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8 <title>mod_remoteip - Apache HTTP Server</title>
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19 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_remoteip</h1>
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_remoteip.html" title="English"> en </a> |
28 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_remoteip.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Replaces the original client IP address for the connection
31 with the useragent IP address list presented by a proxies or a load balancer
32 via the request headers.
34 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
35 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>remoteip_module</td></tr>
36 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip.c</td></tr></table>
39 <p>This module is used to treat the useragent which initiated the
40 request as the originating useragent as identified by httpd for the
41 purposes of authorization and logging, even where that useragent is
42 behind a load balancer, front end server, or proxy server.</p>
44 <p>The module overrides the client IP address for the connection
45 with the useragent IP address reported in the request header configured
46 with the <code class="directive">RemoteIPHeader</code> directive.</p>
48 <p>Once replaced as instructed, this overridden useragent IP address is
49 then used for the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code>
50 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html#require ip"><Require ip></a></code>
51 feature, is reported by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>, and is recorded by
52 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code> <code>%a</code> and <code class="module"><a href="../mod/core.html">core</a></code>
53 <code>%a</code> format strings. The underlying client IP of the connection
54 is available in the <code>%{c}a</code> format string.</p>
56 <div class="warning">It is critical to only enable this behavior from
57 intermediate hosts (proxies, etc) which are trusted by this server, since
58 it is trivial for the remote useragent to impersonate another
61 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
63 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipheader">RemoteIPHeader</a></li>
64 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipinternalproxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a></li>
65 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipinternalproxylist">RemoteIPInternalProxyList</a></li>
66 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteipproxiesheader">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</a></li>
67 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteiptrustedproxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a></li>
68 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#remoteiptrustedproxylist">RemoteIPTrustedProxyList</a></li>
72 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#processing">Remote IP Processing</a></li>
73 </ul><h3>See also</h3>
75 <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_host.html">mod_authz_host</a></code></li>
76 <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code></li>
77 <li><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code></li>
79 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
81 <h2><a name="processing" id="processing">Remote IP Processing</a></h2>
83 <p>Apache by default identifies the useragent with the connection's
84 client_ip value, and the connection remote_host and remote_logname are
85 derived from this value. These fields play a role in authentication,
86 authorization and logging and other purposes by other loadable
89 <p>mod_remoteip overrides the client IP of the connection with the
90 advertised useragent IP as provided by a proxy or load balancer, for
91 the duration of the request. A load balancer might establish a long
92 lived keepalive connection with the server, and each request will
93 have the correct useragent IP, even though the underlying client IP
94 address of the load balancer remains unchanged.</p>
96 <p>When multiple, comma delimited useragent IP addresses are listed in the
97 header value, they are processed in Right-to-Left order. Processing
98 halts when a given useragent IP address is not trusted to present the
99 preceding IP address. The header field is updated to this remaining
100 list of unconfirmed IP addresses, or if all IP addresses were trusted,
101 this header is removed from the request altogether.</p>
103 <p>In overriding the client IP, the module stores the list of intermediate
104 hosts in a remoteip-proxy-ip-list note, which <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code>
105 can record using the <code>%{remoteip-proxy-ip-list}n</code> format token.
106 If the administrator needs to store this as an additional header, this
107 same value can also be recording as a header using the directive
108 <code class="directive">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</code>.</p>
110 <div class="note"><h3>IPv4-over-IPv6 Mapped Addresses</h3>
111 As with httpd in general, any IPv4-over-IPv6 mapped addresses are recorded
112 in their IPv4 representation.</div>
114 <div class="note"><h3>Internal (Private) Addresses</h3>
115 All internal addresses 10/8, 172.16/12, 192.168/16, 169.254/16 and 127/8
116 blocks (and IPv6 addresses outside of the public 2000::/3 block) are only
117 evaluated by mod_remoteip when <code class="directive">RemoteIPInternalProxy</code>
118 internal (intranet) proxies are registered.</div>
121 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
122 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPHeader" id="RemoteIPHeader">RemoteIPHeader</a> <a name="remoteipheader" id="remoteipheader">Directive</a></h2>
123 <table class="directive">
124 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare the header field which should be parsed for useragent IP addresses</td></tr>
125 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPHeader <var>header-field</var></code></td></tr>
126 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
127 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
128 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
130 <p>The <code class="directive">RemoteIPHeader</code> directive triggers
131 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code> to treat the value of the specified
132 <var>header-field</var> header as the useragent IP address, or list
133 of intermediate useragent IP addresses, subject to further configuration
134 of the <code class="directive">RemoteIPInternalProxy</code> and
135 <code class="directive">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</code> directives. Unless these
136 other directives are used, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code> will trust all
137 hosts presenting a <code class="directive">RemoteIPHeader</code> IP value.</p>
139 <div class="example"><h3>Internal (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
140 RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP
144 <div class="example"><h3>Proxy Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
145 RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
150 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
151 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPInternalProxy" id="RemoteIPInternalProxy">RemoteIPInternalProxy</a> <a name="remoteipinternalproxy" id="remoteipinternalproxy">Directive</a></h2>
152 <table class="directive">
153 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
154 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPInternalProxy <var>proxy-ip</var>|<var>proxy-ip/subnet</var>|<var>hostname</var> ...</code></td></tr>
155 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
156 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
157 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
159 <p>The <code class="directive">RemoteIPInternalProxy</code> directive adds one
160 or more addresses (or address blocks) to trust as presenting a valid
161 RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP. Unlike the
162 <code class="directive">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</code> directive, any IP address
163 presented in this header, including private intranet addresses, are
164 trusted when passed from these proxies.</p>
166 <div class="example"><h3>Internal (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
167 RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP
168 RemoteIPTrustedProxy 10.0.2.0/24
169 RemoteIPTrustedProxy gateway.localdomain
174 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
175 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPInternalProxyList" id="RemoteIPInternalProxyList">RemoteIPInternalProxyList</a> <a name="remoteipinternalproxylist" id="remoteipinternalproxylist">Directive</a></h2>
176 <table class="directive">
177 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
178 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPInternalProxyList <var>filename</var></code></td></tr>
179 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
180 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
181 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
183 <p>The <code class="directive">RemoteIPInternalProxyList</code> directive specifies
184 a file parsed at startup, and builds a list of addresses (or address blocks)
185 to trust as presenting a valid RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP.</p>
187 <p>The '<code>#</code>' hash character designates a comment line, otherwise
188 each whitespace or newline separated entry is processed identically to
189 the <code class="directive">RemoteIPInternalProxy</code> directive.</p>
191 <div class="example"><h3>Internal (Load Balancer) Example</h3><p><code>
192 RemoteIPHeader X-Client-IP<br />
193 RemoteIPTrustedProxyList conf/trusted-proxies.lst
196 <div class="example"><h3>conf/trusted-proxies.lst contents</h3><div class="example"><pre>
197 # Our internally trusted proxies;
198 10.0.2.0/24 #Everyone in the testing group
199 gateway.localdomain #The front end balancer
203 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
204 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPProxiesHeader" id="RemoteIPProxiesHeader">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</a> <a name="remoteipproxiesheader" id="remoteipproxiesheader">Directive</a></h2>
205 <table class="directive">
206 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare the header field which will record all intermediate IP addresses</td></tr>
207 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPProxiesHeader <var>HeaderFieldName</var></code></td></tr>
208 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
209 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
210 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
212 <p>The <code class="directive">RemoteIPProxiesHeader</code> directive specifies
213 a header into which <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_remoteip.html">mod_remoteip</a></code> will collect a list of
214 all of the intermediate client IP addresses trusted to resolve the useragent
215 IP of the request. Note that intermediate
216 <code class="directive">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</code> addresses are recorded in
217 this header, while any intermediate
218 <code class="directive">RemoteIPInternalProxy</code> addresses are discarded.</p>
220 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
221 RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
222 RemoteIPProxiesHeader X-Forwarded-By
227 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
228 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPTrustedProxy" id="RemoteIPTrustedProxy">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</a> <a name="remoteiptrustedproxy" id="remoteiptrustedproxy">Directive</a></h2>
229 <table class="directive">
230 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
231 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPTrustedProxy <var>proxy-ip</var>|<var>proxy-ip/subnet</var>|<var>hostname</var> ...</code></td></tr>
232 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
233 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
234 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
236 <p>The <code class="directive">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</code> directive adds one
237 or more addresses (or address blocks) to trust as presenting a valid
238 RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP. Unlike the
239 <code class="directive">RemoteIPInternalProxy</code> directive, any intranet
240 or private IP address reported by such proxies, including the 10/8, 172.16/12,
241 192.168/16, 169.254/16 and 127/8 blocks (or outside of the IPv6 public
242 2000::/3 block) are not trusted as the useragent IP, and are left in the
243 <code class="directive">RemoteIPHeader</code> header's value.</p>
245 <div class="example"><h3>Trusted (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
246 RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
247 RemoteIPTrustedProxy 10.0.2.16/28
248 RemoteIPTrustedProxy proxy.example.com
253 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
254 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="RemoteIPTrustedProxyList" id="RemoteIPTrustedProxyList">RemoteIPTrustedProxyList</a> <a name="remoteiptrustedproxylist" id="remoteiptrustedproxylist">Directive</a></h2>
255 <table class="directive">
256 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Declare client intranet IP addresses trusted to present the RemoteIPHeader value</td></tr>
257 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>RemoteIPTrustedProxyList <var>filename</var></code></td></tr>
258 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
259 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
260 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_remoteip</td></tr>
262 <p>The <code class="directive">RemoteIPTrustedProxyList</code> directive specifies
263 a file parsed at startup, and builds a list of addresses (or address blocks)
264 to trust as presenting a valid RemoteIPHeader value of the useragent IP.</p>
266 <p>The '<code>#</code>' hash character designates a comment line, otherwise
267 each whitespace or newline separated entry is processed identically to
268 the <code class="directive">RemoteIPTrustedProxy</code> directive.</p>
270 <div class="example"><h3>Trusted (Load Balancer) Example</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
271 RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For
272 RemoteIPTrustedProxyList conf/trusted-proxies.lst
276 <div class="example"><h3>conf/trusted-proxies.lst contents</h3><p><code>
277 # Identified external proxies;<br />
278 192.0.2.16/28 #wap phone group of proxies<br />
279 proxy.isp.example.com #some well known ISP
284 <div class="bottomlang">
285 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_remoteip.html" title="English"> en </a> |
286 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_remoteip.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
287 </div><div id="footer">
288 <p class="apache">Copyright 2012 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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