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21 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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25 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
26 <div id="page-content">
27 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1>
29 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> |
30 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
32 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
34 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr>
35 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table>
39 <p>Provides macros within Apache httpd runtime configuration files,
40 to ease the process of creating numerous similar configuration
41 blocks. When the server starts up, the macros are expanded using the
42 provided parameters, and the result is processed as along with the
43 rest of the configuration file.</p>
46 <div id="quickview"><h3>Topics</h3>
48 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
49 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#tips">Tips</a></li>
50 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
51 </ul><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
53 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><Macro></a></li>
54 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li>
55 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li>
57 <h3>Bugfix checklist</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="https://www.apache.org/dist/httpd/CHANGES_2.4">httpd changelog</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/buglist.cgi?bug_status=__open__&list_id=144532&product=Apache%20httpd-2&query_format=specific&order=changeddate%20DESC%2Cpriority%2Cbug_severity&component=mod_macro">Known issues</a></li><li><a href="https://bz.apache.org/bugzilla/enter_bug.cgi?product=Apache%20httpd-2&component=mod_macro">Report a bug</a></li></ul><h3>See also</h3>
59 <li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
60 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
62 <h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Usage</a></h2>
64 <p>Macros are defined using <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code> blocks, which contain the portion of
65 your configuration that needs to be repeated, complete with variables
66 for those parts that will need to be substituted.</p>
68 <p>For example, you might use a macro to define a <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> block, in order to define
69 multiple similar virtual hosts:</p>
71 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro VHost $name $domain>
72 <VirtualHost *:80>
74 ServerAlias www.$domain
76 DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/$name"
77 ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.error_log"
78 CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/$name.access_log" combined
83 <p>Macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd configuration
84 directives. However, variable names are case sensitive.</p>
86 <p>You would then invoke this macro several times to create virtual
89 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use VHost example example.com
90 Use VHost myhost hostname.org
91 Use VHost apache apache.org
93 UndefMacro VHost</pre>
96 <p>At server startup time, each of these <code class="directive"><a href="#use">Use</a></code>
97 invocations would be expanded into a full virtualhost, as
98 described by the <code class="directive"><a href="#macro"><Macro></a></code>
101 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></code> directive is
102 used so that later macros using the same variable names don't result in
103 conflicting definitions.</p>
105 <p>A more elaborate version of this example may be seen below in the
106 Examples section.</p>
108 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
109 <div class="section">
110 <h2><a name="tips" id="tips">Tips</a></h2>
112 <p>Parameter names should begin with a sigil such as <code>$</code>,
113 <code>%</code>, or <code>@</code>, so that they are clearly
114 identifiable, and also in order to help deal with interactions with
115 other directives, such as the core <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> directive. Failure to do so will
116 result in a warning. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to have a good
117 knowledge of your entire server configuration in order to avoid reusing
118 the same variables in different scopes, which can cause confusion.</p>
120 <p>Parameters prefixed with either <code>$</code> or <code>%</code> are
121 not escaped. Parameters prefixes with <code>@</code> are escaped in
124 <p>Avoid using a parameter which contains another parameter as a prefix,
125 (For example, <code>$win</code> and <code>$winter</code>) as this may
126 cause confusion at expression evaluation time. In the event of such
127 confusion, the longest possible parameter name is used.</p>
129 <p>If you want to use a value within another string, it is useful to
130 surround the parameter in braces, to avoid confusion:</p>
132 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DocRoot ${docroot}>
133 DocumentRoot "/var/www/${docroot}/htdocs"
137 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
138 <div class="section">
139 <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
142 <h3>Virtual Host Definition</h3>
145 <p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of
146 dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p>
148 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations
150 <Macro VHost $host $port $dir>
152 <VirtualHost *:$port>
157 # Public document root
158 <Directory "$dir">
162 # limit access to intranet subdir.
163 <Directory "$dir/intranet">
164 Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
169 ## Use of VHost with different arguments.
171 Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs
172 Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs
173 Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs</pre>
177 <h3>Removal of a macro definition</h3>
180 <p>It's recommended that you undefine a macro once you've used it. This
181 avoids confusion in a complex configuration file where there may be
182 conflicts in variable names.</p>
184 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DirGroup $dir $group>
185 <Directory "$dir">
190 Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private
191 Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin
193 UndefMacro DirGroup</pre>
199 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
200 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro"><Macro></a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2>
201 <table class="directive">
202 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr>
203 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>
204 <Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]>
205 ... </Macro></code></td></tr>
206 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
207 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
208 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
210 <p>The <code class="directive"><Macro></code> directive controls the
211 definition of a macro within the server runtime configuration files.
212 The first argument is the name of the macro.
213 Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix
214 parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names
215 with such characters.
218 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro LocalAccessPolicy>
219 Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
222 <Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers>
223 Require ip $ipnumbers
228 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
229 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2>
230 <table class="directive">
231 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr>
232 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr>
233 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
234 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
235 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
237 <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro
238 which has been defined before hand.</p>
240 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy
241 UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy</pre>
245 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
246 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2>
247 <table class="directive">
248 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr>
249 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>]
251 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
252 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
253 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
255 <p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro.
256 The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of
257 arguments as in the macro definition. The provided values are
258 associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted
259 before processing.</p>
261 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use LocalAccessPolicy
263 Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"</pre>
266 <p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p>
268 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
270 Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24</pre>
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276 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> |
277 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
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