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24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_macro</h1>
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> |
28 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_macro.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides macros within apache httpd runtime configuration files</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
32 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>macro_module</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_macro.c</td></tr></table>
37 <p>Provides macros within Apache httpd runtime configuration files,
38 to ease the process of creating numerous similar configuration
39 blocks. When the server starts up, the macros are expanded using the
40 provided parameters, and the result is processed as along with the
41 rest of the configuration file.</p>
44 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
46 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#macro"><Macro></a></li>
47 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#undefmacro">UndefMacro</a></li>
48 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#use">Use</a></li>
52 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usage">Usage</a></li>
53 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#tips">Tips</a></li>
54 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#examples">Examples</a></li>
55 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
56 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
58 <h2><a name="usage" id="usage">Usage</a></h2>
60 <p>Macros are defined using <code class="directive"><Macro></code> blocks, which contain the portion of
61 your configuration that needs to be repeated, complete with variables
62 for those parts that will need to be substituted.</p>
64 <p>For example, you might use a macro to define a <code class="directive"><VirtualHost></code> block, in order to define
65 multiple similar virtual hosts:</p>
67 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro VHost $name $domain>
68 <VirtualHost *:80>
70 ServerAlias www.$domain
72 DocumentRoot /var/www/vhosts/$name
73 ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/$name.error_log
74 CustomLog /var/log/httpd/$name.access_log combined
79 <p>Macro names are case-insensitive, like httpd configuration
80 directives. However, variable names are case sensitive.</p>
82 <p>You would then invoke this macro several times to create virtual
85 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use VHost example example.com
86 Use VHost myhost hostname.org
87 Use VHost apache apache.org
89 UndefMacro VHost</pre>
92 <p>At server startup time, each of these <code class="directive">Use</code>
93 invocations would be expanded into a full virtualhost, as
94 described by the <code class="directive">Macro</code> definition.</p>
96 <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive is used so that later
97 macros using the same variable names don't result in conflicting
100 <p>A more elaborate version of this example may be seen below in the
101 Examples section.</p>
103 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
104 <div class="section">
105 <h2><a name="tips" id="tips">Tips</a></h2>
107 <p>Parameter names should begin with a sigil such as <code>$</code>,
108 <code>%</code>, or <code>@</code>, so that they are clearly
109 identifiable, and also in order to help deal with interactions with
110 other directives, such as the core <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#define">Define</a></code> directive. Failure to do so will
111 result in a warning. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to have a good
112 knowledge of your entire server configuration in order to avoid reusing
113 the same variables in different scopes, which can cause confusion.</p>
115 <p>Parameters prefixed with either <code>$</code> or <code>%</code> are
116 not escaped. Parameters prefixes with <code>@</code> are escaped in
119 <p>Avoid using a parameter which contains another parameter as a prefix,
120 (For example, <code>$win</code> and <code>$winter</code>) as this may
121 cause confusion at expression evaluation time. In the event of such
122 confusion, the longest possible parameter name is used.</p>
124 <p>If you want to use a value within another string, it is useful to
125 surround the parameter in braces, to avoid confusion:</p>
127 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DocRoot ${docroot}>
128 DocumentRoot /var/www/${docroot}/htdocs
132 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
133 <div class="section">
134 <h2><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h2>
137 <h3>Virtual Host Definition</h3>
140 <p>A common usage of <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_macro.html">mod_macro</a></code> is for the creation of
141 dynamically-generated virtual hosts.</p>
143 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">## Define a VHost Macro for repetitive configurations
145 <Macro VHost $host $port $dir>
147 <VirtualHost *:$port>
152 # Public document root
153 <Directory $dir>
157 # limit access to intranet subdir.
158 <Directory $dir/intranet>
159 Require ip 10.0.0.0/8
164 ## Use of VHost with different arguments.
166 Use VHost www.apache.org 80 /vhosts/apache/htdocs
167 Use VHost example.org 8080 /vhosts/example/htdocs
168 Use VHost www.example.fr 1234 /vhosts/example.fr/htdocs</pre>
172 <h3>Removal of a macro definition</h3>
175 <p>It's recommended that you undefine a macro once you've used it. This
176 avoids confusion in a complex configuration file where there may be
177 conflicts in variable names.</p>
179 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro DirGroup $dir $group>
180 <Directory $dir>
185 Use DirGroup /www/apache/private private
186 Use DirGroup /www/apache/server admin
188 UndefMacro DirGroup</pre>
194 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
195 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Macro" id="Macro"><Macro></a> <a name="macro" id="macro">Directive</a></h2>
196 <table class="directive">
197 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Define a configuration file macro</td></tr>
198 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>
199 <Macro <var>name</var> [<var>par1</var> .. <var>parN</var>]>
200 ... </Macro></code></td></tr>
201 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
202 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
203 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
205 <p>The <code class="directive">Macro</code> directive controls the definition of
206 a macro within the server runtime configuration files.
207 The first argument is the name of the macro.
208 Other arguments are parameters to the macro. It is good practice to prefix
209 parameter names with any of '<code>$%@</code>', and not macro names
210 with such characters.
213 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config"><Macro LocalAccessPolicy>
214 Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
217 <Macro RestrictedAccessPolicy $ipnumbers>
218 Require ip $ipnumbers
223 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
224 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="UndefMacro" id="UndefMacro">UndefMacro</a> <a name="undefmacro" id="undefmacro">Directive</a></h2>
225 <table class="directive">
226 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Undefine a macro</td></tr>
227 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>UndefMacro <var>name</var></code></td></tr>
228 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
229 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
230 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
232 <p>The <code class="directive">UndefMacro</code> directive undefines a macro
233 which has been defined before hand.</p>
235 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">UndefMacro LocalAccessPolicy
236 UndefMacro RestrictedAccessPolicy</pre>
240 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
241 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="Use" id="Use">Use</a> <a name="use" id="use">Directive</a></h2>
242 <table class="directive">
243 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Use a macro</td></tr>
244 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>Use <var>name</var> [<var>value1</var> ... <var>valueN</var>]
246 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory</td></tr>
247 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
248 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_macro</td></tr>
250 <p>The <code class="directive">Use</code> directive controls the use of a macro.
251 The specified macro is expanded. It must be given the same number of
252 arguments as in the macro definition. The provided values are
253 associated to their corresponding initial parameters and are substituted
254 before processing.</p>
256 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Use LocalAccessPolicy
258 Use RestrictedAccessPolicy "192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24"</pre>
261 <p>is equivalent, with the macros defined above, to:</p>
263 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">Require ip 10.2.16.0/24
265 Require ip 192.54.172.0/24 192.54.148.0/24</pre>
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271 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_macro.html" title="English"> en </a> |
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