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19 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.5</p>
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23 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.5</a> > <a href="./">Modules</a></div>
24 <div id="page-content">
25 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_lua</h1>
27 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_lua.html" title="English"> en </a> |
28 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_lua.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
30 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provides Lua hooks into various portions of the httpd
31 request processing</td></tr>
32 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
33 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>lua_module</td></tr>
34 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_lua.c</td></tr>
35 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.3 and later</td></tr></table>
38 <p>This module allows the server to be extended with scripts written in the
39 Lua programming language. The extension points (hooks) available with
40 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_lua.html">mod_lua</a></code> include many of the hooks available to
41 natively compiled Apache HTTP Server modules, such as mapping requests to
42 files, generating dynamic responses, access control, authentication, and
45 <p>More information on the Lua programming language can be found at the
46 <a href="http://www.lua.org/">the Lua website</a>.</p>
48 <div class="note"><code>mod_lua</code> is still in experimental state.
49 Until it is declared stable, usage and behavior may change
50 at any time, even between stable releases of the 2.4.x series.
51 Be sure to check the CHANGES file before upgrading.</div>
53 <div class="warning"><h3>Warning</h3>
54 <p>This module holds a great deal of power over httpd, which is both a
55 strength and a potential security risk. It is <strong>not</strong> recommended
56 that you use this module on a server that is shared with users you do not
57 trust, as it can be abused to change the internal workings of httpd.</p>
61 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
63 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaauthzprovider">LuaAuthzProvider</a></li>
64 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luacodecache">LuaCodeCache</a></li>
65 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookaccesschecker">LuaHookAccessChecker</a></li>
66 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookauthchecker">LuaHookAuthChecker</a></li>
67 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookcheckuserid">LuaHookCheckUserID</a></li>
68 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookfixups">LuaHookFixups</a></li>
69 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookinsertfilter">LuaHookInsertFilter</a></li>
70 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahookmaptostorage">LuaHookMapToStorage</a></li>
71 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahooktranslatename">LuaHookTranslateName</a></li>
72 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luahooktypechecker">LuaHookTypeChecker</a></li>
73 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luainherit">LuaInherit</a></li>
74 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luainputfilter">LuaInputFilter</a></li>
75 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luamaphandler">LuaMapHandler</a></li>
76 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaoutputfilter">LuaOutputFilter</a></li>
77 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luapackagecpath">LuaPackageCPath</a></li>
78 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luapackagepath">LuaPackagePath</a></li>
79 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaquickhandler">LuaQuickHandler</a></li>
80 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luaroot">LuaRoot</a></li>
81 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#luascope">LuaScope</a></li>
85 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#basicconf">Basic Configuration</a></li>
86 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#writinghandlers">Writing Handlers</a></li>
87 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#writingauthzproviders">Writing Authorization Providers</a></li>
88 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#writinghooks">Writing Hooks</a></li>
89 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#datastructures">Data Structures</a></li>
90 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#logging">Logging Functions</a></li>
91 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#apache2">apache2 Package</a></li>
92 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua filters</a></li>
93 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#databases">Database connectivity</a></li>
94 </ul><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="#comments_section">Comments</a></li></ul></div>
95 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
97 <h2><a name="basicconf" id="basicconf">Basic Configuration</a></h2>
99 <p>The basic module loading directive is</p>
101 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
102 LoadModule lua_module modules/mod_lua.so
107 <code>mod_lua</code> provides a handler named <code>lua-script</code>,
108 which can be used with an <code>AddHandler</code> directive:</p>
110 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
111 AddHandler lua-script .lua
116 This will cause <code>mod_lua</code> to handle requests for files
117 ending in <code>.lua</code> by invoking that file's
118 <code>handle</code> function.
121 <p>For more flexibility, see <code class="directive">LuaMapHandler</code>.
124 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
125 <div class="section">
126 <h2><a name="writinghandlers" id="writinghandlers">Writing Handlers</a></h2>
127 <p> In the Apache HTTP Server API, the handler is a specific kind of hook
128 responsible for generating the response. Examples of modules that include a
129 handler are <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code>, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_cgi.html">mod_cgi</a></code>,
130 and <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_status.html">mod_status</a></code>.</p>
132 <p><code>mod_lua</code> always looks to invoke a Lua function for the handler, rather than
133 just evaluating a script body CGI style. A handler function looks
134 something like this:</p>
137 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
138 <strong>example.lua</strong><br />
144 This is the default method name for Lua handlers, see the optional
145 function-name in the LuaMapHandler directive to choose a different
149 r.content_type = "text/plain"
150 r:puts("Hello Lua World!\n")
152 if r.method == 'GET' then
153 for k, v in pairs( r:parseargs() ) do
154 r:puts( string.format("%s: %s\n", k, v) )
156 elseif r.method == 'POST' then
157 for k, v in pairs( r:parsebody() ) do
158 r:puts( string.format("%s: %s\n", k, v) )
161 r:puts("Unsupported HTTP method " .. r.method)
168 This handler function just prints out the uri or form encoded
169 arguments to a plaintext page.
173 This means (and in fact encourages) that you can have multiple
174 handlers (or hooks, or filters) in the same script.
177 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
178 <div class="section">
179 <h2><a name="writingauthzproviders" id="writingauthzproviders">Writing Authorization Providers</a></h2>
182 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> provides a high-level interface to
183 authorization that is much easier to use than using into the relevant
184 hooks directly. The first argument to the
185 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive gives
186 the name of the responsible authorization provider. For any
187 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> line,
188 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code> will call the authorization provider
189 of the given name, passing the rest of the line as parameters. The
190 provider will then check authorization and pass the result as return
193 <p>The authz provider is normally called before authentication. If it needs to
194 know the authenticated user name (or if the user will be authenticated at
195 all), the provider must return <code>apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED_NO_USER</code>.
196 This will cause authentication to proceed and the authz provider to be
197 called a second time.</p>
199 <p>The following authz provider function takes two arguments, one ip
200 address and one user name. It will allow access from the given ip address
201 without authentication, or if the authenticated user matches the second
204 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
205 <strong>authz_provider.lua</strong><br />
209 function authz_check_foo(r, ip, user)
210 if r.useragent_ip == ip then
211 return apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED
212 elseif r.user == nil then
213 return apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED_NO_USER
214 elseif r.user == user then
215 return apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED
217 return apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED
223 <p>The following configuration registers this function as provider
224 <code>foo</code> and configures it for URL <code>/</code>:</p>
225 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
226 LuaAuthzProvider foo authz_provider.lua authz_check_foo
228 Require foo 10.1.2.3 john_doe
233 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
234 <div class="section">
235 <h2><a name="writinghooks" id="writinghooks">Writing Hooks</a></h2>
237 <p>Hook functions are how modules (and Lua scripts) participate in the
238 processing of requests. Each type of hook exposed by the server exists for
239 a specific purpose, such as mapping requests to the filesystem,
240 performing access control, or setting mimetypes:</p>
242 <table class="bordered"><tr class="header">
244 <th>mod_lua directive</th>
248 <td>Quick handler</td>
249 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luaquickhandler">LuaQuickHandler</a></code></td>
250 <td>This is the first hook that will be called after a request has
251 been mapped to a host or virtual host</td>
254 <td>Translate name</td>
255 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahooktranslatename">LuaHookTranslateName</a></code></td>
256 <td>This phase translates the requested URI into a filename on the
257 system. Modules such as <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_alias.html">mod_alias</a></code> and
258 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> operate in this phase.</td>
261 <td>Map to storage</td>
262 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookmaptostorage">LuaHookMapToStorage</a></code></td>
263 <td>This phase maps files to their physical, cached or external/proxied storage.
264 It can be used by proxy or caching modules</td>
267 <td>Check Access</td>
268 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookaccesschecker">LuaHookAccessChecker</a></code></td>
269 <td>This phase checks whether a client has access to a resource. This
270 phase is run before the user is authenticated, so beware.
274 <td>Check User ID</td>
275 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookcheckuserid">LuaHookCheckUserID</a></code></td>
276 <td>This phase it used to check the negotiated user ID</td>
279 <td>Check Authorization</td>
280 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookauthchecker">LuaHookAuthChecker</a></code> or
281 <code class="directive"><a href="#luaauthzprovider">LuaAuthzProvider</a></code></td>
282 <td>This phase authorizes a user based on the negotiated credentials, such as
283 user ID, client certificate etc.
288 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahooktypechecker">LuaHookTypeChecker</a></code></td>
289 <td>This phase checks the requested file and assigns a content type and
294 <td><code class="directive"><a href="#luahookfixups">LuaHookFixups</a></code></td>
295 <td>This is the final "fix anything" phase before the content handlers
296 are run. Any last-minute changes to the request should be made here.</td>
299 <td>Content handler</td>
300 <td>fx. <code>.lua</code> files or through <code class="directive"><a href="#luamaphandler">LuaMapHandler</a></code></td>
301 <td>This is where the content is handled. Files are read, parsed, some are run,
302 and the result is sent to the client</td>
307 <td>Once a request has been handled, it enters several logging phases,
308 which logs the request in either the error or access log</td>
312 <p>Hook functions are passed the request object as their only argument
313 (except for LuaAuthzProvider, which also gets passed the arguments from
314 the Require directive).
315 They can return any value, depending on the hook, but most commonly
316 they'll return OK, DONE, or DECLINED, which you can write in lua as
317 <code>apache2.OK</code>, <code>apache2.DONE</code>, or
318 <code>apache2.DECLINED</code>, or else an HTTP status code.</p>
321 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
322 <strong>translate_name.lua</strong><br />
323 -- example hook that rewrites the URI to a filesystem path.
327 function translate_name(r)
328 if r.uri == "/translate-name" then
329 r.filename = r.document_root .. "/find_me.txt"
332 -- we don't care about this URL, give another module a chance
333 return apache2.DECLINED
339 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
340 <strong>translate_name2.lua</strong><br />
341 --[[ example hook that rewrites one URI to another URI. It returns a
342 apache2.DECLINED to give other URL mappers a chance to work on the
343 substitution, including the core translate_name hook which maps based
346 Note: Use the early/late flags in the directive to make it run before
352 function translate_name(r)
353 if r.uri == "/translate-name" then
354 r.uri = "/find_me.txt"
355 return apache2.DECLINED
357 return apache2.DECLINED
361 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
362 <div class="section">
363 <h2><a name="datastructures" id="datastructures">Data Structures</a></h2>
368 <p>The request_rec is mapped in as a userdata. It has a metatable
369 which lets you do useful things with it. For the most part it
370 has the same fields as the request_rec struct, many of which are writeable as
371 well as readable. (The table fields' content can be changed, but the
372 fields themselves cannot be set to different tables.)</p>
374 <table class="bordered"><tr class="header">
375 <th><strong>Name</strong></th>
376 <th><strong>Lua type</strong></th>
377 <th><strong>Writable</strong></th>
378 <th><strong>Description</strong></th>
381 <td><code>allowoverrides</code></td>
384 <td>The AllowOverride options applied to the current request.</td>
387 <td><code>ap_auth_type</code></td>
390 <td>If an authentication check was made, this is set to the type
391 of authentication (f.x. <code>basic</code>)</td>
394 <td><code>args</code></td>
397 <td>The query string arguments extracted from the request
398 (f.x. <code>foo=bar&name=johnsmith</code>)</td>
401 <td><code>assbackwards</code></td>
404 <td>Set to true if this is an HTTP/0.9 style request
405 (e.g. <code>GET /foo</code> (with no headers) )</td>
408 <td><code>auth_name</code></td>
411 <td>The realm name used for authorization (if applicable).</td>
414 <td><code>banner</code></td>
417 <td>The server banner, f.x. <code>Apache HTTP Server/2.4.3 openssl/0.9.8c</code></td>
420 <td><code>basic_auth_pw</code></td>
423 <td>The basic auth password sent with this request, if any</td>
426 <td><code>canonical_filename</code></td>
429 <td>The canonical filename of the request</td>
432 <td><code>content_encoding</code></td>
435 <td>The content encoding of the current request</td>
438 <td><code>content_type</code></td>
441 <td>The content type of the current request, as determined in the
442 type_check phase (f.x. <code>image/gif</code> or <code>text/html</code>)</td>
445 <td><code>context_prefix</code></td>
451 <td><code>context_document_root</code></td>
457 <td><code>document_root</code></td>
460 <td>The document root of the host</td>
463 <td><code>err_headers_out</code></td>
466 <td>MIME header environment for the response, printed even on errors and
467 persist across internal redirects</td>
470 <td><code>filename</code></td>
473 <td>The file name that the request maps to, f.x. /www/example.com/foo.txt. This can be
474 changed in the translate-name or map-to-storage phases of a request to allow the
475 default handler (or script handlers) to serve a different file than what was requested.</td>
478 <td><code>handler</code></td>
481 <td>The name of the <a href="../handler.html">handler</a> that should serve this request, f.x.
482 <code>lua-script</code> if it is to be served by mod_lua. This is typically set by the
483 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html#addhandler">AddHandler</a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#sethandler">SetHandler</a></code>
484 directives, but could also be set via mod_lua to allow another handler to serve up a specific request
485 that would otherwise not be served by it.
489 <td><code>headers_in</code></td>
492 <td>MIME header environment from the request. This contains headers such as <code>Host,
493 User-Agent, Referer</code> and so on.</td>
496 <td><code>headers_out</code></td>
499 <td>MIME header environment for the response.</td>
502 <td><code>hostname</code></td>
505 <td>The host name, as set by the <code>Host:</code> header or by a full URI.</td>
508 <td><code>is_https</code></td>
511 <td>Whether or not this request is done via HTTPS</td>
514 <td><code>is_initial_req</code></td>
517 <td>Whether this request is the initial request or a sub-request</td>
520 <td><code>limit_req_body</code></td>
523 <td>The size limit of the request body for this request, or 0 if no limit.</td>
526 <td><code>log_id</code></td>
529 <td>The ID to identify request in access and error log.</td>
532 <td><code>method</code></td>
535 <td>The request method, f.x. <code>GET</code> or <code>POST</code>.</td>
538 <td><code>notes</code></td>
541 <td>A list of notes that can be passed on from one module to another.</td>
544 <td><code>options</code></td>
547 <td>The Options directive applied to the current request.</td>
550 <td><code>path_info</code></td>
553 <td>The PATH_INFO extracted from this request.</td>
556 <td><code>port</code></td>
559 <td>The server port used by the request.</td>
562 <td><code>protocol</code></td>
565 <td>The protocol used, f.x. <code>HTTP/1.1</code></td>
568 <td><code>proxyreq</code></td>
571 <td>Denotes whether this is a proxy request or not. This value is generally set in
572 the post_read_request/translate_name phase of a request.</td>
575 <td><code>range</code></td>
578 <td>The contents of the <code>Range:</code> header.</td>
581 <td><code>remaining</code></td>
584 <td>The number of bytes remaining to be read from the request body.</td>
587 <td><code>server_built</code></td>
590 <td>The time the server executable was built.</td>
593 <td><code>server_name</code></td>
596 <td>The server name for this request.</td>
599 <td><code>some_auth_required</code></td>
602 <td>Whether some authorization is/was required for this request.</td>
605 <td><code>subprocess_env</code></td>
608 <td>The environment variables set for this request.</td>
611 <td><code>started</code></td>
614 <td>The time the server was (re)started, in seconds since the epoch (Jan 1st, 1970)</td>
617 <td><code>status</code></td>
620 <td>The (current) HTTP return code for this request, f.x. <code>200</code> or <code>404</code>.</td>
623 <td><code>the_request</code></td>
626 <td>The request string as sent by the client, f.x. <code>GET /foo/bar HTTP/1.1</code>.</td>
629 <td><code>unparsed_uri</code></td>
632 <td>The unparsed URI of the request</td>
635 <td><code>uri</code></td>
638 <td>The URI after it has been parsed by httpd</td>
641 <td><code>user</code></td>
644 <td>If an authentication check has been made, this is set to the name of the authenticated user.</td>
647 <td><code>useragent_ip</code></td>
650 <td>The IP of the user agent making the request</td>
654 <p>The request_rec has (at least) the following methods:</p>
656 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
657 r:flush() -- flushes the output buffer
661 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
662 r:addoutputfilter(name|function) -- add an output filter
666 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
667 r:sendfile(filename) -- sends an entire file to the client, using sendfile if supported by the current platform
671 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
672 r:parseargs() -- returns a Lua table containing the request's query string arguments
676 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
677 r:parsebody([sizeLimit]) -- parse the request body as a POST and return a lua table.
678 -- An optional number may be passed to specify the maximum number
679 -- of bytes to parse. Default is 8192 bytes.
683 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
684 r:puts("hello", " world", "!") -- print to response body
688 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
689 r:write("a single string") -- print to response body
693 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
694 r:escape_html("<html>test</html>") -- Escapes HTML code and returns the escaped result
698 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
699 r:base64_encode(string) -- Encodes a string using the Base64 encoding standard
703 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
704 r:base64_decode(string) -- Decodes a Base64-encoded string
708 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
709 r:md5(string) -- Calculates and returns the MD5 digest of a string (binary safe)
713 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
714 r:sha1(string) -- Calculates and returns the SHA1 digest of a string (binary safe)
718 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
719 r:escape(string) -- URL-Escapes a string
723 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
724 r:unescape(string) -- Unescapes an URL-escaped string
728 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
729 r:banner() -- Returns the current server banner
733 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
734 r:port() -- Returns the current server port used for the request
738 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
739 r:mpm_query(number) -- Queries the server for MPM information using ap_mpm_query
743 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
744 r:expr(string) -- Evaluates an <a href="../expr.html">expr</a> string.
748 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
749 r:scoreboard_process(a) -- Queries the server for information about the process at position <code>a</code>
753 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
754 r:scoreboard_worker(a, b) -- Queries for information about the worker thread, <code>b</code>, in process <code>a</code>
758 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
759 r:started() -- Returns the time of the last server (re)start
763 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
764 r:clock() -- Returns the current time with microsecond precision
768 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
769 r:requestbody(filename) -- Reads and returns the request body of a request.
770 -- If 'filename' is specified, it instead saves the
771 -- contents to that file.
775 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
776 r:add_input_filter(filter_name) -- Adds 'filter_name' as an input filter
780 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
781 r:module_info(module_name) -- Queries the server for information about a module
785 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
786 r:loaded_modules() -- Returns a list of modules loaded by httpd
790 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
791 r:runtime_dir_relative(filename) -- Compute the name of a run-time file (e.g., shared memory "file")
792 -- relative to the appropriate run-time directory.
796 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
797 r:server_info() -- Returns a table containing server information, such as
798 -- the name of the httpd executable file, mpm used etc.
802 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
803 r:set_document_root(file_path) -- Sets the document root for the request to file_path
807 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
808 r:add_version_component(component_string) -- Adds a component to the server banner.
812 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
813 r:set_context_info(prefix, docroot) -- Sets the context prefix and context document root for a request
817 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
818 r:os_escape_path(file_path) -- Converts an OS path to a URL in an OS dependant way
822 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
823 r:escape_logitem(string) -- Escapes a string for logging
827 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
828 r:strcmp_match(string, pattern) -- Checks if 'string' matches 'pattern' using strcmp_match (GLOBs).
829 -- fx. whether 'www.example.com' matches '*.example.com'
833 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
834 r:set_keepalive() -- Sets the keepalive status for a request. Returns true if possible, false otherwise.
838 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
839 r:make_etag() -- Constructs and returns the etag for the current request.
843 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
844 r:send_interim_response(clear) -- Sends an interim (1xx) response to the client.
845 -- if 'clear' is true, available headers will be sent and cleared.
849 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
850 r:custom_response(status_code, string) -- Construct and set a custom response for a given status code.
851 -- This works much like the ErrorDocument directive.
855 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
856 r:exists_config_define(string) -- Checks whether a configuration definition exists or not.
860 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
861 r:state_query(string) -- Queries the server for state information
865 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
866 r:stat(filename) -- Runs stat() on a file, and returns a table with file information
870 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
871 r:regex(string, pattern) -- Runs a regular expression match on a string, returning captures if matched.
875 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
876 r:sleep(number_of_seconds) -- Puts the script to sleep for a given number of seconds.
880 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
881 r:dbacquire(dbType[, dbParams]) -- Acquires a connection to a database and returns a database class.
882 -- See '<a href="#databases">Database connectivity</a>' for details.
888 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
889 <div class="section">
890 <h2><a name="logging" id="logging">Logging Functions</a></h2>
892 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
893 -- examples of logging messages<br />
894 r:trace1("This is a trace log message") -- trace1 through trace8 can be used <br />
895 r:debug("This is a debug log message")<br />
896 r:info("This is an info log message")<br />
897 r:notice("This is a notice log message")<br />
898 r:warn("This is a warn log message")<br />
899 r:err("This is an err log message")<br />
900 r:alert("This is an alert log message")<br />
901 r:crit("This is a crit log message")<br />
902 r:emerg("This is an emerg log message")<br />
906 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
907 <div class="section">
908 <h2><a name="apache2" id="apache2">apache2 Package</a></h2>
909 <p>A package named <code>apache2</code> is available with (at least) the following contents.</p>
912 <dd>internal constant OK. Handlers should return this if they've
913 handled the request.</dd>
914 <dt>apache2.DECLINED</dt>
915 <dd>internal constant DECLINED. Handlers should return this if
916 they are not going to handle the request.</dd>
917 <dt>apache2.DONE</dt>
918 <dd>internal constant DONE.</dd>
919 <dt>apache2.version</dt>
920 <dd>Apache HTTP server version string</dd>
921 <dt>apache2.HTTP_MOVED_TEMPORARILY</dt>
922 <dd>HTTP status code</dd>
923 <dt>apache2.PROXYREQ_NONE, apache2.PROXYREQ_PROXY, apache2.PROXYREQ_REVERSE, apache2.PROXYREQ_RESPONSE</dt>
924 <dd>internal constants used by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_proxy.html">mod_proxy</a></code></dd>
925 <dt>apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED, apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED, apache2.AUTHZ_NEUTRAL, apache2.AUTHZ_GENERAL_ERROR, apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED_NO_USER</dt>
926 <dd>internal constants used by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code></dd>
929 <p>(Other HTTP status codes are not yet implemented.)</p>
930 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
931 <div class="section">
932 <h2><a name="modifying_buckets" id="modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua filters</a></h2>
935 Filter functions implemented via <code class="directive"><a href="#luainputfilter">LuaInputFilter</a></code>
936 or <code class="directive"><a href="#luaoutputfilter">LuaOutputFilter</a></code> are designed as
937 three-stage non-blocking functions using coroutines to suspend and resume a
938 function as buckets are sent down the filter chain. The core structure of
941 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
943 -- Our first yield is to signal that we are ready to receive buckets.
944 -- Before this yield, we can set up our environment, check for conditions,
945 -- and, if we deem it necessary, decline filtering a request alltogether:
946 if something_bad then
947 return -- This would skip this filter.
949 -- Regardless of whether we have data to prepend, a yield MUST be called here.
950 -- Note that only output filters can prepend data. Input filters must use the
951 -- final stage to append data to the content.
952 coroutine.yield([optional header to be prepended to the content])
954 -- After we have yielded, buckets will be sent to us, one by one, and we can
955 -- do whatever we want with them and then pass on the result.
956 -- Buckets are stored in the global variable 'bucket', so we create a loop
957 -- that checks if 'bucket' is not nil:
958 while bucket ~= nil do
959 local output = mangle(bucket) -- Do some stuff to the content
960 coroutine.yield(output) -- Return our new content to the filter chain
963 -- Once the buckets are gone, 'bucket' is set to nil, which will exit the
964 -- loop and land us here. Anything extra we want to append to the content
965 -- can be done by doing a final yield here. Both input and output filters
966 -- can append data to the content in this phase.
967 coroutine.yield([optional footer to be appended to the content])
971 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
972 <div class="section">
973 <h2><a name="databases" id="databases">Database connectivity</a></h2>
976 Mod_lua implements a simple database feature for querying and running commands
977 on the most popular database engines (mySQL, PostgreSQL, FreeTDS, ODBC, SQLite, Oracle)
980 <p>The example below shows how to acquire a database handle and return information from a table:</p>
981 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
983 -- Acquire a database handle
984 local database, err = r:dbacquire("mysql", "server=localhost,user=root,dbname=mydb")
986 -- Select some information from it
987 local results, err = database:select(r, "SELECT `name`, `age` FROM `people` WHERE 1")
989 local rows = results(0) -- fetch all rows synchronously
990 for k, row in pairs(rows) do
991 r:puts( string.format("Name: %s, Age: %s<br/>", row[1], row[2]) )
994 r:puts("Database query error: " .. err)
998 r:puts("Could not connect to the database: " .. err)
1004 To utilize <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_dbd.html">mod_dbd</a></code>, specify <code>mod_dbd</code>
1005 as the database type, or leave the field blank:
1007 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1008 local database = r:dbacquire("mod_dbd")
1011 <h3><a name="database_object" id="database_object">Database object and contained functions</a></h3>
1013 <p>The database object returned by <code>dbacquire</code> has the following methods:</p>
1014 <p><strong>Normal select and query from a database:</strong></p>
1015 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1016 -- Run a statement and return the number of rows affected:
1017 local affected, errmsg = database:query(r, "DELETE FROM `tbl` WHERE 1")
1019 -- Run a statement and return a result set that can be used synchronously or async:
1020 local result, errmsg = database:select(r, "SELECT * FROM `people` WHERE 1")
1023 <p><strong>Using prepared statements (recommended):</strong></p>
1024 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1025 -- Create and run a prepared statement:
1026 local statement, errmsg = database:prepare(r, "DELETE FROM `tbl` WHERE `age` > %u")
1028 local result, errmsg = statement:query(20) -- run the statement with age >20
1031 -- Fetch a prepared statement from a DBDPrepareSQL directive:
1032 local statement, errmsg = database:prepared(r, "someTag")
1034 local result, errmsg = statement:select("John Doe", 123) -- inject the values "John Doe" and 123 into the statement
1039 <p><strong>Escaping values, closing databases etc:</strong></p>
1040 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1041 -- Escape a value for use in a statement:
1042 local escaped = database:escape(r, [["'|blabla]])
1044 -- Close a database connection and free up handles:
1047 -- Check whether a database connection is up and running:
1048 local connected = database:active()
1052 <h3><a name="result_sets" id="result_sets">Working with result sets</a></h3>
1054 <p>The result set returned by <code>db:select</code> or by the prepared statement functions
1055 created through <code>db:prepare</code> can be used to
1056 fetch rows synchronously or asynchronously, depending on the row number specified:<br />
1057 <code>result(0)</code> fetches all rows in a synchronous manner, returning a table of rows.<br />
1058 <code>result(-1)</code> fetches the next available row in the set, asynchronously.<br />
1059 <code>result(N)</code> fetches row number <code>N</code>, asynchronously:
1061 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1062 -- fetch a result set using a regular query:
1063 local result, err = db:select(r, "SELECT * FROM `tbl` WHERE 1")
1065 local rows = result(0) -- Fetch ALL rows synchronously
1066 local row = result(-1) -- Fetch the next available row, asynchronously
1067 local row = result(1234) -- Fetch row number 1234, asynchronously
1070 <p>One can construct a function that returns an iterative function to iterate over all rows
1071 in a synchronous or asynchronous way, depending on the async argument:
1073 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1074 function rows(resultset, async)
1076 local function getnext()
1078 local row = resultset(-1)
1079 return row and a or nil, row
1082 return pairs(resultset(0))
1084 return getnext, self
1088 local statement, err = db:prepare(r, "SELECT * FROM `tbl` WHERE `age` > %u")
1090 -- fetch rows asynchronously:
1091 local result, err = statement:select(20)
1093 for index, row in rows(result, true) do
1098 -- fetch rows synchronously:
1099 local result, err = statement:select(20)
1101 for index, row in rows(result, false) do
1109 <h3><a name="closing_databases" id="closing_databases">Closing a database connection</a></h3>
1112 <p>Database handles should be closed using <code>database:close()</code> when they are no longer
1113 needed. If you do not close them manually, they will eventually be garbage collected and
1114 closed by mod_lua, but you may end up having too many unused connections to the database
1115 if you leave the closing up to mod_lua. Essentially, the following two measures are
1118 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1119 -- Method 1: Manually close a handle
1120 local database = r:dbacquire("mod_dbd")
1121 database:close() -- All done
1123 -- Method 2: Letting the garbage collector close it
1124 local database = r:dbacquire("mod_dbd")
1125 database = nil -- throw away the reference
1126 collectgarbage() -- close the handle via GC
1130 <h3><a name="database_caveat" id="database_caveat">Precautions when working with databases</a></h3>
1132 <p>Although the standard <code>query</code> and <code>run</code> functions are freely
1133 available, it is recommended that you use prepared statements whenever possible, to
1134 both optimize performance (if your db handle lives on for a long time) and to minimize
1135 the risk of SQL injection attacks. <code>run</code> and <code>query</code> should only
1136 be used when there are no variables inserted into a statement (a static statement).
1137 When using dynamic statements, use <code>db:prepare</code> or <code>db:prepared</code>.
1142 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1143 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaAuthzProvider" id="LuaAuthzProvider">LuaAuthzProvider</a> <a name="luaauthzprovider" id="luaauthzprovider">Directive</a></h2>
1144 <table class="directive">
1145 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Plug an authorization provider function into <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html">mod_authz_core</a></code>
1147 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaAuthzProvider provider_name /path/to/lua/script.lua function_name</code></td></tr>
1148 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
1149 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1150 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1151 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.4.3 and later</td></tr>
1153 <p>After a lua function has been registered as authorization provider, it can be used
1154 with the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_authz_core.html#require">Require</a></code> directive:</p>
1156 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1157 LuaRoot /usr/local/apache2/lua
1158 LuaAuthzProvider foo authz.lua authz_check_foo
1164 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1166 function authz_check_foo(r, who)
1167 if r.user ~= who then return apache2.AUTHZ_DENIED
1168 return apache2.AUTHZ_GRANTED
1176 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1177 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaCodeCache" id="LuaCodeCache">LuaCodeCache</a> <a name="luacodecache" id="luacodecache">Directive</a></h2>
1178 <table class="directive">
1179 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Configure the compiled code cache.</td></tr>
1180 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaCodeCache stat|forever|never</code></td></tr>
1181 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LuaCodeCache stat</code></td></tr>
1182 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1183 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1184 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1185 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1187 Specify the behavior of the in-memory code cache. The default
1188 is stat, which stats the top level script (not any included
1189 ones) each time that file is needed, and reloads it if the
1190 modified time indicates it is newer than the one it has
1191 already loaded. The other values cause it to keep the file
1192 cached forever (don't stat and replace) or to never cache the
1195 <p>In general stat or forever is good for production, and stat or never
1196 for development.</p>
1198 <div class="example"><h3>Examples:</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1200 LuaCodeCache forever
1207 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1208 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookAccessChecker" id="LuaHookAccessChecker">LuaHookAccessChecker</a> <a name="luahookaccesschecker" id="luahookaccesschecker">Directive</a></h2>
1209 <table class="directive">
1210 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the access_checker phase of request processing</td></tr>
1211 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookAccessChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1212 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1213 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1214 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1215 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1216 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1218 <p>Add your hook to the access_checker phase. An access checker
1219 hook function usually returns OK, DECLINED, or HTTP_FORBIDDEN.</p>
1220 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1221 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1224 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1225 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookAuthChecker" id="LuaHookAuthChecker">LuaHookAuthChecker</a> <a name="luahookauthchecker" id="luahookauthchecker">Directive</a></h2>
1226 <table class="directive">
1227 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the auth_checker phase of request processing</td></tr>
1228 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookAuthChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1229 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1230 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1231 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1232 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1233 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1235 <p>Invoke a lua function in the auth_checker phase of processing
1236 a request. This can be used to implement arbitrary authentication
1237 and authorization checking. A very simple example:
1239 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1242 -- fake authcheck hook
1243 -- If request has no auth info, set the response header and
1244 -- return a 401 to ask the browser for basic auth info.
1245 -- If request has auth info, don't actually look at it, just
1246 -- pretend we got userid 'foo' and validated it.
1247 -- Then check if the userid is 'foo' and accept the request.
1248 function authcheck_hook(r)
1250 -- look for auth info
1251 auth = r.headers_in['Authorization']
1257 if r.user == nil then
1258 r:debug("authcheck: user is nil, returning 401")
1259 r.err_headers_out['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm="WallyWorld"'
1261 elseif r.user == "foo" then
1262 r:debug('user foo: OK')
1264 r:debug("authcheck: user='" .. r.user .. "'")
1265 r.err_headers_out['WWW-Authenticate'] = 'Basic realm="WallyWorld"'
1272 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1273 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1276 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1277 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookCheckUserID" id="LuaHookCheckUserID">LuaHookCheckUserID</a> <a name="luahookcheckuserid" id="luahookcheckuserid">Directive</a></h2>
1278 <table class="directive">
1279 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the check_user_id phase of request processing</td></tr>
1280 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookCheckUserID /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1281 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1282 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1283 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1284 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1285 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1287 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1288 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1291 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1292 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookFixups" id="LuaHookFixups">LuaHookFixups</a> <a name="luahookfixups" id="luahookfixups">Directive</a></h2>
1293 <table class="directive">
1294 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the fixups phase of a request
1295 processing</td></tr>
1296 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookFixups /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1297 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1298 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1299 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1300 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1303 Just like LuaHookTranslateName, but executed at the fixups phase
1307 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1308 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookInsertFilter" id="LuaHookInsertFilter">LuaHookInsertFilter</a> <a name="luahookinsertfilter" id="luahookinsertfilter">Directive</a></h2>
1309 <table class="directive">
1310 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the insert_filter phase of request processing</td></tr>
1311 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookInsertFilter /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1312 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1313 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1314 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1315 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1316 </table><p>Not Yet Implemented</p>
1318 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1319 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookMapToStorage" id="LuaHookMapToStorage">LuaHookMapToStorage</a> <a name="luahookmaptostorage" id="luahookmaptostorage">Directive</a></h2>
1320 <table class="directive">
1321 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the map_to_storage phase of request processing</td></tr>
1322 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookMapToStorage /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1323 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1324 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1325 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1326 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1328 <p>Like <code class="directive">LuaHookTranslateName</code> but executed at the
1329 map-to-storage phase of a request. Modules like mod_cache run at this phase,
1330 which makes for an interesting example on what to do here:</p>
1331 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1332 LuaHookMapToStorage /path/to/lua/script.lua check_cache
1335 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1339 function read_file(filename)
1340 local input = io.open(filename, "r")
1342 local data = input:read("*a")
1343 cached_files[filename] = data
1344 file = cached_files[filename]
1347 return cached_files[filename]
1350 function check_cache(r)
1351 if r.filename:match("%.png$") then -- Only match PNG files
1352 local file = cached_files[r.filename] -- Check cache entries
1354 file = read_file(r.filename) -- Read file into cache
1356 if file then -- If file exists, write it out
1359 r:info(("Sent %s to client from cache"):format(r.filename))
1360 return apache2.DONE -- skip default handler for PNG files
1363 return apache2.DECLINED -- If we had nothing to do, let others serve this.
1370 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1371 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookTranslateName" id="LuaHookTranslateName">LuaHookTranslateName</a> <a name="luahooktranslatename" id="luahooktranslatename">Directive</a></h2>
1372 <table class="directive">
1373 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the translate name phase of request processing</td></tr>
1374 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookTranslateName /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name [early|late]</code></td></tr>
1375 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
1376 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1377 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1378 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1379 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>The optional third argument is supported in 2.3.15 and later</td></tr>
1381 Add a hook (at APR_HOOK_MIDDLE) to the translate name phase of
1382 request processing. The hook function receives a single
1383 argument, the request_rec, and should return a status code,
1384 which is either an HTTP error code, or the constants defined
1385 in the apache2 module: apache2.OK, apache2.DECLINED, or
1388 <p>For those new to hooks, basically each hook will be invoked
1389 until one of them returns apache2.OK. If your hook doesn't
1390 want to do the translation it should just return
1391 apache2.DECLINED. If the request should stop processing, then
1392 return apache2.DONE.</p>
1396 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1398 LuaHookTranslateName /scripts/conf/hooks.lua silly_mapper
1402 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1403 -- /scripts/conf/hooks.lua --
1405 function silly_mapper(r)
1406 if r.uri == "/" then
1407 r.filename = "/var/www/home.lua"
1410 return apache2.DECLINED
1416 <div class="note"><h3>Context</h3><p>This directive is not valid in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, or htaccess
1419 <div class="note"><h3>Ordering</h3><p>The optional arguments "early" or "late"
1420 control when this script runs relative to other modules.</p></div>
1424 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1425 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaHookTypeChecker" id="LuaHookTypeChecker">LuaHookTypeChecker</a> <a name="luahooktypechecker" id="luahooktypechecker">Directive</a></h2>
1426 <table class="directive">
1427 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the type_checker phase of request processing</td></tr>
1428 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaHookTypeChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1429 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1430 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1431 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1432 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1434 This directive provides a hook for the type_checker phase of the request processing.
1435 This phase is where requests are assigned a content type and a handler, and thus can
1436 be used to modify the type and handler based on input:
1438 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1439 LuaHookTypeChecker /path/to/lua/script.lua type_checker
1442 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1443 function type_checker(r)
1444 if r.uri:match("%.to_gif$") then -- match foo.png.to_gif
1445 r.content_type = "image/gif" -- assign it the image/gif type
1446 r.handler = "gifWizard" -- tell the gifWizard module to handle this
1447 r.filename = r.uri:gsub("%.to_gif$", "") -- fix the filename requested
1451 return apache2.DECLINED
1457 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1458 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaInherit" id="LuaInherit">LuaInherit</a> <a name="luainherit" id="luainherit">Directive</a></h2>
1459 <table class="directive">
1460 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Controls how parent configuration sections are merged into children</td></tr>
1461 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaInherit none|parent-first|parent-last</code></td></tr>
1462 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LuaInherit parent-first</code></td></tr>
1463 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1464 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1465 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1466 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1467 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.4.0 and later</td></tr>
1468 </table><p>By default, if LuaHook* directives are used in overlapping
1469 Directory or Location configuration sections, the scripts defined in the
1470 more specific section are run <em>after</em> those defined in the more
1471 generic section (LuaInherit parent-first). You can reverse this order, or
1472 make the parent context not apply at all.</p>
1474 <p> In previous 2.3.x releases, the default was effectively to ignore LuaHook*
1475 directives from parent configuration sections.</p>
1477 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1478 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaInputFilter" id="LuaInputFilter">LuaInputFilter</a> <a name="luainputfilter" id="luainputfilter">Directive</a></h2>
1479 <table class="directive">
1480 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a Lua function for content input filtering</td></tr>
1481 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaInputFilter filter_name /path/to/lua/script.lua function_name</code></td></tr>
1482 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
1483 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1484 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1485 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.5.0 and later</td></tr>
1487 <p>Provides a means of adding a Lua function as an input filter.
1488 As with output filters, input filters work as coroutines,
1489 first yielding before buffers are sent, then yielding whenever
1490 a bucket needs to be passed down the chain, and finally (optionally)
1491 yielding anything that needs to be appended to the input data. The
1492 global variable <code>bucket</code> holds the buckets as they are passed
1493 onto the Lua script:
1496 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1497 LuaInputFilter myInputFilter /www/filter.lua input_filter
1498 <FilesMatch "\.lua>
1499 SetInputFilter myInputFilter
1503 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1505 Example input filter that converts all POST data to uppercase.
1507 function input_filter(r)
1508 print("luaInputFilter called") -- debug print
1509 coroutine.yield() -- Yield and wait for buckets
1510 while bucket do -- For each bucket, do...
1511 local output = string.upper(bucket) -- Convert all POST data to uppercase
1512 coroutine.yield(output) -- Send converted data down the chain
1514 -- No more buckets available.
1515 coroutine.yield("&filterSignature=1234") -- Append signature at the end
1520 The input filter supports denying/skipping a filter if it is deemed unwanted:
1522 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1523 function input_filter(r)
1525 return -- Simply deny filtering, passing on the original content instead
1527 coroutine.yield() -- wait for buckets
1528 ... -- insert filter stuff here
1533 See "<a href="#modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua
1534 filters</a>" for more information.
1538 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1539 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaMapHandler" id="LuaMapHandler">LuaMapHandler</a> <a name="luamaphandler" id="luamaphandler">Directive</a></h2>
1540 <table class="directive">
1541 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Map a path to a lua handler</td></tr>
1542 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaMapHandler uri-pattern /path/to/lua/script.lua [function-name]</code></td></tr>
1543 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1544 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1545 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1546 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1548 <p>This directive matches a uri pattern to invoke a specific
1549 handler function in a specific file. It uses PCRE regular
1550 expressions to match the uri, and supports interpolating
1551 match groups into both the file path and the function name.
1552 Be careful writing your regular expressions to avoid security
1554 <div class="example"><h3>Examples:</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1555 LuaMapHandler /(\w+)/(\w+) /scripts/$1.lua handle_$2
1558 <p>This would match uri's such as /photos/show?id=9
1559 to the file /scripts/photos.lua and invoke the
1560 handler function handle_show on the lua vm after
1561 loading that file.</p>
1563 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1564 LuaMapHandler /bingo /scripts/wombat.lua
1567 <p>This would invoke the "handle" function, which
1568 is the default if no specific function name is
1572 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1573 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaOutputFilter" id="LuaOutputFilter">LuaOutputFilter</a> <a name="luaoutputfilter" id="luaoutputfilter">Directive</a></h2>
1574 <table class="directive">
1575 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a Lua function for content output filtering</td></tr>
1576 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaOutputFilter filter_name /path/to/lua/script.lua function_name</code></td></tr>
1577 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
1578 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1579 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1580 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>2.5.0 and later</td></tr>
1582 <p>Provides a means of adding a Lua function as an output filter.
1583 As with input filters, output filters work as coroutines,
1584 first yielding before buffers are sent, then yielding whenever
1585 a bucket needs to be passed down the chain, and finally (optionally)
1586 yielding anything that needs to be appended to the input data. The
1587 global variable <code>bucket</code> holds the buckets as they are passed
1588 onto the Lua script:
1591 <pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1592 LuaOutputFilter myOutputFilter /www/filter.lua output_filter
1593 <FilesMatch "\.lua>
1594 SetOutputFilter myOutputFilter
1598 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1600 Example output filter that escapes all HTML entities in the output
1602 function output_filter(r)
1603 coroutine.yield("(Handled by myOutputFilter)<br/>\n") -- Prepend some data to the output,
1604 -- yield and wait for buckets.
1605 while bucket do -- For each bucket, do...
1606 local output = r:escape_html(bucket) -- Escape all output
1607 coroutine.yield(output) -- Send converted data down the chain
1609 -- No more buckets available.
1614 As with the input filter, the output filter supports denying/skipping a filter
1615 if it is deemed unwanted:
1617 <pre class="prettyprint lang-lua">
1618 function output_filter(r)
1619 if not r.content_type:match("text/html") then
1620 return -- Simply deny filtering, passing on the original content instead
1622 coroutine.yield() -- wait for buckets
1623 ... -- insert filter stuff here
1628 See "<a href="#modifying_buckets">Modifying contents with Lua filters</a>" for more
1633 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1634 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaPackageCPath" id="LuaPackageCPath">LuaPackageCPath</a> <a name="luapackagecpath" id="luapackagecpath">Directive</a></h2>
1635 <table class="directive">
1636 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Add a directory to lua's package.cpath</td></tr>
1637 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaPackageCPath /path/to/include/?.soa</code></td></tr>
1638 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1639 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1640 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1641 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1643 <p>Add a path to lua's shared library search path. Follows the same
1644 conventions as lua. This just munges the package.cpath in the
1649 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1650 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaPackagePath" id="LuaPackagePath">LuaPackagePath</a> <a name="luapackagepath" id="luapackagepath">Directive</a></h2>
1651 <table class="directive">
1652 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Add a directory to lua's package.path</td></tr>
1653 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaPackagePath /path/to/include/?.lua</code></td></tr>
1654 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1655 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1656 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1657 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1658 </table><p>Add a path to lua's module search path. Follows the same
1659 conventions as lua. This just munges the package.path in the
1662 <div class="example"><h3>Examples:</h3><pre class="prettyprint lang-config">
1663 LuaPackagePath /scripts/lib/?.lua
1664 LuaPackagePath /scripts/lib/?/init.lua
1669 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1670 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaQuickHandler" id="LuaQuickHandler">LuaQuickHandler</a> <a name="luaquickhandler" id="luaquickhandler">Directive</a></h2>
1671 <table class="directive">
1672 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Provide a hook for the quick handler of request processing</td></tr>
1673 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaQuickHandler /path/to/script.lua hook_function_name</code></td></tr>
1674 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
1675 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1676 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1677 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1680 This phase is run immediately after the request has been mapped to a virtal host,
1681 and can be used to either do some request processing before the other phases kick
1682 in, or to serve a request without the need to translate, map to storage et cetera.
1683 As this phase is run before anything else, directives such as <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#location"><Location></a></code> or <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code> are void in this phase, just as
1684 URIs have not been properly parsed yet.
1686 <div class="note"><h3>Context</h3><p>This directive is not valid in <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#directory"><Directory></a></code>, <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#files"><Files></a></code>, or htaccess
1690 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1691 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaRoot" id="LuaRoot">LuaRoot</a> <a name="luaroot" id="luaroot">Directive</a></h2>
1692 <table class="directive">
1693 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specify the base path for resolving relative paths for mod_lua directives</td></tr>
1694 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaRoot /path/to/a/directory</code></td></tr>
1695 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1696 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1697 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1698 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1700 <p>Specify the base path which will be used to evaluate all
1701 relative paths within mod_lua. If not specified they
1702 will be resolved relative to the current working directory,
1703 which may not always work well for a server.</p>
1706 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
1707 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LuaScope" id="LuaScope">LuaScope</a> <a name="luascope" id="luascope">Directive</a></h2>
1708 <table class="directive">
1709 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>One of once, request, conn, thread -- default is once</td></tr>
1710 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LuaScope once|request|conn|thread|server [min] [max]</code></td></tr>
1711 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LuaScope once</code></td></tr>
1712 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host, directory, .htaccess</td></tr>
1713 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Override">Override:</a></th><td>All</td></tr>
1714 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
1715 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_lua</td></tr>
1717 <p>Specify the lifecycle scope of the Lua interpreter which will
1718 be used by handlers in this "Directory." The default is "once"</p>
1721 <dt>once:</dt> <dd>use the interpreter once and throw it away.</dd>
1723 <dt>request:</dt> <dd>use the interpreter to handle anything based on
1724 the same file within this request, which is also
1725 request scoped.</dd>
1727 <dt>conn:</dt> <dd>Same as request but attached to the connection_rec</dd>
1729 <dt>thread:</dt> <dd>Use the interpreter for the lifetime of the thread
1730 handling the request (only available with threaded MPMs).</dd>
1732 <dt>server:</dt> <dd>This one is different than others because the
1733 server scope is quite long lived, and multiple threads
1734 will have the same server_rec. To accommodate this,
1735 server scoped Lua states are stored in an apr
1736 resource list. The <code>min</code> and <code>max</code> arguments
1737 specify the minimum and maximum number of Lua states to keep in the
1741 Generally speaking, the <code>thread</code> and <code>server</code> scopes
1742 execute roughly 2-3 times faster than the rest, because they don't have to
1743 spawn new Lua states on every request (especially with the event MPM, as
1744 even keepalive requests will use a new thread for each request). If you are
1745 satisfied that your scripts will not have problems reusing a state, then
1746 the <code>thread</code> or <code>server</code> scopes should be used for
1747 maximum performance. While the <code>thread</code> scope will provide the
1748 fastest responses, the <code>server</code> scope will use less memory, as
1749 states are pooled, allowing f.x. 1000 threads to share only 100 Lua states,
1750 thus using only 10% of the memory required by the <code>thread</code> scope.
1755 <div class="bottomlang">
1756 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_lua.html" title="English"> en </a> |
1757 <a href="../fr/mod/mod_lua.html" hreflang="fr" rel="alternate" title="Français"> fr </a></p>
1758 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img src="../images/up.gif" alt="top" /></a></div><div class="section"><h2><a id="comments_section" name="comments_section">Comments</a></h2><div class="warning"><strong>Notice:</strong><br />This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/lists.html">mailing lists</a>.</div>
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