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24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1>
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> |
28 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
32 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table>
37 <p>Provides macros within Apache httpd runtime configuration files,
38 to ease the process of creating numerous similar configuration
39 blocks. When the server starts up, the macros are expanded using the
40 provided parameters, and the result is processed as along with the
41 rest of the configuration file.</p>
44 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
46 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><Macro></a></li>
47 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li>
48 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li>
52 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
53 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#tips">Tips</a></li>
54 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
55 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
56 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
58 <h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Usage</a></h2>
60 <p>Macros are defined using <code class="directive"><Macro></code> blocks, which contain the portion of
61 your configuration that needs to be repeated, complete with variables
62 for those parts that will need to be substituted.</p>
64 <p>For example, you might use a macro to define a <code class="directive"><VirtualHost></code> block, in order to define
65 multiple similar virtual hosts:</p>
67 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
68 <Macro VHost $name $domain>
69 <VirtualHost *:80>
71 ServerAlias www.$domain
73 DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/$name
74 ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/$name.error_log
75 CustomLog /var/log/httpd/$name.access_log combined
81 <p>Macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd configuration
82 directives. However, variable names are case sensitive.</p>
84 <p>You would then invoke this macro several times to create virtual
87 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
88 Use VHost example example.com
89 Use VHost myhost hostname.org
90 Use VHost apache apache.org
96 <p>At server startup time, each of these <code class="directive">Use</code>
97 invocations would be expanded into a full virtualhost, as
98 described by the <code class="directive">Macro</code> definition.</p>
100 <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive is used so that later
101 macros using the same variable names don't result in conflicting
104 <p>A more elaborate version of this example may be seen below in the
105 Examples section.</p>
107 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
108 <div class="section">
109 <h2><a name="tips" id="tips">Tips</a></h2>
111 <p>Parameter names should begin with a sigil such as <code>$</code>,
112 <code>%</code>, or <code>@</code>, so that they are clearly
113 identifiable, and also in order to help deail with interactions with
114 other directives, such as the core <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> directive. Failure to do so will
115 result in a warning. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to have a good
116 knowledge of your entire server configuration in order to avoid reusing
117 the same variables in different scopes, which can cause confusion.</p>
119 <p>Parameters prefixed with either <code>$</code> or <code>%</code> are
120 not escaped. Parameters prefixes with <code>@</code> are escaped in
123 <p>Avoid using a parameter which contains another parameter as a prefix,
124 (For example, <code>$win</code> and <code>$winter</code>) as this may
125 cause confusion at expression evaluation time. In the event of such
126 confusion, the longest possible parameter name is used.</p>
128 <p>If you want to use a value within another string, it is useful to
129 surround the parameter in braces, to avoid confusion:</p>
131 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
132 <Macro DocRoot ${docroot}>
133 DocumentRoot /var/www/${docroot}/htdocs
138 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
139 <div class="section">
140 <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
143 <h3>Virtual Host Definition</h3>
146 <p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of
147 dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p>
149 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
150 ## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations
152 <Macro VHost $host $port $dir>
154 <VirtualHost *:$port>
159 # Public document root
160 <Directory $dir>
164 # limit access to intranet subdir.
165 <Directory $dir/intranet>
166 Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
171 ## Use of VHost with different arguments.
173 Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs
174 Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs
175 Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs
180 <h3>Removal of a macro definition</h3>
183 <p>It's recommended that you undefine a macro once you've used it. This
184 avoids confusion in a complex configuration file where there may be
185 conflicts in variable names.</p>
187 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
188 <Macro DirGroup $dir $group>
189 <Directory $dir>
194 Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private
195 Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin
204 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
205 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro"><Macro></a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2>
206 <table class="directive">
207 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr>
208 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>
209 <Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]>
210 ... </Macro></code></td></tr>
211 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
212 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
213 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
215 <p>The <code class="directive">Macro</code> directive controls the definition of
216 a macro within the server runtime configuration files.
217 The first argument is the name of the macro.
218 Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix
219 parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names
220 with such characters.
223 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
224 <Macro LocalAccessPolicy>
225 Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
228 <Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers>
229 Require ip $ipnumbers
235 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
236 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2>
237 <table class="directive">
238 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr>
239 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr>
240 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
241 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
242 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
244 <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro
245 which has been defined before hand.</p>
247 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
248 UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy
249 UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy
254 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
255 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2>
256 <table class="directive">
257 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr>
258 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>]
260 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
261 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
262 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
264 <p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro.
265 The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of
266 arguments than in the macro definition. The provided values are
267 associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted
268 before processing.</p>
270 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
271 Use LocalAccessPolicy
273 Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"
277 <p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p>
279 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
280 Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
282 Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24
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