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16 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.3</p>
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21 <div id="page-content">
22 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_log_config</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_log_config.html" title="English"> en </a> |
25 <a href="../ja/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
26 <a href="../ko/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
28 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Logging of the requests made to the server</td></tr>
29 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
30 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>log_config_module</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_log_config.c</td></tr></table>
34 <p>This module provides for flexible logging of client
35 requests. Logs are written in a customizable format, and may be
36 written directly to a file, or to an external program.
37 Conditional logging is provided so that individual requests may
38 be included or excluded from the logs based on characteristics
41 <p>Three directives are provided by this module:
42 <code class="directive"><a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code> to create
43 a log file, <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
44 to set a custom format, and <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> to define a log file and format in one
45 step. The <code class="directive">TransferLog</code> and <code class="directive">CustomLog</code> directives can be used multiple times in each
46 server to cause each request to be logged to multiple files.</p>
48 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
50 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bufferedlogs">BufferedLogs</a></li>
51 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cookielog">CookieLog</a></li>
52 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></li>
53 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></li>
54 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></li>
58 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#formats">Custom Log Formats</a></li>
59 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#security">Security Considerations</a></li>
60 </ul><h3>See also</h3>
62 <li><a href="../logs.html">Apache Log Files</a></li>
64 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
66 <h2><a name="formats" id="formats">Custom Log Formats</a></h2>
68 <p>The format argument to the <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> directives is a string. This string is
69 used to log each request to the log file. It can contain literal
70 characters copied into the log files and the C-style control
71 characters "\n" and "\t" to represent new-lines and tabs.
72 Literal quotes and back-slashes should be escaped with
75 <p>The characteristics of the request itself are logged by
76 placing "<code>%</code>" directives in the format string, which are
77 replaced in the log file by the values as follows:</p>
79 <table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Format String</th>
80 <th>Description</th></tr>
81 <tr><td><code>%%</code></td>
82 <td>The percent sign</td></tr>
83 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%a</code></td>
84 <td>Remote IP-address</td></tr>
85 <tr><td><code>%A</code></td>
86 <td>Local IP-address</td></tr>
87 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%B</code></td>
88 <td>Size of response in bytes, excluding HTTP headers.</td></tr>
89 <tr><td><code>%b</code></td>
90 <td>Size of response in bytes, excluding HTTP headers. In CLF format, <em>i.e.</em>
91 a '<code>-</code>' rather than a 0 when no bytes are sent.</td></tr>
92 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}C</code></td>
93 <td>The contents of cookie <var>Foobar</var> in the request sent
94 to the server.</td></tr>
95 <tr><td><code>%D</code></td>
96 <td>The time taken to serve the request, in microseconds.</td></tr>
97 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>FOOBAR</var>}e</code></td>
98 <td>The contents of the environment variable
99 <var>FOOBAR</var></td></tr>
100 <tr><td><code>%f</code></td>
101 <td>Filename</td></tr>
102 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%h</code></td>
103 <td>Remote host</td></tr>
104 <tr><td><code>%H</code></td>
105 <td>The request protocol</td></tr>
106 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}i</code></td>
107 <td>The contents of <code><var>Foobar</var>:</code> header line(s)
108 in the request sent to the server.</td></tr>
109 <tr><td><code>%l</code></td>
110 <td>Remote logname (from identd, if supplied). This will return a
111 dash unless <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ident.html">mod_ident</a></code> is present and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ident.html#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</a></code> is set
112 <code>On</code>.</td></tr>
113 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%m</code></td>
114 <td>The request method</td></tr>
115 <tr><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}n</code></td>
116 <td>The contents of note <var>Foobar</var> from another
118 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>Foobar</var>}o</code></td>
119 <td>The contents of <code><var>Foobar</var>:</code> header line(s)
120 in the reply.</td></tr>
121 <tr><td><code>%p</code></td>
122 <td>The canonical port of the server serving the request</td></tr>
123 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%P</code></td>
124 <td>The process ID of the child that serviced the request.</td></tr>
125 <tr><td><code>%{<var>format</var>}P</code></td>
126 <td>The process ID or thread id of the child that serviced the
127 request. Valid formats are <code>pid</code>, <code>tid</code>,
128 and <code>hextid</code>. <code>hextid</code> requires APR 1.2.0 or
131 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%q</code></td>
132 <td>The query string (prepended with a <code>?</code> if a query
133 string exists, otherwise an empty string)</td></tr>
134 <tr><td><code>%r</code></td>
135 <td>First line of request</td></tr>
136 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%s</code></td>
137 <td>Status. For requests that got internally redirected, this is
138 the status of the *original* request --- <code>%>s</code>
139 for the last.</td></tr>
140 <tr><td><code>%t</code></td>
141 <td>Time the request was received (standard english
143 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%{<var>format</var>}t</code></td>
144 <td>The time, in the form given by format, which should be in
145 <code>strftime(3)</code> format. (potentially localized)</td></tr>
146 <tr><td><code>%T</code></td>
147 <td>The time taken to serve the request, in seconds.</td></tr>
148 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%u</code></td>
149 <td>Remote user (from auth; may be bogus if return status
150 (<code>%s</code>) is 401)</td></tr>
151 <tr><td><code>%U</code></td>
152 <td>The URL path requested, not including any query string.</td></tr>
153 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%v</code></td>
154 <td>The canonical <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>
155 of the server serving the request.</td></tr>
156 <tr><td><code>%V</code></td>
157 <td>The server name according to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> setting.</td></tr>
158 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%X</code></td>
159 <td>Connection status when response is completed:
163 <tr><td><code>X</code> =</td>
164 <td>connection aborted before the response completed.</td></tr>
165 <tr><td><code>+</code> =</td>
166 <td>connection may be kept alive after the response is
168 <tr><td><code>-</code> = </td>
169 <td>connection will be closed after the response is
173 <p>(This directive was <code>%c</code> in late versions of Apache
174 1.3, but this conflicted with the historical ssl
175 <code>%{<var>var</var>}c</code> syntax.)</p></td></tr>
176 <tr><td><code>%I</code></td>
177 <td>Bytes received, including request and headers, cannot be zero.
178 You need to enable <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> to use this.</td></tr>
179 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%O</code></td>
180 <td>Bytes sent, including headers, cannot be zero. You need to
181 enable <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> to use this.</td></tr>
184 <h3><a name="modifiers" id="modifiers">Modifiers</a></h3>
186 <p>Particular items can be restricted to print only for
187 responses with specific HTTP status codes by placing a
188 comma-separated list of status codes immediately following the
189 "%". For example, <code>"%400,501{User-agent}i"</code> logs
190 <code>User-agent</code> on 400 errors and 501 errors only. For
191 other status codes, the literal string <code>"-"</code> will be
192 logged. The status code list may be preceded by a
193 "<code>!</code>" to indicate negation:
194 <code>"%!200,304,302{Referer}i"</code> logs <code>Referer</code>
195 on all requests that do <em>not</em> return one of the three
198 <p>The modifiers "<" and ">" can be used for requests that
199 have been internally redirected to choose whether the original
200 or final (respectively) request should be consulted. By
201 default, the <code>%</code> directives <code>%s, %U, %T,
202 %D,</code> and <code>%r</code> look at the original request
203 while all others look at the final request. So for example,
204 <code>%>s</code> can be used to record the final status of
205 the request and <code>%<u</code> can be used to record the
206 original authenticated user on a request that is internally
207 redirected to an unauthenticated resource.</p>
211 <h3><a name="format-notes" id="format-notes">Some Notes</a></h3>
213 <p>For security reasons, starting with version 2.0.46,
214 non-printable and other special characters in <code>%r</code>,
215 <code>%i</code> and <code>%o</code> are escaped using
216 <code>\x<var>hh</var></code> sequences, where <var>hh</var>
217 stands for the hexadecimal representation of the raw
218 byte. Exceptions from this rule are <code>"</code> and
219 <code>\</code>, which are escaped by prepending a backslash, and
220 all whitespace characters, which are written in their C-style
221 notation (<code>\n</code>, <code>\t</code>, etc). In versions
222 prior to 2.0.46, no escaping was performed on these strings so
223 you had to be quite careful when dealing with raw log files.</p>
225 <p>In httpd 2.0, unlike 1.3, the <code>%b</code> and
226 <code>%B</code> format strings do not represent the number of
227 bytes sent to the client, but simply the size in bytes of the
228 HTTP response (which will differ, for instance, if the
229 connection is aborted, or if SSL is used). The <code>%O</code>
230 format provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> will log the
231 actual number of bytes sent over the network.</p>
235 <h3><a name="examples" id="examples">Examples</a></h3>
237 <p>Some commonly used log format strings are:</p>
240 <dt>Common Log Format (CLF)</dt>
241 <dd><code>"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></dd>
243 <dt>Common Log Format with Virtual Host</dt>
244 <dd><code>"%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></dd>
246 <dt>NCSA extended/combined log format</dt>
247 <dd><code>"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"
248 \"%{User-agent}i\""</code></dd>
250 <dt>Referer log format</dt>
251 <dd><code>"%{Referer}i -> %U"</code></dd>
253 <dt>Agent (Browser) log format</dt>
254 <dd><code>"%{User-agent}i"</code></dd>
257 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
258 <div class="section">
259 <h2><a name="security" id="security">Security Considerations</a></h2>
260 <p>See the <a href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security tips</a>
261 document for details on why your security could be compromised
262 if the directory where logfiles are stored is writable by
263 anyone other than the user that starts the server.</p>
265 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
266 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="BufferedLogs" id="BufferedLogs">BufferedLogs</a> <a name="bufferedlogs" id="bufferedlogs">Directive</a></h2>
267 <table class="directive">
268 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Buffer log entries in memory before writing to disk</td></tr>
269 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>BufferedLogs On|Off</code></td></tr>
270 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>BufferedLogs Off</code></td></tr>
271 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
272 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
273 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
274 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in versions 2.0.41 and later.</td></tr>
276 <p>The <code class="directive">BufferedLogs</code> directive causes
277 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code> to store several log entries in
278 memory and write them together to disk, rather than writing them
279 after each request. On some systems, this may result in more
280 efficient disk access and hence higher performance. It may be
281 set only once for the entire server; it cannot be configured
282 per virtual-host.</p>
284 <div class="note">This directive is experimental and should be used with
288 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
289 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="CookieLog" id="CookieLog">CookieLog</a> <a name="cookielog" id="cookielog">Directive</a></h2>
290 <table class="directive">
291 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets filename for the logging of cookies</td></tr>
292 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>CookieLog <var>filename</var></code></td></tr>
293 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
294 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
295 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
296 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>This directive is deprecated.</td></tr>
298 <p>The <code class="directive">CookieLog</code> directive sets the
299 filename for logging of cookies. The filename is relative to the
300 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. This directive is
301 included only for compatibility with <code>mod_cookies</code>,
302 and is deprecated.</p>
305 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
306 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="CustomLog" id="CustomLog">CustomLog</a> <a name="customlog" id="customlog">Directive</a></h2>
307 <table class="directive">
308 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets filename and format of log file</td></tr>
309 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>CustomLog <var>file</var>|<var>pipe</var>
310 <var>format</var>|<var>nickname</var>
311 [env=[!]<var>environment-variable</var>]</code></td></tr>
312 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
313 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
314 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
316 <p>The <code class="directive">CustomLog</code> directive is used to
317 log requests to the server. A log format is specified, and the
318 logging can optionally be made conditional on request
319 characteristics using environment variables.</p>
321 <p>The first argument, which specifies the location to which
322 the logs will be written, can take one of the following two
326 <dt><var>file</var></dt>
327 <dd>A filename, relative to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>.</dd>
329 <dt><var>pipe</var></dt>
330 <dd>The pipe character "<code>|</code>", followed by the path
331 to a program to receive the log information on its standard
334 <div class="warning"><h3>Security:</h3>
335 <p>If a program is used, then it will be run as the user who
336 started <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. This will be root if the server was
337 started by root; be sure that the program is secure.</p>
339 <div class="warning"><h3>Note</h3>
340 <p>When entering a file path on non-Unix platforms, care should be taken
341 to make sure that only forward slashed are used even though the platform
342 may allow the use of back slashes. In general it is a good idea to always
343 use forward slashes throughout the configuration files.</p>
347 <p>The second argument specifies what will be written to the
348 log file. It can specify either a <var>nickname</var> defined by
349 a previous <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
350 directive, or it can be an explicit <var>format</var> string as
351 described in the <a href="#formats">log formats</a> section.</p>
353 <p>For example, the following two sets of directives have
354 exactly the same effect:</p>
356 <div class="example"><p><code>
357 # CustomLog with format nickname<br />
358 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<br />
359 CustomLog logs/access_log common<br />
361 # CustomLog with explicit format string<br />
362 CustomLog logs/access_log "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
365 <p>The third argument is optional and controls whether or
366 not to log a particular request based on the
367 presence or absence of a particular variable in the server
368 environment. If the specified <a href="../env.html">environment
369 variable</a> is set for the request (or is not set, in the case
370 of a '<code>env=!<var>name</var></code>' clause), then the
371 request will be logged.</p>
373 <p>Environment variables can be set on a per-request
374 basis using the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code>
375 and/or <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> modules. For
376 example, if you want to record requests for all GIF
377 images on your server in a separate logfile but not in your main
378 log, you can use:</p>
380 <div class="example"><p><code>
381 SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif$ gif-image<br />
382 CustomLog gif-requests.log common env=gif-image<br />
383 CustomLog nongif-requests.log common env=!gif-image
386 <p>Or, to reproduce the behavior of the old RefererIgnore
387 directive, you might use the following:</p>
389 <div class="example"><p><code>
390 SetEnvIf Referer example\.com localreferer<br />
391 CustomLog referer.log referer env=!localreferer
395 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
396 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LogFormat" id="LogFormat">LogFormat</a> <a name="logformat" id="logformat">Directive</a></h2>
397 <table class="directive">
398 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Describes a format for use in a log file</td></tr>
399 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LogFormat <var>format</var>|<var>nickname</var>
400 [<var>nickname</var>]</code></td></tr>
401 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></td></tr>
402 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
403 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
404 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
406 <p>This directive specifies the format of the access log
409 <p>The <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive can take one of two
410 forms. In the first form, where only one argument is specified,
411 this directive sets the log format which will be used by logs
412 specified in subsequent <code class="directive">TransferLog</code>
413 directives. The single argument can specify an explicit
414 <var>format</var> as discussed in the <a href="#formats">custom log
415 formats</a> section above. Alternatively, it can use a
416 <var>nickname</var> to refer to a log format defined in a
417 previous <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive as described
420 <p>The second form of the <code class="directive">LogFormat</code>
421 directive associates an explicit <var>format</var> with a
422 <var>nickname</var>. This <var>nickname</var> can then be used in
423 subsequent <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> or
424 <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> directives
425 rather than repeating the entire format string. A
426 <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive that defines a nickname
427 <strong>does nothing else</strong> -- that is, it <em>only</em>
428 defines the nickname, it doesn't actually apply the format and make
429 it the default. Therefore, it will not affect subsequent
430 <code class="directive"><a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code> directives.
431 In addition, <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> cannot use one nickname
432 to define another nickname. Note that the nickname should not contain
433 percent signs (<code>%</code>).</p>
435 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
436 LogFormat "%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" vhost_common
440 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
441 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="TransferLog" id="TransferLog">TransferLog</a> <a name="transferlog" id="transferlog">Directive</a></h2>
442 <table class="directive">
443 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specify location of a log file</td></tr>
444 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>TransferLog <var>file</var>|<var>pipe</var></code></td></tr>
445 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
446 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
447 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
449 <p>This directive has exactly the same arguments and effect as
450 the <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code>
451 directive, with the exception that it does not allow the log format
452 to be specified explicitly or for conditional logging of requests.
453 Instead, the log format is determined by the most recently specified
454 <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> directive
455 which does not define a nickname. Common Log Format is used if no
456 other format has been specified.</p>
458 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
459 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-agent}i\""<br />
460 TransferLog logs/access_log
465 <div class="bottomlang">
466 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_log_config.html" title="English"> en </a> |
467 <a href="../ja/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
468 <a href="../ko/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a></p>
469 </div><div id="footer">
470 <p class="apache">Copyright 1995-2005 The Apache Software Foundation or its licensors, as applicable.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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