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19 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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23 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_lua</h1>
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_lua.html" title="English"> en </a> |
28 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_lua.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides Lua hooks into various portions of the httpd
31 request processing</td></tr>
32 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>lua_module</td></tr>
34 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_lua.c</td></tr>
35 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.3 and later</td></tr></table>
38 <p>This module allows the server to be extended with scripts written in the
39 Lua programming language. The extension points (hooks) available with
40 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_lua.html">mod_lua</a></code> include many of the hooks available to
41 natively compiled Apache HTTP Server modules, such as mapping requests to
42 files, generating dynamic responses, access control, authentication, and
45 <p>More information on the Lua programming language can be found at the
46 <a href="http://www.lua.org/">the Lua website</a>.</p>
48 <div class="note"><code>mod_lua</code> is still in experimental state.
49 Until it is declared stable, usage and behavior may change
50 at any time, even between stable releases of the 2.4.x series.
51 Be sure to check the CHANGES file before upgrading.</div>
53 <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
54 <p>This module holds a great deal of power over httpd, which is both a
55 strength and a potential security risk. It is <strong>not</strong> recommended
56 that you use this module on a server that is shared with users you do not
57 trust, as it can be abused to change the internal workings of httpd.</p>
61 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
63 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaauthzprovider">LuaAuthzProvider</a></li>
64 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luacodecache">LuaCodeCache</a></li>
65 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookaccesschecker">LuaHookAccessChecker</a></li>
66 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookauthchecker">LuaHookAuthChecker</a></li>
67 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookcheckuserid">LuaHookCheckUserID</a></li>
68 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookfixups">LuaHookFixups</a></li>
69 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookinsertfilter">LuaHookInsertFilter</a></li>
70 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookmaptostorage">LuaHookMapToStorage</a></li>
71 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahooktranslatename">LuaHookTranslateName</a></li>
72 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahooktypechecker">LuaHookTypeChecker</a></li>
73 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luainherit">LuaInherit</a></li>
74 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luainputfilter">LuaInputFilter</a></li>
75 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luamaphandler">LuaMapHandler</a></li>
76 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaoutputfilter">LuaOutputFilter</a></li>
77 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luapackagecpath">LuaPackageCPath</a></li>
78 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luapackagepath">LuaPackagePath</a></li>
79 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaquickhandler">LuaQuickHandler</a></li>
80 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaroot">LuaRoot</a></li>
81 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luascope">LuaScope</a></li>
85 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basicconf">Basic Configuration</a></li>
86 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#writinghandlers">Writing Handlers</a></li>
87 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#writingauthzproviders">Writing Authorization Providers</a></li>
88 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#writinghooks">Writing Hooks</a></li>
89 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#datastructures">Data Structures</a></li>
90 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#functions">Built in functions</a></li>
91 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#logging">Logging Functions</a></li>
92 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#apache2">apache2 Package</a></li>
93 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua filters</a></li>
94 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#databases">Database connectivity</a></li>
95 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
96 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
98 <h2><a name="basicconf" id="basicconf">Basic Configuration</a></h2>
100 <p>The basic module loading directive is</p>
102 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
103 LoadModule lua_module modules/mod_lua.so
108 <code>mod_lua</code> provides a handler named <code>lua-script</code>,
109 which can be used with an <code>AddHandler</code> directive:</p>
111 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
112 AddHandler lua-script .lua
117 This will cause <code>mod_lua</code> to handle requests for files
118 ending in <code>.lua</code> by invoking that file's
119 <code>handle</code> function.
122 <p>For more flexibility, see <code class="directive">LuaMapHandler</code>.
125 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
126 <div class="section">
127 <h2><a name="writinghandlers" id="writinghandlers">Writing Handlers</a></h2>
128 <p> In the Apache HTTP Server API, the handler is a specific kind of hook
129 responsible for generating the response. Examples of modules that include a
130 handler are <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>,
131 and <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>.</p>
133 <p><code>mod_lua</code> always looks to invoke a Lua function for the handler, rather than
134 just evaluating a script body CGI style. A handler function looks
135 something like this:</p>
138 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
139 <strong>example.lua</strong><br />
145 This is the default method name for Lua handlers, see the optional
146 function-name in the LuaMapHandler directive to choose a different
150 r.content_type = "text/plain"
151 r:puts("Hello Lua World!\n")
153 if r.method == 'GET' then
154 for k, v in pairs( r:parseargs() ) do
155 r:puts( string.format("%s: %s\n", k, v) )
157 elseif r.method == 'POST' then
158 for k, v in pairs( r:parsebody() ) do
159 r:puts( string.format("%s: %s\n", k, v) )
162 r:puts("Unsupported HTTP method " .. r.method)
169 This handler function just prints out the uri or form encoded
170 arguments to a plaintext page.
174 This means (and in fact encourages) that you can have multiple
175 handlers (or hooks, or filters) in the same script.
178 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
179 <div class="section">
180 <h2><a name="writingauthzproviders" id="writingauthzproviders">Writing Authorization Providers</a></h2>
183 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> provides a high-level interface to
184 authorization that is much easier to use than using into the relevant
185 hooks directly. The first argument to the
186 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive gives
187 the name of the responsible authorization provider. For any
188 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> line,
189 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> will call the authorization provider
190 of the given name, passing the rest of the line as parameters. The
191 provider will then check authorization and pass the result as return
194 <p>The authz provider is normally called before authentication. If it needs to
195 know the authenticated user name (or if the user will be authenticated at
196 all), the provider must return <code>apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED_NO_USER</code>.
197 This will cause authentication to proceed and the authz provider to be
198 called a second time.</p>
200 <p>The following authz provider function takes two arguments, one ip
201 address and one user name. It will allow access from the given ip address
202 without authentication, or if the authenticated user matches the second
205 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
206 <strong>authz_provider.lua</strong><br />
210 function authz_check_foo(r, ip, user)
211 if r.useragent_ip == ip then
212 return apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED
213 elseif r.user == nil then
214 return apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED_NO_USER
215 elseif r.user == user then
216 return apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED
218 return apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED
224 <p>The following configuration registers this function as provider
225 <code>foo</code> and configures it for URL <code>/</code>:</p>
226 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
227 LuaAuthzProvider foo authz_provider.lua authz_check_foo
229 Require foo 10.1.2.3 john_doe
234 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
235 <div class="section">
236 <h2><a name="writinghooks" id="writinghooks">Writing Hooks</a></h2>
238 <p>Hook functions are how modules (and Lua scripts) participate in the
239 processing of requests. Each type of hook exposed by the server exists for
240 a specific purpose, such as mapping requests to the filesystem,
241 performing access control, or setting mimetypes:</p>
243 <table class="bordered"><tr class="header">
245 <th>mod_lua directive</th>
249 <td>Quick handler</td>
250 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luaquickhandler">LuaQuickHandler</a></code></td>
251 <td>This is the first hook that will be called after a request has
252 been mapped to a host or virtual host</td>
255 <td>Translate name</td>
256 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahooktranslatename">LuaHookTranslateName</a></code></td>
257 <td>This phase translates the requested URI into a filename on the
258 system. Modules such as <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code> and
259 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> operate in this phase.</td>
262 <td>Map to storage</td>
263 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookmaptostorage">LuaHookMapToStorage</a></code></td>
264 <td>This phase maps files to their physical, cached or external/proxied storage.
265 It can be used by proxy or caching modules</td>
268 <td>Check Access</td>
269 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookaccesschecker">LuaHookAccessChecker</a></code></td>
270 <td>This phase checks whether a client has access to a resource. This
271 phase is run before the user is authenticated, so beware.
275 <td>Check User ID</td>
276 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookcheckuserid">LuaHookCheckUserID</a></code></td>
277 <td>This phase it used to check the negotiated user ID</td>
280 <td>Check Authorization</td>
281 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookauthchecker">LuaHookAuthChecker</a></code> or
282 <code class="directive"><a href="#luaauthzprovider">LuaAuthzProvider</a></code></td>
283 <td>This phase authorizes a user based on the negotiated credentials, such as
284 user ID, client certificate etc.
289 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahooktypechecker">LuaHookTypeChecker</a></code></td>
290 <td>This phase checks the requested file and assigns a content type and
295 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookfixups">LuaHookFixups</a></code></td>
296 <td>This is the final "fix anything" phase before the content handlers
297 are run. Any last-minute changes to the request should be made here.</td>
300 <td>Content handler</td>
301 <td>fx. <code>.lua</code> files or through <code class="directive"><a href="#luamaphandler">LuaMapHandler</a></code></td>
302 <td>This is where the content is handled. Files are read, parsed, some are run,
303 and the result is sent to the client</td>
308 <td>Once a request has been handled, it enters several logging phases,
309 which logs the request in either the error or access log</td>
313 <p>Hook functions are passed the request object as their only argument
314 (except for LuaAuthzProvider, which also gets passed the arguments from
315 the Require directive).
316 They can return any value, depending on the hook, but most commonly
317 they'll return OK, DONE, or DECLINED, which you can write in lua as
318 <code>apache2.OK</code>, <code>apache2.DONE</code>, or
319 <code>apache2.DECLINED</code>, or else an HTTP status code.</p>
322 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
323 <strong>translate_name.lua</strong><br />
324 -- example hook that rewrites the URI to a filesystem path.
328 function translate_name(r)
329 if r.uri == "/translate-name" then
330 r.filename = r.document_root .. "/find_me.txt"
333 -- we don't care about this URL, give another module a chance
334 return apache2.DECLINED
340 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
341 <strong>translate_name2.lua</strong><br />
342 --[[ example hook that rewrites one URI to another URI. It returns a
343 apache2.DECLINED to give other URL mappers a chance to work on the
344 substitution, including the core translate_name hook which maps based
347 Note: Use the early/late flags in the directive to make it run before
353 function translate_name(r)
354 if r.uri == "/translate-name" then
355 r.uri = "/find_me.txt"
356 return apache2.DECLINED
358 return apache2.DECLINED
362 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
363 <div class="section">
364 <h2><a name="datastructures" id="datastructures">Data Structures</a></h2>
369 <p>The request_rec is mapped in as a userdata. It has a metatable
370 which lets you do useful things with it. For the most part it
371 has the same fields as the request_rec struct, many of which are writeable as
372 well as readable. (The table fields' content can be changed, but the
373 fields themselves cannot be set to different tables.)</p>
375 <table class="bordered"><tr class="header">
376 <th><strong>Name</strong></th>
377 <th><strong>Lua type</strong></th>
378 <th><strong>Writable</strong></th>
379 <th><strong>Description</strong></th>
382 <td><code>allowoverrides</code></td>
385 <td>The AllowOverride options applied to the current request.</td>
388 <td><code>ap_auth_type</code></td>
391 <td>If an authentication check was made, this is set to the type
392 of authentication (f.x. <code>basic</code>)</td>
395 <td><code>args</code></td>
398 <td>The query string arguments extracted from the request
399 (f.x. <code>foo=bar&name=johnsmith</code>)</td>
402 <td><code>assbackwards</code></td>
405 <td>Set to true if this is an HTTP/0.9 style request
406 (e.g. <code>GET /foo</code> (with no headers) )</td>
409 <td><code>auth_name</code></td>
412 <td>The realm name used for authorization (if applicable).</td>
415 <td><code>banner</code></td>
418 <td>The server banner, f.x. <code>Apache HTTP Server/2.4.3 openssl/0.9.8c</code></td>
421 <td><code>basic_auth_pw</code></td>
424 <td>The basic auth password sent with this request, if any</td>
427 <td><code>canonical_filename</code></td>
430 <td>The canonical filename of the request</td>
433 <td><code>content_encoding</code></td>
436 <td>The content encoding of the current request</td>
439 <td><code>content_type</code></td>
442 <td>The content type of the current request, as determined in the
443 type_check phase (f.x. <code>image/gif</code> or <code>text/html</code>)</td>
446 <td><code>context_prefix</code></td>
452 <td><code>context_document_root</code></td>
458 <td><code>document_root</code></td>
461 <td>The document root of the host</td>
464 <td><code>err_headers_out</code></td>
467 <td>MIME header environment for the response, printed even on errors and
468 persist across internal redirects</td>
471 <td><code>filename</code></td>
474 <td>The file name that the request maps to, f.x. /www/example.com/foo.txt. This can be
475 changed in the translate-name or map-to-storage phases of a request to allow the
476 default handler (or script handlers) to serve a different file than what was requested.</td>
479 <td><code>handler</code></td>
482 <td>The name of the <a href="../handler.html">handler</a> that should serve this request, f.x.
483 <code>lua-script</code> if it is to be served by mod_lua. This is typically set by the
484 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code>
485 directives, but could also be set via mod_lua to allow another handler to serve up a specific request
486 that would otherwise not be served by it.
490 <td><code>headers_in</code></td>
493 <td>MIME header environment from the request. This contains headers such as <code>Host,
494 User-Agent, Referer</code> and so on.</td>
497 <td><code>headers_out</code></td>
500 <td>MIME header environment for the response.</td>
503 <td><code>hostname</code></td>
506 <td>The host name, as set by the <code>Host:</code> header or by a full URI.</td>
509 <td><code>is_https</code></td>
512 <td>Whether or not this request is done via HTTPS</td>
515 <td><code>is_initial_req</code></td>
518 <td>Whether this request is the initial request or a sub-request</td>
521 <td><code>limit_req_body</code></td>
524 <td>The size limit of the request body for this request, or 0 if no limit.</td>
527 <td><code>log_id</code></td>
530 <td>The ID to identify request in access and error log.</td>
533 <td><code>method</code></td>
536 <td>The request method, f.x. <code>GET</code> or <code>POST</code>.</td>
539 <td><code>notes</code></td>
542 <td>A list of notes that can be passed on from one module to another.</td>
545 <td><code>options</code></td>
548 <td>The Options directive applied to the current request.</td>
551 <td><code>path_info</code></td>
554 <td>The PATH_INFO extracted from this request.</td>
557 <td><code>port</code></td>
560 <td>The server port used by the request.</td>
563 <td><code>protocol</code></td>
566 <td>The protocol used, f.x. <code>HTTP/1.1</code></td>
569 <td><code>proxyreq</code></td>
572 <td>Denotes whether this is a proxy request or not. This value is generally set in
573 the post_read_request/translate_name phase of a request.</td>
576 <td><code>range</code></td>
579 <td>The contents of the <code>Range:</code> header.</td>
582 <td><code>remaining</code></td>
585 <td>The number of bytes remaining to be read from the request body.</td>
588 <td><code>server_built</code></td>
591 <td>The time the server executable was built.</td>
594 <td><code>server_name</code></td>
597 <td>The server name for this request.</td>
600 <td><code>some_auth_required</code></td>
603 <td>Whether some authorization is/was required for this request.</td>
606 <td><code>subprocess_env</code></td>
609 <td>The environment variables set for this request.</td>
612 <td><code>started</code></td>
615 <td>The time the server was (re)started, in seconds since the epoch (Jan 1st, 1970)</td>
618 <td><code>status</code></td>
621 <td>The (current) HTTP return code for this request, f.x. <code>200</code> or <code>404</code>.</td>
624 <td><code>the_request</code></td>
627 <td>The request string as sent by the client, f.x. <code>GET /foo/bar HTTP/1.1</code>.</td>
630 <td><code>unparsed_uri</code></td>
633 <td>The unparsed URI of the request</td>
636 <td><code>uri</code></td>
639 <td>The URI after it has been parsed by httpd</td>
642 <td><code>user</code></td>
645 <td>If an authentication check has been made, this is set to the name of the authenticated user.</td>
648 <td><code>useragent_ip</code></td>
651 <td>The IP of the user agent making the request</td>
656 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
657 <div class="section">
658 <h2><a name="functions" id="functions">Built in functions</a></h2>
660 <p>The request_rec object has (at least) the following methods:</p>
662 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
663 r:flush() -- flushes the output buffer
667 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
668 r:addoutputfilter(name|function) -- add an output filter
672 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
673 r:sendfile(filename) -- sends an entire file to the client, using sendfile if supported by the current platform
677 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
678 r:parseargs() -- returns a Lua table containing the request's query string arguments
682 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
683 r:parsebody([sizeLimit]) -- parse the request body as a POST and return a lua table.
684 -- An optional number may be passed to specify the maximum number
685 -- of bytes to parse. Default is 8192 bytes.
689 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
690 r:puts("hello", " world", "!") -- print to response body
694 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
695 r:write("a single string") -- print to response body
699 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
700 r:escape_html("<html>test</html>") -- Escapes HTML code and returns the escaped result
704 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
705 r:base64_encode(string) -- Encodes a string using the Base64 encoding standard
709 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
710 r:base64_decode(string) -- Decodes a Base64-encoded string
714 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
715 r:md5(string) -- Calculates and returns the MD5 digest of a string (binary safe)
719 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
720 r:sha1(string) -- Calculates and returns the SHA1 digest of a string (binary safe)
724 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
725 r:escape(string) -- URL-Escapes a string
729 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
730 r:unescape(string) -- Unescapes an URL-escaped string
734 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
735 r:banner() -- Returns the current server banner
739 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
740 r:port() -- Returns the current server port used for the request
744 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
745 r:mpm_query(number) -- Queries the server for MPM information using ap_mpm_query
749 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
750 r:expr(string) -- Evaluates an <a href="../expr.html">expr</a> string.
754 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
755 r:scoreboard_process(a) -- Queries the server for information about the process at position <code>a</code>
759 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
760 r:scoreboard_worker(a, b) -- Queries for information about the worker thread, <code>b</code>, in process <code>a</code>
764 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
765 r:started() -- Returns the time of the last server (re)start
769 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
770 r:clock() -- Returns the current time with microsecond precision
774 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
775 r:requestbody(filename) -- Reads and returns the request body of a request.
776 -- If 'filename' is specified, it instead saves the
777 -- contents to that file.
781 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
782 r:add_input_filter(filter_name) -- Adds 'filter_name' as an input filter
786 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
787 r:module_info(module_name) -- Queries the server for information about a module
791 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
792 r:loaded_modules() -- Returns a list of modules loaded by httpd
796 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
797 r:runtime_dir_relative(filename) -- Compute the name of a run-time file (e.g., shared memory "file")
798 -- relative to the appropriate run-time directory.
802 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
803 r:server_info() -- Returns a table containing server information, such as
804 -- the name of the httpd executable file, mpm used etc.
808 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
809 r:set_document_root(file_path) -- Sets the document root for the request to file_path
813 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
814 r:add_version_component(component_string) -- Adds a component to the server banner.
818 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
819 r:set_context_info(prefix, docroot) -- Sets the context prefix and context document root for a request
823 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
824 r:os_escape_path(file_path) -- Converts an OS path to a URL in an OS dependant way
828 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
829 r:escape_logitem(string) -- Escapes a string for logging
833 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
834 r:strcmp_match(string, pattern) -- Checks if 'string' matches 'pattern' using strcmp_match (GLOBs).
835 -- fx. whether 'www.example.com' matches '*.example.com'
839 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
840 r:set_keepalive() -- Sets the keepalive status for a request. Returns true if possible, false otherwise.
844 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
845 r:make_etag() -- Constructs and returns the etag for the current request.
849 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
850 r:send_interim_response(clear) -- Sends an interim (1xx) response to the client.
851 -- if 'clear' is true, available headers will be sent and cleared.
855 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
856 r:custom_response(status_code, string) -- Construct and set a custom response for a given status code.
857 -- This works much like the ErrorDocument directive.
861 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
862 r:exists_config_define(string) -- Checks whether a configuration definition exists or not.
866 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
867 r:state_query(string) -- Queries the server for state information
871 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
872 r:stat(filename) -- Runs stat() on a file, and returns a table with file information
876 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
877 r:regex(string, pattern) -- Runs a regular expression match on a string, returning captures if matched.
881 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
882 r:sleep(number_of_seconds) -- Puts the script to sleep for a given number of seconds.
883 -- This can be a floating point number like 1.25 for extra accuracy.
887 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
888 r:dbacquire(dbType[, dbParams]) -- Acquires a connection to a database and returns a database class.
889 -- See '<a href="#databases">Database connectivity</a>' for details.
894 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
895 <div class="section">
896 <h2><a name="logging" id="logging">Logging Functions</a></h2>
898 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
899 -- examples of logging messages<br />
900 r:trace1("This is a trace log message") -- trace1 through trace8 can be used <br />
901 r:debug("This is a debug log message")<br />
902 r:info("This is an info log message")<br />
903 r:notice("This is a notice log message")<br />
904 r:warn("This is a warn log message")<br />
905 r:err("This is an err log message")<br />
906 r:alert("This is an alert log message")<br />
907 r:crit("This is a crit log message")<br />
908 r:emerg("This is an emerg log message")<br />
912 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
913 <div class="section">
914 <h2><a name="apache2" id="apache2">apache2 Package</a></h2>
915 <p>A package named <code>apache2</code> is available with (at least) the following contents.</p>
918 <dd>internal constant OK. Handlers should return this if they've
919 handled the request.</dd>
920 <dt>apache2.DECLINED</dt>
921 <dd>internal constant DECLINED. Handlers should return this if
922 they are not going to handle the request.</dd>
923 <dt>apache2.DONE</dt>
924 <dd>internal constant DONE.</dd>
925 <dt>apache2.version</dt>
926 <dd>Apache HTTP server version string</dd>
927 <dt>apache2.HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY</dt>
928 <dd>HTTP status code</dd>
929 <dt>apache2.PROXYREQ_NONE, apache2.PROXYREQ_PROXY, apache2.PROXYREQ_REVERSE, apache2.PROXYREQ_RESPONSE</dt>
930 <dd>internal constants used by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
931 <dt>apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED, apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED, apache2.AUTHZ_NEUTRAL, apache2.AUTHZ_GENERAL_ERROR, apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED_NO_USER</dt>
932 <dd>internal constants used by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code></dd>
935 <p>(Other HTTP status codes are not yet implemented.)</p>
936 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
937 <div class="section">
938 <h2><a name="modifying_buckets" id="modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua filters</a></h2>
941 Filter functions implemented via <code class="directive"><a href="#luainputfilter">LuaInputFilter</a></code>
942 or <code class="directive"><a href="#luaoutputfilter">LuaOutputFilter</a></code> are designed as
943 three-stage non-blocking functions using coroutines to suspend and resume a
944 function as buckets are sent down the filter chain. The core structure of
947 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
949 -- Our first yield is to signal that we are ready to receive buckets.
950 -- Before this yield, we can set up our environment, check for conditions,
951 -- and, if we deem it necessary, decline filtering a request alltogether:
952 if something_bad then
953 return -- This would skip this filter.
955 -- Regardless of whether we have data to prepend, a yield MUST be called here.
956 -- Note that only output filters can prepend data. Input filters must use the
957 -- final stage to append data to the content.
958 coroutine.yield([optional header to be prepended to the content])
960 -- After we have yielded, buckets will be sent to us, one by one, and we can
961 -- do whatever we want with them and then pass on the result.
962 -- Buckets are stored in the global variable 'bucket', so we create a loop
963 -- that checks if 'bucket' is not nil:
964 while bucket ~= nil do
965 local output = mangle(bucket) -- Do some stuff to the content
966 coroutine.yield(output) -- Return our new content to the filter chain
969 -- Once the buckets are gone, 'bucket' is set to nil, which will exit the
970 -- loop and land us here. Anything extra we want to append to the content
971 -- can be done by doing a final yield here. Both input and output filters
972 -- can append data to the content in this phase.
973 coroutine.yield([optional footer to be appended to the content])
977 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
978 <div class="section">
979 <h2><a name="databases" id="databases">Database connectivity</a></h2>
982 Mod_lua implements a simple database feature for querying and running commands
983 on the most popular database engines (mySQL, PostgreSQL, FreeTDS, ODBC, SQLite, Oracle)
986 <p>The example below shows how to acquire a database handle and return information from a table:</p>
987 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
989 -- Acquire a database handle
990 local database, err = r:dbacquire("mysql", "server=localhost,user=root,dbname=mydb")
992 -- Select some information from it
993 local results, err = database:select(r, "SELECT `name`, `age` FROM `people` WHERE 1")
995 local rows = results(0) -- fetch all rows synchronously
996 for k, row in pairs(rows) do
997 r:puts( string.format("Name: %s, Age: %s<br/>", row[1], row[2]) )
1000 r:puts("Database query error: " .. err)
1004 r:puts("Could not connect to the database: " .. err)
1010 To utilize <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code>, specify <code>mod_dbd</code>
1011 as the database type, or leave the field blank:
1013 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1014 local database = r:dbacquire("mod_dbd")
1017 <h3><a name="database_object" id="database_object">Database object and contained functions</a></h3>
1019 <p>The database object returned by <code>dbacquire</code> has the following methods:</p>
1020 <p><strong>Normal select and query from a database:</strong></p>
1021 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1022 -- Run a statement and return the number of rows affected:
1023 local affected, errmsg = database:query(r, "DELETE FROM `tbl` WHERE 1")
1025 -- Run a statement and return a result set that can be used synchronously or async:
1026 local result, errmsg = database:select(r, "SELECT * FROM `people` WHERE 1")
1029 <p><strong>Using prepared statements (recommended):</strong></p>
1030 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1031 -- Create and run a prepared statement:
1032 local statement, errmsg = database:prepare(r, "DELETE FROM `tbl` WHERE `age` > %u")
1034 local result, errmsg = statement:query(20) -- run the statement with age >20
1037 -- Fetch a prepared statement from a DBDPrepareSQL directive:
1038 local statement, errmsg = database:prepared(r, "someTag")
1040 local result, errmsg = statement:select("John Doe", 123) -- inject the values "John Doe" and 123 into the statement
1045 <p><strong>Escaping values, closing databases etc:</strong></p>
1046 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1047 -- Escape a value for use in a statement:
1048 local escaped = database:escape(r, [["'|blabla]])
1050 -- Close a database connection and free up handles:
1053 -- Check whether a database connection is up and running:
1054 local connected = database:active()
1058 <h3><a name="result_sets" id="result_sets">Working with result sets</a></h3>
1060 <p>The result set returned by <code>db:select</code> or by the prepared statement functions
1061 created through <code>db:prepare</code> can be used to
1062 fetch rows synchronously or asynchronously, depending on the row number specified:<br />
1063 <code>result(0)</code> fetches all rows in a synchronous manner, returning a table of rows.<br />
1064 <code>result(-1)</code> fetches the next available row in the set, asynchronously.<br />
1065 <code>result(N)</code> fetches row number <code>N</code>, asynchronously:
1067 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1068 -- fetch a result set using a regular query:
1069 local result, err = db:select(r, "SELECT * FROM `tbl` WHERE 1")
1071 local rows = result(0) -- Fetch ALL rows synchronously
1072 local row = result(-1) -- Fetch the next available row, asynchronously
1073 local row = result(1234) -- Fetch row number 1234, asynchronously
1076 <p>One can construct a function that returns an iterative function to iterate over all rows
1077 in a synchronous or asynchronous way, depending on the async argument:
1079 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1080 function rows(resultset, async)
1082 local function getnext()
1084 local row = resultset(-1)
1085 return row and a or nil, row
1088 return pairs(resultset(0))
1090 return getnext, self
1094 local statement, err = db:prepare(r, "SELECT * FROM `tbl` WHERE `age` > %u")
1096 -- fetch rows asynchronously:
1097 local result, err = statement:select(20)
1099 for index, row in rows(result, true) do
1104 -- fetch rows synchronously:
1105 local result, err = statement:select(20)
1107 for index, row in rows(result, false) do
1115 <h3><a name="closing_databases" id="closing_databases">Closing a database connection</a></h3>
1118 <p>Database handles should be closed using <code>database:close()</code> when they are no longer
1119 needed. If you do not close them manually, they will eventually be garbage collected and
1120 closed by mod_lua, but you may end up having too many unused connections to the database
1121 if you leave the closing up to mod_lua. Essentially, the following two measures are
1124 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1125 -- Method 1: Manually close a handle
1126 local database = r:dbacquire("mod_dbd")
1127 database:close() -- All done
1129 -- Method 2: Letting the garbage collector close it
1130 local database = r:dbacquire("mod_dbd")
1131 database = nil -- throw away the reference
1132 collectgarbage() -- close the handle via GC
1136 <h3><a name="database_caveat" id="database_caveat">Precautions when working with databases</a></h3>
1138 <p>Although the standard <code>query</code> and <code>run</code> functions are freely
1139 available, it is recommended that you use prepared statements whenever possible, to
1140 both optimize performance (if your db handle lives on for a long time) and to minimize
1141 the risk of SQL injection attacks. <code>run</code> and <code>query</code> should only
1142 be used when there are no variables inserted into a statement (a static statement).
1143 When using dynamic statements, use <code>db:prepare</code> or <code>db:prepared</code>.
1148 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1149 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaAuthzProvider" id="LuaAuthzProvider">LuaAuthzProvider</a> <a name="luaauthzprovider" id="luaauthzprovider">Directive</a></h2>
1150 <table class="directive">
1151 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Plug an authorization provider function into <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code>
1153 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaAuthzProvider provider_name /path/to/lua/script.lua function_name</code></td></tr>
1154 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
1155 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1156 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1157 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.4.3 and later</td></tr>
1159 <p>After a lua function has been registered as authorization provider, it can be used
1160 with the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive:</p>
1162 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1163 LuaRoot /usr/local/apache2/lua
1164 LuaAuthzProvider foo authz.lua authz_check_foo
1170 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1172 function authz_check_foo(r, who)
1173 if r.user ~= who then return apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED
1174 return apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED
1182 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1183 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaCodeCache" id="LuaCodeCache">LuaCodeCache</a> <a name="luacodecache" id="luacodecache">Directive</a></h2>
1184 <table class="directive">
1185 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Configure the compiled code cache.</td></tr>
1186 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaCodeCache stat|forever|never</code></td></tr>
1187 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LuaCodeCache stat</code></td></tr>
1188 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1189 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1190 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1191 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1193 Specify the behavior of the in-memory code cache. The default
1194 is stat, which stats the top level script (not any included
1195 ones) each time that file is needed, and reloads it if the
1196 modified time indicates it is newer than the one it has
1197 already loaded. The other values cause it to keep the file
1198 cached forever (don't stat and replace) or to never cache the
1201 <p>In general stat or forever is good for production, and stat or never
1202 for development.</p>
1204 <div class="example"><h3>Examples:</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1206 LuaCodeCache forever
1213 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1214 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookAccessChecker" id="LuaHookAccessChecker">LuaHookAccessChecker</a> <a name="luahookaccesschecker" id="luahookaccesschecker">Directive</a></h2>
1215 <table class="directive">
1216 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the access_checker phase of request processing</td></tr>
1217 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookAccessChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1218 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1219 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1220 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1221 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1222 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1224 <p>Add your hook to the access_checker phase. An access checker
1225 hook function usually returns OK, DECLINED, or HTTP_FORBIDDEN.</p>
1226 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1227 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1230 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1231 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookAuthChecker" id="LuaHookAuthChecker">LuaHookAuthChecker</a> <a name="luahookauthchecker" id="luahookauthchecker">Directive</a></h2>
1232 <table class="directive">
1233 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the auth_checker phase of request processing</td></tr>
1234 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookAuthChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1235 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1236 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1237 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1238 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1239 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1241 <p>Invoke a lua function in the auth_checker phase of processing
1242 a request. This can be used to implement arbitrary authentication
1243 and authorization checking. A very simple example:
1245 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1248 -- fake authcheck hook
1249 -- If request has no auth info, set the response header and
1250 -- return a 401 to ask the browser for basic auth info.
1251 -- If request has auth info, don't actually look at it, just
1252 -- pretend we got userid 'foo' and validated it.
1253 -- Then check if the userid is 'foo' and accept the request.
1254 function authcheck_hook(r)
1256 -- look for auth info
1257 auth = r.headers_in['Authorization']
1263 if r.user == nil then
1264 r:debug("authcheck: user is nil, returning 401")
1265 r.err_headers_out['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm="WallyWorld"'
1267 elseif r.user == "foo" then
1268 r:debug('user foo: OK')
1270 r:debug("authcheck: user='" .. r.user .. "'")
1271 r.err_headers_out['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm="WallyWorld"'
1278 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1279 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1282 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1283 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookCheckUserID" id="LuaHookCheckUserID">LuaHookCheckUserID</a> <a name="luahookcheckuserid" id="luahookcheckuserid">Directive</a></h2>
1284 <table class="directive">
1285 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the check_user_id phase of request processing</td></tr>
1286 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookCheckUserID /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1287 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1288 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1289 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1290 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1291 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1293 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1294 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1297 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1298 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookFixups" id="LuaHookFixups">LuaHookFixups</a> <a name="luahookfixups" id="luahookfixups">Directive</a></h2>
1299 <table class="directive">
1300 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the fixups phase of a request
1301 processing</td></tr>
1302 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookFixups /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1303 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1304 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1305 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1306 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1309 Just like LuaHookTranslateName, but executed at the fixups phase
1313 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1314 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookInsertFilter" id="LuaHookInsertFilter">LuaHookInsertFilter</a> <a name="luahookinsertfilter" id="luahookinsertfilter">Directive</a></h2>
1315 <table class="directive">
1316 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the insert_filter phase of request processing</td></tr>
1317 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookInsertFilter /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1318 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1319 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1320 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1321 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1322 </table><p>Not Yet Implemented</p>
1324 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1325 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookMapToStorage" id="LuaHookMapToStorage">LuaHookMapToStorage</a> <a name="luahookmaptostorage" id="luahookmaptostorage">Directive</a></h2>
1326 <table class="directive">
1327 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the map_to_storage phase of request processing</td></tr>
1328 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookMapToStorage /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1329 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1330 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1331 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1332 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1334 <p>Like <code class="directive">LuaHookTranslateName</code> but executed at the
1335 map-to-storage phase of a request. Modules like mod_cache run at this phase,
1336 which makes for an interesting example on what to do here:</p>
1337 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1338 LuaHookMapToStorage /path/to/lua/script.lua check_cache
1341 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1345 function read_file(filename)
1346 local input = io.open(filename, "r")
1348 local data = input:read("*a")
1349 cached_files[filename] = data
1350 file = cached_files[filename]
1353 return cached_files[filename]
1356 function check_cache(r)
1357 if r.filename:match("%.png$") then -- Only match PNG files
1358 local file = cached_files[r.filename] -- Check cache entries
1360 file = read_file(r.filename) -- Read file into cache
1362 if file then -- If file exists, write it out
1365 r:info(("Sent %s to client from cache"):format(r.filename))
1366 return apache2.DONE -- skip default handler for PNG files
1369 return apache2.DECLINED -- If we had nothing to do, let others serve this.
1376 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1377 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookTranslateName" id="LuaHookTranslateName">LuaHookTranslateName</a> <a name="luahooktranslatename" id="luahooktranslatename">Directive</a></h2>
1378 <table class="directive">
1379 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the translate name phase of request processing</td></tr>
1380 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookTranslateName /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1381 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
1382 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1383 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1384 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1385 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1387 Add a hook (at APR_HOOK_MIDDLE) to the translate name phase of
1388 request processing. The hook function receives a single
1389 argument, the request_rec, and should return a status code,
1390 which is either an HTTP error code, or the constants defined
1391 in the apache2 module: apache2.OK, apache2.DECLINED, or
1394 <p>For those new to hooks, basically each hook will be invoked
1395 until one of them returns apache2.OK. If your hook doesn't
1396 want to do the translation it should just return
1397 apache2.DECLINED. If the request should stop processing, then
1398 return apache2.DONE.</p>
1402 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1404 LuaHookTranslateName /scripts/conf/hooks.lua silly_mapper
1408 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1409 -- /scripts/conf/hooks.lua --
1411 function silly_mapper(r)
1412 if r.uri == "/" then
1413 r.filename = "/var/www/home.lua"
1416 return apache2.DECLINED
1422 <div class="note"><h3>Context</h3><p>This directive is not valid in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, or htaccess
1425 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1426 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1430 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1431 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookTypeChecker" id="LuaHookTypeChecker">LuaHookTypeChecker</a> <a name="luahooktypechecker" id="luahooktypechecker">Directive</a></h2>
1432 <table class="directive">
1433 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the type_checker phase of request processing</td></tr>
1434 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookTypeChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1435 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1436 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1437 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1438 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1440 This directive provides a hook for the type_checker phase of the request processing.
1441 This phase is where requests are assigned a content type and a handler, and thus can
1442 be used to modify the type and handler based on input:
1444 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1445 LuaHookTypeChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua type_checker
1448 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1449 function type_checker(r)
1450 if r.uri:match("%.to_gif$") then -- match foo.png.to_gif
1451 r.content_type = "image/gif" -- assign it the image/gif type
1452 r.handler = "gifWizard" -- tell the gifWizard module to handle this
1453 r.filename = r.uri:gsub("%.to_gif$", "") -- fix the filename requested
1457 return apache2.DECLINED
1463 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1464 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaInherit" id="LuaInherit">LuaInherit</a> <a name="luainherit" id="luainherit">Directive</a></h2>
1465 <table class="directive">
1466 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Controls how parent configuration sections are merged into children</td></tr>
1467 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaInherit none|parent-first|parent-last</code></td></tr>
1468 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LuaInherit parent-first</code></td></tr>
1469 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1470 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1471 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1472 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1473 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.4.0 and later</td></tr>
1474 </table><p>By default, if LuaHook* directives are used in overlapping
1475 Directory or Location configuration sections, the scripts defined in the
1476 more specific section are run <em>after</em> those defined in the more
1477 generic section (LuaInherit parent-first). You can reverse this order, or
1478 make the parent context not apply at all.</p>
1480 <p> In previous 2.3.x releases, the default was effectively to ignore LuaHook*
1481 directives from parent configuration sections.</p>
1483 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1484 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaInputFilter" id="LuaInputFilter">LuaInputFilter</a> <a name="luainputfilter" id="luainputfilter">Directive</a></h2>
1485 <table class="directive">
1486 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a Lua function for content input filtering</td></tr>
1487 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaInputFilter filter_name /path/to/lua/script.lua function_name</code></td></tr>
1488 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
1489 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1490 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1491 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.5.0 and later</td></tr>
1493 <p>Provides a means of adding a Lua function as an input filter.
1494 As with output filters, input filters work as coroutines,
1495 first yielding before buffers are sent, then yielding whenever
1496 a bucket needs to be passed down the chain, and finally (optionally)
1497 yielding anything that needs to be appended to the input data. The
1498 global variable <code>bucket</code> holds the buckets as they are passed
1499 onto the Lua script:
1502 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1503 LuaInputFilter myInputFilter /www/filter.lua input_filter
1504 <FilesMatch "\.lua>
1505 SetInputFilter myInputFilter
1509 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1511 Example input filter that converts all POST data to uppercase.
1513 function input_filter(r)
1514 print("luaInputFilter called") -- debug print
1515 coroutine.yield() -- Yield and wait for buckets
1516 while bucket do -- For each bucket, do...
1517 local output = string.upper(bucket) -- Convert all POST data to uppercase
1518 coroutine.yield(output) -- Send converted data down the chain
1520 -- No more buckets available.
1521 coroutine.yield("&filterSignature=1234") -- Append signature at the end
1526 The input filter supports denying/skipping a filter if it is deemed unwanted:
1528 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1529 function input_filter(r)
1531 return -- Simply deny filtering, passing on the original content instead
1533 coroutine.yield() -- wait for buckets
1534 ... -- insert filter stuff here
1539 See "<a href="#modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua
1540 filters</a>" for more information.
1544 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1545 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaMapHandler" id="LuaMapHandler">LuaMapHandler</a> <a name="luamaphandler" id="luamaphandler">Directive</a></h2>
1546 <table class="directive">
1547 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Map a path to a lua handler</td></tr>
1548 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaMapHandler uri-pattern /path/to/lua/script.lua [function-name]</code></td></tr>
1549 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1550 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1551 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1552 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1554 <p>This directive matches a uri pattern to invoke a specific
1555 handler function in a specific file. It uses PCRE regular
1556 expressions to match the uri, and supports interpolating
1557 match groups into both the file path and the function name.
1558 Be careful writing your regular expressions to avoid security
1560 <div class="example"><h3>Examples:</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1561 LuaMapHandler /(\w+)/(\w+) /scripts/$1.lua handle_$2
1564 <p>This would match uri's such as /photos/show?id=9
1565 to the file /scripts/photos.lua and invoke the
1566 handler function handle_show on the lua vm after
1567 loading that file.</p>
1569 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1570 LuaMapHandler /bingo /scripts/wombat.lua
1573 <p>This would invoke the "handle" function, which
1574 is the default if no specific function name is
1578 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1579 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaOutputFilter" id="LuaOutputFilter">LuaOutputFilter</a> <a name="luaoutputfilter" id="luaoutputfilter">Directive</a></h2>
1580 <table class="directive">
1581 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a Lua function for content output filtering</td></tr>
1582 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaOutputFilter filter_name /path/to/lua/script.lua function_name</code></td></tr>
1583 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
1584 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1585 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1586 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.5.0 and later</td></tr>
1588 <p>Provides a means of adding a Lua function as an output filter.
1589 As with input filters, output filters work as coroutines,
1590 first yielding before buffers are sent, then yielding whenever
1591 a bucket needs to be passed down the chain, and finally (optionally)
1592 yielding anything that needs to be appended to the input data. The
1593 global variable <code>bucket</code> holds the buckets as they are passed
1594 onto the Lua script:
1597 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1598 LuaOutputFilter myOutputFilter /www/filter.lua output_filter
1599 <FilesMatch "\.lua>
1600 SetOutputFilter myOutputFilter
1604 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1606 Example output filter that escapes all HTML entities in the output
1608 function output_filter(r)
1609 coroutine.yield("(Handled by myOutputFilter)<br/>\n") -- Prepend some data to the output,
1610 -- yield and wait for buckets.
1611 while bucket do -- For each bucket, do...
1612 local output = r:escape_html(bucket) -- Escape all output
1613 coroutine.yield(output) -- Send converted data down the chain
1615 -- No more buckets available.
1620 As with the input filter, the output filter supports denying/skipping a filter
1621 if it is deemed unwanted:
1623 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1624 function output_filter(r)
1625 if not r.content_type:match("text/html") then
1626 return -- Simply deny filtering, passing on the original content instead
1628 coroutine.yield() -- wait for buckets
1629 ... -- insert filter stuff here
1634 See "<a href="#modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua filters</a>" for more
1639 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1640 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaPackageCPath" id="LuaPackageCPath">LuaPackageCPath</a> <a name="luapackagecpath" id="luapackagecpath">Directive</a></h2>
1641 <table class="directive">
1642 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Add a directory to lua's package.cpath</td></tr>
1643 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaPackageCPath /path/to/include/?.soa</code></td></tr>
1644 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1645 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1646 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1647 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1649 <p>Add a path to lua's shared library search path. Follows the same
1650 conventions as lua. This just munges the package.cpath in the
1655 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1656 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaPackagePath" id="LuaPackagePath">LuaPackagePath</a> <a name="luapackagepath" id="luapackagepath">Directive</a></h2>
1657 <table class="directive">
1658 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Add a directory to lua's package.path</td></tr>
1659 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaPackagePath /path/to/include/?.lua</code></td></tr>
1660 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1661 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1662 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1663 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1664 </table><p>Add a path to lua's module search path. Follows the same
1665 conventions as lua. This just munges the package.path in the
1668 <div class="example"><h3>Examples:</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1669 LuaPackagePath /scripts/lib/?.lua
1670 LuaPackagePath /scripts/lib/?/init.lua
1675 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1676 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaQuickHandler" id="LuaQuickHandler">LuaQuickHandler</a> <a name="luaquickhandler" id="luaquickhandler">Directive</a></h2>
1677 <table class="directive">
1678 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the quick handler of request processing</td></tr>
1679 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaQuickHandler /path/to/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1680 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
1681 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1682 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1683 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1686 This phase is run immediately after the request has been mapped to a virtal host,
1687 and can be used to either do some request processing before the other phases kick
1688 in, or to serve a request without the need to translate, map to storage et cetera.
1689 As this phase is run before anything else, directives such as <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> are void in this phase, just as
1690 URIs have not been properly parsed yet.
1692 <div class="note"><h3>Context</h3><p>This directive is not valid in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, or htaccess
1696 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1697 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaRoot" id="LuaRoot">LuaRoot</a> <a name="luaroot" id="luaroot">Directive</a></h2>
1698 <table class="directive">
1699 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specify the base path for resolving relative paths for mod_lua directives</td></tr>
1700 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaRoot /path/to/a/directory</code></td></tr>
1701 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1702 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1703 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1704 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1706 <p>Specify the base path which will be used to evaluate all
1707 relative paths within mod_lua. If not specified they
1708 will be resolved relative to the current working directory,
1709 which may not always work well for a server.</p>
1712 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1713 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaScope" id="LuaScope">LuaScope</a> <a name="luascope" id="luascope">Directive</a></h2>
1714 <table class="directive">
1715 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>One of once, request, conn, thread -- default is once</td></tr>
1716 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaScope once|request|conn|thread|server [min] [max]</code></td></tr>
1717 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LuaScope once</code></td></tr>
1718 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1719 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1720 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1721 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1723 <p>Specify the lifecycle scope of the Lua interpreter which will
1724 be used by handlers in this "Directory." The default is "once"</p>
1727 <dt>once:</dt> <dd>use the interpreter once and throw it away.</dd>
1729 <dt>request:</dt> <dd>use the interpreter to handle anything based on
1730 the same file within this request, which is also
1731 request scoped.</dd>
1733 <dt>conn:</dt> <dd>Same as request but attached to the connection_rec</dd>
1735 <dt>thread:</dt> <dd>Use the interpreter for the lifetime of the thread
1736 handling the request (only available with threaded MPMs).</dd>
1738 <dt>server:</dt> <dd>This one is different than others because the
1739 server scope is quite long lived, and multiple threads
1740 will have the same server_rec. To accommodate this,
1741 server scoped Lua states are stored in an apr
1742 resource list. The <code>min</code> and <code>max</code> arguments
1743 specify the minimum and maximum number of Lua states to keep in the
1747 Generally speaking, the <code>thread</code> and <code>server</code> scopes
1748 execute roughly 2-3 times faster than the rest, because they don't have to
1749 spawn new Lua states on every request (especially with the event MPM, as
1750 even keepalive requests will use a new thread for each request). If you are
1751 satisfied that your scripts will not have problems reusing a state, then
1752 the <code>thread</code> or <code>server</code> scopes should be used for
1753 maximum performance. While the <code>thread</code> scope will provide the
1754 fastest responses, the <code>server</code> scope will use less memory, as
1755 states are pooled, allowing f.x. 1000 threads to share only 100 Lua states,
1756 thus using only 10% of the memory required by the <code>thread</code> scope.
1761 <div class="bottomlang">
1762 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_lua.html" title="English"> en </a> |
1763 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_lua.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
1764 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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