriteBase</code> directive specifies the
120 URL prefix to be used for per-directory (htaccess)
121 <code class="directive">RewriteRule</code> directives that substitute a relative
123 <p> This directive is <em>required</em> when you use a relative path
124 in a substitution in per-directory (htaccess) context unless either
125 of the following conditions are true:</p>
127 <li> The original request, and the substitution, are underneath the
128 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>
129 (as opposed to reachable by other means, such as
130 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code>).</li>
131 <li> The <em>filesystem</em> path to the directory containing the
132 <code class="directive">RewriteRule</code>, suffixed by the relative
133 substitution is also valid as a URL path on the server
137 <p> In the example below, <code class="directive">RewriteBase</code> is necessary
138 to avoid rewriting to http://example.com/opt/myapp-1.2.3/welcome.html
139 since the resource was not relative to the document root. This
140 misconfiguration would normally cause the server to look for an "opt"
141 directory under the document root.</p>
142 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
143 DocumentRoot /var/www/example.com
144 Alias /myapp /opt/myapp-1.2.3
145 <Directory /opt/myapp-1.2.3>
148 RewriteRule ^index\.html$ welcome.html
154 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
155 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RewriteCond" id="RewriteCond">RewriteCond</a> <a name="rewritecond" id="rewritecond">Directive</a></h2>
156 <table class="directive">
157 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Defines a condition under which rewriting will take place
159 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code> RewriteCond
160 <em>TestString</em> <em>CondPattern</em></code></td></tr>
161 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
162 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
163 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
164 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_rewrite</td></tr>
166 <p>The <code class="directive">RewriteCond</code> directive defines a
167 rule condition. One or more <code class="directive">RewriteCond</code>
168 can precede a <code class="directive"><a href="#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code>
169 directive. The following rule is then only used if both
170 the current state of the URI matches its pattern, <strong>and</strong> if these conditions are met.</p>
172 <p><em>TestString</em> is a string which can contain the
173 following expanded constructs in addition to plain text:</p>
177 <strong>RewriteRule backreferences</strong>: These are
178 backreferences of the form <strong><code>$N</code></strong>
179 (0 <= N <= 9). $1 to $9 provide access to the grouped
180 parts (in parentheses) of the pattern, from the
181 <code>RewriteRule</code> which is subject to the current
182 set of <code>RewriteCond</code> conditions. $0 provides
183 access to the whole string matched by that pattern.
186 <strong>RewriteCond backreferences</strong>: These are
187 backreferences of the form <strong><code>%N</code></strong>
188 (0 <= N <= 9). %1 to %9 provide access to the grouped
189 parts (again, in parentheses) of the pattern, from the last matched
190 <code>RewriteCond</code> in the current set
191 of conditions. %0 provides access to the whole string matched by
195 <strong>RewriteMap expansions</strong>: These are
196 expansions of the form <strong><code>${mapname:key|default}</code></strong>.
197 See <a href="#mapfunc">the documentation for
198 RewriteMap</a> for more details.
201 <strong>Server-Variables</strong>: These are variables of
203 <strong><code>%{</code> <em>NAME_OF_VARIABLE</em>
204 <code>}</code></strong>
205 where <em>NAME_OF_VARIABLE</em> can be a string taken
206 from the following list:
211 <th>HTTP headers:</th> <th>connection & request:</th> <th />
216 HTTP_USER_AGENT<br />
221 HTTP_PROXY_CONNECTION<br />
232 SCRIPT_FILENAME<br />
242 <th>server internals:</th> <th>date and time:</th> <th>specials:</th>
252 SERVER_PROTOCOL<br />
253 SERVER_SOFTWARE<br />
271 REQUEST_FILENAME<br />
279 <p>These variables all
280 correspond to the similarly named HTTP
281 MIME-headers, C variables of the Apache HTTP Server or
282 <code>struct tm</code> fields of the Unix system.
283 Most are documented elsewhere in the Manual or in
284 the CGI specification.</p>
286 <p>SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT depend on the values of
287 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> and
288 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalphysicalport">UseCanonicalPhysicalPort</a></code>
291 <p>Those that are special to mod_rewrite include those below.</p>
294 <dt><code>IS_SUBREQ</code></dt>
296 <dd>Will contain the text "true" if the request
297 currently being processed is a sub-request,
298 "false" otherwise. Sub-requests may be generated
299 by modules that need to resolve additional files
300 or URIs in order to complete their tasks.</dd>
302 <dt><code>API_VERSION</code></dt>
304 <dd>This is the version of the Apache httpd module API
305 (the internal interface between server and
306 module) in the current httpd build, as defined in
307 include/ap_mmn.h. The module API version
308 corresponds to the version of Apache httpd in use (in
309 the release version of Apache httpd 1.3.14, for
310 instance, it is 19990320:10), but is mainly of
311 interest to module authors.</dd>
313 <dt><code>THE_REQUEST</code></dt>
315 <dd>The full HTTP request line sent by the
316 browser to the server (e.g., "<code>GET
317 /index.html HTTP/1.1</code>"). This does not
318 include any additional headers sent by the
319 browser. This value has not been unescaped
320 (decoded), unlike most other variables below.</dd>
322 <dt><code>REQUEST_URI</code></dt>
324 <dd>The path component of the requested URI,
325 such as "/index.html". This notably excludes the
326 query string which is available as as its own variable
327 named <code>QUERY_STRING</code>.</dd>
329 <dt><code>REQUEST_FILENAME</code></dt>
331 <dd>The full local filesystem path to the file or
332 script matching the request, if this has already
333 been determined by the server at the time
334 <code>REQUEST_FILENAME</code> is referenced. Otherwise,
335 such as when used in virtual host context, the same
336 value as <code>REQUEST_URI</code>. Depending on the value of
337 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#acceptpathinfo">AcceptPathInfo</a></code>, the
338 server may have only used some leading components of the
339 <code>REQUEST_URI</code> to map the request to a file.
342 <dt><code>HTTPS</code></dt>
344 <dd>Will contain the text "on" if the connection is
345 using SSL/TLS, or "off" otherwise. (This variable
346 can be safely used regardless of whether or not
347 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> is loaded).</dd>
349 <dt><code>REQUEST_SCHEME</code></dt>
351 <dd>Will contain the scheme of the request (usually
352 "http" or "https"). This value can be influenced with
353 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>.</dd>
360 <p>If the <em>TestString</em> has the special value <code>expr</code>,
361 the <em>CondPattern</em> will be treated as an
362 <a href="../expr.html">ap_expr</a>. HTTP headers referenced in the
363 expression will be added to the Vary header if the <code>novary</code>
364 flag is not given.</p>
366 <p>Other things you should be aware of:</p>
370 <p>The variables SCRIPT_FILENAME and REQUEST_FILENAME
371 contain the same value - the value of the
372 <code>filename</code> field of the internal
373 <code>request_rec</code> structure of the Apache HTTP Server.
374 The first name is the commonly known CGI variable name
375 while the second is the appropriate counterpart of
376 REQUEST_URI (which contains the value of the
377 <code>uri</code> field of <code>request_rec</code>).</p>
378 <p>If a substitution occurred and the rewriting continues,
379 the value of both variables will be updated accordingly.</p>
380 <p>If used in per-server context (<em>i.e.</em>, before the
381 request is mapped to the filesystem) SCRIPT_FILENAME and
382 REQUEST_FILENAME cannot contain the full local filesystem
383 path since the path is unknown at this stage of processing.
384 Both variables will initially contain the value of REQUEST_URI
385 in that case. In order to obtain the full local filesystem
386 path of the request in per-server context, use an URL-based
387 look-ahead <code>%{LA-U:REQUEST_FILENAME}</code> to determine
388 the final value of REQUEST_FILENAME.</p></li>
391 <code>%{ENV:variable}</code>, where <em>variable</em> can be
392 any environment variable, is also available.
393 This is looked-up via internal
394 Apache httpd structures and (if not found there) via
395 <code>getenv()</code> from the Apache httpd server process.</li>
398 <code>%{SSL:variable}</code>, where <em>variable</em> is the
399 name of an <a href="mod_ssl.html#envvars">SSL environment
400 variable</a>, can be used whether or not
401 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> is loaded, but will always expand to
402 the empty string if it is not. Example:
403 <code>%{SSL:SSL_CIPHER_USEKEYSIZE}</code> may expand to
404 <code>128</code>.</li>
407 <code>%{HTTP:header}</code>, where <em>header</em> can be
408 any HTTP MIME-header name, can always be used to obtain the
409 value of a header sent in the HTTP request.
410 Example: <code>%{HTTP:Proxy-Connection}</code> is
411 the value of the HTTP header
412 ``<code>Proxy-Connection:</code>''.
413 <p>If a HTTP header is used in a condition this header is added to
414 the Vary header of the response in case the condition evaluates to
415 to true for the request. It is <strong>not</strong> added if the
416 condition evaluates to false for the request. Adding the HTTP header
417 to the Vary header of the response is needed for proper caching.</p>
418 <p>It has to be kept in mind that conditions follow a short circuit
419 logic in the case of the '<strong><code>ornext|OR</code></strong>' flag
420 so that certain conditions might not be evaluated at all.</p></li>
423 <code>%{LA-U:variable}</code> can be used for look-aheads which perform
424 an internal (URL-based) sub-request to determine the final
425 value of <em>variable</em>. This can be used to access
426 variable for rewriting which is not available at the current
427 stage, but will be set in a later phase.
428 <p>For instance, to rewrite according to the
429 <code>REMOTE_USER</code> variable from within the
430 per-server context (<code>httpd.conf</code> file) you must
431 use <code>%{LA-U:REMOTE_USER}</code> - this
432 variable is set by the authorization phases, which come
433 <em>after</em> the URL translation phase (during which mod_rewrite
435 <p>On the other hand, because mod_rewrite implements
436 its per-directory context (<code>.htaccess</code> file) via
437 the Fixup phase of the API and because the authorization
438 phases come <em>before</em> this phase, you just can use
439 <code>%{REMOTE_USER}</code> in that context.</p></li>
442 <code>%{LA-F:variable}</code> can be used to perform an internal
443 (filename-based) sub-request, to determine the final value
444 of <em>variable</em>. Most of the time, this is the same as
448 <p><em>CondPattern</em> is the condition pattern,
449 a regular expression which is applied to the
450 current instance of the <em>TestString</em>.
451 <em>TestString</em> is first evaluated, before being matched against
452 <em>CondPattern</em>.</p>
454 <p><em>CondPattern</em> is usually a
455 <em>perl compatible regular expression</em>, but there is
456 additional syntax available to perform other useful tests against
457 the <em>Teststring</em>:</p>
460 <li>You can prefix the pattern string with a
461 '<code>!</code>' character (exclamation mark) to specify a
462 <strong>non</strong>-matching pattern.</li>
465 You can perform lexicographical string comparisons:
468 <li>'<strong><CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
470 Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
471 compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True if
472 <em>TestString</em> lexicographically precedes
473 <em>CondPattern</em>.</li>
475 <li>'<strong>>CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
477 Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
478 compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True if
479 <em>TestString</em> lexicographically follows
480 <em>CondPattern</em>.</li>
482 <li>'<strong>=CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
484 Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
485 compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True if
486 <em>TestString</em> is lexicographically equal to
487 <em>CondPattern</em> (the two strings are exactly
488 equal, character for character). If <em>CondPattern</em>
489 is <code>""</code> (two quotation marks) this
490 compares <em>TestString</em> to the empty string.</li>
492 <li>'<strong><=CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
493 less than or equal to)<br />
494 Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
495 compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True
496 if <em>TestString</em> lexicographically precedes
497 <em>CondPattern</em>, or is equal to <em>CondPattern</em>
498 (the two strings are equal, character for character).</li>
500 <li>'<strong>>=CondPattern</strong>' (lexicographically
501 greater than or equal to)<br />
502 Treats the <em>CondPattern</em> as a plain string and
503 compares it lexicographically to <em>TestString</em>. True
504 if <em>TestString</em> lexicographically follows
505 <em>CondPattern</em>, or is equal to <em>CondPattern</em>
506 (the two strings are equal, character for character).</li>
510 You can perform integer comparisons:
513 <li>'<strong>-eq</strong>' (is numerically
514 <strong>eq</strong>ual to)<br />
515 The <em>TestString</em> is treated as an integer, and is
516 numerically compared to the <em>CondPattern</em>. True if
517 the two are numerically equal.</li>
519 <li>'<strong>-ge</strong>' (is numerically
520 <strong>g</strong>reater than or <strong>e</strong>qual to)<br />
521 The <em>TestString</em> is treated as an integer, and is
522 numerically compared to the <em>CondPattern</em>. True if
523 the <em>TestString</em> is numerically greater than or equal
524 to the <em>CondPattern</em>.</li>
526 <li>'<strong>-gt</strong>' (is numerically
527 <strong>g</strong>reater <strong>t</strong>han)<br />
528 The <em>TestString</em> is treated as an integer, and is
529 numerically compared to the <em>CondPattern</em>. True if
530 the <em>TestString</em> is numerically greater than
531 the <em>CondPattern</em>.</li>
533 <li>'<strong>-le</strong>' (is numerically
534 <strong>l</strong>ess than or <strong>e</strong>qual to)<br />
535 The <em>TestString</em> is treated as an integer, and is
536 numerically compared to the <em>CondPattern</em>. True if
537 the <em>TestString</em> is numerically less than or equal
538 to the <em>CondPattern</em>. Avoid confusion with the
539 <strong>-l</strong> by using the <strong>-L</strong> or
540 <strong>-h</strong> variant.</li>
542 <li>'<strong>-lt</strong>' (is numerically
543 <strong>l</strong>ess <strong>t</strong>han)<br />
544 The <em>TestString</em> is treated as an integer, and is
545 numerically compared to the <em>CondPattern</em>. True if
546 the <em>TestString</em> is numerically less than
547 the <em>CondPattern</em>. Avoid confusion with the
548 <strong>-l</strong> by using the <strong>-L</strong> or
549 <strong>-h</strong> variant.</li>
554 <li>You can perform various file attribute tests:
556 <li>'<strong>-d</strong>' (is
557 <strong>d</strong>irectory)<br />
558 Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
559 whether or not it exists, and is a directory.</li>
561 <li>'<strong>-f</strong>' (is regular
562 <strong>f</strong>ile)<br />
563 Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
564 whether or not it exists, and is a regular file.</li>
566 <li>'<strong>-F</strong>' (is existing file, via
568 Checks whether or not <em>TestString</em> is a valid file,
569 accessible via all the server's currently-configured
570 access controls for that path. This uses an internal
571 subrequest to do the check, so use it with care -
572 it can impact your server's performance!</li>
574 <li>'<strong>-H</strong>' (is symbolic link, bash convention)<br />
575 See <strong>-l</strong>.</li>
577 <li>'<strong>-l</strong>' (is symbolic
578 <strong>l</strong>ink)<br />
579 Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
580 whether or not it exists, and is a symbolic link. May also
581 use the bash convention of <strong>-L</strong> or
582 <strong>-h</strong> if there's a possibility of confusion
583 such as when using the <strong>-lt</strong> or
584 <strong>-le</strong> tests.</li>
586 <li>'<strong>-L</strong>' (is symbolic link, bash convention)<br />
587 See <strong>-l</strong>.</li>
589 <li>'<strong>-s</strong>' (is regular file, with
590 <strong>s</strong>ize)<br />
591 Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
592 whether or not it exists, and is a regular file with size greater
595 <li>'<strong>-U</strong>' (is existing URL, via
597 Checks whether or not <em>TestString</em> is a valid URL,
598 accessible via all the server's currently-configured
599 access controls for that path. This uses an internal
600 subrequest to do the check, so use it with care -
601 it can impact your server's performance!</li>
603 <li>'<strong>-x</strong>' (has e<strong>x</strong>ecutable
605 Treats the <em>TestString</em> as a pathname and tests
606 whether or not it exists, and has executable permissions.
607 These permissions are determined according to
608 the underlying OS.</li>
612 <div class="note"><h3>Note:</h3>
613 All of these tests can
614 also be prefixed by an exclamation mark ('!') to
615 negate their meaning.
620 <p>If the <em>TestString</em> has the special value <code>expr</code>, the
621 <em>CondPattern</em> will be treated as an
622 <a href="../expr.html">ap_expr</a>.</p>
625 In the below example, <code>-strmatch</code> is used to
626 compare the <code>REFERER</code> against the site hostname,
627 to block unwanted hotlinking.
630 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
631 RewriteCond expr "! %{HTTP_REFERER} -strmatch '*://%{HTTP_HOST}/*'"<br />
632 RewriteRule ^/images - [F]
637 <li>You can also set special flags for
638 <em>CondPattern</em> by appending
639 <strong><code>[</code><em>flags</em><code>]</code></strong>
640 as the third argument to the <code>RewriteCond</code>
641 directive, where <em>flags</em> is a comma-separated list of any of the
645 <li>'<strong><code>nocase|NC</code></strong>'
646 (<strong>n</strong>o <strong>c</strong>ase)<br />
647 This makes the test case-insensitive - differences
648 between 'A-Z' and 'a-z' are ignored, both in the
649 expanded <em>TestString</em> and the <em>CondPattern</em>.
650 This flag is effective only for comparisons between
651 <em>TestString</em> and <em>CondPattern</em>. It has no
652 effect on filesystem and subrequest checks.</li>
655 '<strong><code>ornext|OR</code></strong>'
656 (<strong>or</strong> next condition)<br />
657 Use this to combine rule conditions with a local OR
658 instead of the implicit AND. Typical example:
660 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
661 RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} ^host1 [OR]
662 RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} ^host2 [OR]
663 RewriteCond %{REMOTE_HOST} ^host3
664 RewriteRule ...some special stuff for any of these hosts...
668 Without this flag you would have to write the condition/rule
672 <li>'<strong><code>novary|NV</code></strong>'
673 (<strong>n</strong>o <strong>v</strong>ary)<br />
674 If a HTTP header is used in the condition, this flag prevents
675 this header from being added to the Vary header of the response. <br />
676 Using this flag might break proper caching of the response if
677 the representation of this response varies on the value of this header.
678 So this flag should be only used if the meaning of the Vary header
685 <p><strong>Example:</strong></p>
687 <p>To rewrite the Homepage of a site according to the
688 ``<code>User-Agent:</code>'' header of the request, you can
689 use the following: </p>
691 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
692 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Mozilla
693 RewriteRule ^/$ /homepage.max.html [L]
695 RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^Lynx
696 RewriteRule ^/$ /homepage.min.html [L]
698 RewriteRule ^/$ /homepage.std.html [L]
702 <p>Explanation: If you use a browser which identifies itself
703 as 'Mozilla' (including Netscape Navigator, Mozilla etc), then you
704 get the max homepage (which could include frames, or other special
706 If you use the Lynx browser (which is terminal-based), then
707 you get the min homepage (which could be a version designed for
708 easy, text-only browsing).
709 If neither of these conditions apply (you use any other browser,
710 or your browser identifies itself as something non-standard), you get
711 the std (standard) homepage.</p>
715 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
716 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RewriteEngine" id="RewriteEngine">RewriteEngine</a> <a name="rewriteengine" id="rewriteengine">Directive</a></h2>
717 <table class="directive">
718 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enables or disables runtime rewriting engine</td></tr>
719 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RewriteEngine on|off</code></td></tr>
720 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>RewriteEngine off</code></td></tr>
721 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
722 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
723 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
724 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_rewrite</td></tr>
727 <p>The <code class="directive">RewriteEngine</code> directive enables or
728 disables the runtime rewriting engine. If it is set to
729 <code>off</code> this module does no runtime processing at
730 all. It does not even update the <code>SCRIPT_URx</code>
731 environment variables.</p>
733 <p>Use this directive to disable rules in a particular contact,
734 rather than commenting out all the <code class="directive"><a href="#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code> directives.</p>
736 <p>Note that rewrite configurations are not
737 inherited by virtual hosts. This means that you need to have a
738 <code>RewriteEngine on</code> directive for each virtual host
739 in which you wish to use rewrite rules.</p>
741 <p><code class="directive">RewriteMap</code> directives of the type <code>prg</code>
742 are not started during server initialization if they're defined in a
743 context that does not have <code class="directive">RewriteEngine</code> set to
747 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
748 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RewriteMap" id="RewriteMap">RewriteMap</a> <a name="rewritemap" id="rewritemap">Directive</a></h2>
749 <table class="directive">
750 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Defines a mapping function for key-lookup</td></tr>
751 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RewriteMap <em>MapName</em> <em>MapType</em>:<em>MapSource</em>
753 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
754 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
755 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_rewrite</td></tr>
757 <p>The <code class="directive">RewriteMap</code> directive defines a
758 <em>Rewriting Map</em> which can be used inside rule
759 substitution strings by the mapping-functions to
760 insert/substitute fields through a key lookup. The source of
761 this lookup can be of various types.</p>
763 <p>The <a id="mapfunc" name="mapfunc"><em>MapName</em></a> is
764 the name of the map and will be used to specify a
765 mapping-function for the substitution strings of a rewriting
766 rule via one of the following constructs:</p>
769 <strong><code>${</code> <em>MapName</em> <code>:</code>
770 <em>LookupKey</em> <code>}</code><br />
771 <code>${</code> <em>MapName</em> <code>:</code>
772 <em>LookupKey</em> <code>|</code> <em>DefaultValue</em>
773 <code>}</code></strong>
776 <p>When such a construct occurs, the map <em>MapName</em> is
777 consulted and the key <em>LookupKey</em> is looked-up. If the
778 key is found, the map-function construct is substituted by
779 <em>SubstValue</em>. If the key is not found then it is
780 substituted by <em>DefaultValue</em> or by the empty string
781 if no <em>DefaultValue</em> was specified. Empty values
782 behave as if the key was absent, therefore it is not possible
783 to distinguish between empty-valued keys and absent keys.</p>
785 <p>For example, you might define a
786 <code class="directive">RewriteMap</code> as:</p>
788 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
789 RewriteMap examplemap txt:/path/to/file/map.txt
793 <p>You would then be able to use this map in a
794 <code class="directive">RewriteRule</code> as follows:</p>
796 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
797 RewriteRule ^/ex/(.*) ${examplemap:$1}
801 <p>The following combinations for <em>MapType</em> and
802 <em>MapSource</em> can be used:</p>
807 <dd>A plain text file containing space-separated key-value
808 pairs, one per line. (<a href="../rewrite/rewritemap.html#txt">Details ...</a>)</dd>
811 <dd>Randomly selects an entry from a plain text file (<a href="../rewrite/rewritemap.html#rnd">Details ...</a>)</dd>
814 <dd>Looks up an entry in a dbm file containing name, value
815 pairs. Hash is constructed from a plain text file format using
816 the <code><a href="../programs/httxt2dbm.html">httxt2dbm</a></code>
817 utility. (<a href="../rewrite/rewritemap.html#dbm">Details ...</a>)</dd>
820 <dd>One of the four available internal functions provided by
821 <code>RewriteMap</code>: toupper, tolower, escape or
822 unescape. (<a href="../rewrite/rewritemap.html#int">Details ...</a>)</dd>
825 <dd>Calls an external program or script to process the
826 rewriting. (<a href="../rewrite/rewritemap.html#prg">Details ...</a>)</dd>
828 <dt>dbd or fastdbd</dt>
829 <dd>A SQL SELECT statement to be performed to look up the
830 rewrite target. (<a href="../rewrite/rewritemap.html#dbd">Details ...</a>)</dd>
833 <p>Further details, and numerous examples, may be found in the <a href="../rewrite/rewritemap.html">RewriteMap HowTo</a></p>
837 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
838 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RewriteOptions" id="RewriteOptions">RewriteOptions</a> <a name="rewriteoptions" id="rewriteoptions">Directive</a></h2>
839 <table class="directive">
840 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets some special options for the rewrite engine</td></tr>
841 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RewriteOptions <var>Options</var></code></td></tr>
842 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
843 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
844 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
845 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_rewrite</td></tr>
848 <p>The <code class="directive">RewriteOptions</code> directive sets some
849 special options for the current per-server or per-directory
850 configuration. The <em>Option</em> string can currently
851 only be one of the following:</p>
854 <dt><code>Inherit</code></dt>
857 <p>This forces the current configuration to inherit the
858 configuration of the parent. In per-virtual-server context,
859 this means that the maps, conditions and rules of the main
860 server are inherited. In per-directory context this means
861 that conditions and rules of the parent directory's
862 <code>.htaccess</code> configuration or
863 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>
864 sections are inherited. The inherited rules are virtually copied
865 to the section where this directive is being used. If used in
866 combination with local rules, the inherited rules are copied behind
867 the local rules. The position of this directive - below or above
868 of local rules - has no influence on this behavior. If local
869 rules forced the rewriting to stop, the inherited rules won't
872 <div class="warning">
873 Rules inherited from the parent scope are applied
874 <strong>after</strong> rules specified in the child scope.
878 <dt><code>InheritBefore</code></dt>
880 <p> Like <code>Inherit</code> above, but the rules from the parent scope
881 are applied <strong>before</strong> rules specified in the child scope.
882 Available in Apache HTTP Server 2.3.10 and later.</p>
885 <dt><code>AllowNoSlash</code></dt>
887 <p>By default, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> will ignore URLs that map to a
888 directory on disk but lack a trailing slash, in the expectation that
889 the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dir.html">mod_dir</a></code> module will issue the client with a redirect to
890 the canonical URL with a trailing slash.</p>
892 <p>When the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_dir.html#directoryslash">DirectorySlash</a></code> directive
893 is set to off, the <code>AllowNoSlash</code> option can be enabled to ensure
894 that rewrite rules are no longer ignored. This option makes it possible to
895 apply rewrite rules within .htaccess files that match the directory without
896 a trailing slash, if so desired. Available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.0 and
900 <dt><code>AllowAnyURI</code></dt>
903 <p>When <code class="directive"><a href="#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code>
904 is used in <code>VirtualHost</code> or server context with
905 version 2.2.22 or later of httpd, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
906 will only process the rewrite rules if the request URI is a <a href="./directive-dict.html#Syntax">URL-path</a>. This avoids
907 some security issues where particular rules could allow
908 "surprising" pattern expansions (see <a href="http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2011-3368">CVE-2011-3368</a>
909 and <a href="http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2011-4317">CVE-2011-4317</a>).
910 To lift the restriction on matching a URL-path, the
911 <code>AllowAnyURI</code> option can be enabled, and
912 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> will apply the rule set to any
913 request URI string, regardless of whether that string matches
914 the URL-path grammar required by the HTTP specification.</p>
916 <div class="warning">
917 <h3>Security Warning</h3>
919 <p>Enabling this option will make the server vulnerable to
920 security issues if used with rewrite rules which are not
921 carefully authored. It is <strong>strongly recommended</strong>
922 that this option is not used. In particular, beware of input
923 strings containing the '<code>@</code>' character which could
924 change the interpretation of the transformed URI, as per the
929 <dt><code>MergeBase</code></dt>
932 <p>With this option, the value of <code class="directive"><a href="#rewritebase">RewriteBase</a></code> is copied from where it's explicitly defined
933 into any sub-directory or sub-location that doesn't define its own
934 <code class="directive"><a href="#rewritebase">RewriteBase</a></code>. Available in
935 Apache HTTP Server 2.5 and later only.</p>
941 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
942 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RewriteRule" id="RewriteRule">RewriteRule</a> <a name="rewriterule" id="rewriterule">Directive</a></h2>
943 <table class="directive">
944 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Defines rules for the rewriting engine</td></tr>
945 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RewriteRule
946 <em>Pattern</em> <em>Substitution</em> [<em>flags</em>]</code></td></tr>
947 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
948 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>FileInfo</td></tr>
949 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
950 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_rewrite</td></tr>
952 <p>The <code class="directive">RewriteRule</code> directive is the real
953 rewriting workhorse. The directive can occur more than once,
954 with each instance defining a single rewrite rule. The
955 order in which these rules are defined is important - this is the order
956 in which they will be applied at run-time.</p>
958 <p><a id="patterns" name="patterns"><em>Pattern</em></a> is
959 a perl compatible <a id="regexp" name="regexp">regular
960 expression</a>. On the first RewriteRule, it is matched against
961 the (%-decoded) <a href="./directive-dict.html#Syntax">URL-path</a> (or
962 <a href="./directive-dict.html#Syntax">file-path</a>, depending
963 on the context) of the request. Subsequent patterns are matched against the
964 output of the last matching RewriteRule.</p>
966 <div class="note"><h3><a id="what_is_matched" name="what_is_matched">What is matched?</a></h3>
967 <p>In <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost">VirtualHost</a></code> context,
968 The <em>Pattern</em> will initially be matched against the part of the
969 URL after the hostname and port, and before the query string (e.g. "/app1/index.html").</p>
971 <p>In <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory">Directory</a></code> and htaccess context,
972 the <em>Pattern</em> will initially be matched against the
973 <em>filesystem</em> path, after removing the prefix that led the server
974 to the current <code class="directive">RewriteRule</code> (e.g. "app1/index.html"
975 or "index.html" depending on where the directives are defined).</p>
977 <p>If you wish to match against the hostname, port, or query string, use a
978 <code class="directive"><a href="#rewritecond">RewriteCond</a></code> with the
979 <code>%{HTTP_HOST}</code>, <code>%{SERVER_PORT}</code>, or
980 <code>%{QUERY_STRING}</code> variables respectively.</p>
984 <div class="note"><h3>Per-directory Rewrites</h3>
986 <li>The rewrite engine may be used in <a href="../howto/htaccess.html">.htaccess</a> files and in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> sections, with some additional
989 <li>To enable the rewrite engine in this context, you need to set
990 "<code>RewriteEngine On</code>" <strong>and</strong>
991 "<code>Options FollowSymLinks</code>" must be enabled. If your
992 administrator has disabled override of <code>FollowSymLinks</code> for
993 a user's directory, then you cannot use the rewrite engine. This
994 restriction is required for security reasons.</li>
996 <li>When using the rewrite engine in <code>.htaccess</code> files the
997 per-directory prefix (which always is the same for a specific
998 directory) is automatically <em>removed</em> for the RewriteRule pattern matching
999 and automatically <em>added</em> after any relative (not starting with a
1000 slash or protocol name) substitution encounters the end of a rule set.
1001 See the <code class="directive"><a href="#rewritebase">RewriteBase</a></code>
1002 directive for more information regarding what prefix will be added back to
1003 relative substitutions.</li>
1005 <li> If you wish to match against the full URL-path in a per-directory
1006 (htaccess) RewriteRule, use the <code>%{REQUEST_URI}</code> variable in
1007 a <code class="directive">RewriteCond</code>.</li>
1009 <li>The removed prefix always ends with a slash, meaning the matching occurs against a string which
1010 <em>never</em> has a leading slash. Therefore, a <em>Pattern</em> with <code>^/</code> never
1011 matches in per-directory context.</li>
1013 <li>Although rewrite rules are syntactically permitted in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code> sections, this
1014 should never be necessary and is unsupported.</li>
1018 <p>For some hints on <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#regex" title="see glossary">regular
1019 expressions</a>, see
1020 the <a href="../rewrite/intro.html#regex">mod_rewrite
1021 Introduction</a>.</p>
1023 <p>In mod_rewrite, the NOT character
1024 ('<code>!</code>') is also available as a possible pattern
1025 prefix. This enables you to negate a pattern; to say, for instance:
1026 ``<em>if the current URL does <strong>NOT</strong> match this
1027 pattern</em>''. This can be used for exceptional cases, where
1028 it is easier to match the negative pattern, or as a last
1031 <div class="note"><h3>Note</h3>
1032 When using the NOT character to negate a pattern, you cannot include
1033 grouped wildcard parts in that pattern. This is because, when the
1034 pattern does NOT match (ie, the negation matches), there are no
1035 contents for the groups. Thus, if negated patterns are used, you
1036 cannot use <code>$N</code> in the substitution string!
1039 <p>The <a id="rhs" name="rhs"><em>Substitution</em></a> of a
1040 rewrite rule is the string that replaces the original URL-path that
1041 was matched by <em>Pattern</em>. The <em>Substitution</em> may
1046 <dt>file-system path</dt>
1048 <dd>Designates the location on the file-system of the resource
1049 to be delivered to the client. Substitutions are only
1050 treated as a file-system path when the rule is configured in
1051 server (virtualhost) context and the first component of the
1052 path in the substitution exists in the file-system</dd>
1056 <dd>A <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#documentroot">DocumentRoot</a></code>-relative path to the
1057 resource to be served. Note that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code>
1058 tries to guess whether you have specified a file-system path
1059 or a URL-path by checking to see if the first segment of the
1060 path exists at the root of the file-system. For example, if
1061 you specify a <em>Substitution</em> string of
1062 <code>/www/file.html</code>, then this will be treated as a
1063 URL-path <em>unless</em> a directory named <code>www</code>
1064 exists at the root or your file-system (or, in the case of
1065 using rewrites in a <code>.htaccess</code> file, relative to
1066 your document root), in which case it will
1067 be treated as a file-system path. If you wish other
1068 URL-mapping directives (such as <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html#alias">Alias</a></code>) to be applied to the
1069 resulting URL-path, use the <code>[PT]</code> flag as
1070 described below.</dd>
1072 <dt>Absolute URL</dt>
1074 <dd>If an absolute URL is specified,
1075 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> checks to see whether the
1076 hostname matches the current host. If it does, the scheme and
1077 hostname are stripped out and the resulting path is treated as
1078 a URL-path. Otherwise, an external redirect is performed for
1079 the given URL. To force an external redirect back to the
1080 current host, see the <code>[R]</code> flag below.</dd>
1082 <dt><code>-</code> (dash)</dt>
1084 <dd>A dash indicates that no substitution should be performed
1085 (the existing path is passed through untouched). This is used
1086 when a flag (see below) needs to be applied without changing
1091 <p>In addition to plain text, the <em>Substitution</em> string can include</p>
1094 <li>back-references (<code>$N</code>) to the RewriteRule
1097 <li>back-references (<code>%N</code>) to the last matched
1098 RewriteCond pattern</li>
1100 <li>server-variables as in rule condition test-strings
1101 (<code>%{VARNAME}</code>)</li>
1103 <li><a href="#mapfunc">mapping-function</a> calls
1104 (<code>${mapname:key|default}</code>)</li>
1107 <p>Back-references are identifiers of the form
1108 <code>$</code><strong>N</strong>
1109 (<strong>N</strong>=0..9), which will be replaced
1110 by the contents of the <strong>N</strong>th group of the
1111 matched <em>Pattern</em>. The server-variables are the same
1112 as for the <em>TestString</em> of a <code>RewriteCond</code>
1113 directive. The mapping-functions come from the
1114 <code>RewriteMap</code> directive and are explained there.
1115 These three types of variables are expanded in the order above.</p>
1117 <p>Rewrite rules are applied to the results of previous rewrite
1118 rules, in the order in which they are defined
1119 in the config file. The URL-path or file-system path (see <a href="#what_is_matched">"What is matched?"</a>, above) is <strong>completely
1120 replaced</strong> by the <em>Substitution</em> and the
1121 rewriting process continues until all rules have been applied,
1122 or it is explicitly terminated by an
1123 <a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_l"><code><strong>L</strong></code> flag</a>,
1124 or other flag which implies immediate termination, such as
1125 <code><strong>END</strong></code> or
1126 <code><strong>F</strong></code>.</p>
1128 <div class="note"><h3>Modifying the Query String</h3>
1129 <p>By default, the query string is passed through unchanged. You
1130 can, however, create URLs in the substitution string containing
1131 a query string part. Simply use a question mark inside the
1132 substitution string to indicate that the following text should
1133 be re-injected into the query string. When you want to erase an
1134 existing query string, end the substitution string with just a
1135 question mark. To combine new and old query strings, use the
1136 <code>[QSA]</code> flag.</p>
1139 <p>Additionally you can set special <a name="rewriteflags" id="rewriteflags">actions</a> to be performed by
1140 appending <strong><code>[</code><em>flags</em><code>]</code></strong>
1141 as the third argument to the <code>RewriteRule</code>
1142 directive. <em>Flags</em> is a comma-separated list, surround by square
1143 brackets, of any of the flags in the following table. More
1144 details, and examples, for each flag, are available in the <a href="../rewrite/flags.html">Rewrite Flags document</a>.</p>
1146 <table class="bordered">
1147 <tr><th>Flag and syntax</th>
1152 <td>Escape non-alphanumeric characters <em>before</em> applying
1153 the transformation. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_b">details ...</a></em></td>
1157 <td>Rule is chained to the following rule. If the rule fails,
1158 the rule(s) chained to it will be skipped. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_c">details ...</a></em></td>
1161 <td>cookie|CO=<em>NAME</em>:<em>VAL</em></td>
1162 <td>Sets a cookie in the client browser. Full syntax is:
1163 CO=<em>NAME</em>:<em>VAL</em>:<em>domain</em>[:<em>lifetime</em>[:<em>path</em>[:<em>secure</em>[:<em>httponly</em>]]]] <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_co">details ...</a></em>
1167 <td>discardpath|DPI</td>
1168 <td>Causes the PATH_INFO portion of the rewritten URI to be
1169 discarded. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_dpi">details
1173 <td>env|E=[!]<em>VAR</em>[:<em>VAL</em>]</td>
1174 <td>Causes an environment variable <em>VAR</em> to be set (to the
1175 value <em>VAL</em> if provided). The form !<em>VAR</em> causes
1176 the environment variable <em>VAR</em> to be unset.<em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_e">details ...</a></em></td>
1179 <td>forbidden|F</td>
1180 <td>Returns a 403 FORBIDDEN response to the client browser.
1181 <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_f">details ...</a></em></td>
1185 <td>Returns a 410 GONE response to the client browser. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_g">details ...</a></em></td>
1188 <td>Handler|H=<em>Content-handler</em></td>
1189 <td>Causes the resulting URI to be sent to the specified
1190 <em>Content-handler</em> for processing. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_h">details ...</a></em></td>
1194 <td>Stop the rewriting process immediately and don't apply any
1195 more rules. Especially note caveats for per-directory and
1196 .htaccess context (see also the END flag). <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_end">details ...</a></em></td>
1200 <td>Re-run the rewriting process, starting again with the first
1201 rule, using the result of the ruleset so far as a starting
1202 point. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_n">details
1207 <td>Makes the pattern comparison case-insensitive.
1208 <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_nc">details ...</a></em></td>
1211 <td>noescape|NE</td>
1212 <td>Prevent mod_rewrite from applying hexcode escaping of
1213 special characters in the result of the rewrite. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_ne">details ...</a></em></td>
1216 <td>nosubreq|NS</td>
1217 <td>Causes a rule to be skipped if the current request is an
1218 internal sub-request. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_ns">details ...</a></em></td>
1222 <td>Force the substitution URL to be internally sent as a proxy
1223 request. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_p">details
1227 <td>passthrough|PT</td>
1228 <td>Forces the resulting URI to be passed back to the URL
1229 mapping engine for processing of other URI-to-filename
1230 translators, such as <code>Alias</code> or
1231 <code>Redirect</code>. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_pt">details ...</a></em></td>
1234 <td>qsappend|QSA</td>
1235 <td>Appends any query string from the original request URL to
1236 any query string created in the rewrite target.<em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_qsa">details ...</a></em></td>
1239 <td>qsdiscard|QSD</td>
1240 <td>Discard any query string attached to the incoming URI.
1241 <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_qsd">details
1245 <td>redirect|R[=<em>code</em>]</td>
1246 <td>Forces an external redirect, optionally with the specified
1247 HTTP status code. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_r">details ...</a></em>
1252 <td>Stop the rewriting process immediately and don't apply any
1253 more rules. Also prevents further execution of rewrite rules
1254 in per-directory and .htaccess context. (Available in 2.3.9 and later)
1255 <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_l">details ...</a></em></td>
1258 <td>skip|S=<em>num</em></td>
1259 <td>Tells the rewriting engine to skip the next <em>num</em>
1260 rules if the current rule matches. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_s">details ...</a></em></td>
1263 <td>type|T=<em>MIME-type</em></td>
1264 <td>Force the <a class="glossarylink" href="../glossary.html#mime-type" title="see glossary">MIME-type</a> of the target file
1265 to be the specified type. <em><a href="../rewrite/flags.html#flag_t">details ...</a></em></td>
1269 <div class="note"><h3>Home directory expansion</h3>
1270 <p> When the substitution string begins with a string
1271 resembling "/~user" (via explicit text or backreferences), mod_rewrite performs
1272 home directory expansion independent of the presence or configuration
1273 of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_userdir.html">mod_userdir</a></code>.</p>
1275 <p> This expansion does not occur when the <em>PT</em>
1276 flag is used on the <code class="directive"><a href="#rewriterule">RewriteRule</a></code>
1281 <p>Here are all possible substitution combinations and their
1284 <p><strong>Inside per-server configuration
1285 (<code>httpd.conf</code>)<br />
1286 for request ``<code>GET
1287 /somepath/pathinfo</code>'':</strong><br />
1290 <table class="bordered">
1293 <th>Resulting Substitution</th>
1297 <td>^/somepath(.*) otherpath$1</td>
1298 <td>invalid, not supported</td>
1302 <td>^/somepath(.*) otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1303 <td>invalid, not supported</td>
1307 <td>^/somepath(.*) otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1308 <td>invalid, not supported</td>
1312 <td>^/somepath(.*) /otherpath$1</td>
1313 <td>/otherpath/pathinfo</td>
1317 <td>^/somepath(.*) /otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1318 <td>http://thishost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection</td>
1322 <td>^/somepath(.*) /otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1323 <td>doesn't make sense, not supported</td>
1327 <td>^/somepath(.*) http://thishost/otherpath$1</td>
1328 <td>/otherpath/pathinfo</td>
1332 <td>^/somepath(.*) http://thishost/otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1333 <td>http://thishost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection</td>
1337 <td>^/somepath(.*) http://thishost/otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1338 <td>doesn't make sense, not supported</td>
1342 <td>^/somepath(.*) http://otherhost/otherpath$1</td>
1343 <td>http://otherhost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection</td>
1347 <td>^/somepath(.*) http://otherhost/otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1348 <td>http://otherhost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection (the [R] flag is redundant)</td>
1352 <td>^/somepath(.*) http://otherhost/otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1353 <td>http://otherhost/otherpath/pathinfo via internal proxy</td>
1357 <p><strong>Inside per-directory configuration for
1358 <code>/somepath</code><br />
1359 (<code>/physical/path/to/somepath/.htaccess</code>, with
1360 <code>RewriteBase /somepath</code>)<br />
1361 for request ``<code>GET
1362 /somepath/localpath/pathinfo</code>'':</strong><br />
1365 <table class="bordered">
1369 <th>Resulting Substitution</th>
1373 <td>^localpath(.*) otherpath$1</td>
1374 <td>/somepath/otherpath/pathinfo</td>
1378 <td>^localpath(.*) otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1379 <td>http://thishost/somepath/otherpath/pathinfo via external
1384 <td>^localpath(.*) otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1385 <td>doesn't make sense, not supported</td>
1389 <td>^localpath(.*) /otherpath$1</td>
1390 <td>/otherpath/pathinfo</td>
1394 <td>^localpath(.*) /otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1395 <td>http://thishost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection</td>
1399 <td>^localpath(.*) /otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1400 <td>doesn't make sense, not supported</td>
1404 <td>^localpath(.*) http://thishost/otherpath$1</td>
1405 <td>/otherpath/pathinfo</td>
1409 <td>^localpath(.*) http://thishost/otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1410 <td>http://thishost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection</td>
1414 <td>^localpath(.*) http://thishost/otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1415 <td>doesn't make sense, not supported</td>
1419 <td>^localpath(.*) http://otherhost/otherpath$1</td>
1420 <td>http://otherhost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection</td>
1424 <td>^localpath(.*) http://otherhost/otherpath$1 [R]</td>
1425 <td>http://otherhost/otherpath/pathinfo via external redirection (the [R] flag is redundant)</td>
1429 <td>^localpath(.*) http://otherhost/otherpath$1 [P]</td>
1430 <td>http://otherhost/otherpath/pathinfo via internal proxy</td>
1438 <div class="bottomlang">
1439 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_rewrite.html" title="English"> en </a> |
1440 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_rewrite.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
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