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26 <div id="page-content">
27 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1>
29 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> |
30 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
32 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
34 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr>
35 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table>
39 <p>Provides macros within Apache httpd runtime configuration files,
40 to ease the process of creating numerous similar configuration
41 blocks. When the server starts up, the macros are expanded using the
42 provided parameters, and the result is processed as along with the
43 rest of the configuration file.</p>
46 <div id="quickview"><h3>Topics</h3>
48 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
49 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#tips">Tips</a></li>
50 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
51 </ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
53 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><Macro></a></li>
54 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macroignorebadnesting">MacroIgnoreBadNesting</a></li>
55 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macroignoreemptyargs">MacroIgnoreEmptyArgs</a></li>
56 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li>
57 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li>
59 <h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&list_id=144532&product=Apache%20httpd-2&query_format=specific&order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&component=mod_macro">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&component=mod_macro">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3>
61 <li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
62 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
64 <h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Usage</a></h2>
66 <p>Macros are defined using <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code> blocks, which contain the portion of
67 your configuration that needs to be repeated, complete with variables
68 for those parts that will need to be substituted.</p>
70 <p>For example, you might use a macro to define a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> block, in order to define
71 multiple similar virtual hosts:</p>
73 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro VHost $name $domain>
74 <VirtualHost *:80>
76 ServerAlias www.$domain
78 DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/$name"
79 ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.error_log"
80 CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.access_log" combined
85 <p>Macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd configuration
86 directives. However, variable names are case sensitive.</p>
88 <p>You would then invoke this macro several times to create virtual
91 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use VHost example example.com
92 Use VHost myhost hostname.org
93 Use VHost apache apache.org
95 UndefMacro VHost</pre>
98 <p>At server startup time, each of these <code class="directive"><a href="#use">Use</a></code>
99 invocations would be expanded into a full virtualhost, as
100 described by the <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code>
103 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></code> directive is
104 used so that later macros using the same variable names don't result in
105 conflicting definitions.</p>
107 <p>A more elaborate version of this example may be seen below in the
108 Examples section.</p>
110 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
111 <div class="section">
112 <h2><a name="tips" id="tips">Tips</a></h2>
114 <p>Parameter names should begin with a sigil such as <code>$</code>,
115 <code>%</code>, or <code>@</code>, so that they are clearly
116 identifiable, and also in order to help deal with interactions with
117 other directives, such as the core <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> directive. Failure to do so will
118 result in a warning. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to have a good
119 knowledge of your entire server configuration in order to avoid reusing
120 the same variables in different scopes, which can cause confusion.</p>
122 <p>Parameters prefixed with either <code>$</code> or <code>%</code> are
123 not escaped. Parameters prefixes with <code>@</code> are escaped in
126 <p>Avoid using a parameter which contains another parameter as a prefix,
127 (For example, <code>$win</code> and <code>$winter</code>) as this may
128 cause confusion at expression evaluation time. In the event of such
129 confusion, the longest possible parameter name is used.</p>
131 <p>If you want to use a value within another string, it is useful to
132 surround the parameter in braces, to avoid confusion:</p>
134 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DocRoot ${docroot}>
135 DocumentRoot "/var/www/${docroot}/htdocs"
139 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
140 <div class="section">
141 <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
144 <h3>Virtual Host Definition</h3>
147 <p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of
148 dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p>
150 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations
152 <Macro VHost $host $port $dir>
154 <VirtualHost *:$port>
159 # Public document root
160 <Directory "$dir">
164 # limit access to intranet subdir.
165 <Directory "$dir/intranet">
166 Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
171 ## Use of VHost with different arguments.
173 Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs
174 Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs
175 Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs</pre>
179 <h3>Removal of a macro definition</h3>
182 <p>It's recommended that you undefine a macro once you've used it. This
183 avoids confusion in a complex configuration file where there may be
184 conflicts in variable names.</p>
186 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DirGroup $dir $group>
187 <Directory "$dir">
192 Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private
193 Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin
195 UndefMacro DirGroup</pre>
201 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
202 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro"><Macro></a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2>
203 <table class="directive">
204 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr>
205 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>
206 <Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]>
207 ... </Macro></code></td></tr>
208 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
209 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
210 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
211 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
213 <p>The <code class="directive"><Macro></code> directive controls the
214 definition of a macro within the server runtime configuration files.
215 The first argument is the name of the macro.
216 Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix
217 parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names
218 with such characters.
221 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro LocalAccessPolicy>
222 Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
225 <Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers>
226 Require ip $ipnumbers
231 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
232 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MacroIgnoreBadNesting" id="MacroIgnoreBadNesting">MacroIgnoreBadNesting</a> <a name="macroignorebadnesting" id="macroignorebadnesting">Directive</a></h2>
233 <table class="directive">
234 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Ignore warnings, and does not log, about bad nesting of Macros</td></tr>
235 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MacroIgnoreBadNesting</code></td></tr>
236 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
237 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
238 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
239 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
242 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
243 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MacroIgnoreEmptyArgs" id="MacroIgnoreEmptyArgs">MacroIgnoreEmptyArgs</a> <a name="macroignoreemptyargs" id="macroignoreemptyargs">Directive</a></h2>
244 <table class="directive">
245 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Ignore warnings, and does not log, about empty Macro argument(s)</td></tr>
246 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MacroIgnoreEmptyArgs</code></td></tr>
247 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
248 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
249 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
250 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
253 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
254 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2>
255 <table class="directive">
256 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr>
257 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr>
258 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
259 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
260 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
261 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
263 <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro
264 which has been defined before hand.</p>
266 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy
267 UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy</pre>
271 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
272 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2>
273 <table class="directive">
274 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr>
275 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>]
277 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
278 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
279 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
280 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
282 <p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro.
283 The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of
284 arguments as in the macro definition. The provided values are
285 associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted
286 before processing.</p>
288 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use LocalAccessPolicy
290 Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"</pre>
293 <p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p>
295 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
297 Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24</pre>
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